2019-2020学年桂林市第十八中学高三英语下学期期中试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年桂林市第十八中学高三英语下学期期中试题及答案解
析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
You might not expect it, but cows are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Cows produce lots of methane by breaking down the grass, Now scientists have shown that the pollution from cows canbe reduced by adding a little seaweed to their food.
Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago. But this work was done in a laboratory, there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life.
In the lab studies, the cows were given quite a bit of seaweed, and they would cause losing weight. That wasn't helpful, since cows are often sold by weight. It also wasn't clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.
Now, scientists from the University of California, Davis have answered several of these questions.
The researchers studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were giving off. This time, they used a much smaller amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows' food.
The results were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given, but even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane.
Over the five months, the scientists didn't see any signs that the cows' stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again.
Another surprise came when they looked at the weight of the cows. The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows, but they didn't need as much food.
But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there's notadequateseaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed.
A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in fields, where they eat the grass. That means there's no chance to feed them seaweed every day. These problems need to be taken seriously if the world is
going to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis.
Still, it's true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.
1. Why did the scientists do the experiment on the farm?
A. To control the amount of seaweed.
B. To record the weight cows gained.
C. To confirm the effect of seaweed in real life.
D. To measure the amount of seaweed cows ale.
2. The underlined word “adequate” means ________ .
A. common
B. special
C. lacking
D. enough
3. The passage is written to ________ .
A. appeal to people not to raise the cows
B. encourage people to plant the seaweed
C. remind people of controlling cows' weight
D. call on people to take actions to reduce the pollution
B
Las Vegascity inNevadais built in a desert. The city may be known to the outside world for its partying. But officials have found that there are 21 square kilometers of useless grass. The grass is never laid on, played on or even stepped on. The grass is only there to look nice.
Now, the city is asking theNevadastate legislature to ban useless grass. It is trying to become the first place inAmericato ban that kind of grass often seen between streets, in housing developments and in office parks.
It is estimated that useless grass makes up 40% of all the grass inLas Vegasand it needs a lot of water to survive. Grass needs four times more water than dry climate plants like cactus. By tearing out the grass, the city could reduce yearly water usage by 15%.
In 2003, the Southern Nevada Water Authority banned developers from planting grass in front of new homes. It also offered homeowners $ 30 for each square meter of grass they tear out. But fewer people are now using the program. Water usage has increased in southernNevadaby 9% since 2019. And last year,Las Vegaswent a record 240 days without major rainfall. The Colorado River provides much ofNevada's drinking water. The river could lose more water as climate change affects it.
Water officials in other dry cities said water usage needs to be reduced. But they fear the reaction to reforms like the ones inLas Vegasif their communities do not accept them. Cynthia Campbell is the water resources adviser for the city ofPhoenixinArizona. “There might come a point when city restrictions get too severe for some residents. They'll say that is the point of no return for them,”Campbellsaid. “For some people, it's a pool. For some
people, it's grass.”
4. Why doesLas Vegascity try to ban useless grass?
A. To protect the local people.
B. To beautify the city.
C. To reduce water usage.
D. To reduce waste.
5. What program was carried out inLas Vegasin 2003?
A. Allowing planting grass before new houses.
B. Encouraging the residents to tear out grass.
C. Praising those who signed on the program.
D. Awarding those who reduced water usage.
6. What is implied inCampbell's words in the last paragraph?
A. Many residents won't follow the ban.
B. Reaction to the reform will vary personally.
C. Other measures should be taken to protect wetter.
D. Water officials should take many factors into account.
7. What is the best title for the text?
s VegasPlans to Ban Useless Grass
B. A Method Is Adopted to SaveLas Vegas
C. Choices between Beauty and Practice
D. Grass Is Important but Useless inLas Vegas
C
Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne said yesterday he would use the autumn spending review to increase Britain’s￡12bn-a-year aid budget towards humanitarian(人道主义的) causes in the wake of the European refugee(难民) crisis.
Britainpromised to spend 0.7 percent of state general product on aid, meaning the budget could rise sharply by the end of the decade as the economy grows.
Mr Osborne also said more of the aid budget could be given to help local government with housing costs for incomers, without breaking international guidelines.
“We will use the foreign aid budget to help with the costs of these refugees. People ask about the pressure on public services; we’ll have extra money to help with that.”
The government was unable to give a figure for how much aid money could be handed to local authorities: it
would depend on how many refugees are accepted.
David Cameron, Prime Minister, will set out his position on aid for refugees today. It is reported thatBritainwill accept at least 10,000 extra people from camps on theSyriaborder. He will use a statement in the House of Commons to flesh out plans — announced inMadridon Friday — to take more people.
A report inThe Sunday Timesthat the UK would take 15,000 Syrians, not far from the 18,000 figure demanded by the EU, was described by “Downing Street” as a “guess”.
TheUKwill offer to resettle Syrians directly from refugee camps inJordan,LebanonandTurkey— but not those who have already reached the EU.
8. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Britain tried to help refugees.
B. People doubtBritain’s kindness.
C. Britain tried to explain its behavior.
D. Refugees like to live inBritain.
9. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?
A. Britain’s economy grows rapidly.
B. Britain will use little of its money to help refugees.
C. Most countries are not willing to help refugees.
D.Britainwill use more money to help refugees.
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Britain will use foreign money to help refugees.
B. Britain helps refugees following international guidelines.
C. Britain will use foreign money to develop themselves.
D. People ask to use public service money to help refugees.
11. What can we know from the passage?
A. Britain can hold 10,000 refugees at most.
B. The number of refugees to be received is uncertain.
C. House of Commons declare a general plan.
D.Britaincan hold 15,000 refugees at most.
D
Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problem—solving skills.
They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI (artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.
The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote” (堂吉诃德). It collects story plotsfrom the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.
The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the store keeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指令), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robotwill learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.
Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.
12. What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?
A. They entertain robots.
B. They highlight dangers.
C. They make robots more intelligent.
D. They enable robots to behave morally.
13. What is “Quixote” in the text?
A. A punishment system
B. A character in literature
C. A big name in technology
D. A software educating robots.
14. What does the designer expect robot to do in the experiment?
A. To take advantage of its privilege.
B. To finish the task most efficiently.
C. To perform in a good mannered way.
D. To be rewarded by the storekeeper1
15. Which of the follow can bestexpress the author’s opinion?
A. Robots will definitely have more functions.
B. Robots with human’s emotions are perfect.
C. Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.
D. The development of robots is still in a baby step.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Most people admit extreme nervousness at even the thought of giving a speech._______16_______Through speaking, we gain the power to share what we are thinking with others.
Actually, not only do most beginning speakers suffer anxiety at the thought of speaking in public, but even powerful speakers like Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D.Roosevelt were nervous before speaking._______17_______Some people tremble, sweat, and experience shortness of breath and increased heartbeat. As they go through their speech, they may be so preoccupied with themselves that they lose contact with the audience, jump back and forth from point to point, and on occasion forget what they have planned to say._______18_______And they still go on to deliver a strong speech. The secret is not to get rid of all of your feelings but to learn to channel and control your nervousness.
Very few people are so bothered by anxiety that they are unable to proceed with the speech._______19_______Why? Because you must be a little more aroused than usual to do your best. A bit of nervousness gets the adrenaline (肾上腺素) flowing-and that brings you to speaking readiness.
Many speakers worry that others will notice how nervous they are-and that makes them even more self-conscious and nervous. A young woman reported that she broke out at home before each speech. She was amazed when other students said to her, “You seem so calm when you speak.”_______20_______Once you realize that your audience does not perceive your nervousness to the degree that you imagine, you will remove one unnecessary source of anxiety.
The more experience you get in speaking, the better you become at coping with nervousness. As time goes on, you will come to find that having a group of people listening to you alone is a very satisfying experience.
A. The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.
B. In fact, it would be harmful if you were not nervous.
C. Try getting feedback from your listeners after a speech.
D. The difference in nervousness among people is a matter of degree.
E. Yet you must learn to cope with nervousness because speaking is important.
F. Others, however, may get butterflies in their stomachs and feel weak in the knees.
G. Perhaps the most important time for coping with nervousness is shortly before the speech.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
I was worried about my black-and-white paint horse, Storm. Twoweeks earlier her pasture (牧场)____21____, Lightning, died after breaking his leg. Since then, Storm hadn’t been herself. She didn't want to run like she used to. She just stood____22____in the pasture.
I____23____to find Storm a new companion. Money was____24____so buying a horse wasn’t a choice. I considered____25____one. One day I was out buying grain. The store owner____26____me about an old horse that needed a retirement____27____. The horse’s name was Kado, and he____28____in Michigan, which was 30 minutes away.
One spring afternoon I went to Michigan to____29____him. The owner took me to the pasture, where stood Kado. I____30____him slowly, not knowing how he might____31____a stranger. To my____32____, he came right up to me, putting his noseso close and I could feel his____33____, the equine (马的) way of saying____34____.
I visited him every week and our____35____grew. It was time to bring Kado to my farm so he and Storm could meet. The horses____36____noses and sniffed (嗅) each other briefly. Then Storm took off, running for the first time since Lightning's____37____. They ran around the whole pasture together. I watched, crying. My girl was____38____again.
I have no doubt that God brought us all together. I’m____39____that Kado came into our lives when we needed him most. What____40____even more is that he needed us, too.
21. A. owner B. enemy C. mate D. leader
22. A. hopefully B. secretly C. honestly D. spiritlessly
23. A. gave up B. turned down C. set out D. settled down
24. A. enough B. tight C. helpful D. important
25. A. adopting B. buying C. borrowing D. saving
26. A. asked B. warned C. told D. charged
27. A. way B. chance C. situation D. home
28. A. died B. appeared C. lived D. studied
29. A. wait B. meet C. contact D. lend
30. A. approached B. watched C. trained D. punished
31. A. deal with B. adapt to C. depend on D. react to
32. A. surprise B. regret C. disappointment D. shame
33. A. pain B. breath C. energy D. pressure
34. A. hello B. no C. sorry D. goodbye
35. A. ability B. interest C. confidence D. friendship
36. A. felt B. pushed C. touched D. observed
37. A. injury B. death C. growth D. service
38. A. stressed B. strange C. crazy D. happy
39. A. worried B. thankful C. serious D. moved
40. A. counts B. challenges C. desires D. expects
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
At the Green Free School in Copenhagen, students learn how to read and write and they study math and science. But teachers focus____41.____sustainability(可持续性). Students____42.____(teach) how to garden and grow their own food. They make projects out of recycling____43.____(material). They compost(堆肥), collect rainwater and recycle.____44.____(surprising), there are no rows of desks, no blackboards and no tests. The goal of the school is to prepare the students-about 200 of them,____45.____(range) in age from 6 to 15-for the green "transition". That's the transformation toward a sustainable society. "To me, it was important____46.____(make) a school that would address the green transition that we were going through," Danish filmmaker Phie Ambo,____47.____founded the school in 2014, tells MNN. She came up with the idea along with co-founder American____48.____(translate) Karen MacLean, who____49.____(step) away from the school about a year ago. Ambo remains as chairman of the board. A filmmaker who works in the biodynamic(生物动力)world, Ambo says she has always learned how to be around the world in a respectful way. Yet, she never saw that respect taught to children in Danish schools. "So we founded a school where sustainable learning was_____50._____focus," she says.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线( \ )画掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I was very frightened when I woke up in hospital on last Thursday. Then my mum told me what happens. She said I fainted in my PE lesson because low blood sugar levels. Fortunate, I was rushed to hospital immediately. The doctor helped me and I made a fully recovery within two days. My experience has proved how a bad idea it is to try to lose weight by skip meals. Now I know this extreme weight-loss method have serious side effects. I also understand that being healthy and energetic is less important than being slim. From now on, I’ll pay more attentions to my health rather than my weight. Having a balanced diet and exercising regularly really count a lot!第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你在伦敦某校做交换生。

学校准备成立一个以中国文化为活动主题的俱乐部，请你用英语写一篇短文，向同学们介绍你希望成立的俱乐部。

内容包括：
1.情况简介；
2.目的和意义；
3.你的期待。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

What I have in mind is
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. B
7. A
8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B
12. D 13. D 14. C 15. C
16. E 17. D 18. F 19. B 20. C
21. C 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. D 32.
A 33.
B 34. A 35. D 36.
C 37. B 38.
D 39. B 40. A
41. on##upon
42. are taught
43. materials
44. Surprisingly
45. ranging
46. to make
47. who 48. translator
49. stepped
50. the
51.(1). 去掉on (2). happens→ happened (3). because后加of (4). Fortunate → Fortunately
(5). fully→ full (6). how→ what (7). skip → skipping (8). have→ has (9). less→more (10). attentions→ attention
52.略。