2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：31

2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编
押题第五期（含答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
问答题
We'd rather have long waits than (A) no shifting of the scenes, and (B) all the actors on (C) the stage doing (D) nothing.
【答案】试题答案：B; with
【解析】考查独立主格。

with表示伴随状况，其结构为：with+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。

2.
单选题
Leonardo just discovered that his passport had （）three months ago.
问题1选项
A.constrained
B.abolished
C.amended
D.expired
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。

constrain意为“强迫”；abolish意为“废除，废止”；amend意为“改良，修改”；expire意为“(因到期而) 失效，到期”。

句意：Leonardo刚刚发现他的护照已经过期三个月了。

3.
问答题
The text and dialogue below (A) focus on (B) cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which (C) can create misunderstanding if ignoring (D).
【答案】试题答案：D; ignored
【解析】考查分词用法。

ignore与其逻辑主语cultural difference之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词形成。

4.
单选题
This is the world’s first accurate （）model of human heart in computer.
问题1选项
boring
B.working
C.living
D.liking
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

laboring意为“劳动的”；working意为“工作中的，运行中的”；living意为“活着的”；liking意为“喜爱的”。

句意：这是世界上第一个用计算机精确模拟的工作中的人的心脏。

5.
问答题
With (A) the word scientist we mean one who is equipped to (B) spend a lifetime for (C) the advancement of science to the best (D) of one's ability.
【答案】试题答案：A; By
【解析】考查介词用法。

with意为“和，同，具有”，此处表示“根据科学家这个词，我们说的是一个……”，因此用by（根据，按照）。

6.
单选题
His shirt factory is growing so fast that he must （）more workers.
问题1选项
A.take on
B.take up
C.take out
D.take over
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

take on意为“承担，接受，雇用”；take up意为“开始从事”；take out意为“取出，除去”；take over意为“接收，接管”。

句意：他的衬衫工厂发展很快，以至于他必须雇佣更多的工人。

7.
单选题
Those who are under 18 are not（）to join this club. 问题1选项
A.available
B.legitimate
C.capable
D.eligible
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

available意为“可获得的”；legitimate意为“合法的，合理的”；capable 意为“有能力的”；eligible意为“合适的”。

句意：18岁以下的人加入这个俱乐部是违法的。

8.
单选题
The USA has 10 percent of the total petroleum（）of the world in its own territory , and has been a major producer for decades.
问题1选项
A.reservations
B.reserves
C.potentials
D.reservoirs
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

reservation意为“预约，保留地”；reserve意为“储备（量），储藏（量）”；potential意为“潜在的，有可能的”；reservoir意为“水库，蓄水池”。

句意：美国在自己的领土上拥有世界石油总储量的10%，几十年来一直是主要的生产国。

9.
翻译题
Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by scientists but their form and function, their structures and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors and engineers using nonscientific modes of thought.
Tillie Olsen's fiction and essays have been widely and rightly acknowledged as major contributions to American literature, and her work has been particularly valued by contemporary feminists.
That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
Doctors are men who prescribe medicines of which they knew little, to cure diseases of which they knew less, in human beings of whom they knew nothing.
This was the dilemma of the rotten ruling class whose ideology had been discredited and whose power rested on lies and brute force.
Being born female and black were two handicaps Gwendolyn Brooks states that she faced from her birth, in 1917, in Kansas.
When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.
We must cheek the conclusion in practice, and should not blindly rely on such as was reached merely by calculation.
She was waiting for us, her figure defined by the light from the half-opened door. Americans who would be patriots must try to learn what it is that they have in common, what it is in the public that is worth cherishing and preserving; until they know that, their patriotism will have no more content than a bright, loud afternoon parade.
【答案】许多日常使用中的物品显然受到了科学家的影响，但它们的形状、功能、结构和外观是由技术人员、工艺人员、设计师、发明者和工程师根据非科学的思维方式决定的。

TillieOlsen的小说和散文被公认为对美国文学做出了重要贡献，她的作品尤其受到当代女性主义者的重视。

该性别比例将有利于使个体后代的数量最大化，并因此使所传递的基因复数数量最大化。

医生是指这样的一种人，他们给完全不了解的病人开自己一无所知的药物，治疗自己一窍不通的疾病。

这就是腐朽的统治阶级的进退两难的处境，他们的意识形态被抹黑了，他们的权力依赖于谎言和野蛮的力量。

1917年，Gwendolyn Brooks出生于堪萨斯州，她认为自出生起就面临着两大困难——既是女性，又是黑人。

当他瞥见一个潜在的对手时，他的本能就是用魅力和幽默来说服他。

我们必须在实践中认真对待这个结论，而不应盲目地依赖那些仅仅是通过算计而达到的结果。

她正在等我们，半开的门里透出光亮，显出她的身形。

想要成为爱国者的美国人必须努力了解他们有什么共同之处，公众中有什么是值得珍惜和保护的东西；在知道这些之前，他们的爱国情怀无非是一场自我炫耀的下午游行而已。

10.
单选题
He is holding a （）position in the company and expects to be promoted soon.
问题1选项
A.successive
B.succeeding
C.subordinate
D.subsequent
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

successive意为“连续的，相继的”；succeeding意为“以后的，随后的”；subordinate意为“级别或职位较低的”；subsequent意为“后来的”。

句意：他在公司正处于一个低级的职位，他期望能很快晋升。

11.
单选题
How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.
Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertiser show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.
What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside.
In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.
There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again. Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the "untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.
At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!
1.The author thinks that people are （）.
2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to
（）.
3.Causes of fashion are
（）.
4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes
（）.
5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?
问题1选项
A.satisfied with their appearance.
B.concerned about appearance in old age
C.far from neglecting what is in fashion
D.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion
问题2选项
A.confidence in life
B.personal dress
C.individual hair style
D.personal future
问题3选项
A.uniform
B.varied
C.unknown
D.inexplicable
问题4选项
A.uniform
B.formality
rmality
D.individuality
问题5选项
A.Care about appearance in formal situations.
B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.
C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.
D.Ignoring appearance in all situations.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。

由文章第一段中的Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受自己的现状，也很少有人敢忽视时尚潮流）可知C选项“很难忽视时尚”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。

由文章第二段中的we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment（我们将能够充满信心地认识新的人，并且能够自信地、毫不尴尬地处理每一件事）可知时尚杂志和电视广告将时尚与人的自信联系在一起，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。

由文章第三段中的Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion.（有时是方便或实际需要，或仅仅是一个有影响力的人的幻想就能建立起一种时尚）可知导致时尚变化的原因是多变的，没有特定的原因，因此D选项“无法解释的”最为恰当。

4.推理判断题。

由文章倒数第二段中的It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（不再需要像其他人那样穿衣服了。

在合理的范围内，你可以穿自己喜欢的衣服，也可以用你喜欢的方式做头发，而不是你应该做的样子，因为这是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性化，因此选D。

5.主旨大意题。

由文章最后一段中的第一句At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）可知A选项“在正式场合下需要注意外貌形象”符合题意。

12.
单选题
These figures （）no significance as they are statistically imperfect.
问题1选项
A.contribute to
B.attach to
C.conform to
D.amount to
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。

contribute to意为“有助于，贡献”；attach to意为“贴，系”；conform to 意为“符合，遵照”；amount to意为“共计，归结为”。

句意：这些数字没有任何意义，因为它们在统计上不完美。

13.
单选题
When you pack the pears, please be careful so that they won’t get （）.
问题1选项
A.bruised
B.blushed
C.injured
D.mature
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

bruise意为“撞伤，擦伤”；blush意为“脸红，羞愧”；injure意为“(尤指在事故中) 伤害，损害”；mature意为“成熟”。

句意：当你打包梨子时，请小心点，不要把梨子摩擦坏了。

14.
问答题
He argues that he would not want (A) his children have to suffer (B) hardship or not be (C) socially acceptable because of lack of money (D).
【答案】试题答案：B; to have to suffer
【解析】考查固定句型。

want sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要某人做某事”。

15.
单选题
The school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized（）.
问题1选项
A.obligation
B.conviction
C.instruction
D.presentation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。

obligation意为“义务，责任”；conviction意为“定罪，深信”；instruction 意为“授课”；presentation意为“提交，报告”。

句意：学校承诺将班级缩小，并提供更加个性化的授课。