最新版)初中英语语法八大时态总结

最新版)初中英语语法八大时态总结
The simple present tense is one of the eight tenses in English grammar for middle school students。

It has three forms: affirmative。

negative。

and interrogative。

In the affirmative form。

we use the subject followed by the base form of the verb and other elements。

For example。

"He often goes swimming in summer." "I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning."
In the negative form。

we use the subject followed by the auxiliary verb "do/does" and "not" before the base form of the verb and other elements。

For example。

"He does not like to eat vegetables." "I do not play video games."
In the interrogative form。

we use the auxiliary verb
"do/does" before the subject followed by the base form of the verb and other elements。

For example。

"Do you like pizza?" "Does she speak Spanish?"
The simple present tense is used to XXX states。

and it is often used with adverbs of frequency such as "always。

often。

usually。

seldom。

never。

sometimes。

every week (day。

year。

month…)。

once a week。

on Sundays." For example。

"He often goes swimming in summer." "I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning."
It can also be used to describe personal characteristics。

abilities。

or traits。

For example。

"All my family love football." "My sister is always ready to help others." "Ann writes good English but does not speak well."
The simple present tense can also be used to express objective truths。

natural phenomena。

or existing states。

For example。

"The earth moves around the sun." "Shanghai lies in the east of China."
Lastly。

the simple present tense can be used to express XXX future。

but only with verbs such as "start。

begin。

leave。

go。

come。

arrive。

return。

take place." For example。

"The train XXX." "XXX."
在复合句中，当主句使用一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词必须使用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。

例如：当他回来时，我会告诉他这个消息。

如果你接受这份工作，他们会跟你进一步谈论。

一般过去时态用于表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内发生的动作或情况。

常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday。

just now。

the other day。

in 1982.ago。

an hour ago。

long long ago。

the day before yesterday。

last week(year。

night。

month。

)，at the age of 5.one day。

once upon a time等。

例如：你刚才去
哪里了？几年后，她开始弹钢琴。

当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常在街上踢足球。

一般将来时的肯定句式为主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他。

在复合句中，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词必须使用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。

I'm sorry。

but there were no XXX。

I XXX.
XXX.
What are your plans for next Sunday?
I plan to go fishing.
Where is the telephone book?
I'll go get it for you.
Both "be going to" and "will" are used to predict the future。

"Be going to" suggests that there are signs that something will happen。

which is an objective n。

whereas "will" suggests that the speaker believes something will happen。

XXX.
In nal clauses。

"be going to" is used to express the future。

while "will" expresses willingness.
For example: If you are going to make a journey。

you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible。

Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.
To + verb" XXX do something.
For example: We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
Be about to + verb" means to do something immediately。

It cannot be used with time XXX indicate a definite future。

such as "tomorrow" or "next week," and is often used with time XXX "when."
For example: He is about to leave for Beijing.
Present continuous XXX:
1.Structure:
am/is/are + present participle of the verb
age:
1) It is used to express an n that is happening or in progress at the moment of speaking。

It is often used with time ns such as "now," "right now," "at this moment," "at this time," and "these days." Note: If there is a warning verb such as "look" or "listen" at
the beginning of the sentence。

the verb in the main clause is also used in the present continuous tense.
For example: We are waiting for you now。

Listen。

XXX.
2) It is used to express an activity that has been ongoing during a d of time leading up to the moment of speaking。

The n may not be XXX。

For example。

Mr。

Green is writing another novel。

(He may not be writing at the moment of speaking。

but he is in the process of writing.)
He has been thinking about this problem for the past few days。

This indicates a repeated n or a continuous state。

XXX always。

constantly。

forever。

For example。

"You are always changing your mind."
The leaves have started turning red。

indicating an ongoing process of change。

It is also getting warmer and warmer。

These are examples of verbs that express gradual change。

such as get。

grow。

e。

turn。

run。

go。

and begin。

XXX。

such as go。

come。

leave。

start。

and arrive。

can also indicate future n when used in the present continuous tense。

For example。

"I'm leaving tomorrow" and "The train is arriving soon." However。

verbs that cannot be used in the continuous
tense should not be used in this way。

There are several categories of verbs in the present perfect tense。

including sensory。

nal。

cognitive。

existential。

possessive。

and brief n verbs。

Examples of these include see。

look。

smell。

hear。

taste。

notice。

feel。

love。

agree。

like。

hate。

want。

fear。

wish。

prefer。

believe。

think。

understand。

et。

remember。

appear。

exist。

lie。

remain。

have。

own。

contain。

belong。

possess。

consist of。

accept。

receive。

admit。

decide。

promise。

give。

and finish。

The present perfect tense is used to XXX before the present。

but still have a n to the present。

It is often used with XXX such as already。

yet。

just。

before。

recently。

and lately.
XXX movie before。

Has the missing child been found yet?
In the present perfect tense。

"already" is usually used in affirmative sentences before the n verb。

after "be" or auxiliary XXX it can be placed at the end of a n to express surprise。

For example: We have already cleaned the classroom。

Have you finished it already?
XXX that something has already happened。

and in negative XXX yet。

For example: Has he found his watch yet。

No。

not yet.
Ever" means "at any time" and is often used in ns or negative sentences。

een the auxiliary verb and the past participle。

to indicate a time from the past until now。

For example: Have you ever been there。

XXX.
Never" means "not at any time" and is a negative adverb that is placed een the auxiliary verb and the past participle。

"Ever" and "not" can be combined to mean "never." For example: I haven't ever spoken to her = I have never spoken to her.
Just" means "recently" and is used in the present perfect tense to indicate that the n has just happened。

een the auxiliary verb and the past participle。

For example: He has just come back from school.
Just now" means "a moment ago" and is used in the simple past XXX。

It can be placed at the beginning or end of a sentence。

For example: He came from school just now.
For" is used with a d of time。

while "since" is used with a specific point in time。

Note that "since" is followed by a past tense time n or sentence。

For example: I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.
I haven’t seen Ping Ping since she left Shanghai six years ago。

It's XXX difference een "have/has gone to," "have/has been to,"
and "have/has been in." "Have/has gone to" means that the person
is currently on their way to a n or is there and has not yet returned。

"Have/has been to" means that the person has already been to a n and has returned。

"Have/has been in" is used to XXX in a n and is often paired with a n of time。

For example。

"She has been to
Shanghai before" means she has visited Shanghai in the past。

while "She has been in Shanghai for ten years" means she has been living in Shanghai for ten years。

The present perfect tense can also be used to XXX up to the present。

often with the use of "for" or "since." For example。

"Mr。

Wang has lived here since 1983." However。

it's important to note that the present perfect tense cannot be used with instantaneous verbs。

XXX a single n that cannot be extended over time。

Some examples of instantaneous verbs include "die," "e," and "fall asleep."
had + 过去分词
2.用法：
1）表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。

例：By the time I arrived。

they had already left.
2）表示过去某个时间或动作之前一直持续到那个时间或动作的动作。

例：I had been studying English for five years before I went to America.
3）表示对过去的猜测或假设。

例：If he had studied harder。

he would have passed the exam.
3.注意事项：
1）过去完成时强调过去的先后顺序，常与过去时连用。

2）过去完成时与过去时连用时，常用before。

after。

by the time等表示时间的词语引导。

3）在表示对过去的猜测或假设时，常用if引导条件状语
从句，主句用过去完成时，从句用过去完成时或
would/could/might + have + 过去分词。

We had hoped that you would come。

but unfortunately。

you didn't show up。

I had XXX it。

but apparently。

I was wrong。

The past perfect XXX。

formed by using "had" followed by the past participle of a verb。

is used to XXX point in the past。

For example。

"The train had already left before we arrived" or "His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here."
On the other hand。

the past continuous tense。

formed by using "was/were" followed by the present participle (-ing) of a verb。

is used to XXX at a specific point in the past。

For example。

"My family were XXX."
When I arrived。

Tom was in the middle of a phone call。

What were you doing at 9:00 am yesterday。

Note: (1) When introducing a time clause with "when," the main clause should be in the XXX while another was in progress。

For example。

"When he called me。

I was having dinner."
2) When introducing a time clause with "while," the ns in the main clause and the time XXX at the same time。

"While" can be translated as "when。

at the same time." For example。

"Tom was doing his homework while his sister was watching TV."
Verbs that indicate movement。

such as come。

go。

arrive。

leave。

start。

begin。

and return。

can be used in the XXX an n that was about to happen in the past。

For example。

"She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday."
XXX an n that was going to XXX。

this "future" time will never extend to the present。

and is limited to the past time frame。

Therefore。

sentences in this tense often have a time adverb or phrase indicating a specific past time。

This adverb or phrase can
be a short phrase or a whole XXX is often used in the following ways:
1.Structure
a) would/should + base verb
b) was/were going to + base verb
age
1) To indicate an n or state that was going to happen in the future from a certain point in the past。

This is often used in the object clause or indirect speech when the main clause is in the past simple tense。

For example。

"He said that he would finish his work before 9 o'clock."
2) XXX n in the past。

"would" is the only n。

For example。

"XXX trouble。

we would help him."
3) XXX past。

often used in negative XXX.
XXX。

XXX。

They were aware that we would never allow such a XXX
Even after XXX had ended。

the audience refused to leave。

1.XXX XXX still growing now。

2.I have come to see Miss Mary。

3.He is XXX。

4.If you listen carefully。

you will understand the report well.
5.They had learned about eight hundred English words by the end of last term.
6.It was difficult to see the road clearly because it was raining.
7.n。

please。

There is going to be a football game een China and Korea this evening.
8."What does your sister like doing in her spare time?" "XXX."
9."When did Jessy get to New York?" "Yesterday."
10."How clean the bedroom is!" "Yes。

I am XXX has cleaned it."
11.My friend is waiting for me。

I have to leave now.
12.Be sure to let Tom know the XXX.
13.I XXX?
14.- Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening。

(2009·Shandong Weihai) - No。

he has returned to England。

He will be back next month.
15.- Who has won the first prize in the n。

(2009·Shandong Yantai) - Henry has won it。

He has had it for a week.
16.- Is this the place that you have visited。

(2009·XXX) - No。

I've never been there before.
17.It is raining outside。

You'd better take an umbrella with you。

(2009·Jiangxi)
18.- Can I help you。

(2009·Jiangxi) - I bought this watch
here yesterday。

but it doesn't work.
19.I used to love this film when I was young。

but now XXX.
20.---How was your trip to the ancient village。

---。

We went to a museum of XXX.
21.—Where is Peter。

—He is XXX.
22.---Hello。

Can I speak to Mr。

White。

---Sorry。

he isn't here right now。

He has gone to the theme park.
23.---Have you finished your drawing。

---Not yet。

It will be done in a few minutes.
24.She has worked as an animal trainer since 2003.
25.They invited her to the party。

so she was very happy.
26.Mr。

Green was talking to the manager now。

It would be better to call him later.
27.Prison Break is the best American TV show that I have XXX.
28."Alice。

please turn down the TV," I said as I was talking on the phone。

"Oh。

sorry," she replied.
29."Where are the Greens?" I asked。

"Well。

they have gone to England。

They have been there for almost a week now," the person replied.
30.The teachers had left the office for a few minutes when we arrived。

so we didn't get to meet them.。