MBA英语专业述语汇总IJK

I
Import quota进⼝限额
A limit on the quantity of a good that can be produced abroad and sold domestically
Imports进⼝
Goods and services that are produced abroad and sold domestically
In-kind transfers实物转移⽀付
Transfers to the poor given in the form of goods and services rather than cash
Income effect收⼊效应
The change in consumption that results when a price change moves the consumer to a higher or lower indifference curve
Income elasticity of demand需求收⼊弹性
A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in consumers income, computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income
Indexation指数化
The automatic correction of a dollar figure for the effects of inflation by law or contract
Indifference curves⽆差异曲线
Curves that show consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction A good for which an increase in income reduces the quantity demanded
Inferior good低档商品
A good for which, other things being equal, an increase in income leads to a decrease in quantity demanded
Inflation通货膨胀
An increase in the overall level of prices in the economy
Inflation rate通货膨胀率
The percentage change in the price index from the preceding period
Internalizing an externality外部性的内在化
Altering incentives so that people take account of the external effects of their actions
Investment投资
Spending on capital equipment, inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new housing
imperfect competition不完全竞争
any market structure in which there is some competition but firms face downward-sloping demand curves
implicit contract隐含合同
an unwritten understanding between two groups involved in an exchange, such as an understanding between employer and employees that employees will receive a stable wage throughout fluctuating economic conditions
import function进⼝函数
the relationship between imports and national income
incomplete markets不完全市场
situations in which no market may exist for some good or for some risk, or in which some individuals cannot borrow for some purposes
increasing, constant or diminishing returns to scale规模收益递增/不变/递减
when all inputs are increased by a certain proportion, output increases by a greater proportion (also known as economies of scale)
indexing指数化
the formal linking of any payment to a price index
individual income tax个⼈所得税
a tax based on the income received by any individual or household
infant industry argument for protection幼稚⼯业保护论
the argument that industries must be protected from foreign competition while they are young, until they have a chance to acquire the skills to enable them to compete on equal terms
infinite elasticity of demand⽆限需求弹性
the situation that exists when any amount will be demanded at a particular price, but nothing will be demanded if the price rises even a small amount
infinite elasticity of supply⽆限供给弹性
situation that exists when any amount will be supplied at a particular price, but nothing will be supplied if the price falls even a small amount
inflation tax通货膨胀税
the decrease in buying power (wealth) that inflation imposes on those who hold currency (and other assets, like bonds, the payments for which are fixed in terms of dollars)
inflationary spiral通货膨胀螺旋
a self-perpetuating system in which price increases lead to higher wages, which lead to further price increases
infrastructure基础设施
the roads, ports, bridges, and legal system that provide the necessary basis for a working economy
insider-outsider theory局内⼈—局外⼈理论
the theory that firms are reluctant to pay new workers (outsiders) a lower wage than current workers (insiders), because current workers will fear beingreplaced by the new log-wage workers and will not participate in cooperating with and training them
interest利息
the return a saver receives in addition to the original amount she deposited, and the amount that a borrower must pay in addition to the original amount she deposited
interest rate effect利率效应
the situation that exists when lower interest rates (resulting from an increase in the money supply, or a fall in the price level) induce firms to invest more
investment schedule投资曲线
the relationship between the level of investment and the (real) rate of interest
investment tax credit (ITC)投资税减免
a provision of the tax code in which the government reduces a companys tax bill by an amount equal to a percentage of its spending on investment
involuntary unemployment⾮⾃愿失业
the situation that occurs when the supply of those willing to work at the going market wage exceeds the demand for labor J
Job search寻找⼯作
The process by which workers find appropriate jobs given their tastes and skills
K
Keynesian monetary theory凯恩斯货币理论
Keynesian unemployment凯恩斯失业
unemployment that occurs as a result of insufficient aggregate demand; it arises in the demand-constrained equilibrium (where aggregate demand is less than aggregate supply), so that rightward shifts in aggregate demand reduce the level of unemployment
kinked demand curve有折点的需求曲线
the demand curve perceived by an oligopolist who believes that rivals will match any price cuts but will not match price increases。