小升初如何提高小学英语阅读理解能力+专项训练练习题(含答案解析)

小升初如何提高小学英语阅读理解能力
选择适合小学生阅读的材料，激发阅读兴趣。

指导阅读方法，养成良好的阅读习惯，提高学生的阅读能力，为终身学习打基础。

关键词：
阅读能力，阅读习惯，阅读方法，策略
英语是传输信息的重要工具之一。

一个人英语阅读能力的高低，往往决定了他吸收有用的信息的数量和质量。

新课标指出：“要达到这样的目标，没有足够的语言输入量是不行的。

”成功的英语教学要依赖大量的语言材料和语言实践。

在阅读训练中，它可以帮助学生得到乐趣，获取信息，培养学生的英语阅读理解能力，使学生养成良好的英语阅读习惯，具有正确的阅读技巧，拥有主动学习的能力和合作精神，为终身学习打下基础。

但是小学生由于刚刚开始学习英语，受所学知识内容的局限，教师往往忽视对学生阅读能力的培养，这不利于学生的终身学习的发展。

因此，从小学阶段开始教师就应该有意识培养学生良好的英语阅读能力策略。

我在以下几方面做了些尝试：
一、选材恰当，激发阅读兴趣
新课标指出：小学英语课程的目的首先是激发学习兴趣，培养英语学习的积极态度，使他们建立初步的学习英语的自信心，培养一定的语感…为进一步学习打下基础。

因此，在阅读内容的选择上，要注重“兴趣第一”的原则。

在二年级的先锋英语教材中，每当老师在教每个单元的故事时，学生的兴趣非常浓，很乐意去读、去模仿，因为故事的内容有趣好玩。

选择中、高年级的阅读材料，不仅要趣味性浓，还要贴近生活，以激发学生阅读的兴趣。

在教《开心学英语》四年级介词一课后，我就让学生阅读这篇文章并根据内容四人小组画出相应的图画：Sue is very messy. That’s her room. The doll is under the bed. The lamp is on the chair. The stuffed animal is in the box. The puzzle is in front of the bookcase. The violin is between the bed and the chair. Her glasses are next to the table. 阅读内容都是学生熟悉的材料，学生参与热情高涨，兴趣浓厚。

五、六年级可以选择学生们喜欢的有动物的故事，如：Three little pigs, Cry wolf, The ugly ducking。

也可以选择有逻辑性的文章，如：Six monkeys are sitting in a tree. They have hats on their hands. Two hats are yellow. Two hats are red. One hat is blue and one hat is green. The first monkey is fat. The second monkey is thin. They have the same color hats. The third monkey is black. His hat is not blue. The fourth monkey has a green hat. The fifth monkey has a red hat. He is small. The sixth monkey is big. The big monkey and the small monkey have different color hats. 学生读后，学生就给猴子的帽子涂上正确的颜色。

在阅读的过程中发展学生的思维，激发学生的阅读兴趣。

二、指导阅读方法，养成良好的阅读习惯
阅读习惯的好坏直接影响着阅读的效率。

小学生刚接触英语，并不知道如何很好地去阅读，老师要给学生进行正确的指导，而阅读习惯需要经过一段时间才能养成的。

教师要在平时教学中应有计划地、不断地养成学生的阅读习惯。

在每次进行阅读训练时，我都从这几方面对学生进行阅读习惯的培养：
1、培养学生默读的习惯
研究证明，在阅读过程中学生默读是很好的做法，默读且不干扰他人，能帮助学生形成积极的阅读态度，培养学生为了获取信息和为了乐趣读书的阅读做法，又发展学生了学生在
课堂之外的时间里独立熟练的阅读能力。

当阅读一开始教师就应提醒学生不要以朗读的方式进行，教师里应形成一种默读的良好氛围。

2、培养学生猜词的习惯
新课标指出：“培养学生在阅读时能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。

”小学生一旦遇到不懂的单词就会急于问老师、问同学或查电子词典。

这样会使学生产生依赖思想，影响阅读的速度，也不利于良好学习习惯的形成和学生智力的开发。

因此，在阅读教学过程中，教师要引导学生通过上下文，文章背景知识等猜出词意。

3、培养学生给重点句做标记的习惯
小学生在进行阅读训练时，一般都是把文章看一次或两次就进行答题，但大多数学生的答案准确率不高，在阅读题中失分较多。

所以，老师在进行阅读教学时，要引导学生把与题目相关的句子用横线划起来，再结合题目的内容进行对比与分析，恰当使用阅读技巧与方法，将会达到事半功倍的效果。

三、开展阅读交流活动，分享阅读的乐趣
阅读能为学生提供大量的语言输入，使他们从阅读中汲取各种知识及信息。

开展阅读交流活动，给学生创设一个自我展示的舞台，分享阅读的乐趣。

我通常在课前五分钟让学生进行daily talk, 内容可以是故事演讲、朗诵儿歌、西方文化介绍或小表演等，每月进行一次“ 英语才艺之星”的评选。

鼓励学生在进行阅读时做阅读笔记，将自己感兴趣的词汇和喜欢的语句摘抄下来，定期组织好词好句的交流和评赏，丰富了学生的语言积累，为学生的写作做铺垫。

四、以读导写，拓展阅读能力
英语的学习，仅靠语言的输入还难以使学生形成运用英语的能力，还需要大量的语言输出－“说”和“写”来促进学生对语言知识的掌握与运用。

长期以来，英语教学中普遍强调听、说、读的技能，而写的技能成了教师和学生共同的难题。

通过以读导写的方式，有效地提高学生的写作水平。

以读导写就是教师指导学生通过阅读相关内容的文章，了解句子的语言结构，然后将其运用到写作中，从而提高写作能力。

例如，在教《开心学英语》五年级Wh en’s your birthday? 一课后，引导学生阅读关于birthday的文章，学生阅读后回答下列的问题：1. Which season is your birthday in? 2.When’s your birthday?
3. Do you have a birthday every year?
4. What do you do at your birthday party?
5. Do you have a good time at your party? 学生回答完问题后，老师引导他们根据每个问题的答案，用自己的话进行口述“My birthday”, 然后把口头语言用书面语言表达出来。

如：Hello! My name is Tina. My birthday is in summer. It’s in August. It’s on August 3rd. I have a birthday party every year. Many friends come to my birthday party. We sing and dance at the party. We play cards , play games, eat birthday cake and drink orange juice ,too. We have a good time at the party. 以读导写，拓展了学生的阅读能力，减轻了学生写作的心理压力，同时也让学生感受到写作的乐趣。

小学生阅读能力策略的培养需要一个较长的过程，学生在阅读的实践中，词汇量得到增加，积累了丰富的语句，开阔了英语的视野，养成了良好的阅读习惯，阅读能力和写作能力也得到不断的提高。

二、阅读理解
2．阅读理解阅读理解
Hans Christian Andersen （1805﹣1875）was the most famous writer in Denmark. His stories have attracted many young readers around the world.
Andersen's father was a poor shoe-maker. As he was very young, Hans was spoilt by his parents and his grandmother. But when he was 11years old, his father died and the boy had to leave school. His mother made a living by washing clothes, while Hans spent a great deal of time making theatre toys and puppets. He reads as many books as he could.
Andersen published his first tale in 1835, and continued writing until he died. Andersen's words are simple and humor. The stories became popular in the early 1840's, and made Andersen famous more and more. Among the best known of his fairy tales are The Ugly Duckling, The Emperor's New Clothes, A Little Match Girl and so on.
（1）Hans Christian Andersen was a famous .
A. writer
B. worker
C. scientist
（2）Andersen's father was a .
A. worker
B. shoe-maker
C. clothes-maker
（3） Andersen published his first tale.
A. In the early 1840's
B. In 1875
C. In 1835
（4）Andersen's words are .
A. beautiful
B. interesting
C. simple
（5）"A Little Match Girl" in Chinese is .
A. 一个小火柴女孩
B. 卖火柴的小女孩
C. 点火柴的女孩
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）C
（5）B
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了丹麦最著名的作家安徒生。

（1）根据 Hans Christian Andersen （1805﹣1875）was the most famous writer in Denmark. 可知安徒生是一位著名的作家，故答案为A.
（2）根据 Andersen's father was a poor shoe-maker. 可知安徒生的父亲是一个贫穷的鞋的制造商，故答案为B.
（3）根据 Andersen published his first tale in 1835, and continued writing until he died. 可知835年安徒生出版了他的第一部小说，故答案为C.
（4）根据 Andersen's words are simple and humor. 可知安徒生的话很简单，故答案为C.（5） A Little Match Girl 汉语是卖火柴的小女孩，故答案为B.
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，首先通读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息找出相关句进行选择。

3．阅读理解阅读理解
Hans Christian Andersen （1805﹣1875）was the most famous writer in Denmark. His stories have attracted many young readers around the world.
Andersen's father was a poor shoe-maker. As he was very young, Hans was spoilt by his parents and his grandmother. But when he was 11years old, his father died and the boy had to leave school. His mother made a living by washing clothes, while Hans spent a great deal of time making theatre toys and puppets. He reads as many books as he could.
Andersen published his first tale in 1835, and continued writing until he died. Andersen's words are simple and humor. The stories became popular in the early 1840's, and made Andersen famous more and more. Among the best known of his fairy tales are The Ugly Duckling, The Emperor's New Clothes, A Little Match Girl and so on.
（1）Hans Christian Andersen was a famous .
A. writer
B. worker
C. scientist
（2）Andersen's father was a .
A. worker
B. shoe-maker
C. clothes-maker
（3） Andersen published his first tale.
A. In the early 1840's
B. In 1875
C. In 1835
（4）Andersen's words are .
A. beautiful
B. interesting
C. simple
（5）"A Little Match Girl" in Chinese is .
A. 一个小火柴女孩
B. 卖火柴的小女孩
C. 点火柴的女孩
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）C
（5）B
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了丹麦最著名的作家安徒生。

（1）根据 Hans Christian Andersen （1805﹣1875）was the most famous writer in Denmark. 可知安徒生是一位著名的作家，故答案为A.
（2）根据 Andersen's father was a poor shoe-maker. 可知安徒生的父亲是一个贫穷的鞋的制造商，故答案为B.
（3）根据 Andersen published his first tale in 1835, and continued writing until he died. 可知835年安徒生出版了他的第一部小说，故答案为C.
（4）根据 Andersen's words are simple and humor. 可知安徒生的话很简单，故答案为C.（5） A Little Match Girl 汉语是卖火柴的小女孩，故答案为B.
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，首先通读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息找出相关句进行选择。

4．阅读理解阅读理解
Thanksgiving is a family holiday in autumn in Canada and the USA. In Canada, Thanksgiving is in October. In the USA, it is in November. On Thanksgiving, people have a big dinner with their family. They usually eat roast turkey and other delicious food. They also tell Thanksgiving stories and give thanks to their friends and families.
In China, we also have a family holiday in autumn. It is Mid-Autumn Festival. People get together with their families to have a big dinner, too. They eat mooncakes, talk happily and enjoy looking at the beautiful round moon. Mooncakes are round like the full moon. Some people cannot go back home, but they can look at the moon and think about their families.
（1）When is Thanksgiving?
（2）What people usually eat at Thanksgiving?
（3）What does the mooncake look like？
（4）What is the common point between Thanksgiving and Mid-Autumn Festival?
【答案】（1）In October or November.
（2）They usually eat roast turkey and other delicious food.
（3）Mooncakes are round like the full moon.
（4）People get together have a big dinner with their families.
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了感恩节和中秋节。

（1）句意：感恩节是什么时候？根据 In Canada, Thanksgiving is in October. In the USA, it is in November. 可知加拿大或美国，感恩节是在十月或十一月，故答案为In October or November.
（2）句意：感恩节人们通常吃什么？根据They usually eat roast turkey and other delicious food. 可知通常他们吃烤火鸡和其他美味的食物，故答案为 They usually eat roast turkey and other delicious food.
（3）句意：月饼是什么样的？根据Mooncakes are round like the full moon. 可知月饼圆得像满月，故答案为 Mooncakes are round like the full moon.
（4）句意：感恩节和中秋节的共同点是什么？根据On Thanksgiving, people have a big dinner with their family. People get together with their families to have a big dinner, too. 可知人们聚在一起，与家人共进晚餐，故答案为People get together have a big dinner with their families.
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，首先通读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息找出相关句进行回答。

5．阅读理解阅读短文判断正误。

Yesterday was Saturday. Liu Yun was very busy. In the morning she helped her mother clean the room and wash the clothes. After lunch she did her homework. At 4 o'clock she went out and
played games with her friends. In the evening she felt very tired but happy and she went to bed at 9 o'clock.
（1）Yesterday morning Liu Yun played games with her friends.
（2）After lunch Liu Yun helped her mother clean the room.
（3）Liu Yun was busy but happy yesterday.
（4）Liu Yun went to bed at nine last night.
（5）Liu Yun didn't do her homework yesterday.
【答案】（1）0
（2）0
（3）1
（4）1
（5）0
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了星期六刘云做了许多事情。

（1）句意：昨天上午刘云和朋友们一起玩游戏。

根据 In the morning she helped her mother clean the room and wash the clothes. 可知早上刘云帮妈妈打扫房间和洗衣服，故答案为错误。

（2）句意：午饭后，刘云帮妈妈打扫房间。

根据 After lunch she did her homework. 可知午饭后刘云做了家庭作业，故答案为错误。

（3）句意：刘云昨天很忙，但很开心。

根据 Yesterday was Saturday. Liu Yun was very busy. In the evening she felt very tired but happy and she went to bed at 9 o'clock. 可知云昨天很忙，但很开心，故答案为正确。

（4）句意：刘云昨晚9点睡觉。

根据In the evening she felt very tired but happy and she went to bed at 9 o'clock. 可知刘云昨晚9点睡觉，故答案为正确。

（5）句意：刘云昨天没有做作业。

根据 After lunch she did her homework. 可知刘云昨天做作业了，故答案为错误。

【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子是否正确。

6．阅读理解读短文，判断下列句子与短文内容是否相符。

Tom was a very lazy boy when he was eleven years old. He didn't like doing anything. He had to go to school on weekdays, but he didn't study hard in the class and didn't do any homework after school. His father and mother were both doctors, and back then they hoped Tom could become a doctor, too. But one day, Tom said to his mother, "When I finish school, I want to be a cleaner." "A cleaner?" his mother asked. "That's not a very good job. Why do you want to become a cleaner?" "Because then I would only have to work one day a week," Tom said happily. "Only one day a week?" his mother was very surprised. "Why do you say that? And how do you know?" "Well," Tom said, "I know that the cleaner comes to our house to work only on Thursday because I see her only on that day."
（1）Tom is seven years old now.
（2）Tom studied very hard.
（3）Tom's parents were doctors.
（4）Tom's parents hoped Tom could become a doctor.
（5）Tom wanted to be a cleaner. Because he thought the cleaner only worked in his house on Thursday.
【答案】（1）0
（2）0
（3）1
（4）1
（5）1
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了汤姆是个懒惰的男孩，他的父母都是医生，他们希望汤姆也能成为一名医生，但是汤姆想做一个清洁工。

因为那样一周只需要工作一天。

（1）句意：汤姆现在七岁了。

根据 Tom was a very lazy boy when he was eleven years old. 可知汤姆现在十一岁了。

故答案为错误。

（2）句意：汤姆学习很努力。

根据 Tom was a very lazy boy when he was eleven years old. 可知汤姆是个非常懒惰的男孩。

故答案为错误。

（3）句意：汤姆的父母是医生。

根据His father and mother were both doctors, and back then they hoped Tom could become a doctor, too. 可知汤姆的父母是医生。

故答案为正确。

（4）句意：汤姆的父母希望汤姆能成为一名医生。

根据His father and mother were both doctors, and back then they hoped Tom could become a doctor, too. 可知汤姆的父母希望汤姆能成为一名医生。

故答案为正确。

（5）句意：汤姆想当个清洁工。

因为他以为清洁工星期四才在他家工作。

根据When I finish school, I want to be a cleaner. Only one day a week? 可知汤姆想当个清洁工。

因为他以为清洁工星期四才在他家工作。

故答案为正确。

【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。

7．阅读理解阅读短文，补全句子。

There are some animals on my grandpa's farm. Look at the chicks. They are small. And there are some ducks in the river. They are swimming. They are bigger than the chicks. And there are five pigs there. They are bigger than the ducks. And they are fatter than them, too. They are sleeping now. The cows are drinking water. They are taller and bigger than the pigs. Look at the white horses. They are the tallest of all. I like them very much. And I love all the animals. They are lovely.
（1）The chicks are ________ than the ducks.
（2）The ducks are ________in the river.
（3）The pigs are ________ and ________ than the ducks.
（4）The cows are ________ ________.
（5）The horses are ________ ________ of all.
【答案】（1）smaller
（2）swimming
（3）bigger；fatter
（4）drinking；water
（5）the；tallest
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了爷爷的农场里有一些动物，它们是形状和它们正在做什么事情。

（1）句意：小鸡比鸭子……。

根据They are bigger than the chicks.可知小鸡比鸭子小。

smaller更小的。

故答案为 smaller .
（2）句意：鸭子在河中……。

根据And there are some ducks in the river.They are swimming.可知鸭子在河中游泳。

swimming 正在游泳。

故答案为 swimming .
（3）句意：猪比鸭……和……。

根据And there are five pigs there. They are bigger than the ducks. And they are fatter than them, too. 可知猪比鸭更大、更肥。

bigger更大的， fatter更肥的。

故答案为bigger，fatter.
（4）句意：奶牛……。

根据 The cows are drinking water. 可知奶牛在喝水。

drinking water在喝水。

故答案为drinking water.
（5）句意：马是所有中……。

根据 Look at the white horses. They are the tallest of all. 可知马是最高的。

the tallest最高的。

故答案为the tallest.
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，首先通读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息找出相关句进行选择。

8．阅读理解阅读短文，判断句子正误。

Water is very important to people. We must drink water every day. We can't live without water. Water is everywhere around us. At home, we use water to wash clothes, to wash dishes, to cook meals and so on.
At work, people use water to put out fires, to grow vegetables, to make things in factories and so on. We can also swim in the water.
However, there isn't much water on the earth. We must save it.
（1）Water isn't important to people.
（2）People can't live without water.
（3）Vegetables don't need water.
（4）There is much water on the earth.
（5）We must save water.
【答案】（1）0
（2）1
（3）0
（4）0
（5）1
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了水对人的重要性，生活中到处需要水。

（1）句意：水对人不重要。

根据 Water is very important to people. 可知水对人很重要。

故答案为错误。

（2）句意：人没有水就不能生活。

根据 We can't live without water. 可知没有水我们就活不下去。

故答案为正确。

（3）句意：蔬菜不需要水。

根据At work, people use water to put out fires, to grow vegetables, to make things in factories and so on. 可知蔬菜也需要水。

故答案为错误。

（4）句意：地球上有很多水。

根据However, there isn't much water on the earth. 可知然而，地球上的水并不多。

故答案为错误。

（5）句意：我们必须节约用水。

根据We must save it. 可知我们必须节约用水。

故答案为正确。

【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。

9．阅读理解根据下列假期特色活动提供的信息，选出最佳答案。

A. 9684749
B. 6988458
C. 6698423
D. 9685867（2）You can take a walk in the National Park at in July.
A. 7:00 a.m.
B. 9:30 a.m.
C. 7:30 p.m.
D. 8:30 p.m.（3）Where can you enjoy yourself at 7:00 p.m. on June 1st?
A. In the tents.
B. In the National Park.
C. In Central Park.
D. In the model plane camp.（4）Lydia and her parents will be in the mountains for three nights. How much should they pay
for the rent?
A. ¥360.
B. ¥600.
C. ¥480.
D. ¥240.
（5）Mr. Smith may be a .
A. teacher
B. shopkeeper
C. tourist
D. doctor
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）B
（5）B
【考点】阅读理解
【解析】【分析】表格大意：假期特色活动提供的信息。

（1）根据You can make model planes here.Tel: 9684749可知你可以做飞机模型，拨打电话9684749，故选A。

（2）根据National Park Opening8:00 am - 6:30 pm (May - November）可知7月份自然公园开放时间。

故选B。

（3）根据We are going to have a party for children.6:30 pm – 8:30 pm on June 1st可知在六月一日下午7点在中央公园玩得开心，故选C。

（4）根据Tents (帐篷)for Rent¥120 one night - one or two people ¥200 one night - family size (four people)可知三个人的价格是600元。

故选B。

（5）根据Tents (帐篷)for Rent。

Please call Mr. Smith at 9685867..可知史密斯先生可能是个店主，故选B。

【点评】考查对篇章的把握和细节的辨别能力。

答题时，紧扣文章中的关键词，做出正确选择。