2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：75

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Of recent inventions, it is perhaps the motor car which has our lives more than anything else.
问题1选项
A.transformed
B.transmitted
C.transferred
D.transplanted
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

transformed “转变”；transmitted “传输”；transferred “转移”；transplanted “移植”。

句意：在最近的发明中，也许汽车比其他任何东西都更能改变我们的生活。

选项A符合题意。

2.
翻译题
我们既面临难得的机遇，也面临严峻的挑战。

地区热点问题错综复杂，南北差距进一步拉大。

国际恐怖势力、民族分裂势力、极端宗教势力在一些地区还相当活跃。

【答案】We are faced with both rare opportunities and severe challenges. The hotspot issues in some regions remain complicated and thorny. The wealth gap between the North and South continues to widen. International terrorists, ethnic separatists and religious extremists in some areas of the world remain rampant. 3.
单选题
During the nineteen years of his career, France Battiate has won the ______ of a wide audience outside Italy.
问题1选项
A.recognition
B.appreciation
C.reputation
D.evaluation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

recognition “识别，承认”；appreciation “欣赏”；reputation “名声，名誉”；evaluation “评价”。

句意：在19年的职业生涯中，法国Battiate赢得了意大利以外广大读者的赞赏。

选项B符合题意。

4.
单选题
The unfair criticism left Norman quite with anger.
问题1选项
A.spellbound
B.speechless
C.silent
D.mute
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

spellbound “出神的；被迷住的”；speechless “说不出话的”；silent “沉默的”；mute “哑的”。

句意：不公平的批评让诺曼愤怒无语。

选项B符合题意。

5.
单选题
______ he’s already heard the news.
问题1选项
A.Chances are
B.Chance is
C.Opportunities are
D.Opportunity is
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定表达。

（the）chances are + 句子，这是一种口语的表达方法，表示很有可能的意思。

选项A符合题意。

6.
单选题
Many manufacturers were accused of concentrating too heavily on cost reduction, often at the______ of the quality of their products.
问题1选项
A.expense
B.exposure
C.expansion
D.expectation
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。

at the expense of “以……为代价”。

句意：很多生产商被指控过于集中在降低成本，而以产品质量为代价。

选项A符合题意。

7.
单选题
Though he wheedled and threatened, she didn’t any details of the plan.
问题1选项
A.give off
B.give away
C.give over
D.give up
【答案】B
【解析】考查词组辨析。

give off “发出（光）等”；give away “赠送，丧失；泄露”；give over “停止；交出”；give up “放弃；交出”。

句意：尽管他时而甜言蜜语，时而威胁，她没有透露计划的任何细节。

8.
翻译题
The history of ecological change is still so elementary that we know little about what really happened, or what the results were. The destruction of the European aurochs as late as 1627 would seem to have been a simple case of overenthusiastic hunting. On more complex matters it often is impossible to find solid information. For a thousand years or more the Frisians and Netherlanders have been pushing back the North Sea, and the process is culminating in our own time in the reclamation of the Zuider Zee. What, if any, species of animals, birds,
fish, shore life, or plants have died out in the process? In their heroic combat with the sea have the Netherlanders overlooked ecological values in such a way that the quality of human life in the Netherlands has suffered? I cannot discover that the questions have ever been asked, much less answered.
(1)People, then, have often been a dynamic element in their own environment, but in the present state of historical scholarship we usually do know exactly when, where, or with what effects man-induced changes came. As we enter the last third of the 20th century, however for the problem of ecological backlash is mounting feverishly. Natural science, conceived as the effort to understand the nature of things, had flourished in several eras and among several peoples. Similarly there had been an age-old accumulation of technological skills, sometimes growing rapidly, sometimes slowly. But it was not until about four generations ago that Western Europe and North America arranged a marriage between science and technology, a union of the theoretical and the empirical approaches to our natural environment. The emergence in widespread practice of the Baconian belief that scientific knowledge means technological power over nature can scarcely be dated before about 1850, save in the chemical industries, where it is anticipated in the 18th century. (2)Its acceptance as a normal pattern of action may mark the greatest event in human history since the invention of agriculture, and perhaps in nonhuman earth history as well.
【答案】1. 因此，人们在他们自己的环境中常常是一个动态的因素，但在目前的历史学术状态下，我们通常确实知道人为的变化在何时、何地或以何种影响出现。

2. 它被接受为一种正常的行为模式，可能标志着自农业发明以来人类历史上最重大的事件，也许在非人类的地球历史上也是如此。

9.
填空题
The Food and Drug Administration on Friday proposed two important rules _1_ at preventing the contamination of produce and processed foods. The _2_ rule represent a sea change in the way the agency polices food, a process that currently _3_ taking action after contamination has been identified.
Changes include requirements for better record keeping, contingency （应急的）plans for handling outbreaks and measures that would prevent the spread of contamination in the first place. While food producers would have latitude in 4 how to execute the rules, farmers would have to ensure that water used in irrigation meet certain standards and food _5_ need to find ways to keep fresh that may contain bacteria from coming into _6_ with food that has been cooked. New safety measures might include requiring that farm workers wash their hands, _7__ portable toilets in fields and ensuring that foods should be cooked at temperatures high enough to kill bacteria.
Whether consumers will _8_ bear some of the expenses of the new rules was unclear, the agency estimated that the proposals would cost food producers tens of thousands of dollars a year. President Obama requested $220 million in his 2013 _9_, but Dr. Margaret Hamburg, commissioner of the F. D. A, said “resources remain an ongoing concern.” Nonetheless, agency officials were _10_ that the new rules would protect consumers better.
【答案】1.A 2.N 3.H 4. F 5.M 6.D 7.G 8.O 9.C 10.I
【解析】1.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。

句意为：美国食品和药物管理局在周五提出了两项重要规定，__防止生产和加工食品的污染。

从选项中的动词可以判断aim针对、目的在于符合句意，aim at为固定搭配。

2. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。

由上文内容“proposed two important rules ”可判断空格部分“The __rule”。

从选项中的形容词可以判断 proposed 被提议的、建议的符合句意。

3. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。

句意为：这项规定标志着该机构监管食品的方式发生了巨大变化，目前这一过程__在确定污染后采取行动。

从选项中的动词可以判断involve包含符合句意，involve doing sth包含。

4. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。

句意为：食品生产商可以自由__如何执行这些规定。

从选项中的动词可以判断determine决定符合句意。

5. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。

由上文内容“While food producers would have……”可判断空格部分“food __”。

句意为：食品__需要找到保持新鲜的方法。

从选项中的名词可以判断producers生产者、制造者符合句意。

6. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。

句意为：食品生产商需要找到保持新鲜的方法，防止可能含有细菌的食品__煮熟的食品。

从选项中的动词可以判断contact接触符合题意，come into contact with和……接触、接触到。

7. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。

句意为：新的安全措施可能包括要求农场工人洗手，在田地里__便携的洗手间，确保食物在足够高的温度下烹饪以杀死细菌。

从选项中的动词可以判断install安装符合句意。

8. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入副词。

句意为：消费者__是否会承担新规定的部分费用尚不
清楚。

从选项中的动词可以判断ultimately最后、最终符合句意。

9. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。

句意为：奥巴马总统在2013年的__中要求2.2亿美元。

这里提到金额，因此从选项中的名词可以判断budget预算符合句意。

10. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。

由Nonetheless尽管如此可以判断空格部分需要填入一个与前文相反的态度，从选项中的动词可以判断optimistic乐观的符合句意。

10.
单选题
A joke or two always up a lecture, I think.
问题1选项
A.raise
B.loosen
C.liven
D.inspire
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

raise “提高”；loosen “放松；松开”；liven “使高兴”，liven up “使……有生气”；inspire “激发，鼓舞”。

根据关键词a lecture，可知是liven up 符合题意。

句意：我认为一两个笑话可以使课堂更有生气。

选项C符合题意。

11.
单选题
She was deeply by the amount of criticism her play received.
问题1选项
A.deported
B.deprived
C.involved
D.frustrated
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

根据关键词criticism“批评”可知，选项D符合题意。

句意：她的剧本受到了诸多批评，这使她很沮丧。

12.
单选题
The manager lost his when he found that his secretary was half hour late for work.
问题1选项
A.manner
B.mood
C.temper
D.passion
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。

lose one’s temper “发脾气”。

句意：发现他的秘书上班迟到半小时，经理发了脾气。

选项C符合题意。

13.
单选题
Although most dreams apparently happen , dream activity may be provoked by external influences.
问题1选项
A.spontaneously
B.instantly
C.automatically
D.simultaneously
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。

spontaneously “自发地；自然地”；instantly “立即地”；automatically “自动地”；simultaneously “同时地”。

根据关键信息external influence “外部影响”，可判断空格处应该填入一个与之相反的词，因此选项A符合题意。

句意：虽然大多数梦都是自然发生，但是梦的活动可能由外部影响引起的。

14.
单选题
About 5000 years ago, people in an area north of the Black Sea in southeastern Europe spoke a language called Proto-Indo-European, which is believed to be the ancestor of most European languages. These include the languages that became ancient Greek, ancient German and the ancient Latin.
Latin disappeared as a spoken language. Yet it left behind three great languages that became modern Spanish, French and Italian. Ancient German became Dutch, Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish and one of the languages that developed into English.
The English language is a result of the invasions of the island of Britain over many hundreds of years. The first invasions were by a people called Angles about 1500 years ago. The Angles were a German tribe （部落）who crossed the English Channel. Later two more groups crossed to Britain. They were the Saxons and the Jutes. These groups found a people called the Celts, who had lived in Britain for many thousands of years. The Celts and the invaders fought. After a while, most of the Celts were killed, or made slaves. Some escaped to live in the area that became Wales. Through the years, the Saxons, Angles and Jute mixed their different languages. The result is what is called Anglo-Saxon or Old English.
The next great invasion of Britain came from the far north beginning about 1100 years ago. Fierce people called Vikings invaded the coast areas of Britain. The Vikings came from Denmark, Norway and other northern countries. They were looking to capture trade goods and slaves and take away anything of value. In some areas, the Vikings became so powerful they built temporary bases. These temporary bases sometimes became permanent. Later, many Vikings stayed in Britain. Many English words used today come from these ancient Vikings. Words like “sky，” “leg，” “skill,” “egg，” “crawl,” “lift” and “take” are from the old languages of the far northern countries.
The next invasion of Britain took place more than 900 years ago, in 1066. History experts call this invasion the Norman Conquest.
1. What is the general idea of the passage?
2. Which of the following languages later developed into English?
3. Old English is the mixture of the languages spoken by the following tribes which include_____.
4. Which of the following can best describe Vikings who invaded Britain about 1100 years ago?
5. What follows the passage is most probably about .
问题1选项
A.The early history of the English language
B.The origin of the English language
C.The varieties of the English language
D.The invasions of Britain
问题2选项
A.Proto-Indo-European language
B.Ancient Greek
C.Ancient German
D.Ancient Latin
问题3选项
A.The Angles, the Saxons and the Celts
B.The Saxons, the Jutes and the Celts
C.The Angle, the Jutes and the Celts
D.The Angles, the Saxon and the Jutes
问题4选项
A.They were soldiers
B.They were merchants
C.They were pirates
D.They were sailors
问题5选项
A.the impact of the Norman Conquest on the British people
B.the impact of the Norman Conquest on the English language
C.the important events in the Norman Conquest
D.the historical figures in the Norman Conquest
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:B
【解析】1.主旨大意题。

文章主要讲述了英语这门语言的起源以及发展，因此选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。

根据文章第二段提到的Ancient German became Dutch, Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish and one of the languages that developed into English，可知选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。

根据文章第三段最后两句话Through the years, the Saxons, Angles and Jute mixed their different languages. The result is what is called Anglo-Saxon or Old English.可知选项D符合题意。

4.判断推理题。

文章第四段提到他们夺去贸易货物和奴隶，抢走任何有价值的东西(They were looking to capture trade goods and slaves and take away anything of value)，由此可推测他们是海盗，选项C符合题意。

5.判断推理题。

文章第二段和第三段分别讲述了两次侵略对于英语这门语言的影响，最后一段提到the next invasion，由此可推测接下来会讲述这次侵略对语言的影响，因此选项B符合题意。

15.
单选题
Competition, many people believe, the national character rather than corrupt it.
问题1选项
A.enforces
B.confirms
C.intensifies
D.strengthens
【答案】D
【解析】than决定了这里的corrupt(腐坏，破坏)与空格处的词相对，所以空白处应填入D，表示“加强”的意思。

句意：很多人相信竞争会加强民族性格而不是破坏它。