福建省福州格致中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷

福建省福州格致中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英
语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Marie Curie is well-known all over the world. However, perhaps you have not heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams(1860- 1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson(1907- 1964)
If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O'Connor(1930- present)
When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks(1913- 2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil--rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in.” said Parks.
1．What is Jane Addams famous for in history?
A．Her social work.B．Her teaching skills.
C．Her efforts to win a prize.D．Her community background.
2．What is the reason for O'Connor's not being able to find a job in the law firm?
A．Her lack of proper training in law.B．Her little work experience in court.
C．The discrimination against women.D．The poor financial conditions. 3．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?
A．They are highly educated.B．They are truly creative.
C．They are pioneers.D．They are peace--lovers.
Fairs and theme parks never seem to lose their attraction. My kids love them as much as I do. Not everyone will agree with me though. My wife is terrified of anything more exciting than the merry-go-round. So why do I love Blackpool’s Big One while she goes white on hearing the word “rollercoaster(过山车)”？
According to psychologists, it comes down to something called a “Type T” personality. Type T’s are thrillseekers who welcome the uncertainty of activities that most people would find hairraising. It seems some of us enjoy the physical sensations associated with fear: the adrenaline(肾上腺素) rush and the beating heart. Scary rides make us feel alive. Terrifying experiences encourage a sense of excitement once we’re back on solid ground though we only enjoy them, experts say, when we’re within a “protective frame” that assures us that deep down, we’re still safe.
Recent research has found certain genes(基因) which may be responsible for those of us with Type T personalities. Biochemists have separated a gene called DRD4 which seems more common in rollercoaster lovers like me.
New technologies have allowed engineers to design coasters that change speeds quickly,shoot up hundreds of feet into the air and make all sorts of twists. Research suggests that extreme fairground rides tend to appeal particularly to those of us who lead stressful, structured or controlled lives. It’s certainly true that roller coasters are a way of breaking out of the humdrum(乏味的) expectations of everyday life. Theme parks allow us to act like children again, to experience true excitement and behave a little wildly. Where else as an adult can you scream at the top of your lungs and throw your arms in the air without being sent for psychological evaluation?
If you’re looking for a great place this summer where you can get in touch with your inner risktaker, head for the nearest theme park. It’s a scream!
4．What can we learn about the author’s wife?
A．She gets excited easily.
B．She fears extreme rides.
C．She loves Blackpool’s Big One.
D．She rarely disagrees with the author.
5．What do people with Type T personalities tend to do?
A．Put their lives at risk.
B．Stay energetic all the time.
C．Avoid the “protective frame”.
D．Enjoy adventurous experiences.
6．What has recent research revealed about the Type T personality?
A．It is genetically determined.
B．It is common among people.
C．It is caused by living separately.
D．It is a result of a physical disorder.
7．What’s the main reason why the author appreciates extreme fairground rides?
A．They help relieve stress.
B．They are technologically designed.
C．They contribute to parent kid relationships.
D．They are a replacement for psychological evaluation.
“You’re so smart!” This encouraging response to children’s math performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time.
Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses.
For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children’s math performance and their math beliefs and goals. Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their math motivation and achievement.
The results show that parents who view math ability as changeable are more likely to give process responses focused on their children’s strategy use and efforts. rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents who believe math ability is
unchangeable and that math failure can’t be constructive give more person responses. Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses. While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics — in particular, related to failure —are more likely to avoid harder math problems. exhibit higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests.
Because person responses predict poor math adjustment in children over time, researcher suggest parents limit this type of responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to. respond in person or process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about math ability may not be enough. Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of math might be a more effective way to strengthen motivation. 8．Which of the following is an example of process response?
A．You are a lucky dog.
B．Running is in your blood.
C．What works well for your study?
D．Why are you such a math genius?
9．What can be inferred from the study results?
A．Parents prefer to give more process responses.
B．Children are more likely to be affected by math anxiety.
C．Process responses help with children’s math achievement.
D．Person responses can discourage children from learning math.
10．What do researchers advise parents to do?
A．Limit person responses.
B．Defend their own beliefs.
C．Stress children’s performance.
D．Ignore children’s math problems.
11．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Math Helps
B．The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math Matters
C．Responses to Enhance Children’s Math Performance
D．Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Math
Have you ever taken a personality test and found the results to be scarily accurate, checked your horoscope and had everything come true or taken an online quiz that told you precisely what your favorite Disney princess means about you? Well, we certainly have done so too many times, so we decided to do a little investigation into how Internet -quizzes, magazines and horoscope books seem to know us so well.
We discovered that we’ve all been falling victim to the Barnum effect. The Barnum Effect is the phenomenon that occurs when individuals believe that personality descriptions apply specifically to them, despite the fact that the description is actually filled with information that applies to everyone. It was named after P. T. Barnum, a famous 19th century showman, who would famously say, “There’s a fool born every minute.”
Indeed, Barnum proved to be right, as pseudoscience —such as astrology and personality tests — remains popular to this day. The Bamum effect explains why extremely general statements, such as the results of your personality test, seem so specific to you. Don’t believe us? Well, late psychology professor Bertram Forer offered some proof.
In a historic study, Forer conducted a personality test to his students. Forer copied statements such as “You have a great need for other people to like and admire you.” and “You have a tendency to be critical of yourself.” from the newspaper’s horoscope column and gave a test to every student. Forer asked his students to rate the accuracy of the test from one to five, with “one” being the least accurate and “five” being the most accurate. The average rating was 4.26. The universally high ratings from students on the personality test supported the Barnum effect.
One of the most important factors when reproducing this study is to keep the statements as vague as possible, with a mix of mostly positive and some negative content. For example, using the phrase “at times” makes for a powerful Barnum Effect. See “At times you are outgoing and sociable, while at other times you are shy and reserved” who would not agree with that statement?
So, keep in mind that we are not immune to the Barnum effect. Take everything you hear with several grains of salt.
12．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?
A．To present a controversial opinion.B．To provide an example of an idea.
C．To offer a solution to a problem.D．To define the meaning of a term.
13．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．Potential application of the Barnum effect.B．Further explanation of the Barnum effect.
C．Supporting evidence for the Barnum effect.D．A reasonable doubt of the research process.
14．Why do so many people believe the statements in horoscope and personality tests?
A．They are so specific.B．They are unclear.
C．They are positive.D．They are believable.
15．How is the passage organized?
A．Phenomenon—analysis.B．Cause—effect.
C．Problem—solution.D．Claim—counterclaim.
二、七选五
Most of us associate awe (敬畏) with something rare and beautiful: nature, music or a spiritual experience. But people can waken awe too, and not just public heroes. Research shows that we can be awed by our nearest and dearest — the people sitting next to us on the couch, chatting on the other end of the phone, looking back at us over Zoom. 16 Often, interpersonal awe is a response to life’s big, sweeping changes, such as witnessing a baby’s first steps. 17 John Bargh said he was “truly awestruck” — by his 5-year-old daughter while dining in a McDonald’s. When she heard another child crying, she grabbed the toy from her Happy Meal, walked over to the boy and handed it to him.
Though we can’t make someone else behave in a way that’s awesome, we can prepare ourselves to notice it when they do and boost the emotion’s positive effects.
Question your assumptions. Do you believe your partner is insensitive or your sibling is selfish? There may be a little truth to that, but it’s never the whole tale. 18 To increase your chances of feeling awed by the other person, ask yourself what’s going on in his or her life that you don’t know about.
Name awe when you see it. Speaking out “Wow, that was awesome!” is a simple way to help you identify and remember a special experience. Savor (品味) it in the moment and then tell others about it. This will reinforce your positive emotions. 19 Studies show that you will feel awe again simply by remembering an awe experience.
20 This makes the other person feel good and can give your relationship a boost. And it will help you too: Studies show that people who practice gratitude have significantly higher levels of happiness and psychological well-being.
A．Thank the person who awed you.
B．And recall it or write about it later.
C．Psychologists call this interpersonal awe.
D．It’s easy to forget that it can be awesome too.
E．But interpersonal awe does happen in smaller moments.
F．Here’s why you should recognize those moments of interpersonal awe.
G．The story you tell yourself gets in the way of catching people at their best.
三、完形填空
Natalie and Callie, both 13 years old, started raising monarch butterflies for fun in 2020.
23．A．management B．assessment C．selection D．destruction 24．A．lived off B．kept off C．broke down D．gave away 25．A．partly B．secretly C．rarely D．specially 26．A．attracted B．protected C．monitored D．trapped 27．A．employ B．educate C．force D．limit 28．A．meant B．cost C．changed D．hurt 29．A．dry B．medical C．healthy D．wild 30．A．pleasing B．light C．long D．disappointing 31．A．project B．concept C．schedule D．assignment 32．A．concerned B．connected C．finished D．occupied 33．A．chemicals B．time C．funds D．energy 34．A．quoted B．continued C．replied D．commented 35．A．donations B．support C．patience D．efforts
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
involvement.
五、根据首字母填写单词
字母单词拼写)
47．Jack suffered from depression as a c of too much pressure from work, which gave all of us a warning. (根据首字母单词拼写)
48．Students are encouraged to develop c thinking instead of accepting opinions without questioning them. （根据首字母单词拼写）
49．P senior high school students from using mobile phones on camps is, without doubt, beneficial to their long-term development. (根据首字母单词拼写)
50．Glaciers move in a way that’s not v to the human eye. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
词拼写)
52．Humans have an (内部的) clock that controls the beating of our heart, the pace of our breathing and many other body functions. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
53．The key to becoming more (高效的) is the ability to sort out priorities and focus on one task at a time. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
54．The two pictures are similar，although not (相同的). (根据汉语提示单词拼写）55．Ken gave me an (尴尬的) smile when I asked where he had been. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
七、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子
八、汉译英（整句）
66．不管你走哪一条路，花的时间都差不多。

(whichever)(汉译英)
67．他们在分析他们面临的问题时发现这并不像他们预期的那样简单。

(while引导的状语从句的省略,analyze) (汉译英)
68．去国外教汉语这个想法特别吸引我。

(appeal to)(汉译英)
九、英译汉（整句）
69．Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. (英译汉)
70．Travelling to cold, dark, and remote Arctic Circle in mid-winter can be fascinating especially for those looking for totally different experiences.(英译汉)
十、其他应用文
71．假如你是李华，校英文报现征集西溪湿地公园的介绍稿，请你写一篇文章投稿。

包含以下要点：
1．公园概况
2．公园吸引人之处
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear friends,
Welcome to Xixi National Wetland Park!
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