高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解(时文广告)及解析

高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解(时文广告)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解时文广告类
1．阅读理解
Student Scholarships
5 Strong Scholarship
Application Deadline: August 20th
Scholarship Description: The 5 Strong Scholarship Foundation is a team of experienced educators that have over 30 years of experience in helping minority nationality students get into college. We have teamed up to form a foundation that's going to be devoted to building groups of 5 college ready scholars and placing them on the campuses of Historically Black Colleges and Universities.
Contact: Andrew H. Ragland； 770-873-6621
$ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship
Application Deadline: October 8th
Scholarship Description: The $ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship is a virtue-based competition that is open to 7th—12th graders and college students and non —traditional students. Applicants must be juniors or seniors or adult students.
Contact: Adrian Monk； 650-319-8441
ACF Andrew Piech Memorial Scholarship
Application Deadline: July 9th
Scholarship Description: One or more scholarships are awarded each year to New Mexico graduating high school seniors and continuing college students. Students must go after a degree or certificate from a non-profit public or technical professional institution including community college.
Contact: Daniel White； 505-883-6240
"Species On The Edge 2. 0" Social Scholarship
Application Deadline: September 19th
Scholarship Description: Conserve Wildlife Foundation invites high school student from across the state to submit an original social media campaign showing why wildlife is important to protect. The fun and educational contest provides students with the opportunity to show their talent, creativity and love for nature. The students may get scholarships if they perform well.
Contact： Stephanie Dalessio； 609-984-6021
（1）What's the $ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship mainly based on?
A.Certificate.
B.Virtue.
C.Protecting wildlife.
D.Helping black students.
（2）Who can minority nationality students call for help if they want to get a scholarship?
A.Stephanie Dalessio.
B.Adrian Monk.
C.Daniel White
D.Andrew H. Ragland.
（3）Which of the following is intended for New Mexican students?
A.5 Strong Scholarship.
B.$ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship.
C.ACF Andrew Piech Memorial Scholarship.
D."Species On The Edge 2. 0" Social Scholarship.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个学生奖学金项目。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据$ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship部分中的“The $ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship is a virtue-based competition”可知该奖学金的评选是建立在美德的基础上的。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据 5 Strong Scholarship部分中的“The 5 Strong Scholarship Foundation is a team of experienced educators that have over 30 years of experience in helping minority nationality students get into college.”可知，该奖学金基金会的工作者在帮助少数民族学生上大学方面有30多年的经验。

本段下面有该基金会的联系人：Andrew H. Ragland。

因此，如果希望获得这项奖学金，少数民族学生可以向Andrew H. Ragland寻求帮助。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据ACF Andrew Piech Memorial Scholarship部分中的“One or more scholarships are awarded each year to New Mexico graduating high school seniors and continuing college students.”可知，每年新墨西哥州的高中毕业并继续上大学的学生会得到一个或多个奖学金。

因此，ACF Andrew Piech Memorial Scholarship是针对新墨西哥州的学生。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息。

并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Washington State is best known for its biggest city of Seattle, but it is also home to a staggering number of scenic destinations. Below are the four must-visit places in Washington State as you plan your next trip.
Lake Chelan
Lake Chelan is a hub for scenery, outdoor recreation and wine Lasting in the Pacific Northwest. You can spend a day sipping and sightseeing at places like Vin du Lac Winery, Karma Vineyards or Mellisoni Vineyards. Ride on a seaplane that takes off and lands in the lake itself, or try water-skiing during the summer months. Hiking possibilities are abundant, and on Historic Main Street you can dine on farm-to-table cuisine from a range of independent eateries.
Columbia River Gorge
South of the Rattlesnake Hills, and right in the heart of the Columbia River Plateau, is the Columbia River Gorge. The gorge cuts through the Cascade Mountains forming the boundary
between Washington and Oregon, and you can get spectacular views of the gorge from above. The Multnomah Falls cascade right into the gorge at one point, only adding to the beauty of this particular destination.
Spokane
After Seattle, Spokane is the largest city in Washington, and it is located in the eastern portion of the state close to the border with Idaho. In Spokane, you can visit the Riverfront Park and stroll along the banks of the scenic Spokane River. Some of the city's top attractions include the John A. Finch Arboretum, the Northwest Museuni of Arts and Culture and Spokane Falls. You may also want to check out some of the city's popular golf courses or take a tasting tour through some of the world- famous breweries.
North Cascades National Park
The park is home to a large amount of wildlife, including animals like grizzly bears, gray wolves and lynx. Hike or drive to Mount Baker, a volcano located within the North Cascades, to get an unparalleled view of the nearby Mt. Shuksan, which is definitely the most photographed in all of North America.
（1）Which of the following activities does Lake Chelan offer?
A. Golfing.
B. Hiking.
C. Parachuting.
D. Motorcycling.
（2）Which place appeals to photographers most?
A.Rattlesnake Hills.
B.Karma Vineyards.
C.Mt. Shuksan.
D.Spokane Falls.
（3）Which two places are recommended to enjoy alcoholic drinks?
A.North Cascades National Park & Spokane.
ke Chelan & Columbia River Gorge.
C.Spokane & Lake Chelan.
ke Chelan & North Cascades National Park.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个西雅图的风景名胜，包括Lake Chelan、Columbia River Gorge、Spokane和North Cascades National Park。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Lake Chelan部分中的“Hiking possibilities are abundant, and on Historic Main Street you can dine on farm-to-table cuisine from a range of independent eateries.”徒步旅行的可能性非常丰富，在历史上的主要街道上，你可以吃到农场到餐桌的美食从一系列独立的餐馆，可知，Lake Chelan提供了徒步旅行活动。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据North Cascades National Park部分中的“Hike or drive to Mount Baker, a volcano located within the North Cascades, to get an unparalleled view of the nearby Mt. Shuksan, which is definitely the most photographed in all of North America.”徒步或驱车前往Baker山，一个位于北瀑布内的火山，以获得一个无与伦比的附近的Mt. Shuksan的景色，这绝对是在整个北美被拍照最多的山。

可知，Mt. Shuksan最吸引摄影师。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据 Lake Chelan部分中的“Lake Chelan is a hub for scenery, outdoor recreation and wine Lasting in the Pacific Northwest.”Chelan湖位于太平洋西北部，是风景、户外娱乐和葡萄酒的中心；以及 Spokane部分中的“You may also want to check out some of the city's popular golf courses or take a tasting tour through some of the world- famous breweries.”你可能还想看看这个城市的一些受欢迎的高尔夫球场，或者去一些世界著名的啤酒厂来一场品鉴之旅，可知，Spokane和Lake Chelan是推荐喝酒的好去处。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
More than great drinks, great rewards
Enjoy all the benefits and more with your membership to our Loyalty Program!
Whenever you pay with your membership account, you'll earn a Star.
Collect more Stars, earn more rewards.
Three ways to join us
Buy a Starbucks Card handy to create an account
Track your Stars online or through the mobile app, and we'll send an email when you've earned a reward.
You can also join from your phone.
Download the Starbucks App.
One of the most exciting benefits of being a member is using our mobile app to: pay for purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTunes Pick of the Week; see current offers.
Or you can join with specially marked coffee purchased at the grocery store.
Enter your Starcode (limit: 2 per day)
Look for the Starcode symbol on specially marked Starbucks products where you buy groceries. Three levels with increasingly greater rewards
To reach each level in our Loyalty Program, you need to collect more Stars. (Remember: to earn a Star, you must pay with a registered Starbucks Card.)
Welcome level
To earn your first rewards, just register a Starbucks Card.
Birthday drink or treat on us, birthday coupon (优惠券) for 15% off a purchase at .
Green level
Collect 5 Stars within 12 months and you'll be in the Green level.
What is included in the Welcome level plus
Free in-store refills (续杯) on hot or iced brewed coffee or tea
Gold level
Collect 30 Stars within 12 months and you'll be at the Gold level.
What is included in the Green level plus
A free food or drink item after another 12 Stars earned
Personalized Gold Card
（1）Which of the following is a way you can apply for membership?
A. To update the Starbucks App.
B. To collect 5 stars within 12 month.
C. To send an email to .
D. To enter a Starcode from specially marked Starbucks products.
（2）With a Starbucks Card of Green level, you will get ________.
A. a free drink item
B. free in-store refills
C. personalized Gold Card
D. all purchases 15% off
（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.To earn a Star, you must pay by credit card.
B.You can enter your Starcode three times a day.
C.With the Starbucks App, you can view current offers.
D.For Welcome level, you can refill iced brewed coffee or tea.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是星巴克做的一个广告宣传。

主要介绍了银星级会员、绿色会员和金星级会员等供人们选择，并鼓励人们成为会员。

（1）考查细节理解。

文章第二个黑色小标题“Three ways to join us”三种方式加入我们，下列出了可以申请星巴克会员的三种方式，分别是：买张会员卡开个账户；通过手机上的APP申请加入；在便利店买带有星巴克标志的产品，找到星巴克密码标志。

所以通过输入在便利店买的带有星巴克标志的产品上的星巴克密码是一种成为星巴克会员的方式。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据Green level部分中的“Free in-store refills (续杯) on hot or iced brewed coffee or tea”可以在店内免费续杯热的、冰的煮好的咖啡或茶，可知，成为星巴克绿色会员，就可以免费续杯。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据“One of the most exciting benefits of being a member is using our mobile app to: pay for purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTunes Pick of the Week; see current offers.”可知，通过手机APP申请会员有以下几大好处：手机支付、查看你的星级与奖励、可以听iTunes本周最佳选择、查看订单进度。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
If you have never been on a cruise (乘船游览), it can seem like its own world—with its own rules and secret language. So here we are going to lay out the very basics of going on a cruise.
Do I need a passport to go on a cruise?
You may need a passport, but you should take one anyway. Besides the fact that you are going to need an ID card to board the ship in the first place, a lot of ports require one.
How much luggage can I take on board?
For the most part, cruise ships aren't like planes—there isn't a strictly regulated amount of luggage you can take with you, and you are not going to be charged for bringing too much. Keep in mind that cabin storage space can be tight. Everything, including your empty luggage, is going to have to fit inside and you don't want to be tripping over it for your whole vacation.
Things like guns and knives are banned, but regulations vary from ship to ship about things like irons (generally a no) and hair dryers (generally a yes). Some ships allow you to bring a bottle of wine, but nearly all ban bringing your own hard alcohol.
What's the process for boarding a cruise ship?
Boarding a cruise ship is like boarding a plane—there are regulations or when to arrive, how to check-in, and what security you have to go through. Most cruise lines have transportation available from the airport; otherwise they normally own a paid parking lot where you can leave your car.
（1）What will you have to show when you board a ship in the first place?
A. A credit card.
B. A post card.
C. An ID card.
D. Luggage.
（2）What can you take when you are on a cruise?
A. As much alcohol as you can.
B. More luggage than on a plane.
C. Less luggage than on a plane.
D. As many guns and knives as you can.
（3）Where does the text probably come from?
A. A storybook.
B. A guidebook.
C. A book review.
D. A science report.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了乘船游览时的四点注意事项。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Do I need a passport to go on a cruise?部分中的“Besides the fact that you are going to need an ID card to board the ship in the first place, a lot of ports require one.”可知当你登上一艘船的时候，你首先要展示身份证。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据How much luggage can I take on board?部分中的“For the most part, cruise ships aren't like planes—there isn't a strictly regulated amount of luggage you can take with you, and you are not going to be charged for bringing too much.”可知在很大程度上，游轮不像飞机——你携带的行李数量没有严格的规定，而且你也不会因为带太多行李而被收取费用。

即当你在游轮上的时候，你可以带比飞机上更多的行李。

故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“If you have never been on a cruise （乘船游览）, it can seem like its own world—with its own rules and secret language.”以及文章主要内容为乘船游览的注意事项可推测，文章最有可能来自一本旅行指南。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Water is a necessity of life. Rain, especially, helps plants grow and stay green. But too much rain,
especially in cities, can lead to flooding. That can cause waste water systems to overflow and send pollutants into rivers and other waterways. To fight the problem, several cities in the United States are starting programs like rooftop gardens.
A team at the University of the District of Columbia in the nation's capital has created a garden on the top of one school building. The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time. Architect David Bell has designed five "green roofs" for the university. He says he is excited about the project because "it meant doing something more than just dealing with storm water management. It took advantage of a resource above the city and these flat roofs that aren't doing anything really became something that was about urban agriculture." Rainwater is collected in large containers and sent through a system that waters the rooftop garden. The roof is filled with green life that appeals to insects.
In cities, "you don't have that many spaces to choose from and so rooftops are just (unused) space," says Caitlin Arlotta. She is a student in the school's Urban Agriculture program. The project is part of a research program to see which plants do well on rooftops. The researchers are looking at plants including strawberries, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. The university also has other green spaces. "We also have our own farm experiments," Arlotta said. "Within each of those growing systems, we want to be able to tell people which sorts of these crops grow the best."
Sandy Farber Bandier helps run UDC's Master Gardener program. It seeks to improve cities and make them beautiful by training people to become Master Gardeners. She says she's been surprised by the garden's output. "My biggest surprise was that we produced 4, 250 pounds of produce the first year and was able to spread that to people in need." She also likes being able to show people who live in D. C. and others beyond the nation's capital what and how food can be grown on a rooftop. "This is the future for food. You grow it here, you prepare it in a commercial kitchen, you distribute through farmers markets, food trucks, and then you recycle."
（1）What do we know about the rooftop gardens?
A. Rooftop gardens are very common in average neighborhoods.
B. There are many sorts of plants there which help take in rainwater.
C. They're playing an important role in the city's food supply.
D. Rooftop gardens are no more than containers to collect rainwater.
（2）What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A. Rooftops can offer enough space to plant crops.
B. Many plants like strawberries can grow well on rooftops.
C. Some university students are participating in the Urban Agriculture program.
D. The plants in rooftop gardens are attractive to many insects.
（3）How does Sandy Farber Bandier feel about the future of rooftop gardens?
A. Confident.
B. Doubtful.
C. Worried.
D. Ambiguous.
（4）What is the best title for the text?
A. Rainwater Necessity for Plant Life
B. Green Roofs-The Future of Urban Agriculture
C. The United States' Agriculture Program
D. Rooftop Gardens-Food Paradise
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。

美国由于雨水过多，为了避免浪费，美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。

在大学校舍的顶部建造花园，种植多种植物吸收雨水，利用城市上空的一种资源，成为了城市农业的一部分。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time."可知，花园里有多种植物，可以帮助吸收雨水，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“ She is a student in the school's Urban Agriculture program... The researchers are looking at plants including strawberries, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. The university also has oth er green spaces. ‘We also have our own farm experiments’。

”可知，凯特琳·阿洛塔是该校都市农业计划的学生。

"研究人员正在研究包括草莓、西红柿和甘薯在内的植物。

这所大学还有其他绿地。

"，"我们也有自己的农场实验"，由此可推断出有许多大学生正在参与这项城市农业计划。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“She also likes being able to show people who live in D. C. and others beyond the nation's capital what and how food can be grown on a rooftop. ‘This is the future for food. You grow it here, you prepare it in a commercial kitchen, you distribute through farmers markets, food trucks, and then you recycle. ’" Sandy Farber Band ier 喜欢向住在华盛顿特区和首都以外地区的人们展示在屋顶上可以种植什么以及如何种植食物。

她认为"这是食品的未来。

你在这里种植，在商业厨房里准备，通过农贸市场分发。

食品卡车，然后回收利用。

" 由此可推断出她对于屋顶花园的未来很自信。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段说美国由于雨水过多，为了避免浪费，美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。

接着下文进行了详细介绍了在大学校舍的顶部建造花园，种植多种植物吸收雨水，利用城市上空的一种资源，成为了城市农业的一部分，有人认为这是未来的食物。

由此可知，本文主要叙述了绿色屋顶城市农业的未来。

综观全文可知，文中green roofs（绿色屋顶）贯穿全文，第一段最后一句green roofs（绿色屋顶）是建在城市的农业（Urban Agriculture），故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Do you know that junk food isn't healthy? Of course you do! Do you eat it anyway? Of course you do! But a new study shows teaching adolescents about the ways food companies fool them into thinking junk food is cool can encourage kids to fight back—by eating healthier.
The pull of junk food can be super-strong. It's designed to tasty; which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it. Yet we keep eating junk food.
Professor Christopher Bryan says, "Food companies want you to want junk food." They spend millions of dollars coming up with new ways to^ promote junk food consumption. They hire scientists to make new junk food almost irresistible. They might do this, for example, by adding more sugar. Rats fed junk food for six weeks will even walk across a floor that gives them electric shocks just to get more of such food.
Food ads often make unhealthy junk food seem healthy by featuring professional athletes, fit-looking pop stars and smiling, active teens. "We thought when the students learned this, it would matter to them," Bryan says. He worked with 8th graders at a Texas school. Half of them got a lesson Bryan created. It focused on the ways junk food is advertised, or marketed. A second group received lessons that focused on health. These lessons informed students junk food is had, and that foods like apples or carrots are a better choice. The students learned a bad diet can lead to major weight gain, and that being overweight puts people at risk for serious diseases. They also learned how eating well now can keep you healthy when you're older.
After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.
（1）Why does the author mention the questions in paragraph 1?
A. To express his doubts about junk food.
B. To promote the idea of healthy eating.
C. To describe the situation of junk food.
D. To introduce the topic for discussion.
（2）What remains a great health challenge to doctors?
A. Making people do more exercise.
B. Making people eat healthily.
C. Making people lose weight.
D. Making people prefer junk food.
（3）What message does paragraph 3 mainly try to convey?
A. What makes junk food almost impossible to resist.
B. What influences junk food can have on consumers.
C. How food companies try to get people to reach for junk food.
D. Why food companies promote the consumption of junk food.
（4）Which of the following words can best describe Bryan's lessons?
A. Shocking.
B. Popular.
C. Effective.
D. Abstract.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。

（1）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知本文介绍了一项研究：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。

可以推断出，文章第一段中提及那两个问题Do you know that junk food isn't healthy? 你知道垃圾食品不健康吗？Do you eat it anyway? 你仍然还吃垃圾食品？是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“It's designed to be tasty, which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it.”可知，垃圾食品很美味，这使吃得好成为一个巨大的健康挑战，从医生
到政府每一个人都一直在努力应对这一挑战。

由此可知，对医生而言，让人们吃得健康依然是一个巨大的健康挑战。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中先提到“食品公司想要消费者想吃垃圾食品”，紧接着说到“它们（食品公司)花巨资想办法推广垃圾食品，它们聘请科学家制作新的垃圾食品，使人们几乎无法抗拒”，接着还举例说“它们可能会往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖”。

由此可以推断，作者在本段主要是想告诉读者食品公司是如何想方设法让人们去吃垃圾食品的。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段主要介绍Bryan给德克萨斯州的一所学校的八年级学生们上的课，再根据文章最后一段After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.可知，课后当这些孩子被问及他们对垃圾食品的看法时，大多数人对这些不健康的食品都不持正面的看法。

由此可以推断，Bryan的课是有效的。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
A study based on data gathered by a NASA sensor has revealed China and India, the world's two most populous countries, are primarily responsible for making the Earth greener over the past two decades.
The study, published on Feb 11 in the journal Natural Sustainability, has found that since 2000 the Earth's green leaf area has increased by over 5 million square kilometers. That's an area equivalent to the total of the Amazon rainforests. "China and India account for one-third of the greening, considering the general idea of land degradation (退化) in populous countries from overexploitation," said Chen Chi from Boston University, lead author of the study.
The effect mainly comes from ambitious tree-planting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries, NASA said in a statement. China is the source of a quarter of the planet's increase in forest area, despite having only 6.6 percent of the world's vegetated (固定植被的)area, according to the study. Forest conservation and expansion programs account for 42 percent of the increase, and another 32 percent come from intensive agriculture of food crops, NASA said. While raising their green leaf areas, China and India have also greatly increased their food production through" multiple cropping" practices, where a field is replanted and crops are harvested several time each year. "Production of grains, vegetable, fruits and more have increased by about 35 to 40 percent since 2000 to feed their large population," NASA said.
Over the past decades, China has made great efforts to green the land. In 1978, the central government launched a national-level forestation project-the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program. By the end of 2017, the forest coverage rate among the regions in the project reached 13.57 percent, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago. In a greening project, Kubuqi Desert, seventh largest in the country, has seen one-third of its area covered by vegetation during the past three decades thanks to forestation efforts.
（1）What have China and India contributed to according to NASA?
A. Land greening.
B. Land degradation.
C. Population explosion.
D. Forest conservation.
（2）What can we learn about "multiple cropping "practices?
A. They turn out to be ineffective.
B. They improve the food output.
C. They raise the vegetated area.
D. They allow planning once annually.
（3）What was the forest coverage rate in 1977?
A. 5.05%.
B. 6.6%.
C. 13.57%.
D. 32%.
（4）How is the passage mainly developed?
A. By space.
B. By listing facts.
C. By comparison.
D. By making definition.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,介绍了美国航天局的一项最新研究显示，中国和印度是全球绿化努力的领导者。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"China and India, the world's two most populous countries, are primarily responsible for making the Earth greener"可知,美国宇航局的研究显示中国和印度使地球变得更绿,也就是说中国和印度的主要贡献在于土地绿化,故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"China and India have also greatly increased their food production through" multiple cropping" practices,"可知,中国和印度通过"复种"提高了粮食产量,故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的"By the end of 2017, the forest coverage rate among the regions in the project reached 13.57 percent, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago."可知,截至2017年底,森林覆盖率由40年前的5.05%提高到13.57%,也就是说1977时的森林覆盖率为5.05%,故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"That's an area equivalent to the total of the Amazon rainforests.",第三段中的"China is the source of a quarter of the planet's increase in forest area, despite having only 6.6 percent of the world's vegetated (固定植被的)area,"及第四段中的"By the end of 2017, the forest coverage rate among the regions in the project reached 13.57 percent, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago."等信息可知,文中多次用数据对过去和现在进行对比来显示中国和印度是全球绿化努力的领导者的,因此文章是通过对比的手法展开的,故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
We talk continuously about how to make children more "resilient (有恢复力的)"，but whatever we're doing, it's not working. Rates of anxiety disorders and depression are rising rapidly among teenagers. What are we doing wrong?
Nassim Taleb invented the word "antifragile" and used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is
one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (过敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability.
Children's social and emotional abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems. If we overprotect kids and keep them "safe" from unpleasant social situations and negative emotions, we deprive (剥夺) them of the challenges and opportunities for self-building they need to grow strong. Such children are likely to suffer more when exposed later to other unpleasant but ordinary life events, such as teasing and social rejection.
It's not the kids' fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less. Outdoor play and independent mobility went down; screen time and adult-monitored activities went up.
Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adult social and even physical competence. Depriving them of free play prevents their social-emotional growth. Norwegian play researchers Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair warned: "We may observe an increased anxiety or mental disorders in society if children are forbidden from participating in age adequate risky play."
They wrote those words in 2011. Over the following few years, their prediction came true. Kids born after 1994 are suffering from much higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than did the previous generation. Besides, there is also a rise in the rate at which teenage girls are admitted to hospital for deliberately harming themselves.
What can we do to change these trends? How can we raise kids strong enough to handle the ordinary and extraordinary challenges of life? We can't guarantee that giving primary school children more independence today will bring down the rate of teenage suicide tomorrow. The links between childhood overprotection and teenage mental illness are suggestive but not clear-cut. Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to become strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let go-and let them grow.
（1）Why does the author mention the immune system in Paragraph 2?
A. To stress its importance.
B. To analyze the cause of anxiety.
C. To question the latest discovery.
D. To help understand a new word.
（2）Parents overprotect children because .
A. they are concerned about their children's safety
B. they want to keep children from being teased
C. parent-monitored activities are a must
D. children are not independent enough
（3）According to the author, free play can .
A. promote children's resilience
B. strengthen children's friendship
C. reduce children's risky behavior
D. develop children's leadership skills
（4）Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A. Stop trying to perfect your child.。