(英语)高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)试题类型及其解题技巧及解析

（英语）高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)试题类型及其解题技巧及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
I travel a lot, and I find out different "styles"(风格)of directions every time I ask " How can I get to the post office?"
Foreign tourists are often confused(困惑的)in Japan because most streets there don't have names. In Japan, people use landmarks(地标)in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, " Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop."
In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat. In many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, " Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.
People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map. They measure distance in time, not miles. " How far away is the post office?" you ask. " Oh," they answer, " it's about five minutes from here." You say, " Yes, but how many miles is it?" They don't know.
It's true that a person doesn't know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, " Sorry, I have no idea." But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers " I don't know". People in Yucatan believe that "I don't know" is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!
（1）When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place, they usually _______.
A.describe the place carefully
B.show him a map of the place
C.tell him the names of the streets
D.refer to recognizable buildings and places
（2）What is the place where people measure distance in time?
A.New York.
B.Los Angles.
C.Kansas
D.Lowa.
（3）People inYucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer ________.
A.in order to save time
B.as a test
C.so as to be polite
D.for fun
（4）What can we infer from the text?
A.It's important for travelers to understand cultural differences.
B.It's useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.
C.People have similar understanding of politeness.
D.New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者围绕不同国家回答问路的风格，介绍了不同国度的不同文化。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Foreign tourists are often confused（困惑的）in Japan because most streets there don't have names. In Japan, people use landmarks（地标）in their directions instead of str eet names.”可知在日本通常是用地标指路。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles.”可知，在洛杉矶用走一段路用多少时间来指路。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers‘I don't know.’People in Yucatan believe that ‘I don't know’ is impolite.”可推断，因尤卡坦人可能会给游客一个错误的答案的目的是为了礼貌。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“I find out different ‘styles’ of directions every time I ask ‘How can I get to the post office?’" 以及下文举例说明可知，作者围绕回答问路的风格，介绍了不同国度的不同文化。

因此推断作者说明了对旅行者来说了解不同地方的文化差异很重要。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Uncover a magical mix of new and unforgettable experiences when you add theme park admission.
Item 1: An all-New Lana and Evening Show at Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme pork
Bury yourself in the magic of nature like never before at Pandora-The World of Avatar. Visit this destination to start innovative(革新的) travel and enjoy themed dining and shopping opportunities. And at night, treat your sense to Rivers of Light – an incredible mixture of water, sound and light!
Item 2: Dazzling New Shows at Magic Kingdom Park
Get ready to wonder at Once Upon a Time, a new night projection show that brings Cinderella Castle to life with projections of beloved Disney scenes and characters. In addition, catch the impressive Happily Ever After ninth when it is performed for the first time on May 12, 2017.
Item 3: Attractive Escapades at Epcot
Board an ancient Norwegian ship and go to the kingdom of Arendelle during a Frozen Ever After adventure. Then, stop by the Royal Sommerhus to meet Anna and Elsa—and maybe even
start a warm hug. Longing for an air adventure? Take flight on the re-imagine Soarin' and feel as though you're flying above some of the earth's most surprising landmarks and landscapes.
Item 4: Epic Entertainment at Disney's Hollywood Studios
Catch excellent stage shows like Beauty and the Beast—Live on Stage, have fun playing virtual games on Toy Story Mania! , and wrap up your day with Star Wars: A Galactic Spectacular, a laser and special effects show set to an iconic musical score.
Serious Shopping, One-of-a-Kind Eateries and World-Class Acts at Disney Springs.
Discover a waterfront destination filled with more than 150 places to shop, dine and be entertained—including brand name stores, restaurants with rooftop rooms and the only place in the world to see Cirque du Soleil TM La Nouba.
（1）What do Item I and Item 4 have in common?
A. Dining and shopping.
B. Adventure and dining.
C. Shopping and performance.
D. Shopping and adventure.
（2）Where can visitors find a castle?
A. At Epcot.
B. At Magic Kingdom Park.
C. At Disney's Hollywood Studios.
D. At Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme Park.
（3）How can visitors arrive at the kingdom of Arendelle?
A. By air.
B. On foot.
C. By ship.
D. By train.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍主题公园的特点。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据Item 1: An all-New Lana and Evening Show at Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme pork部分中的“and enjoy themed dining and shopping opportunities.”和Item 4: Epic Entertainment at Disney's Hollywood Studios部分中的“Discover a waterfront destination filled with more than 150 places to shop, dine and be e ntertained”由此可知，Item I和 Item 4 都涉及到了Dining 和shopping.故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据Item 2: Dazzling New Shows at Magic Kingdom Park部分中的“Get ready to wonder at Once Upon a Time, a new night projection show that brings Cinderella Castle to life with projections of belove d Disney scenes and characters.”可知，人们在Magic Kingdom Park.能找到一个城堡。

故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。

根据Item 3: Attractive Escapades at Epcot部分中的“Board an ancient Norwegian ship and go to the kingdom of Arendelle during a Frozen Ever After adventure”.可知，游客坐船可以到the kingdom of Arendelle。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Beginning life at college naturally develops both excitement and anxiety for many reasons. Fors
ome, this feeling is quickly overcome as they adapt to a new environment; for others the change takes longer and sometimes appears as homesickness.
If you are homesick, you might notice an increase in:
Low energy or motivation.
Trouble sleeping.
Increases/decreases in appetite.
Having difficulty with school.
Increased use of drugs or alcohol.
Lack of interest or involvement in new surroundings.
CAUSES
The distance from home—the farther you go, the worse it may be.
Unhappiness when things are different from your expectations of student life.
You have finally arrived at college after working toward it for so long.
A heavy workload.
Students who are homesick often feel they have no control over their environment.
WHAT MIGHT HELP?
Keep in good contact with the people you have left behind, but also give yourself time within the university to begin to get involved here.
Be realistic about what to expect from student life and from yourself. Set up a balance between work and leisure.
If work is proving too difficult, you may need to improve your study skills or your organization of time.
Remember to get enough food and sleep! These affect you emotionally as well as physically.
Make contacts and friends through shared activities such as sports or other interests.
If you stop being able to do normal social and academic things, seek professional help either from your advisor or dean or the counseling service.
（1）What might be a sign of feeling homesick?
A. Feeling like quarreling with someone else.
B. Becoming interested in study than ever before.
C. Finding food or fruit less attractive.
D. Participating in almost all activities in college.
（2）New college students might be homesick because .
A. they are never far away from their parents
B. they feel upset about something unexpected
C. they suddenly do not have anything to do
D. they do not like the university they are in
（3）Which of the following measures might be helpful for homesick students according to the text?
A. Keeping their old friends left behind.
B. Reminding themselves to keep busy and forget it.
C. Forcing themselves to stay in their dorms on weekends.
D. Going in for sports with their friends.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了刚离开家上大学的学生面对新环境可能遇到的问题和给他们提出的建议。

（1）细节理解题。

由原文“Increases/decreases in appetite.”可知，如果一个人想家，就有可能增加或减少食欲，所以C选项“感觉食物或水果失去吸引力”符合题意，而其他选项“想跟别人吵架”、“对学习比以前更感兴趣”和“几乎参加了大学所有的活动”都不符合题意。

所以答案选C。

（2）细节理解题。

由原文“Unhappiness when things are different from your expectations of student life.”可知，当事情不符合新入学的学生的期望时，他们就会不高兴。

所以B选项“他们对不符合预期的事物感到厌烦”符合题意。

所以答案选B。

（3）推理判断题。

由原文“Keep in good contact with the people you have left behind”可知，要跟留下的人保持联系，所以A选项“要一直让老朋友留下”是不正确的。

由原文“Set up a balance between work and leisure.”可知，应该在工作和休闲之前建立一个平衡，所以B选项“提醒他们自己保持忙碌并忘记想家”是不符合题意的。

由原文“Make contacts and friends through shared activities such as sports or other interests.”可知，可以通过运动或其他兴趣来结识其他朋友，所以C选项“强迫自己周末待在宿舍”是不符合题意的，而D选项“跟朋友一起运动”是正确的。

所以答案选D。

【点评】推断题型答题技巧。

推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。

推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。

推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。

4．阅读理解
Take a look at the following list of numbers: 4, 8, 5, 3, 7, 9, 6. Read them loud. Now look away and spend 20 seconds memorizing them in order before saying them out loud again. If you speak English, you have about a 50% chance of remembering those perfectly. If you are Chinese, though, you're almost certain to get it right every time. Why is that? Because we most easily memorize whatever we can say or read within a two-second period. And unlike English, the Chinese language allows them to fit all those seven numbers into two seconds.
That example comes from Stanislas Dahaene's book The Number Sense. As Dahaene explains: Chinese number words are remarkably brief. Most of them can be spoken out in less than one-quarter of a second (for instance, 4 is “si” and 7 “qi”). Their English pronunciat ions are longer. The memory gap between English and Chinese apparently is entirely due to this difference in length. It turns out that there is also a big difference in how number-naming systems in Western and
Asian languages are constructed. In English, we say fourteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, so one might expect that we would also say oneteen, twoteen, threeteen, and fiveteen. But we don't. We use a different form: eleven, twelve, thirteen and fifteen. For numbers above 20, we put the “decade” first and the unit number second (twenty-one, twenty-two), while for the teens, we do it the other way around (fourteen, seventeen, eighteen). The number system in English is highly irregular. Not so in China, Japan, and Korea. They have a logical counting system. Eleven is ten-one. Twelve is ten-two. Twenty-four is two-tens-four and so on.
That difference means that Asian children learn to count much faster than American children. Four-year-old Chinese children can count, on average, to 40. American children at that age can count only to 15. By the age of five, in other words, American children are already a year behind their Asian friends in the most fundamental of math skills.
The regularity of their number system also means that Asian children can perform basic functions, such as addition, far more easily. Ask an English-speaking seven-year-old to add thirty-seven plus twenty-two in her head, and she has to change the words to numbers (37+22). Only then can she do the math: 2 plus 7 is 9 and 30 and 20 is 50, which makes 59. Ask an Asian child to add three-tens-seven and two-tens-two, and then the necessary equation(等式) is right there, in the sentence. No number translation is necessary: it's five-tens-nine.
When it comes to math, in other words, Asians have a built-in advantage. For years, students from China, South Korea, and Japan --- outperformed their Western classmates at mathematics, and the typical assumption is that it has something to do with a kind of Asian talent for math. The differences between the number systems in the East and the West suggest something very different --- that being good at math may also be rooted in a group's culture.
（1）What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The Asian number-naming system helps grasp advanced math skills better.
B. Western culture fail to provide their children with adequate number knowledge.
C. Children in Western countries have to learn by heart the learning things.
D. Asian children's advantage in math may be sourced from their culture.
（2）What makes a Chinese easier to remember a list of numbers than an American?
A. Their understanding of numbers.
B. Their mother tongue.
C. Their math education.
D. Their different IQ.
（3）Asian children can reach answers in basic math functions more quickly because ____________.
A. they pronounce the numbers in a shorter period
B. they practice math from an early age
C. they don't have to translate language into numbers first
D. American children can only count to 15 at the age of four
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文为介绍说明文。

文章介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响，同时也发现了一个非常不同的地方：善于数学也可能植根于一个群体的文化中。

（1）主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，本文介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响。

同时根据第三段中的The number system in English is highly irregular.Not so in China, Japan, and Korea. They have a logical counting system.（英语中的数字系统是高度不规则的。

在中国、日本、韩国则不是这样的。

他们有一个逻辑计数系统。

）及第四段中的That difference means that Asian children learn to count much faster than American children.（这种差异意味着亚洲儿童比美国儿童学的要快得多。

）可推知，本文主要探讨了亚洲儿童在数学方面的优势可能来源于他们的文化的问题。

故选D。

（2）推理判断题。

根据第一段中的Because we most easily memorize whatever we can say or read within a two-second period. And unlike English, the Chinese language allows them to fit all those seven numbers into two seconds.（因为我们最容易记住我们在一两秒钟内能说或读的东西。

与英语不同，汉语允许他们把这七个数字放在两秒钟之内）可推知，比起美国人，中国人的母语让中国人更容易记住一列数字。

故选B。

（3）细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中对亚洲孩子与美国孩子在基本数学运算方面的对比可知，亚洲儿童可以更快地在基本数学运算中找到答案，是因为他们不必先把语言翻译成数字。

故选C。

5．阅读理解
Visitors must present all carried items for inspection upon entry. After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrella, parcels and other items as determined by security officers must be left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance. All oversized bags, backpacks and luggage must be left at the checkrooms near the 4th Street entrance of either the East or West Building. These items will have to be x-rayed before being accepted. Items of value, such as laptop computers, cameras and fur coats, may not be left in the checkrooms but may be carried into the gallery. We regret that the museum doesn't have enough space for visitors items larger than 17*26 inches in the gallery.
Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the gallery. *For the safety of the artworks and other visitors, nothing may be carried on a visitor's back. Soft front-baby carriers are allowed, but children may not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier worn on the back. Wheelchairs are available free of charge near each checkroom.
*Smoking is prohibited. Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas. Unopened bottled water may be carried only in a visitor's bag. Cell phones may not be used in the gallery.
*Animals, other than service animals, are not permitted.
*Skateboarding is prohibited.
*Picture-taking(including video) for personal use is permitted except in the special exhibits.
*Please don't touch the works of art.
（1）According to the text, which item can be carried into the gallery?
A. umbrella
B. package
C. Ipad
D. suitcase
（2）When in the gallery, what can visitors do?
A. They can carry opened bottled water in their bags.
B. They can drink inside the food service areas.
C. They can take pictures for personal use anywhere.
D. They must pay if they use wheelchairs for the children.
（3）What is the text mainly about?
A. The polices of the gallery
B. The artworks of the gallery
C. The location of the gallery
D. The history of the gallery
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了参观博物馆的一些规定。

比如，游客携带的物品需要在入口处接受检查；过大的物品不允许带入博物馆；此外，除了服务犬外其他动物不允许进入等等。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrella, parcels and other items as determined by security officers must be left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance.“可知，伞、背包和手提包等都不可以带进国家美术馆。

故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。

根据带星号要点的第二点“Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas.“可知，不允许饮食服务区以外的食品和饮料，可推知可以饮用饮食服务区内供应的饮料，故选B。

(3)考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，本文介绍了艺术展上，参观者需要注意的事项，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团). It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.
At the same time, the "Fringe" appeared as a challenge(挑战) to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little -- known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the "Fringe", once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator(行政人员) was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.
（1）What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?
A.To bring Europe together again.
B.To honor heroes of World War II.
C.To introduce young theatre groups.
D.To attract great artists from Europe.
（2）Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?
A.They owned a public house there.
B.They came to take up a challenge.
C.They thought they were also famous.
D.They wanted to take part in the festival.
（3）What does the "Fringe" mean in the third paragraph?
A.unpopular groups
B.non-official groups
C.foreign groups
D.local groups
（4）We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival .
A.has become a non-official event
B.has gone beyond an art festival
C.gives shows all year round
D.keeps growing rapidly
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱丁堡音乐节形成和发展，包括对创设目的，参与群体，发展规模等方面进行了简要而准确的叙述，回顾了爱丁堡音乐节的发展历程。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.”可知，这个Edinburgh Festival是为了在二战后重新团结欧洲。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in
the belief that everyone should have the right to perform,” 可知这些队伍认为每个人都有表演的权力，所以他们想要参加节日。

故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“At the same time, the ‘Fringe’ appeared as a challenge(挑战) to the official festival. ”可知Fringe 与official是相对的；再根据“Eight theatre groups turned up？”以及第四段中的“Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform ”可知很多团体和大学生也参与了进来，所以Fringe译为非正式的，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“ today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. ”可知它发展的非常快。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Climate change is perhaps the key issue of our time. Often, however, it is presented to us as being so abstract that it seems impossibly distant. For those of you looking for something a little more concrete, a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.
The report, put out by The Climate Institute, describes the effects of climate change on various coffee-growing nations and the resultant effects on the plants and those who grow them.
Coffee Arabica plants, which produce 70% of all commercial coffee, can be adversely affected by even a half-degree change in typical weather conditions. This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.
In Central America the average temperature has risen by a full degree Celsius since 1960. In Ethiopia the average temperature has increased by 1. 3 degrees. This increase is enough to have notable effects on the plants. In Tanzania the productivity per hectare of coffee has fallen by half since the 1960s due to changes in temperature.
Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half. Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations (海拔) to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas. Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies. Millions of people make a living in the production, processing, transport, and sale of coffee; their livelihoods would stand to take a blow as growing areas decrease and prices rise.
As the temperature keeps rising, your cup of coffee will become much more expensive, and it may also carry an aftertaste bitterer than usual, for all those workers in the coffee belt left without the means to make a living as conditions worsen. Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.
（1）What does the underlined word "adversely" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. slightly B. temporarily C. harmfully D. gradually
（2）Why will people have to grow coffee in highland areas?
A. To adapt to the change of temperature.
B. To increase the quality of the products.
C. To reduce the cost of coffee production
D. To get access to water supply more easily.
（3）What conclusion can we draw from the last two paragraphs?
A. The rich will get richer and the poor poorer.
B. Small changes may have large effects in general.
C. Developed countries ought to aid poor countries.
D. Coffee trade will eventually disappear in the world.
（4）How does the author feel about the future of coffee production?
A. Cautious.
B. Worried.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Hopeful.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。

到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。

咖啡产业的变化会对社会造成很多影响。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.”这种对温度的敏感性增加了植物受到气候变化影响的风险。

由此推断出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的产量占所有商业咖啡的70%，在典型的天气条件下，即使气温只上升了半度，也会对其产生不利影响。

"adversely"意思是有害的，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost low land areas.”咖啡生产很可能会被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的温度，但这将不足以弥补失去的低地地区。

由此推断出，人们要在高地地区种植咖啡是为了适应温度的变化，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactio ns in their economies.”咖啡是发展中国家的第二大贸易商品，而生产国无法出口咖啡，可能会在其经济中引发巨大的连锁反应)和最后一段中的“Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.”不仅如此，其经济影响还将使西方国家在增加对外援助方面损失数百万美元。

由此推断出，这些小的变化也可能产生大的影响，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.”一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。

和第五段中的“Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half.”事实上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面
积将减少一半。

由此推断出，作者对咖啡生产的未来很担忧，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
At times we all get angry when we are driving. It might be because we are stuck in a traffic jam or stuck behind a very slow driver. It might be because we think another driver has done something very stupid and dangerous. Whatever the reason, it seems that getting angry in a car is something which happens more and more often and there is now a special term for it: "road rage". Some experts even think that road rage is a kind of mental illness! How can we recognize this "illness" of road rage?
There are two kinds of road rage: aggressive driving and aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving. Aggressive driving can take different forms:
Driving much faster than the speed limit.
Increasing your speed very quickly.
Driving very close behind the car in front and sounding the horn or flashing the headlights.
Changing lanes very suddenly and blocking another car.
Moving into a parking space where another ear is trying to park.
There are also different reactions to the way other people are driving. These include:
Making rude signs at people.
Shouting at people and threatening them.
Deliberately driving into another person's car.
Hitting somebody.
Using a weapon such as a baseball bat, or even a gun or a knife.
Road rage is certainly not a joke. There have been incidents of road rage which have led to serious injuries and even murder. Experts think that one reason for road rage is that films show a lot of examples of fast and aggressive driving such as car chases where this kind of driving seems to be positive.
Experts also think that the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious enough. Experience shows that driving problems can be controlled，but it takes a long time. In the UK in the last 30 years, he police have been quite successful in reducing the number of people who drink and drive. They are now working to stop people using mobile phones when they are driving. Let's hope they can have the same success with road rage.
（1）Which of the following describes aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving？
A. Making polite signs at people.
B. Shouting at people and threatening them.
C. Driving much faster than the speed limit.
D. Moving into a parking space where another car is trying to park.
（2）Road rage happens possibly because______.
A. we are in a fast-changing society
B. it won't cause serious injuries or death
C. the drivers themselves have done something stupid
D. the drivers won't get severe punishments for dangerous driving
（3）What's the tone of the last paragraph？
A. Sad.
B. Cold.
C. Optimistic.
D. Exciting.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么是路怒以及路怒的类型和表现。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据对他人驾驶方式的攻击性反应介绍中的"●Shouting at people and threatening them."可知，对其他司机大喊或威胁属于对他人驾驶方式的攻击性反应，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Experts also think that the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious enough."可知，专家们认为对危险驾驶的惩罚力度还不够，由此可知，路怒发生的原因可能是危险驾驶而不会受到严厉的惩罚，故选D。

（3）考查观点态度。

根据最后一段中的"Let's hope they can have the same success with road rage."可知，让我们希望他们在处理路怒上也会取得同样的成功，由此可知最后一段作者的语调是乐观的，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．The passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
In a career that lasted more than half a century, Tom Wolfe wrote fiction and nonfiction best-sellers including The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test and The Bonfire of the Vanities. Along the way, he created a new type of journalism and coined phrases that became part of the American vocabulary.
Wolfe began working as a newspaper reporter, first for The Washington Post, then the New York Herald Tribune. He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the "New Journalism." "I've always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonfiction are interchangeable," he said. "The things that work in nonfiction would work in fiction, and vice versa."
"When Tom Wolfe's voice broke into the world of nonfiction, it was a time when a lot of writers, and a lot of artists in general, were turning inwards," says Lev Grossman, book critic for Time magazine. "Wolfe didn't do that. Wolfe turned outwards. He was a guy who was interested in other people." Wolfe was interested in how they thought, how they did things and how the things they did affected the world around them.。