河北石家庄市第一中学高考英语任务型阅读习题及答案 百度文库

一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Every person has a history of pain and tragedy that includes regret from the situation. At times, it's often hard to explain that pain to someone else. The challenge with a tragedy is the lack of support from someone.
This has often been my challenge when I try to explain what occurred to me. When I was younger, I was a victim of a tragic accident that changed my life both academically and emotionally. At sixteen months old, due to the neglect of my babysitter I fell off the bed. The injury was so severe that I was rushed to the emergency room and the doctors explained to my mom that I suffered from a blood clot (血块) located on the left side of the brain.
I was later diagnosed with what is known as a traumatic brain injury (外伤性脑损伤)．This accident affects my long term memory and testing ability. I often struggle with understanding information related to school and feel frustrated that I will not pass my tests. The pressure of school is so much, since I must always work harder than most students.
I become easily disappointed that I study a lot but often flunk or re-take tests. It is hard to imagine, because in my mind I feel prepared for the work; however, the test results do not connect with the information in my brain. Although I always don't pass my tests, I feel like this injury encourages me to work and shows me that I can be confident when it comes to the future. For example, I have been able to maintain my grades, been employed for over a year at a local restaurant, and obtained my driver's license. I look forward to attending college, getting married, raising a family, and being a success. I will continue to live my life to the fullest and prove that an injury does not limit my life journey.
（1）What is worse when someone suffers a tragedy in his life according to the author?(no more than 7 words)
（2）What was the author's tragic accident that changed his life? (no more than 9 words) （3）Why is the author always struggling with his study at school? (no more than 8 words) （4）What does the underlined word “flunk” mean in the last paragraph? (1 word)
（5）What do you think of the author? Give your reasons. (no more than 25words)
【答案】（1）The lack of support from someone./Lacking support from others.
（2）He fell off the bed at sixteen months old.
（3）Because he got a traumatic brain injury./His memory and testing ability became poor.（4）Fail
（5）He is positive/optimistic. Although his life is changed by a tragic accident, he wants to live a full life.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。

作者因为十六个月时摔下床，导致大脑受到创伤，影响了作者的长期记忆和操作能力，使得作者学习事物变得艰难。

但是作者依然保持乐观，对未来充满了希望。

（1）考查信息归纳。

根据第一段中的“The challenge with a tragedy is the lack of support from someone.”可知作者认为比生活中遭遇悲剧更糟糕的是缺少他人的支持。

故填The lack
of support from someone./Lacking support from others.。

（2）考查信息归纳。

根据第二段中的“At sixteen months old, due to the neglect of my babysitter I fell off the bed.”可知改变了作者人生的悲剧事故是他在十六个月的时候摔下了床。

故填He fell off the bed at sixteen months old.。

（3）考查信息归纳。

根据第三段中的“This accident affects my long term memory and te sting ability.”可知这次事故导致作者的大脑受到创伤，影响了作者的长期记忆和操作能力，因此导致作者经常很难理解与学校有关的信息。

故填Because he got a traumatic brain injury./His memory and testing ability became poor.。

（4）考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的“I become easily disappointed that I study a lot but often”可知作者虽然努力学习了，但是变得很容易失望，可以推测作者的学习经常“失败；不及格”，故填fail。

（5）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中的“I look forward to attending college, getting married, raising a family, and being a success. I will continue to live my life to the fullest and prove that an injury does not limit my life journey.”可知作者虽然被一次意外事故改变了生活，但是依然对生活充满期待，渴望过充实的生活。

故填He is positive/optimistic. Although his life is changed by a tragic accident, he wants to live a full life.。

【点评】本题涉及信息归纳，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

2．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

每个空格只填一个单词。

A psychotherapist once taught me a little trick that helped me feel less angry at my partner and less sad about the failings of our relationship.
She said, "Look at him and imagine him as a very little boy; that way, you separate yourself somewhat from the adult, and you are likely to understand and forgive him."
It actually helped. I couldn't be as mad at or disappointed by a child as I could be with a grown man. So, at least on some occasions, we were both spared the heartache of an uncomfortable silence or a not-so-silent argument. And I sometimes still use versions of that trick whenever I feel frustrated or angry in other relationships or personal exchanges.
But what if you could mentally change the form of the emotion itself? According to scientists at the University of Texas, maybe you can.
Focusing specifically on sadness, the researchers asked two groups of study participants to write about a time in their lives when they felt very sad. They then asked one group to imagine sadness as a person, and write down a description of the person they imagined would be sadness. Not surprisingly, the participants described sadness in such ways as an older person with gray hair and sunken eyes or a young girl holding her head down as she slowly walked along.
The researchers asked the other group of participants to write down a description of sadness with respect to its impact on their moods. When asked to rate their levels of sadness after completing their descriptions, the participants who wrote about the emotion itself and how it affects them reported higher levels of sadness than the group that anthropomorphized (人格
化)sadness into a specific type of person with familiar human characteristics. The researchers suggest that by giving life to the emotion, participants can view sadness as something (or someone) separate and somewhat distant from themselves, helping them relieve their negative feelings.
While it's okay to feel sad, many people behave in unconscious and sometimes self-destructive ways to distract or "save" themselves when they are consumed by negative emotions. So in the study authors wanted to know whether or not the group that reported feeling less sad would make smarter shopping decisions.
They tested this by asking participants in both groups to first choose between a salad or a cheesecake dessert to go with the main dish they were having for lunch. The researchers also asked participants to choose between a computer loaded with features for productivity or a computer loaded with features for entertainment. Those study participants who had anthropomorphized their emotions were more likely to choose the salad and the productive computer than those who had simply written about their feelings.
For obvious reasons, then, they say this technique is best for reduce negative emotions.
affect/influence/impact；control；life；rich/high/abundant；Conclusion
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了缓解悲伤情绪的方法——将悲伤的情绪具体化，但要将悲伤的情绪与相应的人分割开。

同时文章中还介绍了一些实验，要求实验对象将自己悲伤的情绪想象成一个人，并赋予这个“人”以生命，从而达到减轻悲伤情绪的目的。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“a little trick that helped me feel less angry at my partner and less sad about the failings of our relationship.”心理治疗师告诉了作者一个帮助自己对父母不那么生气以及对关系不那么难过的方法。

文章第一段为主旨段，提取关键词
less。

在做文章标题时应注意大写。

故填Less。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Look at him and imagine him as a very little boy;”可知应填imagine，但by为介词，后接动名词，故填imagining。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“we were both spared the heartache of an uncomfortable silence or a not-so-silent argument.” 可知。

我们都可以免于一个不舒服沉默带来的心痛或不那么沉默带来的争论。

be spared of固定短语，“幸免于”，即对双方都有好处或益处。

故填beneficial/helpful。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“Not surprisingly, the participants described sadness in such ways ”可知，毫无意外的是，参与者用那样的方式描述了悲伤。

Not surprisingly=It is no surprise that。

故填surprise。

（5）考查推理判断“根据第六段中的”the participants who wrote about the emotion itself ...reported higher level of sadness than ...“情绪本身的参与者有着更高层次的悲伤，因此与之相对应的，将悲伤描述成一个人的，悲伤的层次较低。

故填lower。

（6）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的”Those study participants who had anthropomorphized their emotions were more likely to choose the salad and the productive computer than those who had simply written about their feelings.“接受了心理治疗的参与者更有可能选择沙拉作为作为主菜，且会选择装有工具性软件的电脑，说明心理治疗会对参与者造成影响，故填affect/influence/impact。

（7）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第三段中的”While it's okay to feel sad, many people behave in unconscious and...“可知。

当沉浸在悲伤里时，很多人就会表现的无意识，即失去了对自己的控制。

故填control。

（8）考查推理判断。

根据anthropomorphized一词，及第六段中的”The researchers suggest that by giving life to the emotion, participants can view sadness as something (or someone) separate and somewhat distant from themselves, helpi ng them relieve their negative feelings.“通过将情绪赋予生命，参与者可以将悲伤从别的事情中分离开来，帮助他们减少负面情绪。

故填life。

（9）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的”choose between a salad or a cheesecake dessert “可知，这些都是高甜、高热量的食物，故填rich/high/abundant。

（10）考查概括归纳。

根据最后一段中的”For obvious reasons, then, they say th is technique is best for reduce negative emotions.“这样的方式是减低负面情绪最好的方法。

最后一段是对整篇文章的归纳总结，故填Conclusion。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和概括归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确理解细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。

3．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

The changes facing fast-food companies
Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.
But in this ongoing recession(萧条), which is more severe, not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising.
In face of such challenges, some fast-food companies have sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping to tempt more customers through the door. But in many cases that strategy doesn't work. Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.
Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challe nge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe” line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. As fast-food companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”, they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.
But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity(肥胖). These offerings don't necessarily lead to profit loss, as they can broaden the appeal of stores to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger.
But calls for tougher government regulation never wear down. This year Congress passed America's health-reform bill, which requires restaurant chains with 20 or more stores to put the calorie-content of items they serve to the menu. And the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals”, because law makers believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.
The changes facing fast-food companies
⑴________ ⑵________ ⑶________ ⑷________ ⑸________ ⑹________ ⑺________ ⑻____ ____ ⑼________ ⑽________
【答案】survivors/competitors/businesses/companies；appeals；instead；decreased/reduced/less；Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways；high/higher；added；profitable；healthy/healthier；creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快餐公司在经济衰退中面临的挑战以及他们所采取的对策，同时指出随着更严格的食品法的实施，快餐公司应变得更有创造性。

（1）考查名词。

根据第一段中的“As a result, f ast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors.”快餐连锁店在经济衰退中比那些价格更高的竞争对手生存得更好，他们成为了更好的幸存者、竞争者、企业或公司，故填survivors/competitors/businesses/companies。

（2）考查动词。

根据第一段中的“When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals lik e Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.”可知，在经济衰退期间，便宜的快餐更吸引消费者，appeal to表示“吸引”，故填appeals。

（3）考查固定搭配。

根据第二段中的“In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.”可知，在经济衰退期间，很多人为了省钱选择在家吃饭而不是出去吃，insead of表示“代替、而不是”，故填instead。

（4）考查形容词。

根据第二段中的“Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the
Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising. ”可知，小型的快餐公司在经济衰退中受到更沉重的打击是因为它们削减了广告开支，修饰名词spending用形容词，表示“更少的、被削减的”，故填decreased/reduced/less。

（5）考查名词。

第三、四段介绍了快餐公司为了应对这些挑战所采取的对策，故填Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways。

（6）考查形容词。

根据第三段中的“Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandw ich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.”可知，一些快餐公司重新考虑他们的战略，像肯德基就推出了一款售价5,美元的鸡肉三明治以吸引消费者放弃1美元的特价，与1美元的特价相比，他们的商品的价格是较高的，故填high/higher。

（7）考查名词。

倒数第三段举麦当劳卖咖啡和早餐粥为例证明快餐公司的食谱中增加一些新食品来保持较高的客流量，故填added。

（8）考查形容词。

根据倒数第三段中的“McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.”可知，麦当劳卖早餐粥是因为它的利润更大，此处用形容词作表语，故填profitable。

（9）考查形容词。

根据倒数第二段中的“So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity”可知，快餐公司提供像沙拉和低卡路里的三明治这样健康的食物来避开政府监管，故填healthy/healthier。

（10）考查形容词。

根据最后一段中的“suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.”可知，随着更为严格的食品法的通过，快餐公司需要继续尝试新的东西，更有创造性、更灵活，此处缺少形容词作表语，故填creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable。

【点评】信息匹配题解题步骤：（一）先“少”后“多”；（二）锁定关键信息：抓实词；（三）信息匹配题１.寻找同义、相同的词或词组；２.寻找近义词或词组；３.留意数字（包括时间）；（四）读懂省略文字；（五）学会“认”生词；（六）巧用标注记号。

4．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Find a quiet location. Keep a routine. Focus on one subject at a time. It all seems like sound advice for students who need to hit the books, ________ . Here's a list of tips from Carey, a scientist, for getting the most out of your study time.
________.
Doing practice quizzes can help you retrieve（检索）information on test day. “Tests have a very bad reputation as a measurement tool,” Carey says. But psychologists have found self-tests slow down the forgetting of material you've studied. “If you study something once, and then you test yourself on it,” Carey says, “you do better than if you study it twice over.”
Move around
________ . “If you move around and study the same material in several places,” he says, “you
may be forming multiple associations for the same material. So it's better anchored in your brain, and you can pull it out easier.”
Mix it up
Think about a football who does strength training, speed training and drills. Carey says alternating between different face ts facts of a subject in a single sitting can “leave a deeper impression on the brain”. For example, when studying French, do some verbs, some speaking and some reading. ________ .
Space it out
Information learned in a hurry is lost just as fast. So if you really want to learn, space out shorter, hour-long study sessions. “There's no doubt that you can cram for（突击备考）an exam.” Carey says, “________. And once it's gone, “it's gone. You're not getting it back.”
A. Test yourself
B. Study it and practice more
C. and it turns out that some of them are in great help
D. but recent studies indicate the conventional wisdom is wrong
E. The problem is that it's so easy to forget what you just crammed
F. Changing up where you study can help you keep more information
G. Spending your time in deep concentration on just verbs isn't effective
【答案】 D；A；F；G；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何充分利用你的学习时间的几点建议。

（1）上文说找一个安静的地方，保持常规，一次只关注一个科目，这似乎都是很合理的建议，下文又介绍了如何充分利用你的学习时间的几点建议，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，既与上文的建议形成转折关系，又要引出下文介绍的建议，故D项（但是，最近的研究表明传统的观点是错误的）符合语境。

（2）根据本段内容，特别是“Doing practice quizzes can help you retrieve information on test day”可知，做练习题可以帮助你在考试当天检索信息，本段讲的是要进行自我测试，故A 项（自我测试）符合语境。

（3）根据本空后的“If you move around and study the same material in several places,” he says, “you may be forming multiple associations for the same material.”可知，如果你在不同的地方学习同一种材料，你会产生多种联想，此处讲的是在不同的地点学习的好处，故F项（改变学习地点可以帮助你保存更多信息）符合语境。

（4）根据本空前的“For example, when studying French, do some verbs, some speaking and some reading.”可知，学习法语时，做一些动词，说一些，读一些，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于学习法语的内容，故G项（把时间集中在动词上是没有效果的）符合语境。

（5）根据本空后的“And once it's gone, “it's gone. You're not getting it back.”可知，一旦它消失了，你就想不起来了，此处说的是有关遗忘的内容，故E项（问题是你很容易忘记刚刚记住的东西）符合语境。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤
1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。

2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。

3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要
把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

5．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you travel, you will leave a carbon footprint in your wake. You can't help it. But eco-friendly travel practices can lighten the harm on Mother Earth. Green travel is not a passing trend but a lifestyle choice. ________.
Choosing a green destination
No destination is a Green Giant. ________. However, some countries and cities show a deep commitment to Earth-friendly policies and practices. When researching a vacation spot, look for places that naturally embrace the green lifestyle.
Choosing green transportation
What makes Mother Earth proud? Seeing you use your own power to get around. Many adventure tour operators arrange cycling, hiking and walking holidays. ________. The greenest rides typically run on electric power. Switzerland is taking the lead with its hybrid buses and trains powered by hydroelectricity; Japan is running close behind.
Choosing a green hotel
Once you are at your destination, if you can get the hotel right, you can make the greatest impact. ________. Look for a fact sheet online, or call the front desk. You can also search for hotels approved by respected certification programs, such as Green Key and the Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
________.
The Earth-friendly choices are numerous: You can sail, bike, kayak, bike, swim, bird-watch and play I-spy-a-monkey in a tree. Visit a local food market, and don't forget to bring a reusable bag for purchases. You can also lend a hand during your holiday. The green movement has changed from how to preserve and protect to how to use less and do good when you're there.
A. Choosing green travel
B. Choosing green activities
C. Next in line are trains and buses
D. They all make environmental missteps
E. Most major chains operate in-house green program
F. If you plan to drive, consider a fuel-efficient vehicle
G. Follow the tips and watch your footprints turn greener
【答案】 G；D；C；E；B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何进行绿色旅游的几点建议。

（1）上文说绿色旅游不是一时的潮流，而是一种生活方式的选择，下文又介绍了绿色旅游的建议，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，G项（遵循这些建议，看着你的脚印变得更绿）符合语境，故答案选G。

（2）根据本空前的“No destination is a Green Giant.”可知，没有哪一个目的地是绿色巨人，此处是说它们在环境方面都有不足之处，D项（它们都犯了环境方面的错误）符合语境，故答案选D。

（3）根据本空前的“Many adventure tour operators arrange cycling, hiking and walking holidays.”可知，很多探险旅行社安排自行车、徒步旅行和徒步度假，此处说的还是旅行方式，C项（接下来是火车和公共汽车）符合语境，故答案选C。

（4）根据本空后的“Look for a fact sheet online, or call the front desk.”可知，在网上找一份简报，或打电话给前台，此处应该提到企业或机构，E项（大多数大型连锁企业都有自己的绿色计划）符合语境，故答案选E。

（5）根据本段中的“The Earth-friendly choices are numerous”可知，有很多绿色活动可供选择，B项（选择绿色活动）符合语境，故答案选B。

【点评】七选五阅读解题技巧如下：1.注重句式的对接，比如排比句，祈使句等。

2. 注重词汇的衔接：也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词，即词的复现原则进行判断，其中包括同义词，原词和反义词的复现。

3.注重举例或解释等。

6．任务型阅读
Why do some people feel obliged to do the craziest things, while most of us are happy to sit on the sofa and watch their exploits on TV? Robin Styles ponders(考虑)this question.
Generally, we love to watch someone's bravery and drama--a single person against the wilds of nature, testing their endurance beyond belief. And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk-free life, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour. ________However, there are countless ways to test the limits of your endurance, if you should wish to do so, by attempting something unpleasant, uncomfortable or just plain dangerous.
American Lynne Cox swims in sub-zero temperatures through the planet's most dangerous oceans wearing only a swimsuit--for fun! According to Lynne, there is always something driving her on. At age 9, when she was swimming in an outdoor pool one day, a violent storm blew up, but she refused to get out of the pool. Something make her carry on. Then she realized that, as the water got colder and rougher, she was actually getting faster and warmer, and she was really enjoying it. At age 14, she broke her first endurance record. Years later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat, like a seal. ________
The famous British explorer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, has led many major expeditions (远征) in the extreme cold, including walking right round the Arctic Circle. He has also led expeditions in the extreme heat, and discovered the Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert. ________Sir Fiennes has said, "If I am getting sick, I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it."
________There is probably no such thing as a "normal" adventurer. Unsurprisingly, risk-takers tend to be single-minded and unusually determined people who hate the stability and routine that most people prefer. They tend to take risks for the "fun" of it. The excitement becomes addictive, and they want more and more of it. Ordinary life seems boring in comparison.
A. She is perfectly made for doing what she does, it seems.
B. Adventurers are clearly different from the rest of us.
C What she did was really beyond our imagination.
D. It seems that many adventurers spend their lives trying to live up to the image of a parent.
E. And most of us would prefer it to remain that way.
F. Many adventurers have amazed the world with their extraordinary skills.
【答案】 E；A；D；B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了一些人喜欢以冒险为乐趣。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk-free life, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour.”我们过着一种舒适的、越来越没有风险的生活，和后面的转折可知，我们大多数人都希望保持这种舒适的状态。

故选E。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Years later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat, like a seal.”可知，琳·考克斯就像海豹一样脂肪层完全均匀，似乎天生就适合做她所做的事情。

故选A。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“Sir Fiennes has said, "If I am getting sick, I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it." 费因斯爵士曾说过：“如果我生病了，我发现一种非常强大的战胜它的方法就是知道我父亲肯定会这么做。

”，从而可以推断出，很多冒险家都是为了不辜负父母的期望。

故选D。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“There is probably no such thing as a ‘normal’ adventurer.”可能没有所谓的“正常”冒险家，可知，冒险家显然不同于我们其他人。

故选B。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

7．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

The Bigger Sleep
School starting times in America vary from an average of 7:48 am in go-getting Mississippi to 8:31am in late-rising Connecticut. According to a survey by the National Centre for Education Statistics in 2017-18, only in two states - Alaska and Connecticut---do schools start after 8:30 am, the earliest recommended time by a number of medical organisations.
On October 13th Gavin Newsom, California's governor, signed legislation setting a limit on starting times of half past eight for high-schoolers , in the hope that they will benefit from the extra time in bed.
There is plenty of reason to think they will. Adolescents require more sleep in the morning which will keep them energetic the whole day. A research review by scientists at the Centres for Disease Control finds that later school starting times correspond with improved attendance, less falling asleep in class, and better grades. The Rand Corporation estimates that moving to a half-past-eight start across the country would boost the economy by more than $80bn within a decade.
In response to the evidence, school districts across the country have begun to move starting times back, but California is the first state to take the leap. Parents and unions are often bitterly opposed. The California Teachers Association resisted the change, citing the financial burden on
schools as they adjust to the new hours, as well as the burden on parents who work as laborers or in the service industry, and cannot start work later. Last year Mr Newsom's predecessor, Jerry Brown, vetoed similar legislation, saying the decision should be left to school districts. Supporters argue that it is appropriate for the state to set a minimum health-and-welfare standard, as it does in other areas. It will be up to school districts to decide whether to end the day later, or cut its length. Anthony Portantino, the democratic state senator who introduced the legislation, believes evidence of the change's benefits will soon win over opponents in rural areas. "There really is no significant reason not to do this," he says, "other than an overwhelming resistance to change from adults."
estimated；opponents；finance；fail；exist
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。

关于美国学校早上上学时间推后，有些人支持也有些人反对，双方分别提出了各自支持和反对的理由。

（1）考查形容词。

根据第一段中的“School starting times in America vary from an average of 7:48 am in go-getting Mississippi to 8:31am in late-rising Connecticut.” 可知，在美国上学时间从早上7:48到早上8:31不等，美国学校有不同的上学时间，故填various/different/diverse。

（2）考查动词。

根据第一段中的“only in two states - Alaska and Connecticut 一do schools start after 8:30 am, the earliest recommended time by a number of medical organisations.”可知，只有两个州，阿拉斯加州和康涅狄格州的学校在早上8:30之后上学，这是很多医疗机构建议的最早上学时间，只有阿拉斯加州和康涅狄格州的学校遵守了建议的上学时间，故
填obey/follow/observe。

（3）考查形容词。

根据第二段中的“signed legislation setting a limit on starting times of half past eight for high-schoolers , in the hope that they will benefit from the extra time in bed.”可知，立法规定中学生八点半上学，希望他们早上能多睡一会，可推断中生上学时间不应早于8:30，故填earlier。

（4）考查形容词。

根据第三段中的“Ad olescents require more sleep in the morning which will keep them energetic the whole day.”可知，青少年早上需要更多的睡眠，这将使他们一整天都精力充沛，energetic是形容词精力旺盛的，故填energetic。

（5）考查名词。

根据第三段中的“ter school starting times correspond with improved attendance, less falling aslee p in class, and better grades.”可知，早上晚些去上学与缺勤率下降、课堂睡眠减少和成绩提高有关，故填absence。

（6）考查语态。

根据第三段中的“The Rand Corporation estimates that moving to a half-past-eight start across the country would boost the economy...”可知，The Rand Corporation预测，如果在全国范围八点半上学，可以给经济带来增长，填空的句子用的是表语从句“It+be+过去分词+that 从句”，所以用estimate的过去分词形式，故填estimated。

（7）考查名词。

根据第四段中的“Parents and unions are often bitterly opposed.”和第三句“The California Teachers Association resisted the change, citing the financial burden on schools as they adjust to the new h ours,”可知，父母和工会经常强烈反对，加州教师协会抵制这种变化，理由是学校在适应新的工作时间时承受着沉重的经济负担，这也呼应了第8空的句意“Schools may bear the burden of ___8___when they adjust to the new hours.” 学校在适应新的工作时间时承受着负担，这是反对者观点，故填opponents。

（8）考查名词。

根据第四段中的“citing the financial burden on schools as they adjust to the new hours”可知，学校在适应新的工作时间时承受着沉重的经济负担，finance是financial 的名词在填空句中做宾语，故填finance。

（9）考查动词。

根据第四段中的“...burden on parents who work as laborers or in the service industry, and cannot start work later.”可知，推迟早上上学时间对于从事劳动服务行业和不能推迟早上上班时间的家长是一个负担，会导致这些家长不能准时上班，fail to do sth.意为没能做成某事，故填fail。

（10）考查动词。

根据倒数第一段最后一行“There really is no significant reason not to do this...other than an overwhelming resistance to change from adults”可知, 除了来自成年人对变革压倒性的抵制，真的没有什么重要的理由不这样做，也就是说，尽管在成年人中确实存在着压倒性的抵制，但做出改变是合理的，故填exist。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，名词，动词，语态等知识点的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

8．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed。