高中英语牛津版选修八Unit2 The universal language

Unit2 The universal language
[考点透视]
I 重点短语
1. universal：universal use / a universal game / make a universal travel(trip)
universal truth / universal rule / a universal weakness / a universal language
n. the polar star / a shooting star / a movie star / a star player
2. star vt. / vi. star the words you think to be important / sb. stars in a film. /
with sb. starring, …
cast the net / cast a line
cast a glance at …. / cast light on the wall
3. cast cast sb. as the leading actor / actress
cast one’s vote
n. the cast of the new film
at the first cast
4. cold-hearted：adj. + n+ed：warm-hearted, cold-blooded , good-tempered, narrow-minded,
absent-minded, middle-aged, blue-eyed ….
one’s marriage to sb. / early (late) marriage / celebrate a marriage
5. marriage one’s marriage with sb.
vt. marry：marry sb. / marry A to B / get (be) married (to…)
drink water (soup 、medicine) / drink to one’s health
drink away one’s time / drink oneself to sleep (death)
6. drink n. food and drink / a drink of water …
adj. drunk：sb. be drunk / get drunk on sth.
be drunk with success (the good opportunity)
adj. drunken：a drunken man / drunken driving
do exercises / take exercise；lack / want of exercise
n. the exercise of one’s imagination (power 、memory …)
7. exercise opening exercise / graduation exercise
vt exercise one’s memory (imagination 、power 、good judgment …)
exercise the muscles (one’s arms、legs …) / exercise a dog
sb. / sth. terrify sb.
sb. be terrified at / by ….
8. terrify terrify sb. into (doing) sth.
be terrified of … = be afraid of
terrifying / terrified
类似词：interest / surprise / excite / satisfy …..
condemn sb. for the failure
vt. condemn sb. for murder
9. condemn condemn sb. to prison / death / a …. life
condemn sb. to do sth.
n. condemnation
desire peace and happiness / information ….
desire to do sth.
vt. desire sb. to do sth.
desire that ….
10. desire leave sth. to be desired
one’s desire for sth. / to do sth.
arouse / create / express / voice / satisfy …. a desire
n. a burning / keen / wicked desire
one’s heart’s desire
desirable
A compose
B B is composed of A
compose a poem / a song /
11. compose compose oneself to do sth.
adj. composed：sb. / sth. be / remain composed
n. composer / composition
decline sth.
vt. decline to do sth.
12. decline the prices / one’s health (influence) ….declines
n. a decline in …. / on the decline
II 重点句型
1. Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City —there could not be a better
setting!
2. She even dares to try and exercise control over her father, the emperor of China.
3. Turandot is desperate to learn his name and threatens ….
4. Then Calaf says his own name aloud, leaving his future in Turandot’s hands.
5. This man deserves his status as one of the most popular composers in Western musical history.
6. He first helped to compose a song in 1844, at an age when most children are still in kindergarten.
7. …which was a number one hit on the pop charts.
8. My column today takes a brief look at how Western pop music evolved over the last one …
9. Its origins are anchored in the folk songs of black Americans from the period of slavery.
10. Louise Amstrong is seen by many as being one of the founding fathers of jazz.
11. Jazz was intended for dancing.
12. , ….as if it were some kind of mental illness.
[题例精析]
[例1]Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday. (2006全国卷)
A. was happening
B. happens
C. has happened
D. happened
[易错点悟]考查时态。

[要点精析]尽管句中有as if，但句子中用yesterday, 应选过去时态。

[答案]D
[例2]______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (2006全国卷)
A. Surprising
B. Surprised
C. Being surprised
D. To be surprising
[易错点悟]考查非谓语动词。

[要点精析]主语Tony与surprise之间有被动关系，故排除A；所需词应与happy并列，故surprised符合题意。

[答案]B
[单元检测]
单项填空
1. I wonder how he _____ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say
B. dare saying
C. not dare say
D. dared say
2. — The girl ______ weight recently.
—Yes. She ______ too much.
A. has put on; is eating
B. puts on; eats
C. is putting on; eats
D. is putting on; has eaten
3. The hijackers ____ to kill all the passengers if their demands were not ______ .
A. threatening; met
B. threatened; met
C. threatened; satisfying
D. threatening; satisfied
4. The air company going from bad to worse, the workers ___ hardly enough to make a living.
A. are paying
B. are paid
C. have paid
D. paid
5. — Our holiday cost a lot of money.
—Did it? W ell, that doesn’t matter ______ you enjoyed yourselves.
A. unless
B. in case
C. as far as
D. as long as
6. — Nancy is not coming tonight.
—But she _______ !
A. promises
B. promised
C. will promise
D. had promised
7. The time he has devoted in the past ten years ______ the disabled is now considered
______ of great value.
A. to help; being
B. to helping; to be
C. help; to be
D. helping; being
8. —Why did you come to see the play you didn’t like?
—I sho uldn’t like ______, but my friend insisted. I like ______.
A. coming; dancing
B. to come; to dance
C. having come; to dance
D. to have come; dancing
9. The computer system _______ suddenly while he was searching for information on the net.
A. broke down
B. broke out
C. broke up
D. broke in
10. Between the two roads ______ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower〞.
A. stands
B. standing
C. which stands
D. stand
11. He did not return me the money; _____ , he wanted to borrow some more from me.
A. therefore
B. anyway
C. indeed
D. instead
12. I advised that he _____ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then.
A. be sent; was feeling
B. was sent; felt
C. be sent; feel
D. should be sent; should feel
13. Neither could theory do without practice, ______.
A. nor practice could do
B. nor could practice do
C. or could practice do
D. practice could do nor
14.— I went to visit the factory yesterday.
—Oh, did you? ______.
A. So I did
B. So did I
C. Neither did I
D. I did so
15. —So you’re lost, little girl. Why didn’t you hang on to your mother’s skirt?
—_______, but I couldn’t reach it.
A. I hanged to
B. I did to
C. I hung
D. I tried to
完形填空
For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In _16 a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 17 can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 18 readers. Most of us develop poor reading 19 at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency 20 in the actual stuff (材料) of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have 21 meaning until they are put together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. 22 , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 23 words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over 24 you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 25 down the speed of reading is vocalization―sounding each word either orally or mentally as 26 reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 27 , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a set speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 28 the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch〞him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 29 word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization, practically impossible. At first 30 is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 31 your comprehension will improve. Many people have found 32 reading skill greatly improved after some training. 33 Charlie Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute 34 the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 35 a lot more reading material in a short period of time.
16. A. applying B. doing C. offering D. getting
17. A. quickly B. easily C. roughly D. decidedly
18. A. good B. curious C. poor D. urgent
19. A. training B. habits C. situations D. custom
20. A. lies B. combines C. touches D. involves
21. A. some B.A lot C. little D. dull
22. A. Fortunately B. In fact C. Logically D. Unfortunately
23. A. reuse B. reread C. rewrite D. recite
24. A. what B. which C. that D. if
25. A. scales B. cuts C. slows D. measures
26. A. some one B. one C. he D. reader
27. A. accelerator B. actor C. amplifier D. observer
28. A. then B. as C. beyond D. than
29. A. enabling B. leading C. making D. indicating
30. A. meaning B. comprehension C. gist D. regression
31. A. but B. nor C. or D. for
32. A. our B. your C. their D. such a
33. A. Look at B. Take C. Make D. Consider
34. A. for B. in C. after D. before
35. A. master B. go over C. present D. get through
阅读理解
(A)
While drunken driving may be on the decline, traffic safety experts remain puzzled over how to deal with another alcohol related danger: drunken pedestrians.
Pedestrians struck and killed by cars often are extremely drunk. In fact, they are drunk more frequently-and with higher blood alcohol levels-than drunken drivers who are killed in accidents, various studies have shown. Forty percent of adult pedestrians involved in fatal crashes have a blood alcohol level of at least 0.10, which by law in most states shows drunk-compared to only 25 percent of drivers in deadly accidents, according to recent federal data.
Some types of pedestrian accidents have been declining nationally, especially those involving children, but the number of adult pedestrians who are drunk when killed in traffic has remained relatively steady at 2500 a year. The total number of pedestrians killed annually in U.S. traffic accidents is at least 7000, or one of every seven highway accidents resulting in death.
“We’re dealing here, we think, with a very severe drinking problem th at leads to a severe highway safety problem,〞said Richard Bloomberg, president of Dunlap and Associates Inc, in Norwalk, Coon.
Bloomberg, whose consulting company found a very high rate of alcohol involvement in a controlled study of pedestrian accidents in New Orleans, was among several researchers who spoke on the topic at the annual meeting of the Research council’s Transportation Research Board (TRB) in Washington in January.
Pedestrian accidents have not received enough attention in the past, according to Kay Culprits,
who chairs the board’s committee on pedestrians. Few methods exist to monitor walking habits, she said, and researchers have been puzzled about how to prevent disasters.
36. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Traffic Safety.
B. Drunken Drivers.
C. Drunken Pedestrian Accidents.
D. A Severe Highway Safety problem.
37. Among the causes of walkers’ accidents, the most serious problem is______ .
A. long delays in traffic signals that may make people cross streets without paying attention to
traffic rules
B. alcohol.
C. a lack of adult keeping eyes on many children involved in accidents
D. former drunken drivers whose licenses are not allowed to use for a time
38. According to recent federal data, drunken drivers with an over 0.10 blood alcohol level in deadly
accidents______.
A. make up one seventh of highway accidents
B. are 2500 a year
C. are at least 7000 in US traffic accidents
D. are 15 percent less than drunken adult walkers with the same level
39. According to the passage, what is Bloomberg?
A. A researcher.
B. A specialist in traffic safety.
C. A clerk of a consulting company.
D. A government official
(B)
Last year, my boyfriend suggested that I should run the London marathon, and I laughed. He laughed too, but he laughed too long and too loud. That made me think. I realized that he didn’t believe that I could do it. That made me angry, and determined. Now he knows that I can!
Training wasn’t easy, but I kept going. I didn't need special training but I did need to buy very good shoes. Each day, I went a little further. By the end of three months, I was running five days a week. Sometimes in the evenings I ran 10 km; on Sunday mornings, I sometimes ran about 30 km. I used to come home, have a shower and eat my breakfast. I felt wonderful!
On the day of the race in London, I lined up with about 30,000 other runners. The faster runners were at the front, while slower runners like me were placed further back. In that way, the professional runners and club runners were not slowed down by the amateurs (业余爱好者).
At first, there were so many runners close together that we were almost falling over each other. We could only run very slowly but that was a good thing because it meant that we didn't rush off too quickly. Gradually the runners spread out and there was more space. There were thousands of people watching us along the route and they cheered and clapped everyone, even the slowest runner. It was wonderful!
For the first 10 km I felt very happy and my legs felt very comfortable. However, at 15 km I got a pain in my side and running became difficult, but I kept going and the pain disappeared. At the 30 km mark, I felt extremely tired, and wanted to stop, but I kept on going. I covered another 3 km and then I began to feel better again.
By the time I reached the 35 km mark, I knew I was going to get to the end of the course. Somehow that confidence made me feel lighter and faster and it seemed as if my legs flew over the last few kilometers. I passed hundreds of slower runners, some of whom had passed me earlier, and I felt wonderful! As I came round the last bend (弯道) and saw the finishing line, I could see three runners ahead of me. I raced past all of them to finish the race in just under four hours. The winner had completed the race in 2 hours and 10 minutes, but I didn't care! I had run 42 km and completed my first marathon!
40. The writer’s boyfriend laughed at her because.
A. he thought she could run the marathon
B. he didn't think she could run the marathon
C. he wanted her to run the marathon
D. she wanted to run the marathon
41. When the race began .
A. all the faster runners were asked to stand before those slower ones
B. many runners fell over each other
C. all the runners were asked to run slowly
D. the professional runners and club runners ran very fast
42. The hardest time for the writer was when she
A. had run for 15 kilometers
B. got a pain in her side
C. reached the 30 kilometer mark
D. was about to reach the finish line
43. The passage suggests that it is better to start a long race slowly .
A. than to run at the same speed all the time
B. than to run too fast at the beginning
C. than to run slowly at the end
D. than to run very fast all the time
对话填空
书面表达
假如你是李晓华，住在江城。

你的加拿大笔友
Bob 来信谈到了他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家乡江城的情况。

请你用英语写一封回信。

回信须包括下表中的内容。

注意：
1. 回信中不能使用“江城〞以外的地名。

2. 词数100左右。

信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入次数。

Dear Bob,
It ’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now I ’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng. ___________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[答案解析]
[单项填空]
1. D。

考查dare用法。

dare作实义动词时，在本句中应表达为：dares / dared to do；作情态动
词时，应表达为：dare / dared say。

2. A。

由题干1中recently推出第一句是完成时；is doing：进行时表示说话者的感情色彩。

3. B。

threaten是动词，意为“威胁〞；threat是名词；demand与met / satisfy有被动含义。

4. B。

workers与pay 有被动关系。

5. D。

as long as作if only“只要〞解释。

6. B。

本句所提供的情景可知promise这一动作发生于过去，并不延续。

7. B。

devote sth. to (doing) sth.是固定结构；consider sb. / sth. to be / do …。

8. D。

shouldn’t like to do sth：不想做……；shouldn’t like to have done sth.：本不想做……；
like dancing表示习惯。

9. A。

break down含有“破裂、坏了、坍塌、垮掉〞的意思。

10. A。

倒装句，正常顺序为：A TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower stands between the two roads。

11. D。

therefore：因此，= so；anyway：无论如何；indeed：确实；instead：反而、相反。

12. C。

advise that…(should) do…；insist作“坚持说、坚持认为〞解释时，用陈述语气。

13. B。

neither ….nor…是固定搭配；它们置于句首引导句子是，句子要倒装。

14. B。

So did I：我也如此；So I did：我的确如此；I did so：我就这么做了。

15. D。

I tried to：是个省略句，= I tried to hang on to it，含有“我努力了但不成功〞之意。

[完形填空]
16. D。

本句意思是“谁如果想谋得一份差事〞。

applying需加for,意思是“申请〞；B. doing
做；C. offering提供此三项均不符题意，只有D. getting(获得)适合。

17. A。

本句意为“快速阅读与理解的能力，是关系到成败的关键所在〞只有quickly与原意吻
合。

easily(容易地)；roughly (粗略地)；decidedly(果断地)均与原文内容不符。

18. C。

英语中，阅读速度快的人称为good reader，反之，就是poor reader。

根据上下文的内容，
多数人都属于poor reader，因此选poor(差的)。

其它选项不妥。

19. B。

此处的意思是“大多数人早期养成看书慢的习惯〞因此选habits(习惯)。

training (训练，
培训)；situations(形势)；custom(风俗习惯)。

20. A。

此处说的是“主要的困难在于语言的自身要素，即单词〞。

combines联合；touches接
触；involves包括，这三项的词义与原文不符。

而lies与in构成搭配，意为“在于〞。

21.C。

这里的意思是“如果单个地看这些字，它们并没有什么意义〞。

some有点；A lot许多；
dull单调的。

此三项不合题意。

只有little(很少)是否定词，合乎逻辑。

22. D。

此句意为“作者对未受过阅读训练的人的不良习惯感到遗憾〞。

Fortunately幸运地；In fact事实上；Logically合乎逻辑地,均不妥。

Unfortunately(不幸地)合乎句义。

23. B。

此句意为“在阅读时经常重读(反复读)〞因此，选reread重读。

reuse再使用；Rewrite
改写；recite背诵。

24. A。

此处所填的词既是look back over的宾语，又是you have just read的宾语，只有what
能充当这种双重成分。

25. C。

scales down按比例减少；cuts down削减；此两项不合题意。

measures不能与down搭配。

只有slow与down搭配的意思“放慢〞，在此合适。

26. B。

本段前文已经出现you，在此选one(泛指人们，我们，你)来代替you。

some one无此
用法。

如果用reader，前面应加定冠词。

he不能与该段逻辑一致。

27. A。

此句意为“训练快速阅读所使用的工具必然与提高阅读速度有关〞，因此选accelerator
(快读器)。

actor演员；amplifier放大器；observer观察者。

28. D。

前面的faster决定了应当选than，构成比较级。

29. C。

此句意为“快速阅读器迫使你加快阅读速度，使你再也不能逐字阅读，回顾前文内容
或者默读〞。

enabling相当于making possible；leading引导；indicating指出，说明。

都不合题意。

只有making (使，使得)最合适。

30. B。

这里的意思是“速读最初会影响理解〞，所以选comprehension(理解力)。

meaning意义，
意思，指词或词组表示的意义；gist大意，要旨regression回顾
31. A。

与前半句中的not only相呼应，构成句式“不仅……，而且……〞，只有选but，而nor；
or或for均不能构成固定用法。

32. C。

本句中的主语是第三人称复数，物主代词必然是their。

33. B。

take与后面的for instance构成短语，意为：“以……例〞，其它三项不能构成搭配。

34. D。

这里提到受训之前与受训之后进行比较,对比，因此选before。

35. D。

此处意为：在较短时间内，读完众多的材料。

master掌握；go over复习；present呈现，
展现；此三项均不妥；只有get through (读完)最恰当。

[阅读理解]
36. C。

由文章第一节可知。

37. B。

文章第二节中Forty percent of adult pedestrians involved in fatal crashes have a blood
alcohol level of at least 0.10-which by law in most states shows drunk-compared to only 25 percent of drivers in deadly accidents, according to recent federal data.告诉我们答案。

38. D。

40% 与25%的差。

39. A。

由第四节：Bloomberg was among several researchers即知。

40. B。

从第一节中I realized that he didn't believe that I could do it.可知答案。

41. A。

第三节The faster runners were at the front, while slower runners like me were placed further
back.。

42. C。

第五节中At the 30 km mark, I felt extremely tired, and wanted to stop, but I kept on going.
由wanted to stop可知答案。

43. B。

文章第四节中run very slowly but that was a good thing because it meant that we didn't rush
off too quickly.。

[对话填空]
44. so 45. like 46. happened 47. driving 48. other
49. hospital 50. good 51. lucky 52. about 53. easy
[书面表达]
Dear Bob,
It is very kind of you to write to me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
The city stands on the bank of the Changjiang River. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses and roads have been built. Most schools and hospitals are available for people. However, there are problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in the rush hours. In my opinion, Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of population should be brought under control so that we will have a better hometown in future.
Yours,
Xiao Hua。