高中英语 任务型读写专练 牛津译林版必修4(1)

任务型读写专练
A
Women are avoiding academic careers in math­intensive fields because the lifestyle is consistent with motherhood，researchers at Cornell University found in a study to be published next month in American Scientist Magazine.
Universities have long been criticized for hiring and evaluation policies that discriminate against women，but the findings of this new study point to the female biological clock as a main reason why so few women end up as professors in fields such as math，engineering，physics and computer science.
A woman who wants a family looks at the tough path to a tenured(终身的) position and considers how old she will be before she can start a family and how little time she will have to raise her children.Many of those women choose a more flexible career.
“Universities have been largely inflexible about anything other than the standard timetable，which means you’ll have to struggle for years and only then would you consider getting pregnant(怀孕的)，” said
Wendy Williams，a human development professor at Cornell who co­authored the study with her husband，Stephen Ceci.
Williams and Ceci analyzed data about the academic careers of men and women with and without children.Before women became mothers，they had careers equal to or more successful than their male peers.But once they gave birth，the dynamic changed.
Women in other academic fields such as the humanities and social sciences face similar problems and often leave academic as well.But because there are so many women in those Ph.D.programs，enough finally stay to amount to a critical mass of female professors.
In math­heavy fields，however，women make up a tiny minority of the graduate students.So when the rare few who make it through a Ph.D.program leave because universities are not concerned about their needs as mothers at all，the net result is almost no women represented on faculty rosters(教师名单)，the study said.
B
How to Graduate from College with a High
GPA (Grade Point Average)
One Hour a Day
One of the most challenging things about college is time management.It’s not that you don’t have enough.In fact you usually have too much time，and as a result time gets wasted.If you take good notes in class，and spend one hour reviewing your notes every day before going to sleep，you make use of the power of the subconscious(下意识) to absorb information and by the time exams come around you’ll know all the materials on a subconscious level，and you don’t have to sit up the night before exams.Considering the amount of free time you usually have in college，one hour a day is not much in view of the long­term benefits.
Select Easy Courses
In your first term of college，load up on as many “easy A’s” as possible.There are several reasons for this.The first term of college is full of excitement as it is，and there are probably even more today than ever thanks to Facebook，Twitter，and more.The last thing you want to do is add difficult coursework to this.The other reason why selecting easy courses is powerful is that it allows you to start off your college career with an extremely high GPA.Good grades have less and less of an impact on your GPA later in your college career and raising your GPA becomes much more difficult.Selecting easy courses in the first term also leaves room for the occasional failure when coursework becomes more challenging.
Join (or Form) Study Groups
If you go to a large public school where classes often have 700 plus people，study groups are an extremely effective way to ensure good grades.Study groups are often led by older students who have taken the course and received A’s in that particular course.They also often provide you with resources such as practice tests，practice problems，and many others that might not be provided by professors.
Use Personal Development
I can honestly say I didn’t involve myself in personal development when I was in college.Looking back I realize that I suffered from low self­respect and a very unh ealthy self­image.Without doubt this had a negative impact on my GPA.But，if I had combined personal development techniques with the three steps above，my college career would have turned out very different.
If you have already started school，I recommend developing a strategy that applies these four ideas to your current schedule.If you haven’t started school yet，do some research on easier courses and what study groups might be available.If you follow through and commit to the four recommendations above，you’l l set yourself up for a very successful first term，and hopefully a very successful college career.Good
C
Wen Jiabao arrived in Singapore yesterday for an official visit to the country.It is the first visit by a Chinese premier to Singapore in eight years.In the arrival statement，Wen said he is looking forward to the meeting with Singapore on ways to deepen East Asian cooperation between two nations so as to contribute to the building of a peaceful，harmonious relationship.
Premier Wen Jiabao and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong agreed to jointly develop an environmentally friendly city in northeastern China.The city will be a model for sustainable development，a Singapore government statement said.The “Sino­Singapore Tianjin Eco­city” will be developed by a joint venture formed b y Chinese and Singapore companies.“This eco­city，to be built in Tianjin，will become another highlight in our relations，” Wen said after signing an agreement with Lee，who agreed，“On the Singapore side，on all levels，we’ll give this project our full support.”
The two sides will share expertise and experience in urban planning，environmental protection，resources conservation，recycling，use of renewable resources and wastewater reuse.China’s economic planning agency issued a set of guidelines earlier this month welcoming foreign investment in environmentally friendly areas such as recycling，“clean” industries and environmental protection.
Bilateral relations between China and Singapore have seen big progress even though the two countries established diplomatic ties only 17 years ago，Wen said during his talks with Lee.
China and Singapore have also kept close contact and coordination on regional issues，he added.Wen said China and Singapore are both important Asian countries that share common interests in many areas.
D
It is an all too familiar story.A natural disaster strikes in a remote part of the world，causing destruction and suffering.Villages are flattened and people are forced into camps.It is now happening in China，after the earthquake of magnitude(里氏) 8 that was centered on Wenchuan but shook the entire country.
Actually，in the past centuries，there were hundreds of thousands of earthquakes in different parts of the world.In Sept.1923，Tokyo and Yokohama were both destroyed by an earthquake and the fires that followed it.They had to be completely rebuilt.One of the most serious earthquakes was in China’s Shanxi Province in 1556.It claimed almost one million people.
We measure an earthquake’s strength on the Richter scale.The Richter scale was introduced in 1935 in Southern California in the USA.It measures earthquakes on a scale of one to ten.Any earthquake measuring five or more is usually serious.
The earth’s crust(地壳) is made up of layers of rock called plates.As these plates move，they sometimes crash against each other，causing the crust to quake.In cities such as Tokyo，where small quakes happen quite often，many modern buildings are designed to be flexible so when the earth moves，they move with it.
Earthquakes can also break up gas or oil pipes.This can cause fires to break out，which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself.
Another effect of the earthquakes is tsunamis(海啸)．These are huge waves created by earthquakes beneath the sea.They can be many meters high and cause great damage to costal towns and cities.
China，Japan，Russia and the USA have the highest occurrence of earthquakes in
E
The New York City Marathon was started by a man named Fred Lebow.It began in 1970 as a small，unimportant race.Only 127 local people ran，and just 55 of them finished.They ran around Central Park four times.Few people watched them run.However，over the years the marathon grew and became more popular.
Today people come from all over the world to run in the marathon.Runners must be at least 18 years old.In fact，the oldest runner was an 89­year­old man.Recently，more than 27,000 people ran in the New York City rge crowds cheered the runners and offered them cold drinks and encouragement.
The course of the marathon has changed.Instead of running around Central Park，the runners go through the five districts of New York City：Queens，Brooklyn，Manhattan，the Bronx，and Staten Island.The marathon begins at the base of the Verrazano Narrows Bridge in Staten Island.The runners go across the bridge into Brooklyn.Then they go up through Queens and into the Bronx.The marathon finishes in Central Park in Manhattan.The complete course is 26.2 miles，and takes the best runners less than 3 hours.
Although it has changed since 1970，the New York City Marathon is always exciting.Through the years，many unusual events have happened during the marathon.For example，Pat Tuz and John Weibaker got married a few minutes before the race.Then they ran the race with their party members.Some people run the whole race alone.
In the fall of 1992，Fred Lebow，the founder of the New York City Marathon，slowly ran his last race.He was very ill with cancer，but he did not want to stop running.In October 1994，Fred died.However，the New York City Marathon，and all its excitement，will continue for many years to come.
答案
A 1.academic 2.fairly/equally 3.mainly/chiefly 4．tough 5.except/but
6.success
7.faced
8．Conclusion 9.agree/correspond/consist 10.care
B 1.without 2.reviewing/memorizing/learning/studying/revising
3.Select/Choose/Take/Attend
4.beginning
5.high/good/remarkable
6.member
7.resources 8．involved 9.positively 10.success
C 1.aims/purposes 2.cooperate 3.strengthen/promote 4．reached
5.environmentally
6.sustainable 7．regional8.peaceful9.set
10.preference
D 1.earthquakes 2.history 3.following 4.happened/occurred 5.way
6.measures
7.cause
8.form 9．effects/results 10.fires
E 1.Race 2.founder 3.popularity 4.finishing/finish 5.world 6.course
7.takes 8.excitement 9.unusual 10．die/stop。