2021届山东师范大学附属中学高三英语模拟试卷及答案

2021届山东师范大学附属中学高三英语模拟试卷及答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Shopping centers，stadiums and universities may soon have a new tool to help fight crime.
ACaliforniacompany called Knightscope says its robots can predict and prevent crime. Knightscope says the goal is to reduce crime by half in areas the robots guard.
William Santana Li is the chief executive officer of Knightscope. He says，"These robot security guards will change the world. Our planet has more than seven billion people on it. It's going to quickly get to nine billion people. The security equipmentthat we have globally is just not going to develop that fast. The company's Autonomous Data Machines can become the eyes and ears of law enforcement（执法）."
"You want them to be machines plus humans. Let. the machines do the heavy and sometimes dangerous work and let the humans do the strategic decision-making work，so it's always working all together."
The machines do not carry weapons but they have day and night video cameras which are able to turn 360 degrees and can also sense chemical and biological weapons.
Some people may become concerned about their privacy, especially in connection with the video recordings. Some people may worry that such recordings will appear on the Internet. Eugene Volokh, a law professor at the UCLA School of Law, says the machines have to be used in the right way and it will be interesting to see how state laws deal with this kind of video.
William Santana Li says there is a long waiting list for the robots in theUS. Workers in the company are working overtime to meet the demands of the market. At least 25 other countries are also interested in these robot security guards.
1. What can this new tool do for humans?
A. Make strategic decisions.
B. Keep watching day and night.
C. Carry heavy weapons.
D. Stop crime autonomously.
2. Why are some people worried about the new robots?
A. Their privacy may be let out.
B. The robots are very expensive.
C. Robots will replace humans.
D. They will be out of work soon.
3. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A. Robots Are Becoming More Popular
B. Robots Contribute aLotto the World
C. Robots Are in Great Demand Now
D. Security Robots Could Help Cut Crime
B
Have you ever done something that was really dangerous just because you thought it was safe？Maybe you did a dangerous trick on your bicycle or skateboard because you were wearing a helmet and thought you couldn’t get hurt. The psychology(心理) of this sort of behavior is called the Peltzman Effect, named after Sam Peltzman, professor of economics at the University of Chicago. Peltzman believes that those moments when people think they are the safest are the times when they act most dangerously.
Peltzman said that people drove more dangerously when they wore seat belts(安全带) . Driving a large four-wheel drive vehicle has a similar effect on drivers’ behavior. Because drivers of large vehicles sit up higher and can see better, they feel they can make better judgments when they drive. They are better protected in accidents,so they act more dangerously. This makes driving morehazardousto other drivers.
The Peltzman Effect isn’t just limited to driving. In 1972, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) passed a law requiring child safety caps on most medicine bottles. The safety caps were designed to prevent children from accidentally taking the medicine, especially painkillers such as aspirin. Requiring safety caps sounded like a great idea, but there was an unexpected side effect. Because the safety caps are so hardto take off, some people leave them off altogether．
Worse, some parents leave the bottles where kids can reach them because they feel that it is safe because of the cap. A study on the Peltzman Effect showed that more than 3,500 children have been harmedby aspirin because of the safety caps.
The Peltzman Effect describes how we’re likely to take more risks and act more dangerously when we feel safest. What’s more, the effects of these behaviors can be quite different from what we expect.
4. What is the Peltzman Effect？
A. People behave less safely when they feel safe．
B. People feel safest when they are under protection．
C. Something that seems dangerous turns out to be safe．
D. People who act dangerously are likely to be together．
5. What does the underlined word“hazardous”in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Interesting．
B. Expensive．
C. Dangerous．
D. Important．
6. Medicine bottles with safety caps ________．
A. are required throughout the world
B. meet the demands of the Peltzman Effect
C. sell well in the world
D. are not completely safe
7. What would be the best title for the text？
A. Unsafe Safety Measures
B. Types of Decision Making
C. People’s Fear of Taking Risks
D. Different Behaviors of People in Danger
C
Imagine turning on the GPS and seeing an image of your car from above. As the car drives, the map follows along in real time, alarming you to any traffic, pedestrians,animals, or other things nearby. Routes and names of roads appear over the live stream. It's like the map has come to life.
This type of map isn't available yet. But it could be soon. In 2014, the Worldview-3 satellites was launched into space. Even though it orbits Earth at more than 370 miles（600 km）away, it can capture images of objects on Earth that are just 10 inches（25cm）across.Peeringall the way from outer space, it can make out a smartphone held in your hand. It can tell what types of cars are traveling down a road. But it can't identify your face or read the cars' license plate numbers . . . at least not openly.
According to some reports, this satellite and other US spy satellites have the technology to take even sharper images, with a resolution（分辨率）of up to around 4 inches（10cm）. ButUS law forbids making these super-sharp pictures public, to prevent enemies from using them. But the idea that anybody might be able to spy on the entire Earth in such detail may seem horrible. Live, high-detail satellite mapping could possibly be used to monitor anybody at any time. Ray Purdy of University College London told CNN that he is concerned about what this could
mean for privacy. Most satellites are commercially owned, so if you have money you can buy that imagery. “It means anyone can spy on anyone,” he said.
At the same time, live, detailed maps of Earth's surface could be useful in amazing ways. Live maps of a disaster area could quickly discover people in need of rescue as well as the safest routes in or out. Satellite images are already helping catch illegal logging and fishing operations. Higher detail may make it possible to catch other criminals in the act. The images could also make it easier for farmers to watch over their crops.
What do you think? Do you wish everyone could access high-detail live maps of Earth's surface?
8. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seeing
B. Standing
C. Walking
D. Hearing
9. Why does US law forbid making super-sharp pictures public?
A. to protect the technology.
B. for the sake of safety.
C. to protect the environment.
D. to threat other countries.
10. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A. This super-sharp map hasn't been put into market.
B. Worldview-3 satellites orbits the Earth at 370 km away.
C. Personal privacy is safely protected if you use the super-sharp map.
D. The super-sharp map should be completely forbidden.
11. How is this technology used in agriculture?
A. It can help improve the production of crops.
B. It can help kill pests.
C. It can help farmer to watch over their crops from far away.
D. It can help increase farm land.
D
In life，once on a path，we tend to follow it，for better or worse.What's sad is that even if it's the latter，we often accept it anyway because we are so used to the way things are that wed don't even recognize that they could be different This is a phenomenon psychologist call functional fixedness.
This classic experiment will give you an idea of howitworks and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the same trap: People are given a box of tacks (大头钉) and some matches and asked to find a way to attach a candle to a wall so that it burns properly.
Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle to the wall or lighting it to fix it with melted wax. The
psychologists had, of course, arranged it so that neither of these obvious approaches would work. The tacks are too short, and the paraffin (石蜡) doesn't stick to the wall. So how can you complete the task? The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle-holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall. and stand the candle inside it. To think of that, you have to look beyond the box's usual role as a receptacle just for tacks and re-imagine it serving an entirely new purpose. That is difficult because we all suffer to one degree or another from functional fixedness.
The inability to think in new ways affects people in every corner of society. The political theorist Hannah Arendt coined the phrase“frozen thoughts”to describe deeply held ideas that we no longer question but should. In Arendt's eyes, the self- content reliance on such accepted “truths”also made people blind to ideas that didn't fit their worldview, even when there was plenty of evidence for them.
Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence, she said,“It can be found in highly intelligent people.”
12. What does the underlined word“it”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The experiment.
B. Functional fixedness.
C. The path.
D. The thinking.
13. Which way is hard to think of to complete the task?
A. Tacking the candle to the wall.
B. Fixing the candle with melted wax.
C. Using the tack box as a candle-holder.
D. Lighting the candle tostand it.
14. Which of the following statements will Hannah Arendt agree with?
A. People should question.
B. We should be used to the way things are.
C. People shouldn't accept the idea that doesn't fit their worldview.
D. The smarter people are，the more open to the new things they are.
15. What's the passage mainly about?
A. An interesting experiment
B. A psychological phenomenon.
C. A theory to be proved.
D. The opinion of Hannah Arendt.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
Everyday Habits of People with Impressive Memory
People blessed with an impressive memory generally admit that they use various strategies to improve their ability. But even if you're not a memory genius, there are things you can try,___16___
Establish routines
___17___For example, always hang your car keys on a hook or put them in the same place by the front door. By following established routines, you are decreasing the chance of having to struggle in the morning rush, which is believed to contribute to forgetfulness.
Use Post-it notes
Keep some in every room and stick a reminder where you are most likely to see it. If you need to remember to phone a friend later in the day, put a note on the phone so that you will notice it during the day.
___18___Embrace this technology!
Your cell phone comes with a built-in calendar you can set to remind you of what you need to do during the day. Use it!___19___Having access to them wherever you go with a smartphone only makes them even more effective. There is a saying that what gets scheduled gets done.
___20___
Research indicates that most people need six to eight hours of sleep (that’s at least two cycles of deep sleep)per night, for their brain to go through the chemical changes needed for long-term memory. A good sleep can make all the difference in your brain power and therefore gives you a sharpened mind.
A. Sleep on it.
B. Sharpen the mind.
C. To-do lists are also keys to living an organized life.
D. This simple activity can boost memory by 20 percent.
E. These common-sense strategies can help you forgetless often.
F. It really is easier to find things if you always put them in the same.
G. If not, write it down and put it where you can see it. so you don’t forget about it.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项When do you stick with somethingeven if you’re not the best at it?
When people find out my son Sam is a(n)____21____mathlete, they usually ask if my husband and I are
“math people”. The answer is definitely not. Sam’s done pretty well____22____his parents aren’t math people. But sometimes I wish I was a math person so I could help him or at least give him better____23____.
Ninth grade was____24____for Sam, math-wise. He left the____25____of middle school math, where he was kind of a big fish, and started____26____with the high school kids. In the most recent competition, he didn’t do as well as he’d hoped and was____27____by a math camp he’d applied to. He’d set a high goal for himself and hadn’t quite____28____it.
He____29____into my office one day last week, clearly discouraged. “I don’t know why I didn’t do better,” he said,____30____on a chair. “Maybe I should just____31____. I’m not good enough.”
I knew how he felt. The thought____32____us all-that we just aren’t good enough, and that all our hard work won’t____33____in the end and we can’t turn our____34____into success. I don’t have an answer for Sam. I am still____35____. How to____36____difficulty, disappointment, rejection, boredom. How to commit ourselves to something because it’s beautiful and worth our while, not because we’re____37____we’ll succeed.
“Maybe you’re not,” I said, looking at my son. To me, he is incredible and accomplished, but I know he is____38____by doubt just like anyone. “But I, for one, don’t think that’s been decided yet.”
To devote time to something with no guarantee of its____39____is risky and terrifying. But, then again,____40____is everything. And we don’t need to be a math person to know that.
21. A. competitive B. sensitive C. generous D. anxious
22. A. unless B. because C. considering D. providing
23. A. life B. advice C. solution D. taste
24. A. interesting B. attractive C. boring D. tough
25. A. principle B. world C. test D. age
26. A. running B. travelling C. swimming D. hunting
27. A. admitted B. received C. caught D. rejected
28. A. scored B. reached C. pursued D. managed
29. A. stole B. marched C. wandered D. jogged
30. A. sinking B. lying C. sliding D. hiding
31. A. struggle B. experience C. try D. quit
32. A. interrupts B. discourages C. limits D. suits
33. A. mind B. occur C. matter D. differ
34. A. effort B. luck C. support D. belief
35. A. practicing B. risking C. suffering D. learning
36. A. bring up B. go over C. push through D. turn down
37. A. certain B. happy C. optimistic D. anxious
38. A. warned B. troubled C. destroyed D. guided
39. A. quality B. shelter C. virtue D. success
40. A. so B. nor C. such D. it
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
China is pretty much obsessed with QR Codes, which were responsible for $8 trillion worth of business deals last year. No___41.___(sign) show that they are slowing down. Businesses should look to China when___42.___comes to comprehending just how far QR Code usage can really go.
China had long realized the___43.___(convenient) of using QR Codes as a method of payment. WeChat is without a doubt the top App in China, especially___44.___(consider) that 93% of the population there uses it. This App includes a function___45.___(name) WeChat Wallet, and people in China usually pay through the QR Codes___46.___are generated through WeChat Wallet, which needs to be connected___47.___users’ bank account and then they can start spending immediately.
Basically every type of vendor is obtaining payments through QR Codes. They___48.___(use) for bike-renting, grocery shopping, hotel reservation and many other things.
QR Codes are___49.___(simple) so popular that even beggars are using them____50.____(collect) donations!
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I’m glad to share some idea about garbage classification with you, which was a hot topic these days all over China. To my understand, we should do whatever we can support it. After all, the earth is home to everyone and
it’s our duty to provide a health environment voluntarily. Garbage classification isn’t easy in the beginning, and it’s meaningful. By doing so, it will do many good to the recycling of valuable resources. For our environment and life, we are expecting to learn to sort the rubbish and make it as a habit. Every individual can make the difference and bring a bright future for our planet.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是学生会主席李华，学生会将面向交换生举行“China in my eyes”微电影作品展。

请你根据提示写一则通知，主要内容包括:
1.活动介绍；
2.截止时间；
3.欢迎报名参加。

注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

参考词汇:微电影microfilm
Notice
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________
The Students’ Union
参考答案
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. A
8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C
12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B
16. E 17. F 18. D 19. C 20. A
21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32.
B 33.
C 34. A 35.
D 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. A
41. signs
42. it 43. convenience
44. considering
45. named 46. that/which
47. to/with
48. are (being) used
49. simply 50. to collect
51.(1). idea→ideas
(2). was→is
(3). understand→understanding
(4). support前加to
(5). health→healthy
(6). and→but
(7). many→much
(8). expecting→expected
(9).删除as
(10). the→
52.略。