初中英语作文专题讲解-作文7-动物环保-学生版

Revision
中考英语作文必备的15句谚语
1. Every coin has two sides.每个硬币都有两面，比喻事物的两面性。

2. The winter is coming and the spring is not far. 冬天已经临近了，春天还会远吗
3. Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

4. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

5. Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

6. A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit. 吃——堑，长——智。

7. A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。

8Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。

9Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。

10Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

11.There is no royal road to learning. 学无坦途。

12.Look before you leap. First think, then act.三思而后行
13.More haste, less speed 欲速则不达。

14.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。

15.Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration.
天才一分来自灵感，九十九分来自勤奋。

关于学习生活作文的典型例句
1.My favorite subject is English.
2.More than three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.
3.It is used by travelers and business people all over the world.
4.China has joined the WTO and the Olympic Games will be held in China. English becomes more and more
useful.
5.So English is very important and I like English very much.
6.We have a lot of fun in the English class.
7.Our English teacher often makes us happy in the English class.
8.I hope I can go abroad one day, and then I can speak to foreigners in English.
9.I like English and try my best to learn it.
Introduction
写话评分标准（2012年）：
1.内容分8分。

内容切题，意思连贯，表达清楚完整。

2.语言分8分。

学生需用语规范，表达准确，无或少见语法错误，词汇拼写正确，句型使用
恰当。

首先是字数，少于60字的作文要酌情扣分。

3.组织结构分4分，也就是我们常说的文采分。

根据学生使用复杂句型/单词和谚语/俗语的情况来加分。

（一）内容：
7-8分内容切题，意思连贯，表达清楚、完整。

5-6分内容基本切题，意思大致连贯，表达基本清楚，但不够完整。

3-4分内容不够切题，意思不够连贯，表达不够清楚，离题目要求较远。

0-2分文不对题，表达不清。

（二）语言：
①拼写：每错扣0.5分，同一错误不重复计数。

②语法：同①
③ 标点符号、大小写：每两处错误扣0.5分，但标点符号和大小写的扣分总和均不得超过 1 分。

④语言分最多扣8分。

（三）组织结构：
①内容充实，不写废话；上下文连贯、用语规范、表达正确、无或少见语法错误；词汇和
句型句式运用恰当，多见好句型和习惯表达用语者，可给3分。

②一般情况下，要得到3分组织结构分，内容和语言积累得分在14分以上者（含）。

③ 内容和语言累积不足14分者，如文中有值得肯定的好的句型和表达，可酌情考虑给1-2 分组织结构分。

④通篇句型、句式单一。

词汇贫乏者，即使无语法错误，一般亦不给组织结构分。

（四）词数：
①词数不足30词者，得分最多不得超过9分；
②词数不足40词者，得分最多不得超过14分；
③词数不足50词者，得分最多不得超过15分；
④词数在50-59词之间者，每少5个词扣0.5分；
⑤只写出个别单词、词不成句不给分。

以2007年上海市中考英语作文为例
Write at least 60 words about the topic Things I Hate to Do ".
Use the following points as a guide.
1.What are the things that you hate to do?
2.What do you hate doing most? Why? (Give at least two reasons.)
Most of the time I do things which I enjoy. However, there are still things I hate to do.
[E档范文]
Most of the time I do things which I enjoy. However, there are still things I hate to do. I hate by bus. It hard. I get up run. I two tired.
[D档范文]
Most of the time I do things which I enjoy. However, there are still things I hate to do. I hate my parents make me do some I don't like doing. I think it's very bad. Because I found myself would disappear. How terrible it is! I want to do some I like things. Sometimes my parents make me play the piano. But I really don 't like play the piano. So my dear parents, please give me some free time!
[C档范文]
Most of the time I do things which I enjoy. However, there are still things I hate to do. I hate to go to restaurant. Many people like to go to it very much. Because there are many food in it. But I don't want eating this food. It is very bad. However, I go to eat food in restaurant. I give restaurant business money. These are my father and mothers ' money. But I don 't want to cost. So I hate to go to restaurant.
[B档范文]
Most of the time I do things which I enjoy. However, there are still things I hate to do. I hate to drink wine and waste time. But I hate smoking most! Smoking is not only harmful to our health but also harmful to other people's health. There are thousands and thousands of people died of smoking every year. If we stop smoking, our health will become better and better. So we must do our best to stop smoking. Then our world will be more beautiful.
[A档范文]
Most of the time I do things which I enjoy. However, there are still things I hate to do. Such as having a boring lesson, doing a lot of homework, and so on. Among all these things above, telling a lie is the thing I hate to do most. As we all know, everybody dislikes a person who always tells a lie. So do I. In my opinion, honesty plays an important role in everyone's life. A lie will both hurt others and yourself. What's more, if you tell a lie, you will feel shame for a long time. This is why I hate to tell a lie most.
Presentation
一、写作步骤
步骤一：审题
审题的训练对于每个学生都不陌生，我要说的是审题一定要做到五个方面：
一审主题（写什么），
审审体裁（记叙、说明、议论、夹叙夹议），
三审时态（时态中考两个扣一分，三个降一档），
四审人称（别犯低级错误），
五审内容要点（一定要在试卷中画出，免得写的时候忘记，导致跑题）步骤二：打草稿
中考一定要打草稿，两大优势
1中考不准在试卷更改，涂改带、橡皮、胶条（冏）等，而中考时落笔错误是难免的，涂改就会后卷面分，打草稿就可以避免这个情况了。

2正式写作是对草稿的在梳理，语言的在锤炼。

步骤三：正文写作
初中阶段的作文，通常都会有内容提要。

内容提要就是写作思路的提要。

因此，写作重
点和难点不是思路，而是内容的扩充和语言的正确运用。

根据内容提要，用已学的单词/词组
和句型，扩展提要的内容。

注意做到两点，一要凝练，而要变化。

文章以80字左右为宜，一定要注意使用过渡词、
从句、50个句型和词组搭配。

（详见“四、常用词组、句式”）步骤四：检查
很多学生考试都会检查，但总是不能找到自己的错误。

原因很简单，方法不对：
英语写作检查的原则：
1内容要点：缺少一个内容要点，文章直接降到第三档
2语法错误：名词查单复数和冠词问题，动词查时态语态和三单问题。

例1: Apple and peach is my favourite fruit.
改正：.
例2： My best friend Lucy like watch movie. Last Sunday, I go to cinema with she.
改正：___________________________________________________________________________ 3变换句式：过于简单的结构要试着变化
例1: I was very happy.
修改：_________________ 二、经典结构
土段”（三个段落）
无论是那种文体，都可以用三段法来表示。

这个方法的起源是来自美国的高考” SA考试，（SAT是美国或它国学生想要申请美国大学必须参加的考试，故被叫过美国的高考）。

我们管这样的文章叫做Hamburger Writing（汉堡写作）
议论文
三子
在学习扩充句子，提高写作文采和分数之前，先让我们回顾/学习句子有哪些基本成分和结构。

只有在了解句子的构成原理后，我们才能在此基础上灵活自如地进行扩充和丰富。

（一）句子成分
1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。

【注意】
若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（不定式短语）
放在句后。

2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。

【注意】谓语与
主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。

4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。

【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后
面。

5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。

单个副词作状语
一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。

【注意】enough
作状语只能放在被修饰词之后.
6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。

常用的连系动词有：
be, look, get, sound（听起来），feel, become, smell, turn, taste（尝起来）
7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成
复合宾语。

需接复合宾语的动词有：tell, let, help, teach, ask, see, have, order, make
等。

make, help, watch, let, have, hear, see等动词，接不带to的不定式（动词原形）。

宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。

（二）句子结构
通过对句子成分和结构的分析，不难发现扩句的常用办法有两种，一种是增加句子成分,
如在“主语+谓语+宾语”的基础上再增加定语和状语，另一种是改变句子结构，如把两句简单句改为并列句或复合句。

练习：
第一，增加句子成分（每空不限词数）
例1: The girl standing there is my sister.
The girl standing there is my sister.
The girl standing there is my sister.
The _______________ _ girl standing there _ _______________ i s my
_______________ ___________ sister.
例2： I like ice-cream.
I like ice-cream.
I like ice-cream .
I like ice-cream because it is .
I like ice-cream because it is and can make me feel
第二，改变句子结构（每空不限词数）
例1: The water dirty. We couldn 't drink it.
The water was dirty for us drink.
The water was dirty we couldn 't drink it.
例2： I don't believe you.
I don't believe your.
I don't believe what.
例3: Be strict in your study and you will catch up with your classmates.
You will catch up with your classmates you strict in your study
例4： She has been in this city for twenty years.
twenty years she came to this city.
另外，需要注意的是：
第一，扩充句子的前提是确保被扩充的句子的正确性。

换句话说，与其因写了一句错误的长句而被扣分，不如写一句正确的短句保证不被扣分。

例如：We should save water.（正确的简单句）
We should save water and save water is very important.（错误的并歹U句）
但是，在有把握的情况下，鼓励大家尽量多写长句，以争取文采分。

这就需要平时多积累背诵好的句型和词组，并在写作练习里经常使用。

第二，扩充句子长度的时候，要避免相同的内容重复出现。

例如：It is important for us to protect our environment.
Let's protect our environment and everyone should protect it because it is very important for us to protect environment. （太累赘了）
第三，扩充句子内容的时候，要注意不要无谓增加毫无意义的内容。

例如：We should protect our earth because it is a place where all the living things live by.
We should protect our earth because it is a place where all the living things live by. There are not only human beings but also other animals such as birds, dogs, cats, elephants, sheep, plants like flowers, grass, trees and and so on.（举例过多）
第四，不要一味以为长句子就是好句子。

好句子的关键不在于长，而在于地道和精妙。

地道指内容的表述符合母语为英语的人们的习惯表达；精妙指好的词语/句型和词组搭配。

例如：Most of people believe that there are still many things for us to do to slove the problem of environment.
It is widely believed that there is still a long way to solve the environmental problem.
由此可见，要想作文获得高分，离不开平日里坚持积累好词好句。

下面就给大家整理汇总了中考作文常用的经典词组和句式。

四、常用词组、句式
【基础版】
常用词组
all in all总的说来
and so on 等等
as a matter of fact =in fact 其实, 实际上
at present目前现在
date back to 追溯到
for the future从今以后，在今后
from now on 今后, 从现在起
in short总之，总而言之
in a word简言之、一句话、总之
in the end 最后，终于
most important of all 最重要的是
about all 首先
for one thing,for another thing 首先•一，再
者…
first of all, next then, lastly 首先，然后，最后firstly,secondly,thirdly - finally 第一，第二，第三…最后
in addition 另夕卜
in addition to 除…之外
according to 根据
as far as I am concerned 据我所知generally speaking 一般说来
What's more更多的是
therefore因此，从而
furthermore =moreover 再者otherwise另夕卜
in my opinion 我认为，我的意见是not only -but also 不但•・而且・一in spite of 不管
for example 例如♦一
different from 与..... 不同
as a result (of) 结果
in order to do 为了
There is no doubt that 毫无疑问
It is well known that 大家都知道
to tell the true 说实话
however 然而
therefore 因此
since then自从那时起as soon as 一 ................ 就 ...
thanks to多得，幸亏
常用句型：
8.表示原因
1)The reason for this is that …
2)The reason for this is obvious.
3)There are three reasons for this.
9.表示好处
1)It does us a lot of good.
2)It benefits us quite a lot.
3)It has the following advantages.
10表不坏处
1)It is harmful to us.
2)It has more disadvantages than advantages.
3)It dose us much harm.
11表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible) for sb. to do sth.
2)We think it necessary to do sth.
3)It plays an important role in our life.
12表示措施
1)We should solve the problems that we are faced with.
2)We should try our best to overcome the difficulties.
3)We should take some effective measures
6.表示变化
1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2)The computer has brought about many changes in education.
7.表示事实、现状
1)We cannot ignore the fact that...
2)No one can deny the fact that...
3)This is a case that many people are interested in.
8.表布比较
1)I prefer to reading rather than watching TV.
2)Compared with A , B..
9.表示数量
1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...
2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800 , 000. 10.表示看法
1)People have different opinions on this problem.
2)Some people believe that...Others argue that...
- •佳作赏析 【佳作一】
假定你是李华，最近你们班就低碳”生活方式进行了讨论，你的美国朋友 Jack 来信向你
询问讨论情况，请你用英语写封回信，简单参照作文地带介绍的以下讨论结果：
1 .节水节电；1
2 .垃圾分类；］
3 .少用纸巾，重拾手帕；
4 .步行，骑自行车或乘坐公交车。

参考词汇：低碳 low carbon 纸巾tissue 手帕handkerchief
注意：词数60字以上（不含开头和结尾所给出的字数 ）；可适当增加细节了，以使行文连贯； 开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Jack,
Thank you for your letter asking about our discussion on low carbon lifestyle. Here is something about it. We can do a lot in our daily life to achieve the goal of low carbon life. First, we'd better turn off lights if possible and spend less time watching TV or surfing the Internet. Saving water also matters much. Besides, we should sort out the rubbish, hoping that we might recycle some, which will surely benefit us a great deal. ln addition, we suggest using handkerchiefs instead of tissues so that we can prevent more trees from being cut down. More importantly, when we go out, walking, riding bikes or taking buses should be our first choice, which contributes to a cleaner world. Best wishes, Li Bing
好词/词组:
好句/结构:
【佳作二】
请根据以下提示，进行写作，要求字数不少于
1 .保护环境的重要性；
2 .学生在家庭中节约能源的具体做法和感想；
3 .今后的打算。

With the development of our society, energy in the world becomes more and more limited, so it is quite important for us to save energy and to protect our environment.
As a student, there are a lot of methods we can do to save energy at home. For example, first, we can turn off the light as well as other appliances when we are not using them. Second, recycle the waste water, paper and other waste so that we can reuse them. What's more, it is suggested to
Focused practice
动物环保类题材
60字。

use public transportation more instead of private cars.
Above all, everyone can make a great contribution to our environment. I hope I can learn more to develop new and clear energy, like energy from the wind and solar.
二.写作练习
【练习一】
今天环境变得越来越糟糕，环境问题影响着人们的工作，学习，生活等，而我们的工作，生活,
生产等又使环境污染越来越严重，如何保护我们的环境？!青以"How to protect/save our
environment/world?
提示：存在问题等。

要求：如何改善”为题写一篇短文。

:1.水污染越来越严重2.砍伐森林严重 3.大气污染严重 4.白色垃圾/保护环境？至少:3---4个方面, 80字左右。

―(60)—
【练习二】
6月5日（June 5）是世界环境保护日，我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重……。

假如你是学生Jone.,你校要进行“如何保护我们的环境？”专题演讲比赛。

要求：1、举例说明环境存在的问题 1 — 3方面；
2、如何保护好我们的环境，采取怎样的措施，举例1—3方面进行说明，字数80左右。

―(60)—
☆【练习三】
根据图示，写一篇80词左右的短文。

要求故事完整，句子通顺，内容与图片相符。

―(60)—
☆【练习四】
假如你是李华，准备以" What Can We Do for the Environment ” 为题，写一篇保护环境的英语演讲
稿。

内容包含：
1.在购物时用布袋子替代塑料袋；
2.尽可能地再利用使用过的课本；
3.离开教室应关灯；
4.最好走路或骑自行车上学；
5.简述理由：保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等注息：
1.词数：80词左右。

开头和结尾已经为你写好，不计入总词数；
2.可根据要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3.文章中不能出现真实姓名和校名，否则以零分处理。

4.参考词汇：布袋子cloth bag塑料袋plastic bag保护protect能源energy污染pollution 课本textbook
What Can We Do for the Environment
Hello, everyone. I'm Li Hua. It's nice to speak about what we can do for the environment,and I think
each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem.
―(60)—
In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.
Thank you for your listening!
Home Assignment
“动物环保类”作文的写作素材积累：
1.It's our duty to save water.
节约用水是我们的责任
2.As we know , water is very important to man.
我们知道，水是非常重要的人，
3.We can't live without water.
我们的生活离不开水。

4.The amount of water which is suitable to drink is less and less.
水的量是适宜的饮料是越来越少了
5.But some people don't care about it.
但有些人不关心它。

6.Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.
许多河流和湖泊受到严重污染。

Something must be done to stop the pollution.
必须采取某种措施来制止污染。

7.It"s our duty to protect our environment.
保护环境是我们的责任。

8.It is very important to take care of our environment
保护我们的环境是非常重要的。

9.We should not throw litter onto the ground.
我们不应该往地上扔垃圾
10.We should not spit in a public place/ cut down the trees.
我们不应该在公共场所吐痰破伐的树木
11.We should plant more flowers and trees.
我们应该种更多的花和树。

12.We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin.
我们必须拿起一些垃圾，扔到垃圾桶它
13.If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. 如果人人都为保护环境作出贡献，世界将变得更加美丽。

14.Trees are very helpful and important for us.
树是非常有益的，对我们很重要。

15.We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future.
我们应该种更多的树，为了生活得更好，更健康的未来。

自己的收集和补充：
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Key
1.掌握基础的写作步骤、方法和技巧
2.熟悉动物环保类题材的写作
3.在日常的生活和学习中积极积累该题材的写作素材。