2020-2021学年潍坊市第三中学高三英语模拟试题及答案解析

2020-2021学年潍坊市第三中学高三英语模拟试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Kate Humble: Books that changed my life
Kate Humble is a writer and broadcaster specializing in science, wildlife and rural affairs. Together with her husband site runs Humble by Nature, a rural skills education centre on working farm near Monmouth intheWyeValley.
Winnie the Pooh
by A A Milne
My father used to read this to me when I was very young — he used different voices for all the animals. The characterization (角色设定) was so clever; we all know someone just like each inhabitant of the HundredAcre Wood: gloomy Eeyore; thick but loyal Pooh; enthusiastic Tigger.
A A Milne was masterful in exploring the way they got along together, opening my eyes to how society really works.
Last Chance to See
by Douglas Adams and Mark Carwardine
This book tells of the authors, adventures as they set out to find the rarest of animals, those on the edge of extinction.
Their travels are rather exciting and they share a wonderful humour, which really appealed to me. Yet underpinning (支撑) everything is the realization that we can't just sit back and allow species to disappear. PicturePalace
by Paul Theroux
I've always loved Theroux's travel writing, but this novel took my breath away. The words aren't long or complicated but, fromthat first paragraph, his writing grabs you by the nose hairs and drags you along. I had an art teacher who told me, “You're only an artist when you've found your own style, not when you're copying someone else, and Theroux represents this.”
1. Why did the author mention the characterization ofWinnie the Pooh?
A. To indicate the book has realistic values.
B. To show how adorable the characters are.
C. To persuade people to learn from the characters.
D. To prove the writer is good at creating characters.
2. What didLast Chance to Seestrike into Kate's heart?
A. Curiosity.
B. Responsibility.
C. Exploration.
D. Devotion.
3. Which writer does Kate Humble like for his original writing?
A. A A Milne.
B. Douglas Adams.
C. Mark Carwardine.
D. Paul Theroux.
B
UK physicist Isaac Newton once said, ''Nature is pleased with simplicity and nature is no dummy (傻子). '' Indeed, Mother Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel andlash out at us.
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (新型冠状病毒肺炎, NCP) in China and some other countries at the beginning of this year is an example. According to Xinhua News Agency, the new coronavirus is similar to a virus found in a bat in 2017 and probably has an intermediate host (中间宿主). It's believed that the virus originated from the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, Hubei province, where live wild animals were sold.
The Wall Street Journal reported that Dr Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organization EcoHealth Alliance, said, ''This outbreak is a lesson for us. On a global scale, human population density, wildlife diversity, and land use change are what drive new pandemics (流行病). ''
In ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe (敬畏). For example, the American Indians believed that humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans. Chinese ancients always pursued the harmony between nature and human beings.
However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings, genetically modify (改变) plants, capture some wild and rare animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance. For example, cutting a large number of forests means carbon dioxide must build up in the atmosphere and it contributes to global warming.
Although we don't know for sure what first caused the NCP outbreak, Brian Lamacraft at Medium said it's time for people to ''reflect on our relationship with our planet'' and ''reconnect with this world and everything
that we've been given''. After all, according to US poet Gary Snyder, ''Nature is not the place to visit. It's our home. ''
4. What does the phrase ''lash out at'' in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. punish
B. control
C. test
D. challenge
5. What lesson did Daszak think human beings should learn from the NCP outbreak?
A. Bats are one of the most dangerous wild animals.
B. It's impossible to prevent new pandemics globally.
C. We should stop the wildlife trade around the world.
D. Humans should live peacefully with nature.
6. What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?
A. How human beings become their own masters.
B. How human activities cause global warming.
C. How human beings break the balance of nature.
D. How humans use technology to improve their lives.
7. What is the author's purpose in writing this article?
A. To reflect on the NCP outbreak.
B. To explain what led to the NCP outbreak.
C. To describe experts' predictions on new pandemics.
D. To compare ancient and modern attitudes toward nature.
C
I cried the first time I saw the Notre Dame（巴黎圣母院）years ago. I'd waited my entire life to see this great French architecture, and experienced it in its full glory on a bright sunny day. Last night, I again cried for the centuries-old church while watching it burn.
I hadn't expected to spend my evening that way. My friend and I were having dinner at a cafe a block or so away from the Notre Dame, choosing to skip going inside with the intention to go back the next day.
However, we heard that it caught fire, so we left the cafe and ran towards the church, following heavy smoke from it, and soon we joined a nearly silent crowd. Some were praying, some were crying, but most were staring in disbelief at the disaster happening before us. The fire continued to get worse. About 400 firefighters were working to control the fire. We could see their flashlights shining as they inspected the front from a balcony.
The Notre Dame is part of the heartbeat ofParis, I reflected on the experiences I've had there, from attending a bread market out front to admiring the beautiful windows and architecture inside. It is a spot that helps makeParismagical. And here we were, watching it burn down. It was too much to handle, but it was impossible to look away.
About 9：30 pm, the gathered crowd spontaneously（自发地）began to sing Hymns（圣歌）to the church. We sang along with the group, feeling at once less like tourists and more like members of them. I hadn't imagined all that before.
For hundreds of years, the Notre Dame hasseen the most joyous and the most terrible moments in the lives of both France and her people. And when everyone was able to become one emotional force, it showed that even in her darkest hour, the Notre Dame was still there to bring us all together.
8. Why did the author cry for the Notre Dame for the first time?
A. She was touched by its greatness.
B. She was sorrowful to watch it burn.
C. She was regretful for missing its glory.
D. She was excited about French cultures.
9. What was the author doing when the Notre Dame caught fire?
A. Heading for a faraway cafe.
B. Visiting a church with a friend.
C. Eating nearby with a friend.
D. Wandering along the street alone.
10. What can we know about the fire scene?
A. People expressed their sadness in different ways.
B. People were nervously rushing in different directions.
C. Hundreds of volunteers joined in putting out the fire.
D. Firefighters kept people away with shining flashlights.
11. What impressed the author most?
A. The church allowed visitors to gaingreat experiences.
B. Many foreign tourists became members of the church.
C. The church survived disasters for hundreds of years.
D. People were brought together to sing to the church.
D
The first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause
more harm than good.
In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.
Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, thefalloutfrom second-guessing appears especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed (开药) warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes (中风). However, if a patient was not on warfarin and had a stroke physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients.
These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm(prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed.
But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. ''Overreaction to Fearsome Risks'' holds true for broader society.
For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening.
Humans are likely to be influenced by emotional and often irrational (不理性的) thinking when processing information, bad events and mistakes. As much as we don't want to cause an unfortunate event to happen again, we need to be aware that a worst situation that can be imagined doesn't necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may involuntarily overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.
I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second-guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct (本能) and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too.
12. The first two paragraphs suggest that________.
A. bad medical outcomes affect doctors
B delivering babies can be difficult work
C. some doctors are not very experienced
D. doctors sometimes make silly mistakes
13. In the blood-thinner study, doctors________.
A. tend to prescribe less effective medicine
B. are more concerned about the patients' safety
C. become less confident in writing a prescription
D. believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding
14. What does the underlined word ''fallout'' in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Result
B. Benefit
C. Difference
D. Absence
15. The author will probably agree that________.
A. we should not doubt our own decisions
B. our experience will pave way for our future
C. humans are emotional and irrational on the whole
D. instincts don't necessarily lead to wrong directions
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项In moving to another country it is not uncommon to experience culture shock. As a Chinese person in Britain, I am no different.
Basically, there are five stages of culture shock.
Stage one can be called the Tourist stage". If you travel a lot, you'll agree with me. Everything in a new place is very exciting to a tourist.___16___After all, tourists don't usually stay too long in one place.
The second stage is the "shock stage”.___17___I am new in the country. Will someone cheat or rob me? I don't know anybody here and I miss home. Luckily, my "shock period" was quite short. I had so many things to do every day, so I didn't have time to get depressed.
____18____You learn to deal with the difficulties and stop complaining. This period can be slow and if you fail, you have to go back to the shock stage. I am very lucky. I have a roommate who has lived here for several years. Every time I talk to her, I feel better.
____19____We feel more comfortable and can adapt to the new culture. I think this will take a long time because I don't see any trace of it in me.
The last stage is called the re-entry shock stage". This is the shock you feel when returning home. Everybody
is happy to see you again, but you've changed.___20___
A.Your own culture may feel foreign.
B.Then comes the stage of acceptance.
C.In the next stage, you begin to adjust.
D.Problems and anxiety appear at this time.
E.You start to identify with the new culture.
F.This stage can last for months or just a couple of days.
G.Find the courage to move forward during this difficult stage.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项One of my teammates said it best on our last day of the season: “Guys, you are my family. We are all brothers.” Our tennis team is more than just a group of individual players thrown____21____; there is a friendship____22____by no other group with which I have been involved. We are____23____, yet connected. We have student-athletes from all four years of high school, from different parts of the city, and from different families and social____24____. Nevertheless, we are all____25____by a shared love of tennis. The tennis team____26____to me because it contains two things that I treasure most: tennis and____27____.
Ever since I was ten years old, the____28____aspect of tennis attracted me to an otherwise physical sport. My first tennis coach always used to say, “Tennis is 10% physical and 90% of mental.”
____29____the mental strength to stay_____30_____and controlled under pressure, skills are_____31_____. Sometimes I feel like I have two_____32_____in a match: me against the person on the other side of the net, and me against the person inside my head, telling me to hit a better shot.
However, despite the_____33_____pressures of tennis, the brotherhood_____34_____by working together as a team helps spread the_____35_____of the pressure over an entire group. We_____36_____each other on and off the court. We do this because we have become a/an_____37_____away from home. I play my best tennis when I have my team’s full support,_____38_____in the knowledge that they are always backing me_____39_____. I know that each one of us puts everything we have into every_____40_____whether we are playing or cheering.
21. A. around B. back C. forward D. together
22. A. earned B. followed C. matched D. noticed
23. A. opposite B. diverse C. separate D. skillful
24. A. activities B. backgrounds C. responsibilities D. services
25. A. appealed B. sponsored C. trained D. united
26. A. matters B. returns C. continues D. occurs
27. A. entertainment B. childhood C. brotherhood D. society
28. A. physical B. environmental C. mental D. technical
29. A. Without B. Beyond C. In spite of D. According to
30. A. active B. calm C. hopeful D. silent
31. A. useless B. difficult C. contradictory D. powerful
32. A. goals B. friends C. opponents D. risks
33. A. unavoidable B. unreasonable C. unexpected D. unwelcome
34. A. allocated B. created C. imagined D. suspected
35. A. area B. control C. value D. weight
36. A. support B. fight C. treated D. teach
37. A. audience B. family C. reason D. member
38. A. anxious B. curious C. sensitive D. secure
39. A. conditionally B. differently C. enthusiastically D. intentionally
40. A. match B. person C. dream D. team
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A team of engineers at Harvard University____41.____(inspire) by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems.____42.____(design) to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform____43.____(control) flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who____44.____(work) on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start____45.____(pierce) together the components. “The____46.____(add) difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those
components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of devices, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well,” said Wood. The flight device____47.____(build) into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the____48.____(fly) robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually____49.____(equip) it with a built-in power source, so that it can someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields_____50._____on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear that you are very interesting in Guoxue. Let me to give you a simple introduction to it.
Generally speaking, Guoxue refers to the excellent traditional Chinese culture,that includes philosophy, literature, history, music, painting and so on. Guoxue has been playing an increasing important part in China,especially for them students. Not only did it tell us how to study,but it also teaches us how to live. More and more Guoxue courses is given in schools of different levels all over China.
If you want to get better understanding of Guoxue, you are welcome to China to learn it,feel it and enjoy it. I'm sure you’11 benefit from living in two different culture. I'm looking forward to see you soon in China.
Yours,
Wang Kai 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

I grew up in a large family of twelve siblings (兄弟姐妹). We weren’t poor by most standards, but things were
difficult for us. My parents never shared their financial worries, choosing instead to let us have a carefree childhood. But I knew that there were times they went without and that certain things my friends had wouldn’t be easy for me to get.
Back in those days, hot lunch was a luxury (奢侈) for the wealthier kids, and hot-lunch buyers sat separately from the students who brought cold lunch. My siblings and I brought lunch from home every day: homemade bread, three cookies, and a small apple. We would look on longingly as the rich kids proudly sat down with their steaming plates of fried chicken or fish sticks and cold milk, sweet peaches and delicious cake.
I never said anything, but my first grade teacher, Mrs. Caruso, must have seen the eagerness in my eyes. One day she quietly pressed a note into my hand and whispered, “Give this to your mother.”
I arrived home and gave my mom the note. She read it and smiled. “Well, Mrs. Caruso said because of all your hard work, she wants to buy your lunch tomorrow.” The next day, I proudly carried my tray of chicken across the cafeteria and took my seat at the hot-lunch table. Honestly, the food wasn’t as great as I had imagined, but I was pleased to be there and felt honored to be a part of the group.
One rainy day, Mrs. Caruso asked me to stay after school. My heart instantly sank. Surely, I must be in trouble! Did she know I hadn’t finished my math homework? Did she see me making fun of Billy on the playground?
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1：
After the other students had left, Mrs. Caruso said she was going to drive me home.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________
Paragraph 2：
Thinking of the gifts given by her on that raining day, I don’t know why Mrs. Caruso took so much care of me. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________
参考答案
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D
12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D
16. F 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A
21. D 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 32.
C 33. A 34. B 35.
D 36. A 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. A
41. has been inspired
42. Designed
43. controlled
44. has worked##has been working
45. to pierce##piercing
46. added 47. was built
48. flying 49. to equip
50. or
51.(1).interesting→interested
(2).去掉to
(3).that→which
(4).increasing→increasingly
(5).them→us
(6).did→does
(7).is→are
(8).get后加a
(9).culture→cultures
(10).see→seeing
52.略。