客家土楼介绍（HakkaEarthBuildingintroduction）

客家土楼介绍（Hakka Earth Building introduction）
Hakka Hakka, also known as the Fujian round, is a bright pearl of Chinese civilization, is the village residence building the world the one and only the fairy tale, is a wonderful China ancient architecture, it has a long history, unique style, size and structure of sophisticated features such as independent art world Lin vernacular architecture. It is closely related to the history of Hakka people. Hakka people everywhere, the family name should always live together. The Hakka people living mostly in remote mountainous regions or dense mountains, then not only building materials Kui lack, wolves and thieves noisy, plus local people fear of harassment, the Hakka people will create a "Castle type residential buildings against". In this way, the unique architectural form of Hakka dwellings - the earth building. The earth building is mainly distributed in Longyan, Zhangzhou and other areas of Fujian province.
The soil wall and earth building is built up in the collective construction, round, half round, square, four angle and five angle, spot shape, dustpan shaped, distinctive. The earth is the first time square, a palace style mansion, style, body sizes, not only strange, and full of mystery, solid and firm. The accumulation of grain and livestock buildings; have well, if you need to resist the enemy, only the gate closed, several young guard the door, like a big strong earthen fortress, young and old women and children can sleep without any anxiety. The square Tulou has direction angle is four, dark, ventilated daylighting is different, so the Hakka people and design a good ventilation lighting, neither at the beginning and without end round the earth. In existing buildings, most notably in a circular, locally known as round or round the village.
The earth building belongs to the collective construction, its biggest characteristic is its modelling is big, regardless of from the distance or walks to the front, the earth building with its huge single style building is shocking, its volume is big, may be called the folk house most. The most common in our visit Tulou in round, its diameter is about 50 meters, three or four storey building, there were hundreds of rooms, can accommodate three, forty households, can accommodate two or three people. While large round diameter up to seventy or eighty meters, five or six floors, with four hundred or five hundred rooms, can accommodate seven hundred or eight hundred people. The vernacular architecture style from the earth building reflects the folk customs of Hakka people living together.
From the study of history and architecture, the building style of earth building is a kind of self-defense style of living which is taken from the security of ethnic groups. At the time of a Japanese invasion, in the year under the civil war situation, give family migration of Hakka people have to choose a country, is conducive to the family reunion, and the building was defense war adopted down. The descendants of the same ancestor formed an independent society in a earth building, where they lived together, shared and died. Therefore, the imperial interior is probably the most appropriate induction of the earth building.
The walls of the earth wall are thick, thin and thick, some of which are 1.5 meters. Rammed wall, dug ditch, deep and large solid in wall, buried stone base, since then with stones and mortar masonry wall. Then with rammed wall wall plate. Wall
materials by local clay clay, adding small stone and lime, after repeated mix, made of mashed, commonly known as the "mellow". Some key parts should also be added to the amount of glutinous rice, brown sugar to increase its viscosity. When ramming, the Chinese fir sticks or the bamboo pieces should be buried into the middle of the soil wall to increase their pulling force. So, after repeated hangzhu, they put up with such as steel concrete like wall, plus outside with a layer of anti rain erosion of lime, and strong anomalies, good wind, seismic capacity. According to "Yongding county" records, the earthquake of 1918, the day watchman watchman sound, which lasted 20 minutes, the night continued to shake, but still erect Tulou.
Is the local round earth building group in the most distinctive building, it with a circle of radius according to different layers, expand outward as the lake water, ring set, very spectacular. Its most central place is the family temple courtyard,
In turn outward Zutang, Wai Gallery, the outermost ring of live. The entire earthen house is of the same size, with an area of about ten square meters, and there are no secrets to use the common staircase.
There are many types of earthen structures, one is internal, three Hall along the central axis depth arrangement of its three Hall, in this earth, generally under the hall entrance, put in the front hall in the center;, family gatherings, greeting guests in the hall on the place; the inside is dedicated the memorial tablets of their ancestors.
In addition to its unique structure, the inner walls, porch, eaves and so on are also extremely ornate and exquisite, which is a wonderful work in Chinese residential buildings.
Yongding county has 360 round, square building more than 4000 seats. Especially the strange round earthen buildings, most rich in Hakka traditional colors, the most impressive.
The round earthen building is the model of Hakka residence, which is the first floor in the world. It is like a mushroom coming out of the ground, like a flying saucer from heaven".
This round consists of two or three circles, from the inside to the outside, the outer ring set, more than ten meters high, four floors, one, two hundred rooms, is a kitchen and dining room, the two layer is the three or four layer is the warehouse, two bedroom; two layers have sanwushige room, usually in a room. Is the ancestral hall, living in public places, hundreds of people inside the marriage, funeral, joy, celebration. The building there are wells, bathrooms, mills and other facilities. The use of local rammed earth buildings, reinforced concrete wall without foundation, up to three meters wide, 1.5 meters thick wall bottom to top, narrow, top wall thickness and not less than 0.9 meters. Then, along the circular outer wall, a large number of rooms are separated by wooden boards, and the inner side is a corridor.
Besides the unique function of defending the enemy, the earth building also has the characteristics of shock prevention, fire prevention, theft prevention and ventilation and lighting. As
the wall thickness is large, heat insulation, warm in winter and cool in summer.。