【配套K12】四川省雅安市2016高考英语二轮复习 历史类阅读理解选练(4)

历史类阅读理解选练（4）
【2014高考英语河南省开封市一模】A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

From the health point of view we are living in a wonderful age. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. But though the pos sibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of people on the roads. Man is opposite to the motor-car! It is a neverending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people are killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering-wheel(方向盘) , his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They are rude, ill-mannered and aggressive. All their hidden frustrations and disappointments seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles on the motorist and seems to forgive the behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities and towns are made ugly by huge car parks.
It is high time a world law were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough. A law which was universally accepted could only have a beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some things that might be done. The driving test should be made to a fixed standard and far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21 ; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Driving speed should be limited on all roads. These measures may sound extremely severe. But surely nothing should be considered difficult if it results in reducing the annual
toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.
56. The main idea of this passage is______.
A. traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists
B. thousands of people in the world are killed each year
C. only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents
D. the laws of some countries about driving are too strict
57. Which of the following is right according to the passage?
A. It is right to build huge car parks in cities and towns.
B. all the drivers must be asked to take a test every year.
C. Working by car can save time and money.
D. Society overlooks their rude driving.
58. Why does the author say" his car becomes the extension of his personality" ?
A. Driving can show his real self.
B. Driving can bring out his good character.
C. Driving can make a man excited and joyful.
D. Driving can make a man quiet and pleasant.
59. The attitude of the author is______.
A. approving
B. critical
C. sympathetic
D. aggressive
【参考答案】56—59\CDAB
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

People who are taking aspirin regularly to thin their blood and are about to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery (冠状动脉旁路搭桥术) are usually to stop the aspirin a week before the operation – but they could be better off if they keep taking it. Taking aspirin up to the day coronary artery bypass grafting (移植) is performed seems to speed lung function recovery afterwards, without increasing the risk of bleeding significantly, according to a report from Israel.
Release of a substance called thromboxane (血栓素) is associated with lung injury
after heart bypass grafting, Dr Rabin Gerrah at Assuta Medical Center in Tel Aviv and his colleagues explained in the medical journal Chest. Aspirin is believed to inhibit release of thromboxane, so Gerrah’s group theorized that the administration of aspirin until the day of the surgery could improve outcomes.
They therefore followed 14 patients who took 100 milligrams of aspirin daily until the day of the surgery and 18 who stopped taking aspirin at least 7 days before the surgery.
Those who continued with their aspirin had significantly lower thromboxane in fluid around the heart, better oxygen levels in their blood and spent less time on a ventilator(呼吸器) than the group who discontinued taking aspirin.
On the other hand, the need for blood transfusions was no different between the groups, indicating that bleeding complications were no worse with aspirin.
The researchers had excluded patients who had suffered a heart attack and those with heart failure because patients like these have a higher level of thrombaxane. “They will probably benefit even more than it s inhibition.”
Based on their findings, Gerrah’s team recommends that aspirin therapy(治疗) not be discontinued before coronary artery bypass surgery.
1. From the passage we know that_______.
A. doctors usually get people who will have coronary artery bypass surgery to stop taking aspirin 7 days before the operation
B. aspirin is believed to increase release of thromboxane
C. taking aspirin up to the day coronary artery bypass grafting is performed seems to slow lung function recovery afterwards
D. patients suffering a heart attack have a lower level of thromboxane
2. The purpose of the passage is to introduce to us that _________.
A. aspirin can make for release of thromboxane
B. aspirin is useful for patients suffering a heart attack
C. different ways turn out to be the same result
D. aspirin may improve recovery after heart bypass
3. According to Dr Rabin Gerrah, patients who will have heart bypass surgery should _______.
A. stop taking aspirin before the surgery
B. take aspirin as much as they like until the day of the surgery
C. be allowed to take 100 milligrams of aspirin daily until the day of the surgery
D. take aspirin after the heart bypass operation
4. What does the underlined word “inhibit” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. to become larger or better than normal
B. to make something happen more slowly than normal
C. to cause to be nervous or embarrassed
D. to improve something in poor condition
【参考答案】1—4、ADCB
阅读理解。

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The American book Who Moved My Cheese has been a bestseller all over the world. It teaches people how to face changes in their lives. Now its author Spence Johnson has written a book just for teens. The book tells us that when facing change in our lives, like a new school or new friends, don't be afraid. Instead, use this change to make a better life. The book gives an example of a change at school. A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too may students. Several teens are talking about this. Most of them are unhappy and worried. But Chris is not. He laughs and tells a story about two mice, two "little people" and some cheese.
The four are in a maze looking for the cheese. Here, cheese means something
important in life, like moving to a new class or getting into college. But they find the cheese is gone. The mice realize that they can't change what has happened and have to find more cheese. This means finding different dreams. The little people, however, can't do this. They are afraid of change so they find no cheese.
After Chris finishes the story, the friends understand one thing: to get more cheese, move in a new direction quickly. His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teens face, such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.
1. The book Who Moved My Cheese is _______.
A. written all over the world
B. read across the world
C. sold only in America
D. loved only by teens
2. What does the text mainly discuss?
A. Never change in our life.
B. Change when you like to do.
C. Change with the changes.
D. Pay attention to the changes.
3. The underline word "four"(paragraph 3) refers to _____.
A. Mice and little people
B. Students
C. Cheese
D. Readers
4. In our lives, we should learn from _______.
A. Mice
B. Little people
C. Chris
D. Spence Johnson
5. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The author is Britain.
B. There are three terms in every school.
C. Most teens don't understand Chris' story.
D. The book tells teens how to face changes in their lives.
【参考答案】1—5、BCAAD
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy
rainfall?What do you think caused this change in colour?It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields.
Components of Soil
Soil is made up of a number of layers(层),each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The upper layer is know as the litter. It acts like a blanket,limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质),which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients,oxygen,and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil,a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock. Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain,wind,frost,and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to grow,and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada,for example,was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago.
Water Beneath the Soil
Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes,ponds,and rivers. Once in the soil or rock,it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate. As water percolates downward,it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers. This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.
Soil pH
Soil can be acidic,neutral,or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed,and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.
The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal,oil and gasoline,humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned,gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed,soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil,and also become easily attacked by diseases.
1. The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is
called .
A. litter
B. topsoil
C. humus
D. subsoil
2. According to the text,which of the following isNOT true?
A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.
B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.
C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.
D. Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.
3. We can infer from the passage that the water table lies .
A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer
B. in the subsoil layer above bedrock
C. between the subsoil layer and bedrock
D. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil
4. The underlined word“dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are .
A. rushed away into the river
B. cleaned and purified by water
C. destroyed and carried away by water
D. mixed with water and become part of it 【参考答案】1--4、BBCD
【2014高考英语河南省开封市一模】B
Li Du is a 6yearold boy. But his world is far removed from his contemporaries(同龄人). His mother died of AIDS in 2009 and his father, suffering from a terrible cough and fever, went off last summer. The HIV-positive boy lives at the end of a path on top of the mountain in his windowless, furniture-less, gray-brick house. His parents moved to the top of the mountain six years ago after both being diagnosed as HIV-positive. Dressed in torn clothes, Li Du's only relief is Lao Hei , his dog. The boy washes his clothes and cooks his own food at an age when his contemporaries are still being fed by their parents. Putting some rice and green vegetables into a pot and placing it on a stove made of several blocks, he starts a fire with amazing speed. He uses no oil or salt but still eats his meal with great enjoyment and sets aside a bit for his dog.
Li Du is HIV-positive but has no clue what those letters mean. All he knows is that those who were once his friends have deserted him and doctors refused to help him when he accidentally tipped boiling water on his hands.
"But my grandmother always comes to see me, " the boy says. However, his 84 year-old grandmother will not say why she has not taken him to live with her and his uncles and aunts.
He often sits in the open area in front of his home staring at the path that leads to the outside world, hugging his dog, lost in thought. He was in school but only for one term. The local primary school allowed him to take the preschool course for one term, but then they had to ask him to leave after his father was gone, considering the feeling of the other parents. He often takes out his old textbooks, touching them like little treasures.
The latest news is that an old couple has decided to adopt Li Du and Lao Hei, as well as the chicken he is raising. The local Red Cross Association is also talking about providing proper medical care for him. But there is still one question that troubles the little boy: "When can I go back to school? "
60. Who stays with Li Du most of the time?
A. His grandma.
B. His dog.
C. His friends.
D. The villagers.
61. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Li Du takes care of himself.
B. Li Du's food is almost tasteless.
C. Li Du has no idea what AIDS is.
D. Nobody is willing to help the boy.
62. What is the best title of the passage?
A. A Boy And His Books
B. A Capable Boy
C. A Boy Not To Be Forgotten
D. A Boy Lacking Medical Care
【参考答案】 60—62\BCD。