大学英语精读第1册unit1教案

⼤学英语精读第1册unit1教案
College English One
-- Intensive Reading 1
College English(I) Teaching Group
Department of Foreign Language Teaching and Research Yangtze Normal University
Unit 1 Some Strategies for Learning English
Intensive reading
Objectives：1. Understanding the main idea
2. Understand the structure
3. Learn related terms
4. Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text.
5.Conduct a series of speaking and listening task based on the text
Teaching focus：1.Learn to understand the strategies for English Leaning
2. The understanding reading skills
Pre-reading Tasks
1．Warming up activities
Pair work/ group work: students work in pairs or groups to discuss their opinions about the following topics.
1. When did your story of learning English start off?
2. Do you enjoy learning English? Why?
I enjoy learning English, because I find it very interesting. First, in my opinion, English is
a beautiful language, including its pronunciation and shape. I enjoy speaking and listening to it.
3. Do you have any trouble learning English?
4. Do you think it useful to learn English with the help of some strategies?
5. What strategies do you think can be employed in English learning?
6. What do you think is the most effective way of learning English?
As far as I am concerned, seeing English movies is the most effective way of learning
English. I choose those movies that I have great interest in, such as cartoons. For each movie, I
will see at least three times—without subtitles, with Chinese ones and with English ones. And at
the same time speak loudly after the characters. Though enjoying movies, I make considerable progress in English.
2. Information related to the text.
English as an International Language
Worldwide over 1.4billion people live in countries where English has official status. One
out of five of the world’s population speaks some English. Over 70% of the world’s
scientists read English. About 85% of the world’s mails written in English, and 90% of all
information in the world’s electronic retrieval systems is stored in English.
Language learning strategies
Language learning strategies are used by learners to complete speaking, reading, vocabulary,
listening and writing activities presented in language lessons. Recognizing that there is a task to
complete or a problem to solve, language learners will use whatever strategies they possess to
attend the language-learning activity.
Possible language learning strategies include: using practice opportunities, self-evaluation, selective attention, time management, reviewing notes taken in class and checking one’s understanding, constantly seeking answers to questions instead of passively receiving information, etc.
Active vocabulary and passive vocabulary
Active vocabulary consist of the words you use frequently and comfortably in speaking and writing, while passive vocabulary consists of the words you recognize when you read and listen. Input-output balance theory in language learning
Input in language learning refers to information read, seen or heard by the learner, while output refers to what the learner produces in writing and speaking. The input-output balance theory in language learning believes that one can learn a language well through maintaining a
balance between input and output.
English is not Real English.
Skimming and scanning
Global Reading
1. Parts division of the text
Part Ⅰ(Paras. 1-2) Introduce globally that while learning English is not easy, there are still
some helpful strategies.
Part Ⅱ(Paras. 3-8) Introduce six helpful strategies in detail.
Part Ⅲ(Para. 9) Conclude that language learning is a process of accumulation.
2. Summary
Learning English is not easy, but there are still some useful strategies that we can use to make it easier. The text introduces six strategies concerning vocabulary, idioms, listening, speaking, reading and writing, and these strategies cover the basic and important points in English learning. The text also tells us that language learning is a process of accumulation. It is worthwhile for us to take in as much as we can from reading and listening and then put them into practice through speaking and writing.
3. Decide whether the following statements about the text are true or false.
1) Language learners should memorize all the new words. (F)
While active words demand constant practice and memorization, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance.
2) It’s impossible to cram too many words into your head at a time.(T)
3) he meaning of a word and the way native speakers use it are equally important.(T)
4) Listening to English occasionally will improve your ear and speaking skills. (T)
5) It’s important to catch every detail in English listening comprehension. (F)
The first time one may not catch a great deal, but with each repetition one will get something more.
6) Language learners do not find many opportunities to practice oral English at school.(T)
4. Discourse Analysis
A strategy refers to a set of carefully planned methods for achieving something that is difficult and may take a long time. In introducing some strategies, the author adopts the structure of Problem—Strategy within a paragraph to show us the problems in English learning and then proposes strategies to solve
5. What strategies do you think can be employed in English learning?
Suggested Strategies:
Make your own oppotunities for practice in using the language inside and outside the classroom.
Specific ways:
1)ask your teacher questions before, during and after class.
2)speak to a foreigner
3)listen to an English radio program.
4)watch an English movie.
5)read an English article on the Internet.
6)use English software.
While-reading Tasks
Text Learning
1.Explain the skill of skimming and scanning
2.Ask student to skim the text to have a general idea about the text.
3.Underline the difficult words and sentences and answer the questions on page 7
4.Expalin the text
5.Ask students to sum up the good habit mentioned in the text and learn them by heart in the class.
/doc/441b44ebf4335a8102d276a20029bd64783e6290.html nguage points and structure
New words and expressions
1. strategy: n. the act of planning and managing operations over a long period.
Example: It’s a long way for our government to develop a strategy for dealing with unemployment.
★tactic: n. 战术tactical: adj. 战术的
strategy: n. 战略strategic: adj. 战略的
Our strategy is “to pit one against ten”, while our tactic is “to pit ten against one”. 我们的战略是“以⼀当⼗”，我们的战术是“以⼗当⼀”。

2. means: n.(of sth/doing sth) way of doing or achieving sth
by all means: used to say that you are very will for sb to do sth
Example: “Do you mind if I have a look?” “ By all means.”
by no means / not by any means: not at all
Example: She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.
3. diligent, hard-working, industrious
①diligent侧重于对从事的⼯作⼗分热爱，肯钻研。

主要⽤于埋头从事某项⼯作，研究
或调查等脑⼒劳动，只能形容⼈。

②hard-working常在⼝语中代替diligent.
③Industrious常⽤于⽂章中，通常指在⼯作中不浪费时间，可⽤于⼈，也可⽤于蚂蚁，
蜜蜂等动物。

4. prolong: vt.【pro-(forword向前)+long】make sth last longer
Example: The operation could prolong his life by two or three years.
prolong / lengthen
①延长：prolong (时间的延长) / lengthen(时间或空间的延长)
②（时间）延长：prolong(⼈为的延长) / lengthen(⾃然的延长)
Example: Some people have tried to find a means of prolonging life.
The days begin to lengthen in spring.
5. sustain：vt.【sus-(=sub:under)+tain(support,⽀撑)】support; maintain; endure
Example: Hope sustain him in his misery. 在不幸中是希望在⽀撑着他。

The villagers along the seacoast are sustained by fishing trade. 沿海的村民靠渔业为⽣。

6. complain: v. say that you are annoyed , not satisfied, or unhappy about sth or sb.
①complain of (doing) sth: 抱怨做某事
②complain that…:抱怨The tourists complained that the rooms were too dirty.
③complain to sb of / about sth:因为某事抱怨某⼈
◆In the race to improve educational standards, schools are throwing the books at kids. Even elementary school students are complaining of homework duty.(CET-4, 2003, 12, 阅读)在提⾼
教育⽔平的竞争中，学校将书本抛给了孩⼦。

即使是⼩学⽣也在抱怨作业任务重。

7. cram: vt. make sth to full
Example: He crammed eight people into his car.(把……塞满)
He is been cramming for his exams all week.(为应考临时死记硬背)
8. Bound: adj.
be bound to do⼀定，必定
Example: Don’t lie to her, she is bound to find out all about it.
be bound for/ to准备前往，在前往……的途中
Example: She was on a plane bound for Shanghai.
know no bounds不知限量，⽆限
Example: It seems that his desire for politival power knows no bounds.他对政治权⼒的欲望
似乎是⽆⽌境的。

9. constant：adj.
constancy: n.
1) happening regularly or all the time
Example: There was a constant stream of visitors to the house. 她的诊室不断有家长前来求助。

2) staying the same
Example: The truck was travelling at a fairly constant speed.
3) loyal and faithful
Example:He is a constant friend.
10. commit: vt.
①将……托付给
②犯（错误罪⾏等）
◆The defense lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the witnesses of the murder commited last night.(CET4, 2005, 12, 词汇)辩护律师在询问那位⽼⼈，他是上个⽉谋杀案的⽬击者之⼀。

Collocation:
commit a crime/error/ 犯罪/犯错/犯谋杀罪/犯纵⽕罪/⾃杀
murder/arson/suicide
commit (sb.) to doing (sth.) 向某⼈承诺做某事
commit oneself to (sth.) 致⼒于
commit (sb./sth.) to (sth.) 为某⼀特定⽬的⽽使⽤⼈⼒或物⼒
commit (sth.) to memory 把…记住
commit (sth.) to paper 把…写下来
commit (sth.) to flames 烧毁某物, 将某物付之⼀炬
11. acquaintance: n.
1) somebody you know a little
Example: She was a casual acquaintance of my family in Vienna.
2) knowledge of sb. or sth.
Example: He has a passing acquaintance with a lot of different subjects.
Collocation:
casual acquaintance 偶尔见⾯的⼈
make somebody's acquaintance 第⼀次见某⼈
mutual acquaintance 双⽅都认识的⼈
have a passing/nodding acquaintance with sth 对…知之甚少
∷⼀⾔辨异
He has a wide circle of acquaintances but few real friends. 他的相识甚多，但没有⼏个是真正的朋友。

He is not a friend but a business associate.他不是朋友，⽽是业务上的合作者。

12. enlarge: v. to make larger
Example: We are planning to enlarge our garden.
★enlarge / amplify / expand
①enlarge尺⼨或空间的扩⼤
Example: The photo is too small, please enlarge it for me.
② amplify⾳量或电流的增⼤
Example: His voice was amplified by means of an amplifier.
③expand范围，体积的扩⼤，膨胀
Example: Iron expands when it is heated.
13. concentrate: v.
1) give all your attention to what you are doing
Example: Mike tried his best to concentrate on his homework.
2) cause people or things to be present somewhere in large
numbers or amounts
Example: Italian industry is concentrated mainly in the north.
14. basis, base
Example: The base of a building建筑物的基础（具体）
The economic basis 经济基础（抽象）
15. opportunity, chance
∷⼀⾔辨异
It would be foolish to let such an opportunity slip, it is the chance of a lifetime. opportunity: 适逢其会，正好便利⾏事之意chance：强调其偶然性It chanced that she was in when he called.
16. detail: n.
Example: Don’t forget to start with the details, while keeping an eye on the big items.⼤处着眼，⼩处着⼿
①go/enter into details详细说明
Example: He refused to go into details about his plan.
②in detail详细的
Example: She discussed her plan in detail with her friends.
17. purchase: n. v.
Example: He worked all summer to save money for the purchase of a piano.
★purchase / buy
Purchase和buy的意思相同，但较正式，多⽤于书⾯语，常⽤短语有：purchase tax(购买税), purchase price(购买价)
18. environment:n. conditions in which people carry on a particular activity; natural world in which animals, people and plants live
Example: Young children often feel happier in the home environment.
★environment, circumstance & surroundings
①environment表⽰由周围的⼈、物等⼀切物质和精神因素所构成的环境。

Example: A pleasant working environment is of vital importance.
②circumstance通常⽤复数，表⽰对局势产⽣影响的各种条件的总和。

Example: Prisoners can only leave their cells under certain circumstances
③surroundings指环境时只可⽤复数形式，表⽰各种物体所构成的物质上的⾃然环境。

Example: He switched on the light and examined his surroundings
19. source: n.
Example: A healthy state of mind is the source of a happy life.
◆It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital source of milk.
(CET4, 2005, 12, 词汇) 据说世界上的⼀些地⽅，奶的重要来源是⼭⽺⽽不是奶⽜。

20. apart: adv. not together
Example: Heart to heart though far apart.天各⼀⽅⼼相连。

①apart from: except(-); besides(+)
Example: All the children like music apart from Bobby.(-)
Apart from being too large, the trousers don’t suit me.(+)
②tell...apart：tell the difference of the things
Example: I cannot tell these two things apart.
③ keep apart: keep the state of separating
Example: Taiwan and the mainland has been kept apart by the channel since the liberation of China in 1949.
21. motivation: n.
Example: He is intellegent enough but he lacks motivation.
◆The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their
motivation and preference.(CET4, 2006, 6, 词汇) 研究结果描绘了⼀幅关于消费者购物习惯，动机和偏好的画⾯。

Language Points
1.Learning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged
effort.(L1-2)
Paraphrase:
Although you have to work hard continually in order to be good at English, you can also make use of some learning
strategies to help you attain your goal.
2.Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are vatious helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them.(L3-5)
1) While引导让步状语从句，主句中you can employ to make the task easier是省略到关系代词that的定语从句，修饰strategies.
2) employ: vt.
①pay someone to work for you
Example: The factory employs over 2000 people.
②use a particular object, method, skill, etc. in order to achieve something
Example: The report examines teaching methods employed in the classroom.
★employ, hire & engage
①employ 表⽰⽀付薪⽔，较长期、固定地雇⽤某⼈。

Example: Hotels employ more women than men.
②hire表⽰⽀付⼀定钱额，雇⽤某⼈短期从事某项⼯作。

Example: I hired a bricklayer to build a wall on the balcony.
③engage表⽰任命、安排某⼈从事某项⼯作。

Example: The boss has engaged a new secretary.
Paraphrase:
Nevertheless, although you cannot expect to master English if you do not work hard continuously for a long time, you can use some helpful learning strategies to make the task easier.
What is the implied meaning of these two sentences?
On the one hand, the author states the fact that English learning is a very difficult task; on the other hand, the author foreshadows that some strategies are needed to help us fulfill the tough task.
3. But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowed out.(L8-10) Paraphrase:
But, actually, you should not blame your memory. If you memorize too many new words at a time, some of them are likely to be forget.
4. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how
frequently they occur in everyday use. (L10-12)
1) 本句中的主语是what you need to do，是由what引导的主语从句，⽽how frequently they occur in everyday use是由how引导的从句，做according to的宾语。

to deal with是动词不定式作表语。

Example: Your health is what we really care about。

2）Occur:happen
Example: Pattern: It occurs to somebody to do (sth.).
It never seems to occur to my children to contact me.
我的孩⼦们似乎从来想不到和我联络。

5.While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. (L12-14)
1）主⼲：Words require just a nooding acquaintance. While引导两个让步状语从句，主句中的that do not often occur in
everyday situations是定语从句，修饰words.
2) What does the author mean by “a nodding acquaintance”?
This phrase is used as a metaphor. An acquaintance refers to someone we know slightly but who is not a close friend. So we only nod as a greeting when we see him or her. This interpersonal relationship is used to interpret the attitude we should hold to words that do not often occur in everyday situations.
Paraphrase:
We should often practice the use of active words, those which frequently occur in everyday use, and learn by heart those useful words, while we only need recognize those words which occur less frequently in everyday situations.
6. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.(L20-21)
1) 本句⽤not only…but also连接了两个并列的名词性结构作动词短语的宾语，第⼆个结构中存在⼀个定语从句the way in which native speakers use it in their daily lives，省略了in which。

2) not only...but also...
Example: Not only the mother but also her children are sick.
7.Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. (L22-23)
1) Listening to English是动名词短语作主语，两个位于由关联词组not only...but also...连接。

2) on a regular basis: often and according to a set frequency
Example: I write to him on a regular basis.
3) ear：uses single form, means “the sense of hearing or the ability to identify the sounds”Example: She has a very good ear for music.
4) What can we infer from the sentence?
Example:Listening practice is contributive to the development of both listening and speaking skills. Paraphrase:
Listening to English every day will not only develop your linsing comprehension, but also help you practice your speaking. 8. In addition to language tapes especially prepared for your course, you can also listen
to English radio broadcasts, watch English TV, and see English movies. (L24-26)
1) in addition to: used to add another piece of information to what has just been said
in addition to表⽰“除…之外”，后接具体事物；in addition 在句中作状语，表⽰“此外”。

例如：这家公司提供廉价的因特⽹访问服务。

此外，还做免费的共享软件。

Example: The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes free shareware. 9. The first time you listen to a taped conversation or passage in English, you may not be able to catch a great deal.
1) catch: v.
①get and hold; capture and seize
Example: The kids were throwing and catching a frisbee down on the beach.
②see (sb.) doing (sth.)
Example: I caught him reading my private letters.
10. It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language. (L30-32)
1) 本句中是由but连接两个并列句，It is true…but…相当于although引导的让步状语从句。

前⼀个分句中的it做形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，其中包含where
引导的定语从句，修饰school。

2) 本句可改写为：Although there are few situation at school where you have to communicate
in English, you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language.
11. After you have made a purchase in a shop or finished a meal in a restaurant and paid the check, pretend that all this happened in an English-speaking country and try to act it out in English. (L45-47)
在本句中after引导时间状语从句，主句中有两个谓语动词，分别是pretend和try, that all
this happened in an English-speaking country做pretend的宾语。

12. It pays to absorb as much as you can from reading and listening and then try to put
what you have learned into practice through speaking and writing. (L60-62)
1) 本句中it做形式主语，真正的主语是后⾯的两个不定式：to absorb…and try to put…，
put后⾯是由what引导的宾语从句。

2) pay: v. give money in exchange for goods or services; bear a cost or penalty
Example:He paid the bill.
Collection:
it pays to do (sth.) 做某事是⼤有益处的
pay attention to 注意
pay tribute to 赞颂
pay a call/vist to 拜访
pay off 付清
pay out 付出
Paraphrase:
It is worthwhile for you to master knowledge as much as possible from reading and listening, and then try to put what you have learned into practice through speaking and writing.
Study and practice
The exercise on P7-16
Reading Activity
Basic reading skill 1—How to read a text
It is available to read a comprehension passage at least twice: the first time, to obtain a general impression of the text, and then a second time to concentrate on the important details.
Sometimes a third reading is necessary—to check items that caused difficulty.
Guided Writing
PartⅠ: Combinations: Using Connectives
1. A Brief Introduction
1)Connectives refer to words that can join parts of a sentence or different sentences. They
are necessary for the establishment of logical relations in an essay.
2)Connectives are divided into two kinds：
①coordinating connectives(⽤于连接平⾏的词，词组和分句)
and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, nevertheless, for, hence, as well as, both…and…, not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…, (and)then…
②subordinating connectives(⽤于引起从句)
after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, although, though, if, even if, unless, because, than, that, whether, so that, as soon as, as if, as though, so…that…, such…that…, now that, for…
PartⅡ: Paragraph Writing
Write a paragraph of about 120 words stating how you plan to develop your listening comprehension and speaking ability at college. Begin the paragraph with the topic sentence: “One’s listening comprehension and speaking ability grow by practice.”
2. Dictation
Reading is the most useful skills one should acquire. Consider how much time the average student spends every day reading books, newspapers, letters and so on. Eighty-five percent of university work, it is estimated, needs reading . In fact, the better you read, the more you will succeed in your studies.
3. Exercises: (25 min)
Do exercises in V ocabulary, Word Building, Structure, Cloze, Reading Activity, and Guided Writing after class.
II Extensive Reading
1. Reading Tasks: Extensive Reading Unit 1-2
III Listening and Speaking
Listening Task: Focus Listening and Speaking unit 1-2
Unit 2 Sailing Round the World
Ⅰ.Lead-in
Many people have travelled round the world, but no one else has done it the way Sir Francis Chichester did. A British adventurer, he travelled round the world alone in a small yacht called “Gipsy MothⅣ”in spite of the fact that he had lung cancer. This text tells us briefly what happened to him on his voyage, one of the greatest seafaring exploits of all time.
Ⅱ. New words
1. single-handed: adj. & adv. (done) by one person alone
Example: Mary accomplished the task by her single-handed efforts.
The job cannot be done single-handed. 这个⼯作⽆法由⼀个⼈独⾃完成。

★这是⼀种以形容词或形容词短语⽤作状语的语法现象，其作⽤类似⾮限定性定语从句，表⽰某种增补的意义。

它们通常⽤来说明主语的状况，例如：
The man opened the letter, nervous.
The sun rises in the east, red.
The soldier fell down, dead.
但它们也可⽤来说明宾语的状况，如
He writes his characters large
We drink it hot.
She pushed the door open.
2. solo: single-handed [△chorus:合唱]
[助记]sole solo
●Love is a chord in life, not a solo.(Beethoven) 爱是⼈⽣的和弦，⽽不是孤单的独奏曲。

（贝多芬）
3. lung: n.
Example: Smoking can cause lung cancer.
At the top of one’ s lungs⽤最⼤声⾳
Collection: heart(⼼) liver(肝) kidney(肾) spleen(脾) stomach(胃)
4. determined: adj. with one’s mind firmly made up
be determined to do / about doing sth: have a strong will to (do)
Example::He is determined about giving up smoking.
Columbus was determined to prove that India could be reached by sailing west.
★be determined to do sth. & make up one’s mind to do sth.
be determined to do sth. 侧重某⼈的决⼼。

make up one’s mind to do sth. 则强调某⼈打定主意，不再动摇。

Example: At last we made up our minds to tell her the truth.
★determine; decide
Determine决⼼⼤，意志坚决，任何时候都不动摇。

Example: Mr. Black determined to maintain his position at all costs.
Decide表⽰经过考虑在⼏种可能中做出选择的决定。

Example: He decided to go on Monday instead of Tuesday.
5. retire: vi.【re-(back)+tire(累):（累回）家中】stop working at one’s job.
1) give up one’s job because of old age
Example: He thinks it lucky to retire at full salary. 虽然已近65岁，马莉还不想退休。

2) go away; withdraw
Example: The soldiers had retired 25 miles from the frontier.
3) go to bed
Example: I have a habit of retiring early and getting up early.
6. voyage:
n. a long journey (by sea, by land or through outer space)
Example: The sailor will make a voyage to Austrilia.
vi. go on a (sea) journey; sail
Example: Sir Frances Drake was the first man who voyaged around the world.
★voyage, journey, travel & trip
①voyage在现代英语中通常指较长距离的⽔上航⾏，但也可指空中航⾏。

Example: In those days, the voyage to Australia was long and dangerous.
②journey是⽐较正式的⽤语，通常指陆地上的远⾏，没有回到原出发地的含义。

Example:At first I was afraid the long journey would be too much for her.
起初我担⼼她受不了长距离的旅⾏。

③travel的单数形式泛指旅⾏这⼀⾏为或过程，⽽要表⽰某次具体的旅⾏时，通常⽤复数，⽽且通常指到远⽅作长时间的旅⾏。

Example: Her interests are politics, music, and travel.
④trip通常指较短距离的旅⾏，但在较通俗、随便的⽤法中可代替journey。

Example: Did you enjoy your trip to Shanghai? Collection:
Maiden voyage 处⼥航，⾸航
Arduous voyage 艰难航⾏
Go on/ make/ take a voyage to 去......的旅⾏
Be on a voyage 在旅途中
7. crew: n. group of people who work together on a ship or airplane
Collection: personnel全体⼈员, ⽤做复数
crew(全体船员) / staff(全体职员) / faculty(全体教员) ⽤做单数或复数
★类同family，当作⼀个整体看⽤单数，当作各成员看⽤复数
Example: The plane had a crew of 25. 那班飞机有25名机务⼈员。

The crew were busy preparing. 机务⼈员正忙着准备呢。

8. steer: vt. make (a boat or road vehicle) go in a particular direction
Example: He steered the ship carefully between the rocks. 他⼩⼼的在礁⽯间驾驶船只。

steer clear of 绕开，避开Example: The speech steered clear of controversial issues. 演说回避了有争议的问题。

★drive/ steer
When you are in control of a car, you drive it. When you direct its course, you steer it. She got into a car and drove home. She steered the car carefully through the narrow gap.
英语中“⽅向盘”的说法是“steer wheel”，⽽不是“driving wheel”
9. gale: very strong wind
Collection: breeze(微风) gale(强风) storm(暴风) gust(阵风) hurricane(飓风) typhoon(台风)
10. cover: vt.
1) pass over or travel (a certain distance)
Example: They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday.
2) place or spread sth. upon, over, or in front of (sth.)
Example: The floods covered thousands of towns.
3) hide; protect
Example: He laughed loudly to cover his fear.
11.previously: adv. before the present time or the time referred to
Example: I had posted the letter two months previously. 两个⽉前，我就把信寄出了。

12.dissuade: 【dis-(否定)+suade(劝说)；劝说不要去做→】prevent sb from doing sth
对⽐：persuade v. persuasion n. persuasive adj. [per-: thoroughly] dissuade v. dissuasion n. dissuasive adj. [dis-: not]
Tom tried to dissuade me from joining the club.
Tom tried to dissuade me out of joining the club.
13. fortunately: adv. luckily
Example: Fortunately, there was no one in the office when the fire started.
14. contact：
vt. get in touch with
Example: Do you often contact your former classmates?
n. state of touching or communication
Example: After he entered the university, he came into contact with many new ideas. Collection:
Come into contact with 接触到
Make/ establish contact with 与......取得联系
Be out of / break off/ lose contact with 与......失去联系
Be / get / stay in contact with 与......保持联系
15.nearby：
adv. close by
Example: I noticed a policeman standing nearby.
adj. near; within a short distance
Example: We stopped at some nearby shops to buy some food.
16.drag / draw / pull
Drag拖得重，动作慢
Draw动作从容
Pull 指⼀时或突然的动作。

18.accomplish: vt.
All motivation is self-motivation. Your family, your boss or your coworkers can try to get your engine going, but until you decide what to accomplish, nothing will happen.所有的激励都是⾃励。

家⼈，⽼板，同时可以尽量让你的引擎转动，但除⾮你⾃⼰决定要完成些什么，否则也不会发⽣。

★accomplish / complete / achieve
①accomplish means succeed in doing something difficult.
Example: Think of all the things you have accomplished already!
②complete means finish doing or make something.
Example: It took a year to complete the building work.
③achieve means succeed in doing sth good or getting the result you wanted, after trying hard for a long time. Example: Britain has achieved the highest rate of economic growth in Europe this year. Collection:。