2019版高考英语黄冈经典一轮(全国通用版)课时提升作业： 四 必修1 Unit 4 Word版含答案-英语精选

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课时提升作业四
必修1Unit 4Earthquakes
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Zhang Heng(78~139), a native of Nanyang in central China’s Henan Province, was a mathematician, astronomer and geographer of the Eastern Han Dynasty(25~220).
Zhang’s greatest contributions were in the field of astronomy. In 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons. In 132 he invented the first seismoscope. It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragon heads around the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs, each directly under a dragon’s head. When an earthquake occurred, ball fell out of a dragon’s mouth into a frog’s mouth, making a noise.
Zhang Heng was a supporter of the Hun, the ancient theory, which stated that the earth is inside an egg. He wrote, “The sky is like a hen’s egg and the Earth is like the yolk of the egg, lying alone at the center. The sky is large and the Earth is small. ”
He also drew a detailed map of the heaven. His chart showed 124 constellations (星群) consisting of a total of 2, 500 stars, 320 of which were bright stars with names. “This is not including those observed by sailors, ” he wrote, “Of the small stars, there are e leven thousand five hundred and twenty. ”
However, Zhang Heng was not satisfied with his paper map of the sky. When his charts were completed, he hired craftsmen to build what may have been the world’s oldest three-dimensional models of the heaven. The first globes were made out of bamboo strips, but eventually he had a globe made out of bronze, which was almost five meters in circumference. This in itself would have been a remarkable accomplishment.
But Zhang Heng took it one step further. He used the power of water to make his globe complete one rotation every year, showing how the positions of the stars changed from one season to the next.
【文章大意】本文介绍了东汉科学家张衡的几项科学发明——发明最早的地动仪、绘制星空图和发明漏水浑天仪.
1. What is seismoscope in Paragraph 2?
A. An art work which was very beautiful.
B. A device for measuring earthquake.
C. A toy for kids with some animals on it.
D. A musical instrument which can make a noise.
【解析】选B.细节理解题.根据第二段When an earthquake occurred, ball fell out of a dragon’s mouth. . . 可知应选B项.
2. What does the underlined word “which” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The detailed map of the heaven.
B. 124 constellations.
C. The heaven.
D. 2, 500 stars.
【解析】选D.词义猜测题.根据第四段320 of which前面有a total of 2, 500 stars可知应该选D.
3. What’s the best title of this passa ge?
A. A Great Astronomer
B. The First Seismoscope
C. Zhang Heng
D. Zheng Heng and All His Inventions
【解析】选C.主旨大意题.D选项有all, 并不是所有的发明, 所以选C.
B
The McDonald family from Glasgow, Scotland, were on holiday in Western Australia when their vehicle broke down in a desert area ninety miles north of the town of Laverton. This happened on a Tuesday, and the McDonalds were expected to arrive in the city of Kalgoorlie on Wednesday evening. When they did not show up, Mrs McDonald’s
brother told the local police.
A spokesperson from the rescue team that discovered the McDonalds’ vehicle said that the family planned carefully for their desert trip. They knew that they needed to stay with their vehicle instead of setting out to seek help, and they did the right thing by lighting a fire as a signal to attract attention.
When it comes to making a desert trip, the spokesperson also suggested bringing warm clothing for the cold nights and light clothing, hats, and sunscreen for the hot days. Besides, travelers should have a well-stocked survival kit (装备) including a first-aid kit, map, matches or lighter, and a knife. They should also make sure to pack plenty of food and water, spare tires (轮胎), and fuel. The spokesperson’s final suggestion was to tell a friend or family member about your travel plans.
After the unpleasant experience, John McDonald told reporters that he had read quite a lot about desert survival before coming to Australia. He knew that if they had tried to walk to the nearest town, they would not have been able to carry enough water and that they had to cut down on what they ate, because digestion requires a great deal of water.
Mr McDonald said he was extremely happy to see the rescue team and thankful that his family had survived. When asked what advice he could share with other possible desert travelers, Mr McDonald said,
“Don’t panic. Stay where you are and wait to be rescued. ” This trip through the Australian desert is one vacation the McDonald family will never forget!
【文章大意】本文是记叙文, 讲述了McDonald一家在被困沙漠后得到救援的故事.
4. Where was the McDonald family on Tuesday?
A. In an Australian desert.
B. In the city of Kalgoorlie.
C. At a local police station.
D. At the town of Laverton.
【解析】选 A.细节理解题.根据第一段中的“. . . their vehicle broke down in a desert area ninety miles north of the town of Laverton. This happened on a Tuesday. . . ”可知, 周二的时候McDonald一家正被困在澳大利亚的一个沙漠里.
5. What did the McDonald family do when their car broke down?
A. They set out to ask for help.
B. They walked to the nearest town.
C. They sent out a signal and waited for rescue.
D. They lit a fire to keep themselves warm.
【解析】选C.细节理解题.根据第二段中的“stay with their vehicle”和“they did the right thing by lighting a fire as a signal to attract attention”可知, 当车在沙漠抛锚后, McDonald一家发出了求救信号并在原地等
待救援.
6. In Paragraph 3, the spokesperson mainly ________.
A. gave tourists tips on visiting Western Australia
B. provided details on how to prepare for desert travel
C. gave instructions on surviving in terrible conditions
D. described how the McDonald family survived in the desert
【解析】选B.段落大意题.根据第三段中的“When it comes to making a desert trip, the spokesperson also suggested. . . Besides, travelers should. . . The spokesperson’s final suggestion was to. . . ”可知, 发言人在第三段主要谈到准备沙漠旅行的细节问题.
7. What is John McDonald’s suggestion on a desert trip?
A. Prepare a special vehicle for it.
B. Never try to make a desert trip alone.
C. Try to cross a desert in a suitable season.
D. Stay calm if you are trapped in the desert.
【解析】选D.细节理解题.根据最后一段中Mr McDonald说的“Don’t panic. Stay where you are and wa it to be rescued. ”可知, 他建议如果被困在沙漠一定不要惊慌失措, 要保持镇定.
Ⅱ. 完形填空
In the middle of town lived an old man. One day he 1his watch in his own store. It was 2to him because it was from his wife. After searching 3in the store for a long while, he 4to ask
for help from a group of children playing outside the store. He 5 them that the person who found it would be rewarded. 6this, the children hurried inside the store, went through and around the 7 store, but still could not find the watch.
Soon the man felt hopeless and wanted to 8. A little boy went up to him and asked for another 9. The man looked at him and thought, “Why not?
10, this kid looks sincere enough. ” 11the man sent him back in the store. After a while the boy 12with the watch in his hand! The man was very 13, and he asked the boy how he found it while the others had 14. The boy replied, “I did nothing but sat on the ground and 15. Then I heard the ticking (滴答声) of the watch and just looked for it in that 16. ”
We usually think about our own needs, which can’t bring peace into our mind. 17we need to think about ourselves and keep peaceful for a while, which can produce a 18result. So allow a few minutes of 19to your mind every day, and see how it helps you deal with your work and make 20as you expect to!
【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文.作者通过找表这样一个小故事告诉我们给自己的大脑片刻宁静非常重要.
1. A. lost B. broke C. hid D. fixed
【解析】选A.由该段的“searching”, “found”以及“still could not find the
watch”可知, 他把表弄“丢了(los t)”.
2. A. close B. strange C. similar D. important 【解析】选D.由该空后的“because it was from his wife”可知, 这块表对他来说非常“重要(important)”.
3. A. young and old B. heavy and light
C. high and low
D. black and white
【解析】选C.这位老人在店里“上上下下(high and low)”找了个遍. 4. A. forgot B. decided C. agreed D. learned 【解析】选B.由下文孩子们进店找表的行为可知, 他“决定(decided)”让在店外玩耍的孩子们进来帮忙.
5. A. warned B. taught C. worried D. promised 【解析】选D.由该空后的“the person who found it would be rewarded”可知, 他向孩子们“承诺(promised)”: 谁找到了表, 就有奖赏.
6. A. Hearing B. Seeing C. Wearing D. Feeling 【解析】选A. “听到(Hearing)”他的承诺, 孩子们冲进了店里.
7. A. big B. dirty C. whole D. busy
【解析】选C.孩子们为了找到表, 搜遍了“整个(whole)”店.
8. A. set off B. give up
C. calm down
D. show off
【解析】选B.由该空前的“the man felt hopeless”可知, 他想要“放弃(give up)”了.
9. A. date B. reason
C. meeting
D. chance
【解析】选D.由下文的“the man sent him back in the store”可知, 一个小男孩请老人再给他一次“机会(chance)”.
10. A. After all B. So far
C. At first
D. As usual
【解析】选 A.由该空前后内容可知, 这里是说: 为什么不呢? “毕竟(After all)”这个孩子看上去十分真诚.
11. A. But B. Or C. So D. Unless
【解析】选C.老人认为这个孩子真诚, 因此又让他进了店, 前后是因果关系, 故填So.
12. A. ran away B. came out
C. fell down
D. went back
【解析】选B.由上文的“the man sent him back in the store”可知, 过了一会儿, 小男孩手里握着表“出来(came out)”了.
13. A. angry B. proud
C. nervous
D. surprised
【解析】选 D.看到自己的表被找到了, 这位老人十分“惊喜(surprised)”.
14. A. failed B. finished C. regretted D. doubted
【解析】选A.由上文内容可知, 其他孩子都没有找到表而这个小男孩成功了, 故填failed.
15. A. played B. waited C. listened D. watched 【解析】选C.由该空后的“Then I heard the ticking of the watch”可知, 这个小男孩坐在地上开始仔细地“听(listened)”.
16. A. station B. direction
C. situation
D. darkness
【解析】选B.听到手表的滴答声, 然后朝着那个“方向(direction)”去找.
17. A. Luckily B. Possibly C. Besides D. Instead 【解析】选D.我们往往只考虑自己的需求, 这样就无法让我们的心平静下来.“相反(Inste ad)”, 我们应该从自身的角度去想一想, 保持片刻宁静, 这样才会带来“好的(good)”结果.
18. A. clear B. good C. direct D. natural 【解析】选B.此处指好的结果.
19. A. silence B. exercise
C. pleasure
D. conversation
【解析】选A.由上文的“keep peaceful for a while”可知, 这里是说给自己的大脑片刻“宁静(silence)”.
20. A. noises B. sense
C. progress
D. mistakes
【解析】选C.由该空前的“helps you deal with your work”和该空后的“as you expect to”可知, 这里是说取得“进步(progress)”.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式.
After four years of living here, I have a better 1. ________(understand) of northern China’s food.
Northern China’s hearty food is 2. ________(general) more acceptable to Westerners. They can enjoy Beijing roast duck, beef and dairy from Inner Mongolia, and Korean dishes in the northeast. Northern China experiences cold and dry winters, and hot summers, 3. ________(make) calories and salt replacement more important. As a result, northern dishes have strong flavors, compared with the south 4. ________ dishes are lighter in flavor.
Wheat is the main crop of northern China, and you will find a variety of wheat-flour 5. ________(product). Rice is also eaten in the north, but it is certainly secondary to wheat. Dumplings are very popular in the north, 6. ________(serve) with vinegar for dipping.
Northerners tend to eat more meat and dairy for the purpose 7. ________ fighting against the cold weather. Most meat dishes 8. ________(base) on mutton, pork, beef, chicken, and fish.
9. ________ are less fresh vegetables available because of the cold weather. Fruit is traditionally limited to a few hard seasonal varieties like apples, so it doesn’t feature much in the cuisine, although the northwest is famous for
10. ________(it) dried fruit and wine.
【文章大意】本文介绍了中国北方的饮食.
1. 【解析】understanding.设空处作宾语, 前面有a better限定且意为“理解”, 故填understanding.
2. 【解析】generally.设空处修饰谓语, 故填副词generally.
3. 【解析】making.Northern China与make之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 且make所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生, 故填making.
4. 【解析】where.设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰the south, 且在从句中作地点状语, 故填where.
5. 【解析】products.此处意为“各种各样由面粉制成的产品”, 故填product的复数形式.
6. 【解析】served.设空处作后置定语, serve与Dumplings之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 且serve表示的动作已完成, 故填served.
7. 【解析】of.for the purpose of意为“以……为目的”.
8. 【解析】are based.此处描述的是客观事实, 且主语meat dishes与base之间是被动关系, 故填are based.
9. 【解析】There.句意: 由于天气寒冷, 新鲜蔬菜比较少.此处是there be句型, 故填There.
10. 【解析】its.设空处后有名词fruit and wine, 故填形容词性物主代词.
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