Hybird Mobile Application Development
国际商务英语写作模板商业计划书
国际商务英语写作模板：商业计划书篇一：商业计划书模板---英文版精编资料商业计划书模板---英文版BUSINESS PLAN TEMPLATEBUSINESS PLAN[My Company]123 Main StreetAnytown, USA 10000123-4567[Your Name][DATE]TABLE OF CONTENTS...商业计划书商业计划书模板---英文版BUSINESS PLAN TEMPLATEBUSINESS PLAN[My Company]123 Main StreetAnytown, USA 10000123-45671[Your Name][DATE]2TABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive Summary ....................................................................................... (1)Management ................................................................................ (2)[Company] History ............................................................................................ . (5)[Product/Service] Description ................................................................................... .. (7)Objectives....................................................................................... . (9)Competitors ................................................................................. .. (10)Competitive Advantages ................................................................................... . (11)Innovation ..................................................................................... . (13)Pricing ............................................................................................ .. (14)Specific Markets .......................................................................................... . (15)Growth Strategy .......................................................................................... . (16)Market Size and Share ............................................................................................... . (17)Targeting New Markets .......................................................................................... .. (18)Location ......................................................................................... (19)Manufacturing Plan .................................................................................................. (20)Research &Development ............................................................................... (21)Historical Financial Data ................................................................................................. .. (22)Proforma Financial Data ................................................................................................. .. (23)Proforma Balance Sheet ............................................................................................... . (26)Cost Control ........................................................................................... (27)Effects of Loan or Investment .................................................................................... . (28)Attachments ................................................................................. . (29)3Executive Summary [My Company] was formed asa [proprietorship, partnership, corporation] in [Month, Year] in [City, State], by [John Doe] in response to the following market conditions:[Startup, growth] opportunities exist in [Product/Service].The need for use of efficient distribution (转载于: 小龙文档网:国际商务英语写作模板：商业计划书)and financial methods in these overlooked markets.[I/We] have several customers who are willing to place large [orders,contracts] within the next three months.Several other prospective [customers/clients] have expressed serious interest in doing business within six months. [I/We] previously owned a company that was active in the widget markets. Over the past few years I spent much time studying ways to improve overall performance and increase profits. This plan is a result of that study. The basic components of this plan are:1. Competitive pricing2. Expand the markets3. Increased advertising4. Lower our unit costs,5. Thereby achieving higher profits.1. Sign contracts2. Increased advertising3. Increase office staffTo this end, [I/we] need investment from private individuals and/or companies. A total of $XXX is being raised which will be used to finance working capital, plant and equipment. The company will be incorporated and common stock issued to investors. The company will be run as a [proprietorship, partnership, corporation].Financial Goals Sales Net Income Earnings pershareYear 1 $25,000 .01 Year 2 $250,000 .12 Year 3 $375,000 .141Management[Name] [Title]??[Experience]??Sales growth from zero to $1,000,000 in five years.??Led market in market share - 30%.Formulated advertising budgets & campaigns.Pioneered new distribution channels. Established national sales force.Established national repair & service centers.Brought new and innovative products to the market.Designed point-of-purchase materials.[Education}University of BostonBoston, MA- Computer SciencesPresidentJohn Q. Doe, Chief Executive Officer, and Director since February 1988 and President since January 1990. Mr. Doe was the founder and Chief Executive Officer of the original operating company known as Random Excess, Inc. He has had experience in the widget field with his own firm, John Doe Co., of Oshkosh (Wisconsin), from 1980 to 1987. This firm was sold to FatCat Widgets, Inc. in 1987.篇二：商务英语写作(商业计划书写作格式)商务英语写作:商业计划书写作格式XX-03-24 13:39:08 来源：爱词霸资讯官网封面(Title page)企业的名称和地址Name and address of business负责人的姓名和地址Name(s) and address(es) of principals企业的性质Nature of business报告机密性的陈述Statement of confidentiality目录(Table of contents)1. 概述/总结(Executive summary)2. 行业及市场分析(Industry analysis)对未来的展望和发展趋势(Future outlook and trends)竞争者分析(Analysis of competitors)市场划分(Market segmentation)行业预测(Industry forecasts)3. 企业的描述(The description of the venture)企业的宗旨和目标（Mission statement and objectives）产品或服务的描述(Description of the product or service)企业的规模(Size of business)产品的进一步开发(Future potential/product development)竞争优势(Competitive advantage)办公设备和人员(Office equipment and personnel)创业者的背景(Backgrounds of entrepreneurs)4. 生产计划(Production plan)制造进程/被分包的数量(Manufacturing process / amount subcontracted)选址(Location)厂房(Physical plant）机械和设备(Machinery and equipment）原材料的供给情况(Sources of raw materials to be supplied)生产能力和提高的可能性(Output limitations，if any，and scale-up possibilities）质量控制计划(Quality control plans)5. 营销计划(The marketing plan)定价(Pricing)分销(Distribution)促销(Promotion)产品预测(Product forecasts)预见的涨价(Anticipated mark-up)竞争对手的反映(Competitors’response)市场份额预测(Market share projection)控制(Controls)6. 组织计划(Organizational plan)所有权的形式(Form of ownership)合作者或主要股权所有人的身份(Identification of partners or principal shareholders)负责人的权利(Authority of principals)管理层成员的背景(Management team background)组织成员的角色和责任(Roles and responsibilities of members of organization)7. 风险与对策分析(Assessment of risks)企业弱点的评价(Evaluate weakness if business)新技术(New technologies)应急计划(Contingency plan)8. 财务计划(Financial plan)各类业绩比率和投资回报(Summary of performance ratios, ROI etc.)销售预测(Sales forecasts)财务预测的假设(Assumptions underpinning financial forecasts)损益表(Income statement / Profit and lossstatement)预测现金流量表(Cash flow projections)资产欠债预估表(Pro forma balance sheet)量本利分析(Break-even analysis)资金来源和运用(Sources and applications of funds)9. 融资需求(Financing requirements)融资前的活动小结(Summary of operations prior to financing)此刻的股东和未付债款(Current shareholders, loans outstanding)资金需要量及时间(Funds required and timing)投资回报(The deal on offer)资本欠债比率和盈利与利息比率(Anticipated gearing and interest cover)投资者退出方式(Exit routes for investors)附录(Appendix)1. 管理人员简历(Management team biographies)2. 职业咨询人员背景(Names and details of professional advisors)3. 技术参数和图纸(Technical data and drawings)4. 专利、版权、设计等(Details of patents,copyright, designs）5. 审计的报表(Audited accounts)6. 信件(Letters)7. 市场调研数据(Market research data)8. 租约或合同(Leaser or contracts)9. 供给商的报价单(Price lists from suppliers)10. 客户的定单(Orders from customers)篇三：英文商业计划书模板英语商业计划书（Business Plan）第一讲：概述第二讲：现状分析第三讲：目标肯定第四讲：组织结构第五讲：产品分析第六讲：市场分析第七讲：市场策略第八讲：生产分析第九讲：财务分析第十讲：附件第一讲：概述(executive summary)概述是整个商业计划的第一部份，相当于整个商业计划的浓缩，使整个商业计划的精华所在。
智慧广电背景下融媒体播视系统设计
I G I T C W技术 研究Technology Study20DIGITCW2023.10智慧广电作为一种新兴的媒体传播形式，是信息化、数字化和网络化的产物[1]。
在智慧广电背景下，融媒体播视系统成为了广播电视服务的核心[2]。
融媒体播视系统是一种将多种媒体形式整合起来的播放系统，它可以同时播放视频、音频、图片等多种媒体形式，实现了对多种媒体资源的有效利用[3]。
然而，现有的融媒体播视系统设计还存在一些问题，主要表现在以下几个方面：系统性能有待提高、资源分配不合理、用户体验不佳、维护成本较高[4]。
针对这些问题，本文提出了一种新型的智慧广电背景下的融媒体播视系统设计方案。
通过设计一种适用于智慧广电的融媒体播视系统架构，实现信号源获取与处理，再对信号传输与终端显示进行优化，最终通过测试实验验证了以上系统设计的可行性。
1 系统框架设计随着科技的进步，融媒体播视系统逐渐从传统的模拟技术向数字化、网络化、高清化方向发展[5]。
本文对融媒体播视系统的框架设计主要包括信号源获取、信号处理、信号传输与终端显示三个方面，如图1所示。
作者简介：谢兵旺（1980-），男，汉族，湖北武汉人，本科，研究方向为广电领域系统研发、构建、集成。
智慧广电背景下融媒体播视系统设计谢兵旺（北京冠华信达科技股份有限公司，北京 100160）摘要：智慧广电是一种新型的广播电视服务，它将传统的广播电视节目与新兴的互联网、移动通信技术相结合，以更加高效、智能的方式提供广播电视服务。
文章以智慧广电背景下融媒体播视系统为研究对象，通过对现有技术的分析，提出了一种新型的融媒体播视系统设计方案。
该系统设计包括系统架构、信号源获取与处理、信号传输与终端显示等多个方面，通过测试实验验证了本设计方案可提升播视系统的性能，实现高效、智能、便捷的广播电视服务，提高观众的观看体验。
关键词：智慧广电；融媒体播视；系统设计doi：10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-7274.2023.10.007中图分类号：TN 948.1，TP 3 文献标志码：A 文章编码：1672-7274（2023）10-0020-03Design of Integrated Media Broadcasting System in the Background of SmartRadio and TelevisionXIE Bingwang(Beijing Guanhua Xinda Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100160, China)Abstract: Smart radio and television is a new type of broadcasting and television service that combines traditional broadcasting and television programs with emerging internet and mobile communication technologies to provide broadcasting and television services in a more efficient and intelligent manner. This article takes the design of integrated media broadcasting and viewing systems in the context of smart broadcasting and television as the research object. Through analyzing existing technologies, a new design scheme of integrated media broadcasting and viewing systems is proposed. The system design includes multiple aspects such as system architecture design, signal source acquisition and processing, signal transmission and terminal display. Through testing and experimental verification, this design scheme will improve the performance of the broadcasting and television system, ultimately achieving efficient, intelligent, and convenient broadcasting and television services, and improving the viewing experience of the audience.Key words:smart radio and television; integrated media broadcasting; system design图1 融媒体播视系统框架图DCWTechnology Study技术研究21数字通信世界2023.10信号采集器主要对HDMI 、SDI 、DVI 、光纤等各种渠道输入的信号进行采集，并对采集后的信号进行编码压缩，同时检测信号质量，初步处理后的信号由信号源处理服务器进行信号质量优化、格式转换、码率调整、分辨率缩放等信号调整，调整完成的信号经过调度后传输至终端进行展示。
高通 骁龙 835 移动硬件开发套件 (87-PD100-1 Rev B) 使用手册说明书
Camera Card ConnectorsWiGig ModuleSensor ExpansionHDMIPower SwitchType C USBAudio CardConnectorsVolumeAMOLED 5.5" display with T ouch PanelJTAGAPQ8098 ProcessorCard NFC ExpansionSolution HighlightsMaterials are subject to change without notice.87-PD100-1 Rev BComprehensive and expandable development and evaluation kit for the Snapdragon 835 Mobile Platform.The Snapdragon 835 Mobile Hardware Development Kit provides an open-frame solution for technology companies tointegrate and innovate devices based on the Snapdragon 835 Mobile Platform.The Snapdragon 835 Mobile Hardware Development Kit is a feature-rich Android development platform that is designed to provide an ideal starting point for creating high-performance mobile devices and applications based on the Snapdragon 835 Mobile Platform. The kit includes the hardware, software tools and accessories needed to immediately begin your mobile development work.With an advanced 10-nanometer design, the Snapdragon 835 Mobile Platform can support phenomenal mobile performance. It is 35% smaller and uses 25% less power than its predecessor and is engineered to support exceptionally long battery life, lifelike VR and AR experiences, cutting-edge camera capabilities and Gigabit Class download speeds.The Snapdragon 835 mobile development platform is designed to provide original equipment manufacturers (OEMs),hardware/software vendors, developers and engineers with next generationsoftware technology and tools to accelerate development and testing of devices.Kit ContentsProcessor Card wtih APQ8098 Mini-ITX carrier board GNSS card12V AC power adapter Battery (optional) Charger USB cableSetup guideDisplay Adapter Card is an additional accessoryDevelopment PlatformQualcomm Snapdragon and APQ8098 are products of Qualcomm T echnologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.Snapdragon 835 Processor CardThe Snapdragon 835 Processor Card measuring 60mm x 70mm is where all the processing occurs. It is connected to the carrier via two 240-pin high speed board-to-board connectors. A top side heat sink and a bottom side heat conductive metal plate provide thermal protection.The Processor Card provides the basic common set of features with minimal integration effort. It integrates the following: Snapdragon 835 (APQ8098) mainapplication processorLPDDR4X up to 1866MHz 4GB RAM (POP) PMi8998 + PM8998 – PMIC forPeripheral LDOs, Boost RegulatorsWCN3990 Wi-Fi+ BT+ FM combo chipover SLIMbus, Analog IQ, UART, PCM128 GB UFS 2.1WCD9341 Audio Code Dimensions170mm x 170mm Mini-ITX CPU Quad-core Qualcomm® Kryo™ 280 CPU64-bit ARMv8-compliant processor at up to 2.2GHz GPU Qualcomm® Adreno™ 540 GPUOpenGL ES 3.2, OpenCL 2.0 Full, Vulkan, DX12 DSP Qualcomm® Hexagon™ 682 DSP Memory and Storage4GB LPDDR4X PoP memory128GB UFS 2.1 Connectivity Wi-Fi: 802.11a/b/g/n/ac 2.4/5GHzBluetooth 5.0 + HS (backward compatible)GNSS (GPS/GLONASS/COMPASS/GALILEO) Camera Support3x MIPI CSI with support for 3D camera configuration Display2x MIPI dual 4-lane DSI + touch panel Multimedia HDMI 2.0 output - supports up to 4K UHD(3840 x 2400 at 60fps)and HDMI 2.0a (4K60)/ 4K30 Miracast I/O Interfaces1x PCIe, 1x JTAG, HDMI 2.0, 1x USB 3.1 Type C,1x USB 2.0 micro-B, 3x MIPI-CSI, 2x MIPI dual 4-lane DSI 4x Expansion headers for additional features (NFC, sensors etc.) LED3x General purpose LED, PMIC driven Battery 4.35V/3000mAh Operating System Android 7 Optional Accessories Display: 5.5” AMOLED LED (1440 x 2560)with PCAP Touch PanelCameras: 8M FF, Single 12M 2PD, Dual 12M+13M OZ+OIS SpecificationsWCN3990, WCD9341, PMi8998, PM8998, Qualcomm Hexagon, Qualcomm Adreno and Qualcomm Kryo are products of Qualcomm T echnologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.©2018 Qualcomm T echnologies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Qualcomm, Snapdragon, Hexagon, Kryo and Adreno are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. 0318AT o learn more visit:。
科技的变化英语作文
The rapid evolution of technology has been a defining feature of the modern era, transforming the way we live,work,and communicate.From the advent of the internet to the rise of artificial intelligence,technological advancements have brought about significant changes in various aspects of our lives.Here is a detailed look at how technology has changed over the years and its impact on society.The Digital Revolution:The digital revolution began in the late20th century with the proliferation of personal computers and the internet.This period saw the birth of digital communication,online shopping,and the creation of digital media.The internet has democratized access to information,allowing people from all walks of life to access vast amounts of knowledge at their fingertips.Mobile Technology:The advent of mobile technology has been perhaps one of the most transformative changes in recent history.Smartphones have become an extension of our daily lives, integrating communication,entertainment,and productivity tools into a single device. The rise of mobile apps has further expanded the functionalities of these devices,making them indispensable in both personal and professional settings.Social Media:Social media platforms have revolutionized the way we interact with one another.They have created new avenues for communication,allowing us to connect with people across the globe instantly.This has also led to the rise of influencers and the digital economy, where individuals can build personal brands and businesses through their online presence.Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning:AI and machine learning have opened up new frontiers in automation and data analysis. From selfdriving cars to virtual assistants,AI is becoming an integral part of our lives. Machine learning algorithms are used to predict trends,analyze consumer behavior,and even assist in medical diagnoses,making our lives more efficient and informed. Ecommerce and the Sharing Economy:The rise of ecommerce has changed the retail landscape,making it possible for consumers to purchase goods and services online.This has led to the growth of the sharing economy,where platforms like Uber and Airbnb allow individuals to share resources and services,disrupting traditional business models.Cybersecurity:As technology advances,so do the threats associated with it.Cybersecurity has become acritical concern for individuals and businesses alike.The need to protect personal and financial information has led to the development of sophisticated security systems and protocols to safeguard against cyber threats.Environmental Impact:While technology has brought about numerous benefits,it has also raised concerns about its environmental impact.The production and disposal of electronic devices contribute to pollution and the depletion of natural resources.This has led to a push for sustainable technology practices and the development of ecofriendly alternatives.Education and Remote Work:The COVID19pandemic has accelerated the adoption of remote work and online education.Technology has enabled students and professionals to continue their studies and work from home,highlighting the importance of digital literacy and the need for reliable internet access.Healthcare Advancements:In healthcare,technology has led to breakthroughs in medical research,diagnostics,and treatment.Telemedicine and wearable technology have made healthcare more accessible and personalized,allowing for remote monitoring and treatment.Ethical Considerations:The rapid pace of technological change has also raised ethical questions about privacy, data ownership,and the potential for misuse of technology.Society is grappling with how to balance the benefits of technology with the need to protect individual rights and maintain social equity.In conclusion,the changes brought about by technology are multifaceted,affecting every aspect of our lives.As we continue to embrace new technologies,it is crucial to consider their implications and strive for a future where technology serves to enhance our lives in a responsible and sustainable manner.。
英文版人力资源管理咨询工作汇报工作总结报告PPT
Customer Care & Insight
Integrated Risk Management
COGNOS Banking Risk Performance – Credit Risk
COGNOS Risk Adjusted Profitability Blueprint
IBM Service Management for IRM
Representative Industries
Electronics Chemicals & Petroleum High-Tech Manufacturing
Automotive
The market has requested: More standardised
Today
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solutions, easy to integrate and more service oriented
Enterprise Marketing Management
MarketinCgoPmrmoecrecses & Demand Generation Solutions
Industry
Industry Frameworks & Industry Assets
Including: Energy and Utilities Retail Government/Defense Manufacturing Health Integration Media
Banking Extensions for Common Shared Services MDM Server
pureXMLTM Payments Bundles
Corporate Payments Scenario
Eaton Hybrid General Introduction-JH
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伊顿混合动力系统介绍－混合动力系统示意图
Battery 电池
Inverter/Controls 逆变器及其控制装置
Hybrid Drive Unit 混合动力驱动系统
Engine 发动机
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Clutch 自动离合器
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90多台配有伊顿混合动力系统 的联邦快递车E-700投入使用
UPS订购50套配有伊顿混 合动力系统的箱式货车
UPS orders 50 Eatonpowered Hybrid Vans
伊顿混合动力系统配套Peterbilt公共事业车
Eaton Hybrid Peterbilt Utility truck
• 车辆性能参数
• 确定车辆的动力性能指标 • 仿真检验 • 最终确定动力总成参数
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• 元件采购 • 样车建造 • 控制开发/调试 • 实验测试 • 公告申请 • 培训 • 路试 • 产品化
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混合动力开发一般流程
联邦快递项目竞标 FedEx Competition
伊顿赢得联邦快递的订单 Eaton Wins FedEx Competition
设计检验与核实 Design Measured & Validated
美国能源部和国家可再生能源 实验室新一代研发项目
DOE/NREL Next Generation R&D Program
伊顿公司密切关注行业 发展，技术进步及客户 需求
移动通信技术发展-English
1 IntroductionAs is known to all, mobile communications began its development in 1980s. Now the growth rate of mobile communications has surpassed that of fixed network, and has got a great popularity. Up until now, the total number of mobile users has exceeded 400 million in the world, and people's demand in this respect is pushing forward the further development of mobile communications. Mobile communications thus far have undergone two generations, i.e., the 1G analog system in the 1980s and the 2G digital narrowband system in the 1990s. In recent years, with the broadband technology popping up as a promising solution in wireless communications, the mobile communications system is evolving toward the so-called CDMA-based and broadband 3G. This paper just sets out to deal with mobile-related technologies and explores their development.2 GSM vs. CDMAThe 1G analog system corresponds to Frequency Division Multiple Access technology (FDMA), which provides a bandwidth of 9.6kbit/s. The typical 1G systems include AMPS in US, NMT in Nordic countries and TACS in the UK. The 2G digital system mainly refers to the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), both of which provides a transmission rate of 9.6～28.8kbit/s. Typical 2G systems include GSM in Europe, the digitally enhanced IS-136 in North America, CDMA One IS-95A, IS-95B and PDC in Japan. Compared to 1G, the 2G system is stronger in privacy protection, spectrum efficiency, applications and standardization. Both 1G and 2G are designed to meet voice communications needs, which will remain the cornerstone and mainstay business at present and in the near future, and digital voice communications will keep its prevalent position in the mobile market. This is especially true for developing countries, where people's demand for communications is still focused on voice. So in the next few years, 2G will remain a pillar business in the mobile market in suchlike countries.3 Mobile Intelligent Network (IN)The growth of mobile communications is intensifying the expectation of operators and users to expand the range of services. In a development perspective, the communications network in the future will surely be a broadband, intelligent and personalized one. So the network architecture of 2G GSM and CDMA systems will gradually evolve to an intelligent one, and the IN concept is to be introduced into the mobile network. By adding IN-related functional modules the mobile network will be empowered to provide more new services in an easy manner so as to meet the ever-increasing and changing user demands. The IN functional modules corresponding to GSM and CDMA networks are CAMEL (Customized Applications for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic) and WIN (Wireless Intelligent Network) respectively. It is worth noting that the CDMA system in North America is applied the ANSI-41D protocol. In order to support intelligent services, a series of WIN protocols are defined based on the signaling structure and service flow of the ANSI41D protocol, including IS-771, IS-826 and IS-848. All those protocols will be ultimately integrated into the ANSI-41E protocol, which is to be an all-IN-based core network protocol. While CDMA wireless IN is in progress in North America, the ETSI is driving theapplication of intelligence on the GSM network by working out mobile IN protocol series to provide CAMEL service for GSM users. CAMEL adopts the IN service control function and provides a mechanism to enable the GSM network to offer services independent of the service network. Intelligence, personalization and broadband represent an irreversible trend of future communications. This will surely serve to speed up the perfection and development of the mobile IN technology.4 GPRS vs. CDMA2000 1xWith the explosive growth of Internet in the world, the mobile data service is on rise in usage. That is why we are convinced that in the mobile world data traffic will at last exceed voice one. However, to build the 3G system that is targeted at future multimedia communications, there is still a long way to go. So how to make use of the existing 2G system to transmit data is a necessary task for us to fill in the market gap. Analysts believe that most of the 3G features can be neatly realized via the current 2G technology, especially given that the demand for mobile data communications is a by-product of the soaring growth of mobile communications and the Internet. There are two approaches for that purpose. One is to add data transport capability in the voice-dominant cellular mobile communications system; the other is to combine mobile communications with the Internet. By doing so a number of technologies were produced, e.g., the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), the Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE), the IS-95B aggregation technology, the CDMA20001x technology, the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), Bluetooth and so on. Among them, GPRS and CDMA2000 1x, especially GPRS (a GSM-based packet switching technology), are attracting much attention and of special practical significance to China.GPRS is launched to cater to the soaring growth and increasing integration of GSM and the global Internet market. It provides GSM operators an important platform for them to expand service portfolio from solely voice to integrated information services, thus laying a foundation for the GSM transition to 3G. In that sense it is dubbed as “the propeller of future 3G market”. GPRS is characterized by the following: a) it provides end-to-end packet data transmission from wireless part to wireline part. On the wireless part, voice and packet channels can be allocated on demand in an dynamic way to make an effective use of the frequency resource; b) it provides higher access rate for users (115kbit/s) and less access time; c) it provides SMS, WAP and existing data services in a more effective manner; d) its bottom layer is based on TCP/IP, making it able to be seamlessly connected to the Internet; e) it supports billing according to time of usage and traffic; f) With the wide GSM coverage, it provides anytime anywhere data access;g) by taking GPRS it is not necessary to incur major changes to the GSM equipment. Most of the experts believe that GPRS is a 2.5G system that stands between GSM and 3G. In the wake of GPRS and if GSM operators have no 3G spectrum, they can make use of EDGE to bring up the rate to above 384kbit/s that is quite close to the level of 3G system. If operators have 3G spectrum by then, they can directly translate GPRS into 3G.Similar to GPRS as a stopgap means, CDMA2000 1x is a standard for the narrowband IS-95 system to evolve to 3G. It provides data rates of up to 144kbit/s and introduces supportive channels,thus able to carry multiple data traffic and services for one single user. This has laid a good foundation for supporting various multimedia packet services in the future.5 3GIn the past years, the 3G system has been mainly driven by three factors. Firstly, very few 2G spectrum is left for use － actually not more than 100MHz, and the spectrum efficiency is not satisfactory. In addition, with the non-stop launching of new data services, the capacity in hot areas of cities or countries is yet to be sufficient. In comparison, the 3G system needs only a bit more than 230MHz with a high spectrum efficiency, a wide coverage and better performance, thus able to solve the current service deployment bottleneck. Secondly, with the acceleration of the informatization process, people are raising more demands for mobile data services. Although 2G can also generate certain data services, due to the bandwidth limit, multimedia data services like the Internet, E-commerce, high-speed data, moving pictures and VOD can not be fully deployed. In that regard, 3G can tailor different applications to provide access rates from 9.6kbit/s to 2Mbit/s, thus satisfying such user demands. Thirdly, the globalization has made it urgent to put in place a universally unified mobile communications terminal to realize global roaming. However, the multi-mode air interface and the network equipment of 2G make it hard to fulfill such a requirement. So we can count on the 3G system to bring into shape a unified mobile terminal for us to roam around at our will.At this point of time, the ITU mainly recognizes three kinds of 3G standards, i.e., the US-advocated CDMA2000, the WCDMA proposed by Europe and Japan and the TD-SCDMA from China, which are all featured by high spectrum efficiency, wide coverage, satisfactory performance and adaptability to broadband multimedia communications. On top of that, the standards also have their own technical characteristics.The core network of WCDMA is based on GSM-MAP, which makes it able to operate on a core network that is based on ANSI-41 via network expansion. The system can gradually evolve from 2G GSM system, and support transmission of multiple parallel services on one link. It also supports high-speed packet access and has adopted a more flexible operation mode, including the support of asynchronous operation between base stations, adaptive antenna array, multi-user detection, the adoption of TD duplex in an unbalanced band and the adoption of frequency multiplexing within one cell.The core network of CDMA2000 is based on ANSI-41. The system leverages wireless interfaces of direct spectrum spread CDMA technology and complies with or even over-satisfying all ITU requirements. The system is empowered with an advanced media access control to support high-speed data services in an effective way. Meanwhile, it is capable of exerting an advanced multimedia OoS control and supports differentiated QoS control. The system can also well handle the priority issue between competing services. It can flexibly select voice, voice/data and data modes according to environment and requirements, and support both distributed and centralized packet data services. It can also choose to adopt independent packet control and signaling for voice transmission and support FDD duplex and TDD duplex. Besides that, the systemsupports forward multi-carrier structure and orthogonal direct spectrum spreading with flexibility and scalability, and the evolution from CDMAOne is no difficult. It can also employ technologies such as auxiliary pilot, orthogonal diversity and multi-carrier diversity to improve the system performance.Based on GSM, TD-SCDMA adopts the intelligent antenna and low code rate technology to achieve a high spectrum efficiency, thus making it good at easing the short supply of frequency resources in densely populated areas. Also, the system exhibits an eminent advantage in asymmetric mobile data transmission like the Internet surfing and multimedia services such as VOD. The base station antenna consists of an intelligent array, which can automatically decide and track the location of the handset and ensure that the transmission beam is pointed to the direction where the handset heads, thus bringing down the transmission power of base stations. The uplink signal can synchronize with the base station demodulator, thus reducing the interference between code heads, simplifying the hardware structure and cutting back on the cost. Also, TD-SCDMA is equipped with the software radio technology. When operators plan to add new services, the software on the same hardware platform can be used to process the baseband signal. Meanwhile, different services can be realized by loading different sorts of software. Plus, the base station in the system leverages a highly integrated and cost-effective design. Last but not least, the TD-SCDMA system is compatible with GSM.After years of research work on 3G, especially taking into account the first two objectives, we must say that substantial progress has been made. Whereas, generally speaking, the 3G system is still in the stage experiments. Only a few individual systems have been commercialized thus far.One of the important features of the 3G standard is an emphasis on evolution. To ensure operator benefits, the Europe-originated GSM system started by the narrowband 2G voice service, then evolved to data communications, namely, the 2.5G GPRS service currently being deployed. The next stage will be broadband data communications. In this evolution process, the telecommunications technology is growing at a fast pace. Five years ago, nearly all textbooks classified broadband into ATM-based ISDN. However, nowadays the broadband network is already closely linked to an all-IP protocol. Whereas, 3G is still A TM-based, that is why people thought they were on the wrong path and the European 3G-WCDMA standardization organization 3GPP tried to work out further standards for evolution to an all-IP network. The standard currently in force is Release 99 (the 1999 version), which is not based on IP. Then there was Release 2000 (the 2000 version). Later, Release 2000 was found to be too complex. So two further steps were made: first Release 4 (version 4) and then Release 5 (version 5) before going all the way up to an all-IP network. Such a standardization process probably will take 3 to 5 years of time. Due to this, telecos are now prudent in commercializing 3G. Even if the above technical problems concerning 3G is resolved, there are still some unavoidable obstacles in the way of spreading 3G applications. Firstly, users are dealing with cellphones for the purpose of convenience in communications. Although 3G may provide a wide array of service capabilities, it is still yet to be known to what extent users may really need them. Secondly, 3G system requires hefty investments, which will then be burdened on users in the form of service charges. In addition,it is quite possible that the functionally rich 3G handsets won't be sold cheaply. So whether or not users is willing to accept the handset model remains a question. Thirdly, 3G handsets may reach a transmission rate of up to 384kb／s or even higher, but the handset speed is subject to system capacity limitations. With a limited system capacity, the more users the slower the rate. Experts estimate that it would be very difficult for 3G handsets to get to the theoretical speed. Therefore, it will take 2 to 3 years of time for 3G to become a mature commercial system. Given all that, the 3G system nevertheless has demonstrated the following key features: highly efficient channel coding/decoding; smart antenna; initial synchronization and Rake multi-path diversity reception; multi-user detection and power control. All in all, the emergence of 3G system will fundamentally change our way of communications, thus turning the anytime anywhere communications into a reality.6 4GThe most noted trend of future generations of mobile communications system is the requirement for high data speed, high flexibility and seamless roaming. To that end, there will be even greater technical challenges looming ahead. Besides, the system performance (e.g., cell size and transmission rate) is to a great extent dependent on frequencies. Some people tend to think that since there is no "revolutionary" changes taking place in technical indicators and applications, there should not be a term of "4G" in place. So the data rate of the 4G system should be at least one order of magnitude above that of 3G, and 4G should include the following four main features. Firstly, it should enable adaptive resource allocation to handle changing traffic and channel conditions with a strong self-organization capability and flexibility. Secondly, it should be able to combine the rules of fixed mobile broadcast network or other networks to exert a control over the volume distribution of those features. Thirdly, the protocol should enable the co-existence of both low and high code users according to network dynamics and changing channel conditions. In those respects, 4G should demonstrate a performance superior than 2G and 3G. Fourthly, the Digital Broadband concept should be incorporated. In the "millimeter" process, the propagation condition is relatively difficult. Correspondingly the cell size will be much smaller, thus bringing about a series of technical headaches. Compared to 4G, the 5G system will also come into reality in the future. Table 1 shows the development of mobile communications (the deployment time of 4G and 5G systems are rough estimates).7 ConclusionThe advent of a new century and China's entry to the WTO brought along both opportunities and challenges to China's mobile communications industry. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the development of mobile communications systems is helpful for us to sum up experiences, head in the right direction and get hold of opportunities to accomplish the building of a mobile communications network that is tailored to future user needs.。
常用的一些测试英语缩写
Full Name
Advanced Audio Distribution Profile Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Advanced Audio Coding ATM Adaptation Layer type 1 Authentication Algorithm Number Activity-Based Buggeting Activity-Based Costing Activity-Base Management Available Bit Rate Alternating Current Audio Coder-3 Accept Anisotropic Conductive Film Advanced Configuration & Power Interface AT Command Interpreter Acknowledgement SMS Access Control List Add, Compare, Select Agency Dept. Automatic data capture Absolute Dimension Measurement Administration Function at the LIAN Audio Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Adaptive Dynamic Threshold Additional Elementary Functions Association for Electric Home Appliances Advance Encryption standard Alternative Frequency List Audio Frequency Control Annual Failure Rate Access Gateway Audio Gateway Anti-Glare Advanced Global Alignment Accelerated Graphics Port、Advanced Graphics Port Assisted Global Positioning System Auto Insertion Acquisition Indicatior Acquisition Indication Channel Article Inspection report Article Inspection report ATM Line Interface Module subrack alternate lighting of surfaces Accelerated Life Test General Administration Dept.
单片机英文参考文献(精选120个)
我国的单片机起步虽然较晚，但经过几十年的发展，也取得了巨大的成就。
不论是工业生产还是社会生活的各个方面都离不开单片机的使用。
下面是搜素整理的单片机英文参考文献的分享，以供参考。
单片机英文参考文献一： [1]Hui Wang. Optimal Design of Single Chip Microcomputer Multi-machine Serial Communication based on Signal VerificationTechnology[J]. International Journal of Intelligent Information and Management Science,2020,9（1）。
[2]Philip J. Basford,Steven J. Johnston,Colin S. Perkins,Tony Garnock-Jones,Fung Po Tso,Dimitrios Pezaros,Robert D. Mullins,Eiko Yoneki,Jeremy Singer,Simon J. Cox. Performance analysis of single board computer clusters[J]. Future Generation ComputerSystems,2020,102. [3]. Computers; Reports from University of Southampton Describe Recent Advances in Computers （Performance Analysis of Single Board Computer Clusters）[J]. Computers, Networks & Communications,2020. [4]Yunyu Cao,Jinjin Dang,Chenxu Cao. Design of Automobile Digital Tire Pressure Detector[J]. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports,2019. [5]Sudad J. Ashaj,Ergun Er?elebi. Reduce Cost Smart Power Management System by Utilize Single Board Computer Artificial Neural Networks for Smart Systems[J]. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems,2019. [6]Hanhong Tan*, Yanfei Teng. Design of PWM Lighting brightness Control based on LAN QIAO Cup single Chip Microcomputer[J]. International Journal of Computational and Engineering,2019,4（3）。
未来移动通信综合维护的管理方法研究及技术改造提升
Hot-Point Perspective热点透视DCW1 移动机房及其集约化管理方法研究移动机房主要分为：宏站、室分、汇聚点、集中机房、核心网机房等几类，宏站主要是解决室外移动通信信号的覆盖，室分主要是解决楼宇及小区等室内场所的信号覆盖，汇聚点主要是传输骨干节点解决传输汇聚层布网、核心网主要解决基站控制器及传输汇聚层的汇聚集中点。
2014年之前国家鼓励竞争，三大运营商拼的是网络优化规划及网络建设进度，导致三大传统运营商都是自建传输、自建机房、自建铁塔等一系列投资，各自网络相对封闭，互联互通工作开展不顺利，但是伴随着近年城镇化推进工作进入深水区，2G网络、3G网络、4G 网络、5G网络的并存局面，导致机房资源越发紧张，三个运营商都遇到了发展瓶颈，以前的网络规划优化及建设进度不再是现在的核心竞争力，反倒是各自自建网络，重复投资建设的机房成为了企业及行业发展的瓶颈，为了有效突破这个瓶颈，实现中国高速、高质量的发展愿景，2014年中国铁塔公司横空出世，拥有着国资背景的大型央企整合了传统三大运营商的移动机房，所有的存量非核心机房统一由中国铁塔公司运营发展，新建机房统一由中国铁塔公司承建，满足三大运营商的需求，这样做的好处其一是实现了资源共享，避免重复建设，重复投资，浪费资源，另一方面是实现了统一行动，统一话语权，为三大运营商降本增效，提供了切实可行的发展之路。
伴随着2019年的5G牌照发放，新增了第四通未来移动通信综合维护的管理方法研究及技术改造提升董晓林（上海东冠通信建设有限公司，上海 200000）摘要：移动通信是国家重要的公共基础设施，国内的移动基站规模和数量不断扩大的背景下，中国已经从2G落后、3G跟跑、4G陪跑、5G领先的局面，国内的通信领域已经从传统的2G语音为主，逐步过渡到了以数据为主的大信息时代，传统运营商的语音资费收入降幅每年都在下降，反观数据为主的时代，在国内以百度、阿里、腾讯三巨头为主的一线企业，京东、拼多多等二线企业的崛起，对传统运营商的利润挤兑更是日趋明显，国内三大运营商在响应政府号召：在提速降费方面，更是投入了巨大的人、财、物，三大运营商如何破局未来通信企业发展生存之道，只有走集约化发展之道。
科技英语翻译
Executive summary执行大纲5G offers enormous potential for both consumers and industry5G为其消费者以及业界提供巨大的发展潜力As well as the prospect of being considerably faster than existing technologies, 5G holds the promise of applications with high social and economic value, leading to a ‘hyper-connected society’ in which mobile will play an ever more important role in people’s lives.5G除了拥有比现有技术更快的发展前景，还可能有较高的社会和经济价值的应用前景，使未来能够形成“超连接社会”，那时移动性将在人们的生活中发挥前所未有的越来越重要的作用。
The GSMA will work for its members and with its partners to shape 5GGSM协会效力其成员并与其伙伴合作去构建5G系统As the association representing the mobile industry, the GSMA will play a significant role in shaping the strategic, commercial and regulatory development of the 5G ecosystem.This will include areas such as the definition of roaming and interconnect in 5G, and the identification and alignment of suitable spectrum bands. Once a stable definition of 5G is reached, the GSMA will work with its members to identify and develop commercially viable 5G applications. This paper focuses on 5G as it has developed so far, and the areas of technological innovation needed to deliver the 5G vision.由于GSMA代表了移动通信行业，GSMA将在塑造5G生态系统的战略、商业和监管发展方面发挥着重要的作用。
case study for GU1 HND 国际贸易
Opal Network Solutions case studyThe early yearsOpal Network Solutions was established in1971as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Post Office,then a public corporation.The company was originally called UK CarTel, and control passed from the Post Office to the then state owned British Telecom.At this time the head office for UK CarTel were relocated to Edinburgh.In1984the UK government sold a majority stake in British Telecom,and sold a controlling share in UK CarTel to a consortium of London based venture capitalists,with the remaining shares being placed with the main banks and small investors.The new owners had seen the opportunities that were opening up as a result of the deregulation of telecommunication markets.Deregulation involved the removal of many government rules and regulations and the encouragement of competition in the market,a process that was to be enthusiastically adopted by many countries.Under British Telecom, UK CarTel had specialised in developing car phone technology,and prior to the sale had started to research and develop mobile phone and network technologies.The company with its new owners was well placed to take advantage of the rapidly changing and developing telecommunications markets.British Telecom had allowed UK CarTel to operate under a number of names in different European countries, where they worked in partnership on small projects with the then mainly state owned telecommunications firms.In1985the new owners decided to end this fragmented brand approach and at the same time decided that the name UK CarTel was no longer appropriate.They adopted a single name that could be used on the international stage,and rebranded the firm Opal Network Solutions.The dawn of the mobile eraThroughout the remainder of the1980s Opal strengthened its links with state telecommunications firms across Europe.A major breakthrough came in1985with a contract to help maintain and expand the world first cellular telephone network operated by the Nordic Mobile Telephone(NMT) service.The network operated across several Nordic countries and was the first to allow customers the use of their mobile phones in any location(international roaming) regardless of which country they were in.The NMT network proved a catalyst and cellular networks rapidly began to develop across Europe and the developed world.Opal first commercially launched their hand-held mobile phones in1986and although they were heavy,bulky and difficult to use,their launch and subsequent success represented a significant step for the company.Their first hand-held phones were priced at about£4,000because of the high research and development costs and the need for highly specialised production facilities.Whilst the prices were high they were comparable with those of Motorola,and their early entry into the market gave them an advantage over later entrants.The Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) was adopted in1987as the European standard.This allowed for high-quality voice calls,the ability for customers to use their phones across international boundaries,and text messaging,thus laying the foundations for a worldwide boom in mobile phone use.In the late1980s and throughout the90s further deregulation of the telecommunications markets enabled Opal to capitalise on a number of opportunities. The company continued to work closely with several of the former state telecoms firms in developing and operating mobile networks, further cementing its position as an influential player in the telecommunications market.Opal s main focus has remained in Europe,but they have ventured into the North and South American,and Asian marketplaces. The recent opening-up of the Chinese market is currently providing Opal with opportunities for further expansion both in the provision of networks and in sales of mobile devices.This expansion has,and will continue to require substantial investment.In1998the owners sought fresh capital from existing shareholders to allow them to take advantage of the expansion opportunities.The internet eraIn2000Opal was a medium sized producer of handsets,which could connect to the Internet(3G technology).This significant development ensured that consumers had the products that met and continue to meet their growing telecommunications needs, ranging from downloading music, watching TV,web browsing to multiplayer online gaming.Opal has invested heavily in market research and has been very successful in identifying market trends and then using the latest technological developments to satisfy customer needs.Intense competition and rapid changes in mobile technologies have resulted in very large research and development costs.New products are continually being developed,and market expectations demand a steady stream of innovative products. As a consequence Opal has entered into partnership agreements with Siemens and Nokia to allow for the joint development of new products and the sharing of technology.At the same time they have entered into several partnership agreements with other Network operators to jointly develop networks in emerging markets.Opal is working with its partners to continue to develop and market cutting-edge productsand to raise its standards of service as a major Network operator. In addition,a number of working agreements have been made with industry bodies (see Appendix 1) involved in establishing common specifications and protocols within the industry. The company views partnership agreements as a crucial part of its strategy in entering new markets and in particular the Chinese market which has enormous potential.ReorganisationOpal underwent a reorganisation in2004rearranging it into a number of core business areas(see Appendix2). Prior to this,the production of mobile devices and operating mobile networks had been run as a single division.Increasing competition led Opal to separate these two core parts of the business,creating a division for each.Opal networks had until 2004exclusively used Opal phones.Sales of Opal phones to other networks had been restricted to small networks in emerging markets to keep the phones largely exclusive to Opal network customers.This was severely restricting growth,and this combined with intense competition between networks and between mobile phone manufacturers meant that change was essential.After the reorganisation the Opal networks were allowed to sell phones produced by other manufacturers,providing greater choice for their network customers.At the same time the mobile devices division was allowed to sell their phones to competing networks allowing access to a much larger market.Sales of Opal phones have gradually grown since the change in strategy,and new customers have been attracted to the Opal networks because of the greater handset choice.Growth has also been vigorously pursued through the use of imaginative promotional campaigns,which whilst successful have led to a relatively slow growth in revenue and profit. The main problem has been the need to cut prices for mobile devices as a result of highly competitive offerings from other firms.Similar competitive pressure has led to a reduction in the tariffs Opal can charge their network customers.Whilst the number of handsets sold has risen,and more network users have been signed up,the downward pressure on prices has led to lower profit margins and a reduced rate of growth in revenue.(See Appendix4)As part of its overall marketing strategy Opal has adopted a strong stance in relation to the environment,and actively seeks to promote social responsibility and environmental sustainability.They were one of the first phone manufacturers in the world to offer a comprehensive mobile phone recycling scheme.They offer a mobile application that provides information and offers discounts on environmentally friendly products and services.Prototype products made from plant-based plastics, and recycled metals and alloys are nearing readiness for launch.The development of a sensory wrist strap made from solar cells that provides information about the local environment and health information and which can interact with Opal mobiles is also nearing completion.Opal continues to invest money in other innovative products but will only do so if the products will have a positive impact upon peop quality of life and a minimal impact upon the environment.(See Appendix3)Expansion into the Chinese marketChina is potentially the largest global telecommunications market.It leads both the US and India in size and provides Opal with an unrivalled opportunity to generate growth.There are currently upwards of750,000,000mobile subscribers in China with an additional 8,000,000being added each month.Room remains for massive expansion,and projections from market analysts suggest that a further 600,000,000 subscribers in China will be enlisted within the next five petition is likely to be severe with43foreign national manufacturers and network providers already having a presence in China and a further25medium to large firms set to enter the market over the coming3years.Opal has joined forces with Siemens and they are working in partnership in China with Huawei Technologies.The regulatory complexities of operating within the Chinese market make the use of a local partner practically essential and Hauwei is a long established and well-respected player in the Chinese telecoms market.Significant cultural differences exist,and a Chinese partnership not only gives access to local knowledge but also provides an air of acceptability that is important when conducting business in China.Huawei s wealth of experience will also help to ensure that product development and customer service is specifically targeted at meeting the local needs and demands of the Chinese market.Through its partnership working agreement with Huawei, Opal and Siemens have established manufacturing facilities within China and have invested almost£200million to provide a state of the art production facility.The new plant has a capacity not only capable of meeting the demands of the Chinese market,but one which can produce handsets for the global market at significantly lower unit costs than the manufacturing facilities currently used in Europe.Once agreement is reached with the Chinese Ministry of Telecommunications,Opal and Siemens aim to exercise an option to purchase a share in Huawei s existing network operations,currently the fifth largest in China.They will then look to expand the network and rapidly attract new customers through offering a range of attractive tariffs and the most up-to-date mobile devices.The strategy will involve offering a first class service but at a lower price than existing networks and other foreign entrants that are in the process of entering the markets.Both Siemens and Opal will need to raise fresh finance if they are to pursue this growth strategy,which is not without its risks.Partnership workingIn addition to working with a number of electronics companies and network operators, Opal currently works in partnership with the following industry bodies: 3GPP: The Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) is a worldwide body, which is developing and promoting a common set of standards for the creation, delivery and playback of multimedia over high-speed wireless networksBluetooth SIG:The Bluetooth Special Interest Group drives the development ofa wireless specification for connecting digital devices including mobile phones.Bluetooth is a widely used technology that allows for the exchange of databetween wireless devices.WiMAX Forum:A non-profit association that works for the deployment ofbroadband wireless networks based upon a common standard.W3C:The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)is tasked with developingcommon protocols and data formats that promote the evolution of the World Wide anisations join in order to work and exchange ideas with othermembers including premier Internet and technology companies.Business structureIn2004Opal was reorganised into seven core business areas as follows:Mobile devices divisionThis division is responsible for the research,development and manufacturing of all mobile devices.It currently produces over 120models within its portfolio,including devices that use state of the art smart phone technology.Product development requires significant levels of funding and targeted investment to ensure a supply of new and updated products that will meet customer expectations and help the company retain its market position.Networks divisionThe division is responsible for the maintenance of existing networks and for the expansion into new markets.They work in partnership with other network providers and make decisions about which devices to offer on the Opal networks.Service developmentThe rapid advancement of mobile and digital technology in recent years has enabled Opal to promote the interface between mobile services and web-based services. Common developments in music,maps,media,messaging and retail experience have been driven by consumer needs and wants,and have led to a significant expansion of partnership working with developers and content providers.The Service Development section is tasked with fostering these partnerships to enhance the customer experience.Customer careOpal offers a huge range of services and packages to provide imaginative,creative and innovative customer solutions.The Customer Care Section is tasked with concept development and creating these solutions and ensuring that customer expectations are consistently met.MarketingThe customer focus of the business is driven by the knowledge and creativity of the marketing department.All brand and marketing activities,sales and distribution activities,supply chain operations and customer interface are effectively directed and managed by this section.Corporate opportunityThe coordinating body of the organisation links the other sections of the business and promotes strategic development and growth.Special projectsThis section requires significant investment and provides the leading-edge technology required for mobile and voice-guided navigation systems,Internet based mapping applications,cutting edge web services and other government and corporate solutions.Many of the projects involve targeting niches that can be highly profitable and can lead to developments that can be used by the Mobile Devices and Network Divisions.Opal Network Solutions mission statementWe promise to help our community stay true to what is important to them.Key valuesThe customer deserves service excellenceWe accept that while we are driven by technology we will always aspire to drive technologyThere is a tailor-made solution for each and every customerThe global community is our local marketTechnology can safeguard a green new worldOpal is a customer-focused organisation.We demand continuous improvement and progression for our stakeholders by engaging our community in global technology and communications. As the global market expands,people need to feel the world becoming smaller as communication embraces the web and the need to interact socially and professionally,locally and internationally.Our community needs to be at the forefront of communication and be connected regardless of time,place, preference and economic status.The community will always be connected in new and better ways.Opal will use the community to develop and enhance our customer focus using social,professional and technological solutions to the questions of each and every day.With solutions comes service excellence.Excellence promotes community and harmony for our peopleThe mission of Opal requires that we position ourselves for the needs and demands of the global community.Our solutions and products become one with the wants and life of our customers. Our organisational structure has evolved with our community and its technology and we aim to place ourselves at the forefront of mobile,Internet and computer technology,driving the boundaries of customer satisfaction.We exist to build a better world through communication and will strive to make the world a cleaner, greener community driven by facilitating technology.Trading results200820122012 (£Millions)2011(£Millions)2010(£Millions)2009(£Millions)2008(£Millions)Revenue2,1602,0922,0131,9791,924Operating Profit213188********* Investmentrevenue654(2)(5)Profit on ordinaryactivities before tax219193254215210Tax on profit onordinary activities6658746261Profit on ordinaryactivities after tax153135180153149 Dividends8075756863 Retained profit forthe year73601058586Earnings pershare on issuedshare capital78.80p69.25p90.31p79.96p79.33p Dividend per share41.58p38.88p38.88p35.28p32.85p。
英语作文the mobile phone
The mobile phone has become an integral part of modern life,transforming the way we communicate,access information,and even entertain ourselves.Heres a detailed look at the various aspects of mobile phones and their impact on society.Evolution of Mobile Phones:The mobile phone has evolved significantly since its inception.From the bulky and expensive devices of the1980s to the sleek,featurerich smartphones of today,the technology has advanced rapidly.Early mobile phones were primarily used for voice calls,but now they incorporate highspeed internet access,cameras,GPS,and a plethora of applications.Communication:One of the most significant impacts of mobile phones is on communication.People can now stay in touch with friends and family across the globe with ease.Instant messaging, video calls,and social media integration have made it possible to share experiences in realtime,breaking down geographical barriers.Information Access:Smartphones provide instant access to a wealth of information.With just a few taps,users can search the internet,read news,check weather forecasts,and even access educational resources.This has democratized information,making it available to anyone with a mobile device.Entertainment:Mobile phones have revolutionized the entertainment ers can stream music, watch videos,play games,and even create their own content.The rise of mobile gaming has created a new market for developers,and social media platforms have given rise to a new generation of influencers and content creators.Business and Productivity:Mobile phones have become essential tools for business and productivity.Professionals use them for email,scheduling,and remote work.Mobile applications have made it possible to manage projects,collaborate with teams,and even conduct business transactions on the go.Health and Fitness:Health and fitness apps have made it easier for individuals to track their physical activity, diet,and sleep patterns.These apps often sync with wearable devices to provide detailed insights into ones health,encouraging a more active and conscious lifestyle.Challenges and Concerns:Despite the numerous benefits,mobile phones also present challenges.Issues such as privacy,security,and the potential for addiction are significant concerns.The overuse of mobile phones can lead to social isolation,reduced attention spans,and even physical health problems like text neck.Future of Mobile Phones:The future of mobile phones is likely to be even more integrated into our daily lives. Advancements in artificial intelligence,augmented reality,and5G technology will further enhance the capabilities of mobile devices.We can expect more personalized experiences,smarter assistants,and seamless connectivity with other devices and services.Conclusion:The mobile phone is more than just a communication device it is a multifunctional tool that has transformed various aspects of our lives.As technology continues to evolve,it is crucial to balance the benefits with the potential drawbacks,ensuring that mobile phones remain a positive force in society.。
无线纽约,无限美国——纽约市无线网基建项目二期EB-5说明会
无线纽约，无限美国——纽约市无线网基建项目二期EB-5说明会EB-5延期以来，2016年美国EB-5投资移民依旧火热，慧侨移民专家预计今年可能缔造更大幅度的递件高峰。
而根据美国移民局公布的最新审案进度，排期仍未有效化解，或将愈演愈烈。
另一方面，距离9月30日EB-5法案再次到期之日越来越近，业内认为投资门槛提高几成定居，投资人切记需抓紧最后几个月的时间，赶早不赶晚！同时，选择优质、值得信赖的EB-5投资项目才能“以不变应万变”！3月12日，慧侨移民将在上海希尔顿酒店举办“纽约市无线网基建项目二期EB-5移民发布会”，重磅发布史无前例的优质EB-5项目，绝对不容错过！作为首次进军高新科技领域的EB-5项目，作为政府重点立项的基建EB-5项目，作为关乎纽约城市未来发展的EB-5项目，“纽约市无线网基建项目二期”必将成为2016年最受瞩目的明星项目！纽约率先开启千兆WIFI时代，EB-5载入史册！纽约市无线网基础设施建设项目二期（LinkNYC）将为纽约市建设街面高速公共无线基础设施网络。
这千载难逢的项目将彻底改变城市的街景并提供全球最快的公共Wi-Fi 网络。
LinkNYC，旨在为几百万纽约市民和访客提供最快的Wi-Fi 服务。
通过用被称为“连接”的连接站更换纽约市公共付费电话系统，纽约市意欲提升纽约市民和访客的信息获取体验。
项目将涉及到10000个提供免费Wi-Fi的连接咨询亭，网速将达到1000兆比特下载和上传。
这个网速是美国城市平均网速的200倍，是纽约市家庭平均网速的45倍。
建成后纽约市将成为美国首个提供加密网络连接的免费WIF-FI城市，并且是网速最快的城市。
政府重点工程项目，EB-5旷世之作！纽约市无线网基础设施建设项目二期是纽约政府所进行的所有大型技术项目的重中之重。
项目由纽约市市长办公室技术和创新处、纽约市信息技术和电子通讯局以及一个汇集一流技术、电子通讯、连接工程、广告及用户体验公司的财团CityBridge 有限责任公司以公私合作形式立项。
Design and Development of Hybrid Supercapacitors
Design and Development of HybridSupercapacitorsIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of hybrid supercapacitors, which combine the high energy density of batteries and the high power density of capacitors. These devices have the potential to revolutionize energy storage and power delivery systems, with applications ranging from consumer electronics to electric vehicles and grid-scale storage systems.Design Considerations:The design of a hybrid supercapacitor involves several key considerations, including the choice of electrode materials, the construction of the device, and the optimization of its performance. The materials used for the electrodes can significantly impact the performance of the device, with a focus on maximizing both energy density and power density.Graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metal oxides are among the most promising materials for use in hybrid supercapacitors. These materials have high surface areas, allowing for increased charge storage capacity, and can also exhibit excellent electrochemical stability and cycling efficiency.In addition to electrode materials, the configuration of the device is also critical. The most commonly used configurations include asymmetric and symmetric designs. Asymmetric designs, which consist of two electrodes with different charge storage mechanisms, can offer higher energy density. Symmetric designs, where both electrodes have similar charge storage mechanisms, offer higher power density.Performance Optimization:Once the materials and configuration are selected, the performance of the device can be optimized through various techniques. For example, the use of electrode coatings andadditives can improve the electrochemical stability and charge storage capacity of the device.In addition, the electrolyte used in the device can also affect performance. Traditional electrolytes, such as aqueous and organic solvents, suffer from various limitations such as low voltage windows, limited operating temperatures, and poor stability. However, the development of ionic liquids and solid-state electrolytes has opened up new possibilities for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors.Application:Hybrid supercapacitors have enormous potential for a wide range of applications, from portable electronics to electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. These devices can provide high power density for quick charging and discharging, and also offer high energy density for extended use.For example, in portable electronics, hybrid supercapacitors could replace conventional batteries, providing longer operating times in smaller devices. In electric vehicles, hybrid supercapacitors could provide instant, high power delivery for acceleration and braking, while also extending the range of the vehicle.Conclusion:Hybrid supercapacitors are a promising technology that could transform energy storage and power delivery systems. Their unique combination of high energy density and high power density offers many opportunities for advances in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. While there are still many challenges to overcome in their development and commercialization, the potential benefits make them a technology worth pursuing.。
中国移动智慧港口应用案例英文
中国移动智慧港口应用案例英文China has been at the forefront of global economic development in recent decades and has emerged as a major player in the international trade and logistics landscape. As the world's second-largest economy, China has invested heavily in modernizing its infrastructure, including the development of advanced port facilities to support its growing import and export activities. One such example is the implementation of smart port technologies by China Mobile, the country's largest telecommunications operator, in collaboration with various port authorities across the nation.The rise of smart port technologies has been driven by the increasing demands for efficiency, sustainability, and security in global supply chain operations. Smart ports leverage the power of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and big data analytics to optimize various port functions, from cargo handling and vessel management to energy consumption and environmental monitoring. By integrating these technologies, smart ports aim to enhance productivity, reduce operational costs, and minimize the environmental impact of port activities.One of the pioneering smart port initiatives in China is the collaboration between China Mobile and the Port of Tianjin, one of the busiest container ports in the world. The Port of Tianjin has been at the forefront of adopting smart port solutions, and its partnership with China Mobile has been instrumental in driving this transformation.At the core of the smart port solution implemented at the Port of Tianjin is a comprehensive IoT network that connects various port operations and assets. This network includes a multitude of sensors and devices installed throughout the port, ranging from cargo tracking tags and container monitoring systems to intelligent traffic management systems and environmental sensors. These IoT devices continuously collect and transmit real-time data to a centralized cloud-based platform, which is powered by China Mobile's advanced data processing and analytics capabilities.One of the key benefits of this smart port solution is the enhanced efficiency of cargo handling and vessel management. By leveraging real-time data on container locations, loading and unloading schedules, and vessel movements, the port's operations team can optimize the flow of cargo, reduce waiting times, and minimize delays. This has resulted in significant improvements in overall port productivity, with faster turnaround times for vessels and moreefficient utilization of port resources.Another crucial aspect of the smart port implementation is the focus on environmental sustainability. The IoT network at the Port of Tianjin includes a comprehensive system of environmental sensors that monitor air quality, water quality, and energy consumption within the port area. This data is then used to implement targeted measures to reduce the port's carbon footprint, such as optimizing energy usage, implementing renewable energy sources, and improving waste management practices.Furthermore, the smart port solution has also enhanced the security and safety of port operations. The IoT network includes advanced surveillance and access control systems, which enable the port authorities to monitor and respond to potential security threats in real-time. Additionally, the system can provide early warning alerts for natural disasters or other emergency situations, allowing the port to take proactive measures to protect its assets and personnel.The success of the smart port initiative at the Port of Tianjin has inspired other port authorities in China to explore similar partnerships with China Mobile. The company has since expanded its smart port solutions to several other major ports, including the Ports of Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Qingdao, among others.One of the key factors contributing to the widespread adoption of China Mobile's smart port solutions is the company's extensive telecommunications infrastructure and expertise. As the largest mobile network operator in China, China Mobile has a vast network of cellular towers, fiber-optic cables, and data centers that provide the necessary connectivity and computing power to support the complex IoT systems required for smart port operations.Moreover, China Mobile has invested heavily in developing advanced data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities to enhance the functionality of its smart port solutions. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and predictive analytics, the company's smart port platform can identify patterns, detect anomalies, and make recommendations to port operators, enabling them to make more informed decisions and optimize their operations.The collaboration between China Mobile and the various port authorities in China has also fostered a closer integration between the telecommunications and logistics sectors. This synergy has enabled the development of innovative applications and services that cater to the unique needs of the port industry, such as asset tracking, predictive maintenance, and supply chain optimization.As China continues to strengthen its position as a global trade and logistics hub, the widespread adoption of smart port technologieswill be crucial in maintaining the country's competitiveness and ensuring the efficiency and sustainability of its port operations. The success of the smart port initiatives led by China Mobile serves as a testament to the transformative power of digital technologies in the maritime industry and provides a blueprint for other countries and port operators to follow.。
低轨宽带卫星通信产业发展及前景分析
互联网+应用nternet Application低轨宽带卫星通信产业发展及前景分析—— □刘佳东方红卫星移动通信有限公司【摘要】随着全球低轨宽带卫星产业的加速发展，低轨星座进入了大规模部署阶段，低轨宽带卫星通信在5G时代迎来重大战略机遇。
本文首先介绍了国外低轨宽带星座部署规划和建设现状，其次从特定场景需求、应用定位和实用性等方面探讨了未来低轨宽带卫星 通信的发展前景及应关注的问题。
最后从技术创新、系统适应性等多个角度分析思考，给出利用星地多技术融合构建天地一体化信 息网络的建设思路，以及长期发展可行性策略。
【关键词】低轨宽带卫星卫星通信Starlink 5GThe development and prospect analysis of low-orbit broadband satellite communication industryLiu Jia (Macro Net Communication Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400000, China)Abstract：With the accelerated development of the global low-orbit broadband satellite industry, the low-orbit constellation has entered a stage of large-scale deployment. The low-orbit broadband satellite Communication has ushered in a major strategic opportunity in the 5G era. First, in terms of specific scenario requirements, application positioning, and practicality, this article discusses the development prospects of low-orbit constellations and issues that should be paid attention to. Second, according to the deployment planning and construction status of foreign low-orbit broadband satellite communication. Finally, from the perspectives of operating mode, technological innovation, and system adaptability, this article puts forward the construction ideas for building a space-ground information network by combining multiple technologies, as well as a long-term feasible strategy.Keywords: LEO broadband satellite, Satellite communication, Starlink, 5G引言低轨宽带卫星通信是利用低地球轨道（LEO)部署的向地面和空中用户提供宽带通信服务的新型星座网络，具有广概盖、低延时、宽带化、低成本等特点。
gsmar
gsmarGSMARGSMAR is a powerful mobile technology that has transformed the realm of communication. In this document, we will explore what GSMAR is, how it works, its benefits and drawbacks, as well as its impact on the mobile industry.What is GSMAR?GSMAR, also known as Global System for Mobile Advanced Radio, is a standard for digital cellular mobile communication. It is an extension of the widely used GSM (Global System for Mobile) standard. GSMAR is designed to provide faster data transfer rates and improved coverage compared to its predecessor.How does GSMAR work?GSMAR operates by dividing the signal into time slots, allowing multiple users to share the same frequency channel. This division of slots results in increased capacity and efficientutilization of the available resources. GSMAR uses a combination of frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA) to achieve this.Benefits of GSMAR1. Enhanced Data Transfer Speeds: One of the significant advantages of GSMAR is the faster data transfer rates it offers. With its improved coding techniques and advanced modulation schemes, GSMAR can provide speeds of up to several hundred megabits per second. This enables users to download large files, stream high-quality videos, and browse the internet seamlessly.2. Improved Connectivity: GSMAR offers better coverage and connectivity compared to GSM. Its advanced technology ensures a more stable connection, even in areas with weaker network signals. This is particularly important in rural and remote areas where maintaining a reliable connection is vital for communication and accessing online services.3. Enhanced User Experience: The higher data transfer speeds and improved connectivity of GSMAR greatly enhance the overall user experience. It allows for smooth video calling, online gaming, and mobile banking transactions, amongother bandwidth-intensive activities. This, in turn, contributes to increasing productivity and efficiency in various industries.Drawbacks of GSMAR1. Infrastructure Upgrades: To fully utilize GSMAR's capabilities, existing network infrastructure requires significant upgrades. This involves replacing outdated equipment and installing new base stations, antennas, and other necessary hardware. The cost of these upgrades can be substantial, especially for network operators in developing countries.2. Spectrum Availability: As GSMAR requires a broad spectrum for data transmission, availability may become an issue in densely populated areas. Spectrum allocation and management need to be carefully regulated to ensure fair distribution among network operators and avoid congestion.3. Compatibility Issues: Since GSMAR is an extension of GSM, older devices may not be compatible with the new technology. This means that users with older phones may need to upgrade their devices to take advantage of GSMAR's benefits. Additionally, network operators may need to investin supporting both GSM and GSMAR networks during the transition period.Impact on the Mobile IndustryThe introduction of GSMAR has revolutionized the mobile industry by enabling faster and more efficient communication. It has paved the way for the development and implementation of advanced technologies such as 5G. GSMAR has also stimulated innovation in various sectors, including healthcare, transportation, and education.Furthermore, GSMAR has facilitated the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. By providing high-speed connectivity and low latency, GSMAR allows for seamless communication between IoT devices, enabling the development of smart cities, industrial automation, and connected homes.In conclusion, GSMAR is a groundbreaking mobile technology that has brought significant advancements to the field of communication. Its faster data transfer speeds, improved connectivity, and enhanced user experience make it a crucial component of the mobile industry's evolution. Despite its challenges, GSMAR offers numerous benefits thatwill continue to shape the way we communicate and interact with mobile devices in the future.。
英文文献翻译《Enterprise Mobile Applications》译文
企业移动应用开发框架Bhuvan Unhelkar, MethodScience广受尊敬的咨询家、培训老师、作家和演讲者San Murugesan, BRITE Professional Services企业面临一些挑战派遣移动应用, 出自功能,如位置独立, contextualization 、个性化。
这six-layer 企业 移动应用开发提供了一个系统框架 和综合的解决方案,以移动应用程序开发和软件 维护。
最近几年移动技术和应用变得特别普遍，在各行各业都是。
企业都在通过采取移动技术上的应用来提高自己的运营效率（给员工提供更强的实时信息接口访问），提高产品的竞争力，利用移动革命，满足新的顾客需求。
这种移动应用为用户访问信息、应用提供了存储独立个性化，提高了用户满意度。
移动应用还能够为用户提供环境感知响应，如用户位置、使用时间或者其他属性。
例如，可以提供银行、旅游、紧急服务等和用户位置、使用时间相关的业务。
尽管移动技术和移动应用给企业带来很多新的机会，但是同样带来开发和实施的挑战。
这些挑战还不包括定位、有线网络桌面应用的挑战。
例如，企业移动应用的开发和部署必须和计算通信模式整合。
一些移动应用必须要确定用户的位置来提供服务，然后不断地追踪用户位置，来提供相应的服务和信息。
然后还包括一些安全性、可靠性、服务质量的等级等等都是新的挑战。
图1 一种新的企业移动用用分类标准。
高层应用比底层的更丰富也跟更复杂（改编自早期的M 提出的一个模型） MethodScience,一个澳大利亚咨询公司,提供卓越国际美誉在各个过程、建模和管理造成实质性的和可测量的质量在公司和软件的开发。
科学的方法成功应用,作为一个实用的学科,为广泛的客户环境。
在此，我们提出一种新的企业移动应用分类模型，建立在科学方法所提出的基础之上，同时还研究了移动应用的挑战。
为了成功的用系统的综合的方式来应对这些挑战，我们提出了六层移动应用开发框架（MADF）。
成都IT服务行业前端开发工程师岗位介绍JD模板
成都IT服务行业前端开发工程师岗位介绍JD模板岗位名称：前端开发工程师岗位关键词：Vue,j2me,Koa,SystemVerilog,SQL职位一Senior H5-VUE DeveloperJob Summary:This position is to support the mobile cross platform (H5) application development, including system design, programming, unit testing, system & integration testing and UAT support.Duties/Responsibilities:• Understand users’ requirements and function specification;• Prepare detail technical specification;• Develop HTML5/JS/CSS, VUE JS cross platform mobile application• Prepare test ca se, conduct the unit test and system test.• Communicate with IT PM and user about solution and development progress Requirements:• Bachelor or above in Computer Science or Software Engineering.• 6+ yrs proven industrial cross platform (H5) application d evelopment experience is required• Experienced at HTML5, js, CSS, sass/less is a must• Experienced 3+ yrs VUE, and other cross platform framework is a big plus, such as ionic, react, Angular JS• Experienced at jQuery/bootstrap, also echarts/chart.js/D3.js• Experience in responsive layout development/page performance optimization • Familiar with modular JS framework, such as require.js/sea.js• Experienced at hybrid mobile is very big plus• Good English in reading/writing/speaking will be a big plus• E xperienced at MVC and popular J2EE framework and Application Server, such as Websphere or JBoss is preferred• Experienced at popular database software, such as Oracle, MS SQL Server, Sybase or MySQL is preferred• Familiar with insurance domain knowledge is very big plus职位二Senior cross platform (H5) DeveloperJob Summary:This position is to support the mobile cross platform (H5) application development, including system design, programming, unit testing, system & integration testing and UAT support.Duties/Responsibilities:• Understand users’ requirements and function specification• Prepare detail technical specification• Develop HTML5/JS/CSS, angular2 and vue JS cross platform mobile application • Prepare test case, conduct the unit test and system test.• Communicate with IT PM and user about solution and development progress Requirements:• 4+ yrs proven industrial cross platform (H5) application development experience is required• Experienced at HTML5, js and css is a must• Experienced cross pla tform framework: Angular 2, and vue/react experience will be a very big plus• Experienced at hybrid mobile is very big plus• Bachelor or above in Computer Science or Software Engineering.• Good English in reading/writing/speaking will be a big plus• Ex perienced at MVC and popular J2EE framework and Application Server, suchas Websphere or JBoss is preferred• Experienced at popular database software, such as Oracle, MS SQL Server, Sybase or MySQL is preferred• Familiar with insurance domain knowledge i s very big plus。
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– 良好的标签语义，有利于页面的维护开发。 – 本地存储、Websocket、 Geolocation API等有利于减少Native层 跨平台的工作。 – CSS3对于圆角、渐变、动画的支持能满足大部分UI的需求。 – Webkit引擎对HTML5/CSS3草案支持良好。
Where Are We Now？
• 针对Android平台的第一期成果
– – – –
– – – –
完成了一个集各项特性于一体的demo程序 自行开发的JS Framework Patched Phonegap Framework 已基本确保稳定流畅的用户体验
暂时仅支持2.0及以上OS版本 缺少弹性效果 缺少多点触摸API CSS3动画性能在android平台下仍较差（没有硬件加速支持）
– 主要针对android平台
• 在速度与炫之间选择“速度”
Netease Blog APP
Native APP
Weห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ APP
技术点 之 HTML5
• • • • 标签&属性 本地存储 地理位置 WebSocket
技术点 之 CSS3
• • • • • • 图片边框 圆角边框 变换 阴影 渐变 旋转
技术点 之 MWF
• 模块化的开发框架
HashManage/Module/Template/Cache
• 触摸滚动事件封装
支持常见触摸事件（如tap/taphold/swipe/drag等） 支持多点触摸（目前仅支持IOS） 模拟滚动条和弹性效果
• 扩展Native接口
通过不Phonegap框架集成，在Js端扩展Native接口，支持拍照、通 知、系统存储、图片选择、铃声选择、文件上传等
Our Solution
• Native层基于Phonegap（开源项目） • Js开发基于面向移动终端的Js框架（MWF）
– – – – 支持触摸滚动事件 封装本地存储 模块化开发框架（Module/Cache/Template） 不Phonegap框架集成
• 通过重载浏览器封装解决浏览器封装缺陷
Hybrid Mobile Application Development
Native + Web Solution Intro
Why Hybrid
• Hybird = Native + Web • 优点：
– HTML/CSS/JS对内容、呈现、逻辑进行了分离，是目前最完善的 分层抽象的方案。 – 最大程度的跨平台特性 “write once, run anywhere ”极大提高产 品开发升级的效率。 – 学习曲线平滑，互联网企业大部分的开发人员都熟悉Web开发技 术。 – 适合复杂排版内容的呈现。 – 程序主要逻辑均运行在浏览器容器中，更加安全。 – 程序体积小，浏览器已经为我们提供了大量基础设施。
Why Hybrid（cont’d）
• 缺点
– Js执行效率丌如Native代码。 – 浏览器对于页面的渲染效率丌如Native。 – 炫酷的动画效果（尤其3D效果）受限于终端硬件及浏览器是否支 持硬件加速。 – 受浏览器本身的bug以及表现能力局限一些如弹性效果，多点触摸 在某些平台上缺失。
Our Solution
• 尚存的缺陷
Q&A
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