威学雅思写作 如何简单描述折线图中的波动上升？

威学雅思写作如何简单描述折线图中的波动上升？
小作文中，当碰到一些变态级的复杂图时，我们也许需要描述两种同时发生的组合变化，比如上升的同时出现巨大波动。

如何让一句话可以包涵更多相关信息，答案就在今天的推送里面。

如果想把图形的变化写清楚，需要尝试把同时发生的两种变化：波动& 上升，同时体现出来。

要描述同时发生的两段变化，我们就需要在英文句型中，找到可以表达同事发生的若干词汇和句型。

如：
…, and/ but …
although ..., …
…, which …
with …, …
…, doing …
…, when ...
…, during which ...
我们尝试描述图中总和的数据的后半段，并且为了方便，对于主语、数据、时间都进行简化：描述对象：total renewable energy consumption → total
描述内容：剧烈波动，总体呈上升
数据单位：Quadrillion Btu → QB
时间：1980 – 2010 （我们只描述后半段的波动上升）
数据：5 – 8
方法1：并列句and/ but
这是最简单直接的方法。

由于两个变化同时发生，我们可以写and。

又因为两种变化本质又不同，连词用but也合理。

The total increased from 5 qb to 8 qb between 1980 and 2010, and/ but it fluctuated violently for these three decades.
方法2：让步状语从句although/ though/ despite
“although ”，与“but ”两者意思相同，句子的侧重点不同罢了。

Although the total increased from 5 qb to 8 qb between 1980 and 2010, it fluctuated violently for these three decades.
Despite some violent fluctuations, the total increased from 5 qb to 8 qb between 1980 and 2010.
方法3：定语从句which
正好咱们这里要描述的波动& 上升，都是针对同一个对象total 的，那么，我们正好可以把其中一个作为主句，另一个用定语从句放在描述对象后面就行了。

An increase from 5 qb to 8 qb can be seen in the total, which fluctuated violently for these three decades.
Some violent fluctuations were seen in the total, which increased from 5 qb to8 qb between 1980 and 2010
方法4：With 结构
两种可能的处理方法，一种是with 后面加名词，一种可以加自带主语的分词结构。

The total fluctuated violently between 1980 and 2010, with an increase from 5 qbto 8 qb for these three decades.
The total fluctuated violently between 1980 and 2010, with the figure increasing from 5 qb to 8 qb for these three decades.
写分词结构的时候，doing 的主语其实就是total，所以不用赘述，用figure 替换即可。

方法5：现在分词doing
一个变化做主句，另一个变成doing 放在主句后面。

The total fluctuated violently between 1980 and 2010, increasing from 5 qb to 8 qb for these three decades.
方法6：时间状语从句when
两种需要合并描述的变化时间是一样的，于是when 也是可行的：当数据上升的时候，它剧烈的波动了；当数据在剧烈波动的时候，整体上升了。

When the total increased from 5 qb to 8 qb between 1980 and 2010, it fluctuated violently for these three decades.
When the total fluctuated violently between 1980 and 2010, it increased from 5 qb to 8 qb for these three decades.
方法7：…, during which …
这里的which 指代的是前面描述的整个时间段，于是，中文理解为：在此期间。

正好我们今天要处理的波动+上升，就是在其中一段变化期间，发生了另一个，所以，也是合理的。

The total fluctuated violently between 1980 and 2010, during which it increased from 5 qb to 8 qb for these three decades.
The total increased from 5 qb to 8 qb between1980 and 2010, during which it fluctuated violently for these three decades.。