f非谓语动词 (1)
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一 、动词不定式的作用 1 、动词不定式作主语 To be a good teacher was my hope. 注意：在现代英语中，经常把代词 it放在句首作形式主语，而把真正 的主语即不定式放在句末。 It took us three weeks to finish the work.
• 2、动词不定式作表语 • The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers. • Our purpose ee weeks.
• 不定式的省略 • 省略到to • You may go if you want to.
• 连词加不定式 • I asked him how to learn English.
• • • • • • •
Part2 动名词 动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。 一些固定句子：It is no use|no good|fun|a waste of time|a good pleasure doing something. There is no doing something. 如：There is no denying that she is very efficient. There is no telling what he is going to do. （2）作表语： In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
• 5、不定式作定语 • 1)、不定式用在the first、the last、the only 后作定语 • He was the first to arrive. • 2)、不定式常放在某些名词和代词后面作定 语，与被修饰的中心词有主谓关系，动宾 关系，同位关系和动状关系等。 • I am not sure which restaurant to eat at. • We are in need of nurses to look after the children. • He gave me a week to look after the children. • Their decision to give up the experiment surprised.
二、动词不定式的时态语态形式
• to go • to be going • to have gone
• to be done • 注意：1.there be 句子中，修饰主语的不定式可用主动 式代替被动式 • There is a lot of work to do this week. • 2.当不定式与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主 动式代替被动。 • We have many problems to overcome. • 动词不定式的否定为 not to do
I think that that that that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.
• 非谓语是指在句子中充当除谓语之外 其他任何成分的动词形式，不受人称 和数的限制。 • 非谓语包括三种形式，即不定式，动 名词和分词。
Part 1 动词不定式
• 在think，consider，believe，find，feel， know，declare，guess，prove，suppose， imagine等词后面，常跟“to be +adj.或n." 结构，to be可以省去。 • I consider him (to be ) my best friend.
• 动名词的形式：
• • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • •
否定式：not + 动名词 （1）一般式： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 （2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了 晚会。 （3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 （4）完成被动式： He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。 （5）否定式：not + 动名词 I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 （6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词 He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
• 3).如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,其后 要加介词. • Children use pencils to write with. • 4)"介词+which+不定式“结构 • I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people.
• 用不定式作宾语时，可用it作形式宾语，如 • I believed it wrong to tell it to her.
• 4、不定式作补语 • 常用不定式作补语的动词有：advise、 command、force、allow、encourage、 instruct、ask、entitle（给 权利）、intend、 beg、expect、invite、compel（强迫)、 forbid、like、mean、prefer、tempt（引 诱）、oblige（迫使）、remind、urge、 order、request、want、permit、teach、 wish、persuade • 某些短语vote for ,call on,count on,rely on depend on ,lng for ,wait for后跟不定式作补 语。
三、其他用法
省to的动词不定式 1.表示感觉的词如feel，hear， see,watch,observe,listen to ，look at， notice以及使役动词make ,let,have后面要 省略to.若用被动，则必须还原to. 2.前有do ,后省to What we can do is study hard. 3.用连词连接两个不定式时，省略第二个to She started to shout and cry.
3、动词不定式作宾语 She hopes to get something from the sales. 注意：常用不定式作宾语的词有:agree、fail、promise、 afford、forget、prove、arrange、guarantee、refuse、 ask、happen、resolve(决心）、attempt、hesitate、 seek、bother、hope、seem、care、learn、tend、 choose、long、threaten、claim、manage、trouble、 decide、manage、consent（同意）、neglect（忽视）、 try、offer、undertake、determine、prepare、want、 demand、plan、volunteer、determined、pretand、wish、 endeavor（努力）、proceed（继续）
否则分词必须有自己的主语这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构或叫独立主格分词的独立结构或叫独立主格在句中作状语表示时间原因条件等
Non-predicate verb
非谓语动词
• 你只闻到我的香水，却没看到我的汗水； You just smell my perfume , but did not see my sweat; 你有你的规则，我有我的选择； You have your rules ,and I have my choices; 你否定我的现在，我决定我的未来； You deny me now ,but I decide my future; 你嘲笑我一无所有不配去爱，我可怜你总是等待； You laugh at me for nothing worthy of love, I pity you always waiting; 你可以轻视我们的年轻，我们会证明这是谁的时代。梦想，是注定孤 独的旅行，路上少不了质疑和嘲笑，但，那又怎样？哪怕遍体鳞伤， 也要活得漂亮。我是陈欧，我为自己代言。 You can despise our young , but we will prove that this is whose era .Dream , is destined to travelalone,and the road to it ultimately questioned and ridiculed.But, so what?Even black and blue(遍体鳞 伤：海词注解) , but i'm also to live pretty.I'm Chen Ou.I speak for myself.
• 6.不定式作状语 • She wept to see him in such a terrible state. • They did anything in order to make money. • The problem was too complicated for us to solve. • I am only too pleased to accept your kind invitation. • We are all too willing to help you. • He is too wise not to solve the problem. • He went home only to find that his house had been stolen.
• • • • • •
• • • • •
（3）作宾语： They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。 此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it， 例如： • We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。 • 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： • enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
• （4）作定语： • He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没 有拐杖不能走路。 • Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？ • （5）作同位语： • The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个 山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。 • His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged． • 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
• 2、动词不定式作表语 • The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers. • Our purpose ee weeks.
• 不定式的省略 • 省略到to • You may go if you want to.
• 连词加不定式 • I asked him how to learn English.
• • • • • • •
Part2 动名词 动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。 一些固定句子：It is no use|no good|fun|a waste of time|a good pleasure doing something. There is no doing something. 如：There is no denying that she is very efficient. There is no telling what he is going to do. （2）作表语： In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
• 5、不定式作定语 • 1)、不定式用在the first、the last、the only 后作定语 • He was the first to arrive. • 2)、不定式常放在某些名词和代词后面作定 语，与被修饰的中心词有主谓关系，动宾 关系，同位关系和动状关系等。 • I am not sure which restaurant to eat at. • We are in need of nurses to look after the children. • He gave me a week to look after the children. • Their decision to give up the experiment surprised.
二、动词不定式的时态语态形式
• to go • to be going • to have gone
• to be done • 注意：1.there be 句子中，修饰主语的不定式可用主动 式代替被动式 • There is a lot of work to do this week. • 2.当不定式与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主 动式代替被动。 • We have many problems to overcome. • 动词不定式的否定为 not to do
I think that that that that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.
• 非谓语是指在句子中充当除谓语之外 其他任何成分的动词形式，不受人称 和数的限制。 • 非谓语包括三种形式，即不定式，动 名词和分词。
Part 1 动词不定式
• 在think，consider，believe，find，feel， know，declare，guess，prove，suppose， imagine等词后面，常跟“to be +adj.或n." 结构，to be可以省去。 • I consider him (to be ) my best friend.
• 动名词的形式：
• • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • •
否定式：not + 动名词 （1）一般式： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 （2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了 晚会。 （3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 （4）完成被动式： He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。 （5）否定式：not + 动名词 I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 （6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词 He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
• 3).如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,其后 要加介词. • Children use pencils to write with. • 4)"介词+which+不定式“结构 • I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people.
• 用不定式作宾语时，可用it作形式宾语，如 • I believed it wrong to tell it to her.
• 4、不定式作补语 • 常用不定式作补语的动词有：advise、 command、force、allow、encourage、 instruct、ask、entitle（给 权利）、intend、 beg、expect、invite、compel（强迫)、 forbid、like、mean、prefer、tempt（引 诱）、oblige（迫使）、remind、urge、 order、request、want、permit、teach、 wish、persuade • 某些短语vote for ,call on,count on,rely on depend on ,lng for ,wait for后跟不定式作补 语。
三、其他用法
省to的动词不定式 1.表示感觉的词如feel，hear， see,watch,observe,listen to ，look at， notice以及使役动词make ,let,have后面要 省略to.若用被动，则必须还原to. 2.前有do ,后省to What we can do is study hard. 3.用连词连接两个不定式时，省略第二个to She started to shout and cry.
3、动词不定式作宾语 She hopes to get something from the sales. 注意：常用不定式作宾语的词有:agree、fail、promise、 afford、forget、prove、arrange、guarantee、refuse、 ask、happen、resolve(决心）、attempt、hesitate、 seek、bother、hope、seem、care、learn、tend、 choose、long、threaten、claim、manage、trouble、 decide、manage、consent（同意）、neglect（忽视）、 try、offer、undertake、determine、prepare、want、 demand、plan、volunteer、determined、pretand、wish、 endeavor（努力）、proceed（继续）
否则分词必须有自己的主语这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构或叫独立主格分词的独立结构或叫独立主格在句中作状语表示时间原因条件等
Non-predicate verb
非谓语动词
• 你只闻到我的香水，却没看到我的汗水； You just smell my perfume , but did not see my sweat; 你有你的规则，我有我的选择； You have your rules ,and I have my choices; 你否定我的现在，我决定我的未来； You deny me now ,but I decide my future; 你嘲笑我一无所有不配去爱，我可怜你总是等待； You laugh at me for nothing worthy of love, I pity you always waiting; 你可以轻视我们的年轻，我们会证明这是谁的时代。梦想，是注定孤 独的旅行，路上少不了质疑和嘲笑，但，那又怎样？哪怕遍体鳞伤， 也要活得漂亮。我是陈欧，我为自己代言。 You can despise our young , but we will prove that this is whose era .Dream , is destined to travelalone,and the road to it ultimately questioned and ridiculed.But, so what?Even black and blue(遍体鳞 伤：海词注解) , but i'm also to live pretty.I'm Chen Ou.I speak for myself.
• 6.不定式作状语 • She wept to see him in such a terrible state. • They did anything in order to make money. • The problem was too complicated for us to solve. • I am only too pleased to accept your kind invitation. • We are all too willing to help you. • He is too wise not to solve the problem. • He went home only to find that his house had been stolen.
• • • • • •
• • • • •
（3）作宾语： They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。 此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it， 例如： • We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。 • 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： • enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
• （4）作定语： • He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没 有拐杖不能走路。 • Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？ • （5）作同位语： • The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个 山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。 • His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged． • 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。