地质工程专业常用英文词汇

阐述expound(explain), state
引入introduce into
相应的corresponding
概念conception
概论overview
概率probability
概念化conceptualize
宏观的macroscopic
补充complement
规划plan
证明demonstrate, certify, attest
证实confirmation
补偿compensate, make up, imburse
算法algorithm
判别式discriminant
有限元方法finite element method(FEM)
样本单元法sample element method(SEM)
赤平投影法stereographic projection method(SPM)赤平投影stereographic projection
干扰位移法interference displacement method(IDM)
干扰能量法interference energy method(IEM)
条分法method of slices
极限平衡法limit equilibrium method
界面元法boundary element method
模拟simulate
计算程序computer program
数值分析numerical analysis
计算工作量calculation load
解的唯一性uniqueness of solution
多层结构模型laminated model
非线性nonlinear
横观各向同性lateral isotropy
各向同性isotropy
各向异性anisotropy
非均质性heterogeneity 边界条件boundary condition
本构方程constitutive equation
初始条件initial condition
初始状态rest condition
岩土工程geotechnical engineering,
土木工程civil engineering
基础工程foundation engineering
最不利滑面the most dangerous slip surface
交替alternate
控制论cybernetics
大量现场调查mass field surveys
组合式combined type
相互作用interaction
稳定性评价stability evaluation
均质性homogeneity
介质medium
层layer, stratum
组构fabric
1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic
工程地质条件engineering geological conditions
地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形land form
地貌geomorphology, relief
微地貌microrelief
地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit
坡度grade
地形图relief map
河谷river valley
河道river course
河床river bed(channel)
冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)
河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)
阶地terrace
冲积平原alluvial plain
三角洲delta
古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel
冲积扇alluvial fan
洪积扇diluvial fan
坡积裙talus apron
分水岭divide
盆地basin
岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform 溶洞solution cave, karst cave
落水洞sinkhole
土洞Karstic earth cave
2地层岩性
地层geostrome (stratum, strata)
岩性lithologic character, rock property 岩体rock mass
岩层bed stratum
岩层layer, rock stratum
母岩matrix, parent rock
相变facies change
硬质岩strong rock, film
软质岩weak rock
硬质的competent
软质的incompetent
基岩bedrock
岩组petrofabric
覆盖层overburden
交错层理cross bedding
层面bedding plane
片理schistosity
层理bedding
板理（叶理）foliation
波痕ripple-mark
泥痕mud crack
雨痕raindrop imprints
造岩矿物rock-forming minerals
粘土矿物clay mineral
高岭土kaolinite
蒙脱石montmorillonite
伊利石illite 云母mica
白云母muscovite
黑云母biotite
石英quartz
长石feldspar
正长石orthoclase
斜长石plagioclase
辉石pyroxene, picrite
角闪石hornblende
方解石calcite
构造structure
结构texture
组构fabric(tissue)
矿物组成mineral composition
结晶质crystalline
非晶质amorphous
产状attitude
火成岩igneous
岩浆岩magmatic rock
火山岩（熔岩）lava
火山volcano
侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock
喷出岩effusive rock
深成岩plutonic rock
浅成岩pypabysal rock
酸性岩acid rock
中性岩inter-mediate rock
基性岩basic rock
超基性岩ultrabasic rock
岩基rock base (batholith)
岩脉（墙）dike
岩株rock stock
岩流rock flow
岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite)岩盆rock lopolith
岩墙rock dike
岩床rock sill
岩脉vein dyke
花岗岩granite
斑岩porphyry
玢岩porphyrite
流纹岩rhyolite
正长岩syenite
粗面岩trachyte
闪长岩diorite
安山岩andesite
辉长岩gabbro
玄武岩basalt
细晶岩aplite
伟晶岩pegmatite
煌斑岩lamprophyre
辉绿岩diabase
橄榄岩dunite
黑曜岩obsidian
浮岩pumice
火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia
火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩tuff
沉积岩sedimentary rock
碎屑岩clastic rock
粘土岩clay rock
粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone
化学岩chemical rock
生物岩biolith
砾岩conglomerate
角砾岩breccia
砂岩sandstone
石英砂岩quartz sandstone
粉砂岩siltstone
钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone 泥岩mudstone
页岩shale
盐岩saline
石灰岩limestone 白云岩dolomite
泥灰岩marl
泥钙岩argillo-calcareous
泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous
砂质arenaceous
泥质argillaceous
硅质的siliceous
有机质organic matter
粗粒coarse grain
中粒medium-grained
沉积物sediment (deposit)
漂石、顽石boulder
卵石cobble
砾石gravel
砂sand
粉土silt
粘土clay
粘粒clay grain
砂质粘土sandy clay
粘质砂土clayey sand
壤土、亚粘土loam
砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam
浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)
黄土loess
红土laterite
泥灰peat
软泥ooze
淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay 冲积物（层）alluvion
冲积的alluvial
洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion
洪积的 diluvial
坡积物（层）deluvium
残积物（层）eluvium
残积的eluvial
风积物（层）eolian deposits
湖积物（层）lake deposits
海积物（层）marine deposits
冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits
崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium 残积粘土residual clay
变质岩metamorphic rock
板岩slate
千枚岩phyllite
片岩schist
片麻岩gneiss
石英岩quartzite
大理岩marble
糜棱岩mylonite
混合岩migmatite
碎裂岩cataclasite
3地质构造
地质构造geologic structure
结构构造structural texture
大地构造geotectonic
构造运动tectogenesis
造山运动orogeny
升降运动vertical movement
水平运动horizontal movement
完整性perfection(integrity)
起伏度waviness
尺寸效应size effect
围压效应confining pressure effect
产状要素elements of attitude
产状attitude, orientation
走向strike
倾向dip
倾角dip angle, angle of dip
褶皱fold
褶曲fold
单斜monocline
向斜syncline
背斜anticline
穹隆dome 挤压squeeze
上盘upper section
下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall 断距separation
相交intersect
断层fault
正断层normal fault
逆断层reversed fault
平移断层parallel fault
层理bedding, stratification
微层理light stratification
地堑graben
地垒horst, fault ridge
断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge 擦痕stria, striation
断裂fracture
破碎带fracture zone
节理joint
节理组joint set
裂隙fissure, crack
微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure 劈理cleavage
原生裂隙original joint
次生裂隙epigenetic joint
张裂隙tension joint
剪裂隙shear joint
卸荷裂隙relief crack
裂隙率fracture porosity
结构类型structural pattern
岩体结构rock mass structure
岩块block mass
结构体structural element
块度blockness
结构面structural plane
软弱结构面weak plane
临空面free face
碎裂结构cataclastic texture
板状结构platy structure
薄板状lamellose
块状的lumpy, massive
层状的laminated
巨厚层giant thick-laminated
薄层状的finely laminated
软弱夹层weak intercalated layer
夹层inter bedding,
intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer 夹泥层clayey intercalation
夹泥inter-clay
连通性connectivity
切层insequent
影响带affecting zone
完整性integrity n.
Integrate v. & a.
degree of integrality
破碎crumble
胶结cement
泥化argillization
尖灭taper-out
错动diastrophism
错动层面faulted bedding plane
断续的intermittent
破碎crumble
共轭节理conjugated joint
散状loose
透镜状的lens-shaped a.
岩石碎片crag
岩屑cuttings, debris
薄膜membrane, film
层理stratification
高角度high dip angle
缓倾角low dip angle
反倾anti-dip
互层interbed v.
Interbedding n.起伏的unplanar
波状起伏的undulate, undulating
粒径particle size
构造层tectonosphere
挤压compression
均一的homogeneous
剪切错动面shear faulted, bedding zone
切割dissection
切割的dissected
致密close, compact
构造岩tectonite
糜棱岩mylonite
断层角砾岩fault breccia
方解石脉calcite vein
碎块岩clastic rock
角砾breccia
岩粉rock powder
岩屑debris, debry
固结consolidation
定向排列oriented spread
构造应力tectonic stress
残余应力residual stress
4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions
水文循环hydrologic cycle
大气圈atmosphere
水圈hydrosphere
岩石圈geosphere
地表径流surface runoff
地下径流subsurface runoff
流域valley, drainage basin
流域面积drainage area, river basin area 汇水面积catchment area
地下水ground water, subsurface water 地表水surface water
大气水atmospheric water
气态水aqueous (vapour) water
液态水liquid water
固态水solid water
上层滞水perched water
潜水phreatic water
承压水confined water
吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water
介质medium
空隙void
孔隙水压力pore water pressure
渗透压力osmotic pressure, seepage force 扬压力uplift pressure
静水压力hydrostatic pressure
外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure
动水压力hydrodynamic pressure
渗透力seepage pressure
外水压力external water pressure
内水压力internal water pressure
水力联系hydraulic interrelation
水力折减系数hydraulic reduction coefficient 水头损失water head loss
渗透途径filtration path, seepage path
渗透系数penetration coefficient
潜水位water table level
水位water level, stage level
水头water head
含水层aquifer
弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard
滞水层aquiclude
透水层permeable layer, pervious layer
不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,
impermeable layer, aquiclude 潜水含水层phreatic aquifer
承压含水层confined aquifer, artesian aquifer 承压面bearing surface
潜水面phreatic surface, water table
浸润线phreatic curve
不透水边界impervious boundary
地下分水岭groundwater ridge 粘滞性viscosity
富水性abundance
透水性（渗透性）permeability
淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching
反滤层inverted gravel filter
水锈incrustation
渗滴seep
饱和saturation, saturated
潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level
气象因素meteorological factor
饱水带zone of saturation
包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration
包气带水aeration zone water
上层滞水perched water
孔隙水pore water
裂隙水fissure water
岩溶水karstic water
结合水bound water, combined water
吸着水hydroscopic water
薄膜水pellicular water
毛细水capillary water
重力水gravitational water
凝结水condensation water
地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence 地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence
压水试验packer permeability test
抽水试验pumping test
5物理力学性质
物理力学physical mechanics n.
Physico-mechanical a.
屈服准则yield criteria
米赛斯屈服准则Von Mises yield criteria
朗肯土压力理论Ranking’s earth pressure the ory
剑桥模型Cambridge model, Cam-model
邓肯-张模型Duncan-chang model
本构方程constitutive equation
局部剪切破坏local shear failure
整体剪切破坏general shear failure
岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass
安全系数factor of safety
埋深embedment depth
试件coupons
挠度deflection
里氏震级Richter scale
设计烈度design intensity
基本烈度basic intensity
场地烈度site intensity
地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale
卓越周期predominant period
持力层sustained yield
超载surcharge
围岩压力surrounding rock stress
附加压力superimposed stress
应力松弛stress relaxation
应力路迳stress path
卸荷unload
渗透率specific permeability
饱和度degree of saturation
含水量moisture content
平均粒径mean diameter
颗粒grain, granule, particle
颗粒级配distribution of grain-size,
grain composition, size distribution
级配graduation,
grain-size distribution, gradation, grading
粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump
不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity,
variation coefficient, variation factor
颗粒分级gradation, size grading
孔隙水pore water
孔隙比void ratio (ration)
空隙率air voids
孔隙率porosity 裂隙率crackity
溶隙率karstity
密度density
重度unit weight, bulk weight
浮重度buoyant unit weight
折减系数reduction factor
压力消散dissipation of pressure
抗力系数coefficient of resistance
软化系数softening coefficient
含水量water content
稠度consistency
塑限plastic limit
液限liquid limit
塑性指数plasticity index
液性指数liquidity index
流变rheological
蠕变creep
塑性plastic
脆性brittleness(fragility)
粘性stickness
刚性rigidity
弹性的elastic
粘弹性viso-elasticity
弹塑性elasto-plasticity
压缩性compressibility
均质性homogeneity
非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)各向同性isotropy
各向异性anisotropy
总应力total stress
有效应力effective stress
超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure
孔隙水压力pore water pressure
抗压强度compressive strength
抗拉强度tensile strength
抗剪强度shear strength
不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght
峰值抗剪强度peak share strength
长期抗剪强度long-term shear strength
残余抗剪强度residual shear strength
负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown
摩擦角angle of friction
内摩擦角angle of internal friction
外摩擦角angle of external friction
内聚力cohesion
粘聚力cohesion
假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion
粘着力adhesion
摩尔圆Mohr’s circle
包络线envelope
休止角angle of repose,
angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle 峰值peak
模量modulus
弹性模量modulus of elasticity，
Young’s modulus, elastic modulus
压缩模量modulus of compressibility
变形模量modulus of deformation
卸荷模量unloading modulus
切线模量tangent modulus
剪切模量shear modulus
割线模量secant modulus
旁压模量pressurmeter modulus
泊松比poisson’s ration
固结consolidation
固结系数coefficient of consolidation
固结度degree of consolidation
超固结比over consolidation ration
应变strain
压缩比compressibility ratio
压缩系数coefficient of compressibility
压缩指数compression index
初始曲线virgin curve
正常固结土normally consolidated soil 欠固结土under-consolidated soil
超固结土over-consolidated soil
被动土压力passive earth pressure
主动土压力active earth pressure
静止土压力earth pressure at rest
覆盖压力overburden pressure
初始应力initial stress
地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field 有效应力effective stress
动应力dynamic stress
动荷载dynamic load
偏心荷载eccentric loads
循环荷载inclined loads
地应力ground stress, geostatic stress
初始应力initial stress
应力场stress field
纵波longitudinal wave
液化势liquefaction potential
液化指数liquefaction index
交角angular
岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance 容许承载力allowable bearing capacity
临塑压力critical pressure
接触压力contact pressure
6工程地质问题
工程地质问题engineering geological problem 定性评价qualitative estimate
定量评价quantitative estimate
极限平衡法limit equilibrium method
不良地质现象unfavorable geological condition 风化weathering
变形deformation
位移displacement
不均匀位移differential movement
相对位移relative displacement
沉陷settlement
山崩avalanche, toppling
崩塌toppling, toppling collapse
滑坡、地滑creep, slide
切层滑坡insequent landslide
深层滑坡deep slide
浅层滑坡shallow slide
顺层滑坡consequent landslide
滑动面
sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface
滑动带sliding zone
滑床slide bed
滑坡体slide(sliding) mass
古滑坡fossil landslide
推移式滑坡slumping slide
牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide
管涌piping, internal erosion
渗漏leakage
流砂quicksand
渗流seepage
液化liquefaction
7工程勘察engineering investigation
工程地质勘察engineering geology investigation 岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigation
工程地质条件engineering geological condition 工程地质评价engineering geological evaluation 勘测survey
岩芯采取率core recovery, core extraction
岩芯获得率
RQD（岩石质量指标）rock quality designation
程序（步骤）procedure
勘察阶段investigational stage
选点踏勘reconnaissance
初步设计primary design
初步规划preliminary scheme
初步勘探preliminary prospecting
初步踏勘ground reconnaissance
可行性研究阶段feasibility stage
初步设计阶段preliminary stage 施工阶段construction sage
踏勘reconnaissance, inspection
地质测绘geological survey
工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping
钻探borehole operation, boring
物探geophysical exploration
洞探exploratory adits
钎探rod sounding
坑探exploring mining
槽探trenching
天然建材调查
natural materials surveying (examination)岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigation report 鉴定identification, appraisal
鉴定书expertise report
鉴定人identifier, surveyor
校核verification
总监chief inspector
比例proportion
地形图geographic map
地貌图geomorphological map
地质图geological map
工程地质图engineering geological map
实测地质剖面图
field-acquired geological profile(section)构造地质图geological structure map
第四纪地质图quarternary geological map
地质详图detail map of geology
地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log 钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole
纵剖面图longitudinal section
横剖面图cross section
展示图reveal detail map
节理玫瑰图rose of joints
基岩等高线bed rock contour
层底等高线contour of stratum bottom
岩层界线strata boundary
岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface
坐标coordinate
分层bed separation
地质点geological observation point
勘探点exploratory point (spot)
勘探线exploratory line
勘探孔exploration hole
平洞adit
竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft
探槽exploratory trench
探井exploratory pit
钻孔borehole, drill hole
机钻孔ordinary drill hole
套钻孔sleeve drill hole
管钻孔pipe drill hole
岩芯core
岩芯钻探core drilling
回转钻探（进）rotary drilling
冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling 钢砂钻探shot drilling
铁砂钻进iron shot drilling
跟管钻进follow-down drilling
振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling
泥浆钻探mud flush drilling
金刚石钻进diamond drilling
单动式single acting
双层double layer
空气钻探air flush drilling
钻机drilling rig
钻头drill bit, drilling bit
螺旋钻头auger
勺钻spoon bit
冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit
桶式钻头bucket auger
钻杆drill rod
套管casing
岩芯管core barrel 冲洗掖flush fluid
正循环冲洗direct circulation
反循环冲洗reverse circulation
泥浆mud, slurry
泥皮mud cake
护壁dado
止水seal, water seal
扫孔cleaning bottom of hole
钻进drilling
平硐adit
竖井shaft
钻探drilling boring
8工程地质试验
击实试验compaction test
压缩试验compression test
固结试验consolidation test
单轴试验uniaxial compression test
现场剪切试验in-situ shear test
单剪试验simple shear test
直剪试验direct shear test
慢剪试验slow test
单剪试验simple shear test
快剪试验quick test
三轴剪切试验triaxial shear test
三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test
动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test
不固结不排水剪试验
unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)
固结不排水剪试验
consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)
固结排水试验consolidated drained test(slow test)
原位测试in-situ test
现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring
现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection
观测孔observation borehole
静力触探试验cone penetration test,
static penetration test, static cone test 标贯试验standard penetration test
十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test
检层法up-hole method, borehole method
旁压试验pressuremeter test
动力触探试验
dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding 点荷载试验point load test
岩石试验rock test
应力解除法stress relief method
应力恢复法stress recovery method
套孔法over-coring method
9岩土体加固
掌子面breast, driving face,
heading face, tunnel face
顶拱vault
底拱invert
洞室开挖excavation
超挖overbreak
风钻pneumatic drill
开挖断面excavated section
塌落slump
细骨料混凝土concrete made with fine aggregate 细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment
料场stock ground
土料earth material
矿渣cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag 性能function, performance, property, nature
凝结coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation
合格qualified, on test, up to standard
初凝initial set
初凝时间initial setting time
终凝final set
配合比mix proportion
塌落度slump
水化热heat of hydration,
hydration heat, setting heat 水灰比water-cement ratio
粉煤灰fly ash
梅花状quincuncial pattern
喷射shotcrete
浇注pouring
钢筋网coiremesh
加固reinforce
锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt
锚索anchored cable
锚紧端anchor station
锚桩anchored peg
采石场rock quarry
开挖excavation
清基cleanup foundation
明挖open-cut
爆破explosion
光面爆破smooth blasting
预裂法presplitting
10 水工概论
坝址toe of dam
坝踵heel
坝段monolith
坝顶crest
坝肩shoulders
左坝肩left dam abutment
副坝saddle dam
三坝址the third dam site
标高height mark
上游水位headwater
正常库水位normal reservoir level
地下洞室underground opening (tunnel)压力隧洞pressure tunnel
无压隧洞gravity tunnel
交通洞access tunnel
灌浆洞grouting tunnel
明流洞free-flow tunnel
孔板洞orifice tunnel
排砂洞sediment tunnel
尾水洞tailrace tunnel
排水洞drainage tunnel
导流洞diversion tunnel
隧道tunnel
围岩surrounding rock, ambient rock
围岩应力secondary stress static
应力集中stress concentrate
覆盖层over burden
冒顶cave in, roof fall
底鼓bottom heave
回弹rebound
岩爆rock burst
冻结法freezing method
超载over break
衬砌lining
围堰cofferdam
堤dike
近坝岸坡abutments
施工（收缩）缝construction joint
心墙core
截水墙cutoff wall
防渗墙diaphragm wall
排水井drainage wells
排水幕drainage curtain
减压井relief wells
反滤层filter zone
灌浆材料grout
水力劈裂hydraulic fracturing
帷幔线curtain line
上游围堰upstream cofferdam
混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall
截流interim completion
导水墙channel training wall
正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork 消力塘lined plunge pool 隔墙divider walls
混凝土护坦concrete apron
副厂房auxiliary power house
闸门室gate chamber
中闸室mid gate chamber
开关站switch yard
电梯井elevator shaft
尾水渠tail race
非常溢洪道emergency spillway
11桥梁及基础工程
江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge
悬索桥suspension bridge
锚碇anchorage
重力式嵌岩锚gravity socketed anchorage
北锚碇前（后）锚面
front(back) surface of northern anchorage 塔墩tower
墩pier
散索鞍splay saddle
猫道footbridge
主缆main cable
索股cable strand
主鞍main saddle, tower saddle
主跨main span
边跨side span
引桥approach
钢箱梁steel box main girder
埋深embedment depth
北塔墩基础north tower base
基础foundation, footing
浅基础shallow foundation
深基础deep foundation
联合基础combined footing
筏形基础raft(mat) foundation
钢模steel form
桩pile
基桩foundation pile
群桩pile groups
桩基础pile foundation
桩承台pile cap
高桩承台high-rise pile cap
低桩承台buried pile cap
摩擦桩friction pile
端承桩end bearing pile
嵌岩桩socketed pile
板桩sheet pile
旋喷桩jet-grouted pile
灌注桩cast-in-place pile
沉管灌注桩driven cast-in-place pile
支护桩soldier piles, tangent piles
刚性桩rigid pile
柔性桩flexible pile
侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile
轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile
预制桩precast concrete pile
振动打桩vibratory pile driving
振动钻进vibratory drilling
沉箱caisson
沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson
地下连续墙diaphragm wall, slurry wall
支撑bracing
超载surcharge
接触应力contact pressure
井点降水well-point dewatering
桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of pile
承载力bearing capacity
阻力resistance
桩端阻力end resistance
表面摩擦力skin friction
粘着系数adhesion factor
负摩擦力negative skin friction
安全系数factor of safety
压缩层compressed layer
附加应力additional stress, superimposed stress 持力层bearing layer, sustaining layer
地基土foundation soil, subsoil
临塑压力critical pressure
剪切破坏shear failure
地基失效foundation failure
冲剪破坏punching failure
渐进破坏progressive failure
容许荷载allowable load
极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity
沉降settlement
沉降差differential settlement
尾部倾斜angular distortion
倾斜tilting
坑底隆起bottom heave
静止土压力earth pressure at rest
稳定数stability number
路堤embankment
地基处理ground treatment soil improvement 垫层cushion
加固stabilization
注浆injection
灌浆guniting
帷幕curtain
挡土墙retaining wall
锚固anchoring
喷浆guniting
锚杆earth anchor
盲沟French drain
振冲法vibro jet
12监测仪器
观测孔observation bore/hole
仪器观测instrumentation
读数装置readout device
传感器transducer
探头probe
压力盒pressure cell
振弦式应变计vibrating wire strain gauge
伸长计、变位计extension meter
板式沉降仪foundation base/pate
测斜仪inclinometer
测压计，渗压计piezometer
垂线plumb
垂直度plumbness
13安全监控
可靠性检查reliability checking
监控模型monitoring and prediction model
监测monitoring
资料datum, data
可靠性reliability
稳定性stability
安全safety
评估evaluation, appraise
评定assessment, assess, rate
评价准则criterion
灾害hazard, calamity
确定性方法论Deterministic methodology
应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)
事故accident
紧急状态emergency
紧急检查emergency inspection
灾情等级hazard classification
灾害评价hazard evaluation
风险评估risk assessment
静力（Static Analysis）
动力（Dynamic Analysis）
蠕变（Creep Material Model）
渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction）
热力学（Thermal Option）
headward erosion溯源侵蚀
scouring of levee or bank淘刷
strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
weakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
of continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensity
Evidently 明显的
Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地
the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault
oblique~bedding bank slope
专业外语(为方便记忆,跟上面稍有重复)一．综合类
1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程
2.foundation engineering基础工程
3.soil, earth土
4.soil mechanics土力学
cyclic loading周期荷载
unloading卸载
reloading再加载
viscoelastic found粘弹性地基
viscous damping粘滞阻尼
shear modulus剪切模量
5.soil dynamics土动力学
6.stress path应力路径
二．土的分类
1.residual soil残积土groundwater
level地下水位
2.groundwater 地下水
groundwater table地下水位
3.clay minerals粘土矿物
4.secondary minerals次生矿物
ndslides滑坡
6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图
7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质
勘察
8.boulder漂石
9.cobble卵石
10.gravel砂石
11.gravelly sand砾砂
12.coarse sand粗砂
13.medium sand中砂
14.fine sand细砂
15.silty sand粉土
16.clayey soil粘性土
17.clay粘土
18.silty clay粉质粘土
19.silt粉土
20.sandy silt砂质粉土
21.clayey silt粘质粉土
22.saturated soil饱和土
23.unsaturated soil非饱和土
24.fill (soil)填土
三．土的基本物理力学性质
1.c c Compression index
2.c u undrained shear strength
3.c u/p0 ratio of undrained strength c u to
effective overburden stress p0
(c u/p0)NC,(c u/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC
designated normally
consolidated and
overconsolidated,
respectively
4.c vane cohesive strength from vane test
5.e0 natural void ratio
6.I p plasticity index
7.K0 coefficient of
“at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ2
8.K0’ do main for effective stresses
σ1 ‘ andσ2’
9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state
10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid
continuous loading ,simulating
instantaneous loading or an undrained
condition
11.K0d K0coefficient under cyclic
loading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a
pseudo-dynamic test for K0 coefficient
12.k h ,k v permeability in horizontal and
vertical directions, respectively
13.N blow count ,standard
penetration test
14.OCR over-consolidation ratio
15.p c preconsolidation pressure ,from
oedemeter test
16.p0 effective overburden pressure
17.p s specific cone penetration
resistance ,from static cone test
18.q u unconfined compressive
strengt h
19.U,U m degree of
consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean
value of a specimen
20.u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and
m denote bottom of specimen and mean
value, respectively
21.w0 w L w p natural water content, liquid
and plastic limits, respectively
22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’
denote effective principal stresses
四．渗透性和渗流
1.Darcy’s law 达西定律
2.piping管涌
3.flowing soil流土
4.sand boiling砂沸
5.flow net流网
6.seepage渗透（流）
7.leakage渗流
8.seepage (force) pressure渗透压力
9.permeability渗透性
10.hydraulic gradient水力梯度
11.coefficient of permeability渗透系数
五．地基应力和变形
1.soft soil软土
2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩
（负）摩阻力
3.effective stress有效应力total stress总应力
4.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度
5.low activity低活性
6.sensitivity灵敏度
7.triaxial test三轴试验
8.foundation design基础设计
9.recompaction再压缩
10.bearing capacity承载力
11.soil mass土体
12.contact pressure接触应力
13.concentrated load集中荷载
14.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体
15.homogeneous均质
16.isotropic各向同性
17.strip footing条基
18.square spread footing方形独立基础
19.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）
20.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载
21.live load活载
22.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载
23.long-term transient load长期荷载
24.reduced load折算荷载
25.settlement沉降deformation变形
26.casing套管
27.dike=dyke堤（防）
28.clay fraction粘粒粒组
29.physical properties物理性质
30.subgrade路基
31.well-graded soil级配良好土
32.poorly-graded soil级配不良土
33.sieve筛子
34.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破
坏条件
35.FEM=finite element method有限元法
36.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法
37.pore water pressure孔隙水压力
38.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力
39.modulus of compressibility压缩模量
40.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数
pression index压缩指数
42.swelling index回弹指数
43.geostatic stress自重应力
44.additional stress附加应力
45.total stress总应力
46.final settlement最终沉降
47.slip line滑动线
六．基坑开挖与降水
1.excavation开挖（挖方）
2.dewatering（基坑）降水
3.failure of foundation基坑失稳
4.bracing of foundation pit基坑围护
5.bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起
6.retaining wall挡土墙
7.pore-pressure distribution孔压分布
8.dewatering method降低地下水位法
9.well point system井点系统（轻型）
10.deep well point深井点
11.vacuum well point真空井点
12.braced cuts支撑围护
braced excavation支撑开挖
braced sheeting支撑挡板
七．深基础deep foundation
1.pile foundation桩基础
1)cast –in-place灌注桩
diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩
bored pile钻孔桩
special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩
piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩
rammed bulb pile夯扩桩
2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础
drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩
under-reamed bored pier
3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩
4)steel pile钢桩
steel pipe pile钢管桩
steel sheet pile钢板桩
5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土
桩
prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混
凝土管桩
2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）
3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙
4.friction pile摩擦桩
end-bearing pile端承桩
5.(pile)shaft桩身
6.wave equation analysis波动方程分析
7.pile caps承台（桩帽）
8.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力
teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验
10.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩
横向极限承载力
11.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验
12.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容
许承载力
13.low pile cap低桩承台
14.high-rise pile cap高桩承台
15.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single
pile单桩抗拔极限承载力
16.silent piling静力压桩
17.uplift pile抗拔桩
18.anti-slide pile抗滑桩
19.pile groups群桩
20.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数
（η）
21.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应
22.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术
23.final set最后贯入度
24.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验
25.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验
26.pile head=butt桩头
27.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）
28.pile spacing桩距
29.pile plan桩位布置图
30.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置
31.group action群桩作用
32.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻
33.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻
34.pile cushion桩垫
35.pile driving(by vibration) 打桩（振动）
36.pile pulling test拔桩试验
37.pile shoe桩靴
38.pile noise打桩噪音
39.pile rig打桩机
八．地基处理（ground treatment）
1.technical code for ground treatment of
building建筑地基处理技术规范
2.cushion垫层法
3.preloading预压法
4.dynamic compaction强夯法
5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换
法
6.vibroflotation method振冲法
7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩
pile-stone column砂石桩
8.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎。