初中英语 语法指导转述直接引语为间接引语“四忌” 专题辅导

初中英语语法指导：转述直接引语为间接引语“四忌”专题辅导一忌句型混杂。

如：
1.He said,"If we don't work hard we won't be able to pass the exam."
误：He said if they didn't work hard they wouldn't be able to pass the exam.
正：He said that if they didn't work hard they wouldn't be able to pass the exam.简析：陈述句变间接引语时，多用连接词that引导一个宾语从句，而且这个连词that常可以省略。

但如遇if, when, where等引导状语从句时，that不宜省略，否则会与一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的间接引语混淆。

2. She said to us, "He isn't a teacher, is he?"
误：She said to us that he wasn't a teacher, was he?
正：She asked us whether / if he was a teacher.
简析：反意疑问句变为间接引语与一般疑问句一样，用if或whether来引导宾语从句，并且主句中的said (to)要改成asked，选择疑问句也是如此。

3.They said to us,"How do you go to school?"
误：They told us that how we went to school.
正：They asked us how we went to school.
简析：特殊疑问句应用原来的特殊疑问词来引导宾语从句，不能重复用that了，并且主句中的said(to)要改为asked,而不像陈述句那样改为told。

另外，感叹句的变化形式与特殊疑问句相同，但主句多用claimed等表示感叹的动词。

4.The mother said to the son, "Never throw your things about."
误：The mother said to the son never throw his things about.
正：The mother told the son never to throw his things about.
简析：祈使句由直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的动词常由原来的say 酌情改为tell,ask, order, advise, beg, warn等动词。

否定形式的祈使句变为间接引语时，要将don't变为notto, never用never to。

经过以上几个实例的讲解，现在你记住了吗：
陈述句→that从句
一般、选择、反意疑问句→if / whether从句
特殊疑问句、感叹句→what/how /when / where/ who/ whose/ which/ why从句祈使句→tell/ask/order/advise/beg/ warn someone (not/never) to do sth.
二忌变化不同步。

如：
5.He asked the boy, "What does your mother do?"
误：He asked the boy what did his mother do.
正：He asked the boy what his mother did.
简析：间接引语用陈述句语序，在变化过程中没有一步到位。

6.The second time I saw him, he said, "I left my hometown five years ago."
误：The second time I saw him, he told me he had left his hometown five years ago.正：The second time I saw him, he told me he had left his hometown five years before.简析：时间状语变化没有跟上。

另外，还有地点状语、人称代词或指示代词变化不同步的现象。

三忌匆忙不细。

如：
7.Mother said to my boyfriend, "Where do you live?"
误：Mother asked my boyfriend where he did live.
正：Mother asked my boyfriend where he lived.
简析：助动词是用来帮助构成疑问句的，故此处不能再用了，而谓语动词应作时态形式的变化。

8.The policeman said to me, "Please lock the car when you leave."
误：The policeman asked me to lock the car when I leave.
正：The policeman asked me to lock the car when I left.
简析：直接引语中祈使句的从句不能受其主句变为不定式用原形动词影响而忘了变化时态。

四忌变化机械。

如：
9.The policeman asked, "What's wrong?"
误：The policeman asked what wrong was.
正：The policeman asked what was wrong.
简析：直接引语中的what为主语，be应在其后。

10.The old man says, "The road is too bad."
误：The old man says that the road was too bad.
正：The old man says that the road is too bad.
简析：间接引语主句的谓语动词是一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时或一般将来时says/is saying/have said /will say that,从句用原来的时态，不作改变。

11.She said, "Light travels faster than sound."
误：She said that light traveled faster than sound.
正：She said that light travels faster than sound.
简析：当直接引语是表示不因时间变化而变化的科学真理或客观事实时，时态仍然用一般现在时。

12."I was born in 1984," said my friend.
误：My friend said he had been born in 1984.
正：My friend said he was born in 1984.
简析：如果直接引语中有明确的过去时间状语时，仍然用一般过去时为好。

13.They said at last, "We'd better start out at once."
误：They said at last that they had had better started out at once.
正：They said at last that they'd better start out at once.
简析：当直接引语中的谓语动词含有无过去时形式的情态动词时，不应机械地用过去完成时。