2007年考研英语真题(含答案解析)

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2007年考研英语完形真题及答案解析(二)

2007年考研英语完形真题及答案解析(二)

2007年考研英语完形真题及答案解析(二)1. 【解析】[B] 词汇辨析题。

独立后的国家居民由原住民和移民共同构成,因此,强干扰项A可排除。

而居民既包括原住民也包括移民,故选[B]。

2. 【解析】[D] 语义衔接题。

前一句指出各殖民地已经独立,所以人们对未来的态度应该是积极的,而“充满希望地”与“对未来的展望”应该是最恰当的。

3. 【解析】[A] 语义衔接题。

我们从the ideals of representative government, careers to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society…这些字里行间看出这些ideas是现代制度和法律所支持的观念,虽然这些领导人出身于旧政体和伊比利亚殖民主义的危机之中,他们(选择)分享这些观念。

可先排除否定意义的B、D项。

C项attain这个词一般指的是通过不断的努力获得某种知识或达到某个目标。

因此,正确答案为A,许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府。

4. 【解析】[C] 语义衔接/固定搭配题。

本题目选择形容词,在句子中体现前、后名词之间的关系。

many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers to talent, freedom of commerce and trade,…“许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府,职业……于人才,商业和贸易自由……”选项A. related to 相关的;B. close to接近;C. open to 公开的;开着的;D. devoted to 奉献的; 投入的。

符合语境的只有C. careers open to talent “职位向有才能的人开放”。

2007年考研英语(一)真题及答案

2007年考研英语(一)真题及答案

2007年考研英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read Read the the the following following following text. text. text. Choose Choose Choose the the the best best best word(s) word(s) word(s) for for for each each each numbered numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) . (10 points) By By 1830 1830 1830 the the the former former former Spanish Spanish Spanish and and and Portuguese Portuguese Portuguese colonies colonies colonies had had had become become independent independent nations. nations. nations. The The The roughly roughly roughly 20 20 20 million___1___ million___1___ million___1___ of of of these these these nations nations looked looked ___2___ ___2___ ___2___ to to to the the the future. future. future. Born Born Born in in in the the the crisis crisis crisis of of of the the the old old old regime regime regime and and Iberian Iberian Colonialism, Colonialism, Colonialism, many many many of of of the the the leaders leaders leaders of of of independence independence independence ___3___ ___3___ ___3___ the the ideals of representative government, careers ___4___ to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the ___5___ to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. ___6___ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a ___7___ set of laws. On the issue of ___8___ of religion and the position of the church, ___9___, ___9___, there there there was was was less less less agreement agreement agreement ___10___ ___10___ ___10___ the the the leadership. leadership. leadership. Roman Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one ___11___ by the Spanish Spanish crown. crown. crown. ___12___ ___12___ ___12___ most most most leaders leaders leaders sought sought sought to to to maintain maintain maintain Catholicism Catholicism ___13___ the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the ___14___ of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying ___15___ for the conservative forces. The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti Haiti and and and had had had ___16___ ___16___ ___16___ in in in return return return to to to abolish abolish abolish slavery slavery slavery in in in the the the areas areas areas he he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Sp ain’s ___17___ ___17___ colonies. colonies. colonies. Early Early Early promises promises promises to to to end end end Indian Indian Indian tribute tribute tribute and and and taxes taxes taxes on on people people of of of mixed mixed mixed origin origin origin came came came much much much ___18___ ___18___ ___18___ because because because the the the new new new nations nations still still needed needed needed the the the revenue revenue revenue such such such policies policies policies ___19___. ___19___. ___19___. Egalitarian Egalitarian Egalitarian sentiments sentiments were were often often often tempered tempered tempered by by by fears fears fears that that that the the the mass mass mass of of of the the the population population population was was ___20___ self-rule and democracy. 1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals 2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully 3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected 4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted 5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return 6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally 7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical 8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform 9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover 10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by 11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded 12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While 13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against 14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence 15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish 16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised 17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original 18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher 19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred 20. [A] puzzled by,[B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about,[D] unprepared for Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; commonly commonly call call call talent talent talent is is is highly highly highly overrated. overrated. overrated. Or, Or, Or, put put put another another another way, way, way, expert expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born. 21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to [A] stress the importance of professional training. [B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup. [C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance. [D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others. 22. The word ―maniaǁ (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun. [B] craze. [C] hysteria. [D] excitement. 23. According to Ericsson, good memory [A] depends on meaningful processing of information. [B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises. [C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors. [D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration. 24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that [A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success. [B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance. [C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked. [D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture. 25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? [A] ―Faith will move mountains.ǁ[B] ―One reaps what one sows.ǁ[C] ―Practice makes perfect.ǁ[D] ―Like father, like son.ǁText 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called ―Ask Marilyn.ǁPeople are invited to query Marilyn Marilyn vos vos vos Savant, Savant, Savant, who who who at at at age age age 10 10 10 had had had tested tested tested at at at a a a mental mental mental level level level of of someone someone about about about 23 23 23 years years years old; old; old; that that that gave gave gave her her her an an an IQ IQ IQ of of of 228 228 228 –– the the highest highest score score ever ever ever recorded. recorded. recorded. IQ IQ IQ tests tests tests ask ask ask you you you to to to complete complete complete verbal verbal verbal and and and visual visual analogies, analogies, to to to envision envision envision paper paper paper after after after it it it has has has been been been folded folded folded and and and cut, cut, cut, and and and to to deduce deduce numerical numerical numerical sequences, sequences, sequences, among among among other other other similar similar similar tasks. tasks. tasks. So So So it it it is is is a a a bit bit confusing confusing when when when vos vos vos Savant Savant Savant fields fields fields such such such queries queries queries from from from the the the average average average Joe Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best best poets poets and philosophers. Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what what does does does it it it mean mean mean to to to be be be smart? smart? smart? How How How much much much of of of intelligence intelligence intelligence can can can be be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields? The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). version). Generally Generally Generally costing costing costing several several several hundred hundred hundred dollars, dollars, dollars, they they they are are are usually usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wid e Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are are no no no longer longer longer possible, possible, possible, because because because scoring scoring scoring is is is now now now based based based on on on a a a statistical statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental mental age age age by by by the the the chronological chronological chronological age age age and and and multiplying multiplying multiplying by by by 100. 100. 100. Other Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests. Such Such standardized standardized standardized tests tests tests may may may not not not assess assess assess all all all the the the important important important elements elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article ―How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?ǁ, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity creativity and and and practical practical knowledge, knowledge, components components components also also also critical critical critical to to to problem problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations populations or situations or situations change. change. Research has Research has found found that that that IQ IQ predicted predicted leadership leadership leadership skills skills skills when when when the the the tests tests tests were were were given given given under under under low-stress low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through through SA T SA T will will will testify testify testify that that that test-taking test-taking test-taking skill skill skill also also also matters, matters, matters, whether whether whether it`s it`s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. 26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test? [A] Answering philosophical questions. [B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes. [C] Telling the differences between certain concepts. [D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones. 27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3? [A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence. [B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet. [C] [C] The The The test test test contents contents contents and and and formats formats formats for for for adults adults adults and and and children children children may may may be be different. [D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence. 28. People People nowadays nowadays nowadays can can can no no no longer longer longer achieve achieve achieve IQ IQ IQ scores scores scores as as as high high high as as as vos vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures. [B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now. [C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed. 29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that [A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated. [C] testing involves a lot of guesswork. [D] traditional test are out of date. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive. [B] Skeptical. [C] Impartial. [D] Biased. Text 3During During the the the past past past generation, generation, generation, the the the American American American middle-class middle-class middle-class family family family that that once once could could could count count count on on on hard hard hard work work work and and and fair fair fair play play play to to to keep keep keep itself itself itself financially financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In In just just just one one one generation, generation, generation, millions millions millions of of of mothers mothers mothers have have have gone gone gone to to to work, work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback setback –– a a back-up back-up back-up earner earner earner (usually (usually (usually Mom) Mom) Mom) who who who could could could go go go into into into the the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This ―added -worker effectǁ could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad bad times. times. times. But But But today, today, today, a a a disruption disruption disruption to to to family family family fortunes fortunes fortunes can can can no no no longer longer longer be be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During During the the same same period, period, period, families families families have have have been been been asked asked asked to to absorb absorb much much more more risk risk risk in in in their their their retirement retirement retirement income. income. income. Steelworkers, Steelworkers, Steelworkers, airline airline airline employees, employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must must worry worry worry about interest about interest rates, rates, stock stock stock market market market fluctuation, fluctuation, fluctuation, and the and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable fashionable health-savings health-savings health-savings plans plans plans are are are spreading spreading spreading from from from legislative legislative legislative halls halls halls to to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investme investment nt nt risk risk risk for for for families’ families’ families’ future future future healthcare. healthcare. healthcare. Even Even Even demographics demographics demographics are are working working against against against the the the middle middle middle class class class family, family, family, as as as the the the odds odds odds of of of having having having a a a weak weak elderly elderly parent parent parent –– and and all all all the the the attendant attendant attendant need need need for for for physical physical physical and and and financial financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation. From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks looks far far far less less less like like like an an an opportunity opportunity opportunity to to to exercise exercise exercise more more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration acceleration of of of the the the wholesale wholesale wholesale shift shift shift of of of financial financial financial risk risk risk onto onto onto their their their already already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. 31. Today’s double Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that -income families are at greater financial risk in that [A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared. [B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased. [C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics. [D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance. 32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security. [B] less secured payments. [C] less chance to invest. [D] a guaranteed future. 33. According to the author, health-savings plans will [A] help reduce the cost of healthcare. [B] popularize among the middle class. [C] compensate for the reduced pensions. [D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that [A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks. [B] the middle class may face greater political challenges. [C] financial problems may bring about political problems. [D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status. 35. Which of the following is the best title for this text? [A] The Middle Class on the Alert [B] The Middle Class on the Cliff [C] The Middle Class in Conflict [D] The Middle Class in Ruins Text 4It It never never never rains rains rains but but but it it it pours. pours. pours. Just Just Just as as as bosses bosses bosses and and and boards boards boards have have have finally finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their their feeble feeble feeble corporation corporation corporation governance, governance, governance, a a a new new new problem problem problem threatens threatens threatens to to to earn earn them –especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to to odd, odd, odd, low-level low-level low-level IT IT IT staff staff staff to to to put put put right, right, right, and and and seen seen seen as as as a a a concern concern concern only only only of of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection protection is is is now now now high high high on on on the the the bos bos boss’s s’s s’s agenda agenda agenda in in in businesses businesses businesses of of of every every variety. Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from from organizations organizations organizations as as as diverse diverse diverse as as as Time Time Time Warner, Warner, the the American American American defense defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into into their their their intricate intricate intricate IT IT IT systems systems systems and and and business business business processes processes processes in in in search search search of of potential vulnerabilities. ―Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,ǁ says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. school. ―The ―The ability ability to to to guard guard guard customer customer customer data data data is is is the the the key key key to to to market value, market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.ǁIndeed, just as as there there there is is is the the the concept concept concept of of of Generally Generally Generally Accepted Accepted Accepted Accounting Accounting Accounting Principles Principles (GAAP), (GAAP), perhaps perhaps perhaps it it it is is is time time time for for for GASP GASP , Generally Generally Accepted Accepted Accepted Security Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. ―Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,ǁ he says . The The mystery mystery mystery is is is that that that this this this should should should come come come as as as a a a surprise surprise surprise to to to any any any boss. boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore restore –– and and that that that few few few things things things are are are more more more likely likely likely to to to destroy destroy destroy trust trust trust than than than a a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change change fast: fast: fast: lots lots lots of of of proposed proposed proposed data-security data-security data-security legislation legislation legislation is is is now now now doing doing doing the the rounds rounds in in in Washington, Washington, Washington, D.C. D.C. D.C. Meanwhile, Meanwhile, Meanwhile, the the the theft theft theft of of of information information information about about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th , overshadowed overshadowed a a a hugely hugely hugely important important important decision decision decision a a a day day day earlier earlier earlier by by by America’s America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. 36. The statement ―It never rains but it poursǁ is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition. [B] the feeble boss-board relations. [C] the threat from news reports. [D] the severity of data leakage. 37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out [A] whether there is any weak point. [B] what sort of data has been stolen. [C] who is responsible for the leakage. [D] how the potential spies can be located. 38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that [A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention. [C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security. [D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized. 39. According According to to to Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph 4, 4, 4, what what what puzzles puzzles puzzles the the the author author author is is is that that that some some bosses fail to [A] see the link between trust and data protection. [B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data. [C] realize the high cost of data restoration. [D] appreciate the economic value of trust. 40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that [A] data leakage is more severe in Europe. [B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation. [D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage. Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A —G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There There are are are two two two extra extra extra headings headings headings that that that you you you do do do not not not need need need to to to use. use. use. Mark Mark Mark your your idea.ǁThey idea.ǁThey can can can change change change their view of the future is of little good. 41 42 43 skills, such as managing time and setting priorities. 44 45 universities. (46) (46) (46) Traditionally, Traditionally, Traditionally, legal legal legal learning learning learning has has has been been been viewed viewed viewed in in in such such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily, the older and ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists journalists forge forge forge on on on a a a daily daily daily basis basis basis as as as they they they cover cover cover and and and comment comment comment on on on the the news.For news.For example, (48) (48) But the But the idea idea that that that the the the journalist journalist journalist must understand the must understand the law law more more profoundly profoundly than than than an an an ordinary ordinary ordinary citizen citizen citizen rests rests rests on on on an an an understanding understanding understanding of of of the the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politics media.Politics or, state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. lawyers. (50) (50) (50) While While While comment comment comment and and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of Part A51. Directions:Write Write a a a letter letter letter to to to you you you university university university library, library, making making suggestions suggestions suggestions for for improving its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. . Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―Li Mingǁ instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) write the address. (10 points) Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) support your view with an example/examples. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) . (20 points) 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. D 41. F 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. E Section III: Writing(30 points)Part A(10 points)51. 参考范文January 20th, 2007 Dear Sir or Madam, I’m a student in the university and a loyal reader of this library. I’m writing to tell some of my ideas, which I hope to be helpful for you. I notice that many magazines in our library are out of date. It would be be beneficial beneficial beneficial to to to us us us students students students if if if they they they could could could be be be updated updated updated in in in time. time. time. And And And I I suggest introducing some new journals so as to bring new fresh air to the library. Furthermore, since we have a huge number of books, it is not easy to to find find find the the the right right right one one one easily. easily. easily. However, However, However, if if if we we we can can can introduce introduce introduce some some some new new searching searching means, means, means, such such such as as as implementing implementing implementing new new new information information information management management system that would be useful. Thank Thank you you you for for for taking taking taking time time time reading reading reading this this this letter letter letter and and and I’m I’m I’m looking looking forward to seeing some new changes soon. Sincerely Yours, Li Ming Part B(20 points)52. 参考范文As can be seen from the cartoon, different ideas may come from the same thing. In the picture, while trying to catch the upcoming soccer, the goal-keeper goal-keeper says says says to to to himself himself himself why why why it it it is is is so so so big. big. big. And, And, And, the the the striker striker striker simply simply thinks in a different way, that is why it is so small? What makes such a big contrary on the same tournament at the same moment? moment? It It It is is is no no no doubt doubt doubt that that that they they they are are are facing facing facing the the the very very very same same same goal goal goal and and experiencing experiencing the the the very very very same same same moment. moment. moment. However, However, However, the the the subjective subjective subjective views views result result in in different different impression impression impression on on on the the the same same same object. object. object. Many Many Many of of of us us may may still still remember the story of a pony crossing the river, which we learned from the textbook in primary school. The squirrel tells him, the river is deep; and the cow tells him, the river is not deep at all. However, in the end, he 。

2007年考研英语(一)真题及答案

2007年考研英语(一)真题及答案

2007年考研英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1。

(10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million ___1___ of these nations looked ___2___ to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence ___3___ the ideals of representative government, careers ___4___ to talent,freedom of commerce and trade, the ___5___ to private property,and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. ___6___ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states,large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a ___7___ set of laws.On the issue of ___8___ of religion and the position of the church, ___9___, there was less agreement ___10___ the leadership。

2007年考研英语完形真题及答案解析(一)

2007年考研英语完形真题及答案解析(一)

2007年考研英语完形真题及答案解析(一)2007年考研英语完形填空真题解析By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9 , there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 . Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession [C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumable [B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared for文章背景本文主要介绍了西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民地在获得独立后在政治宗教以及信念各个方面对未来的展望。

2007年考研英语真题答案解析

2007年考研英语真题答案解析

2007年考研英语真题答案解析SectionⅠUse of English1.【答案】[B]【解析】词义辨析题,A.natives本地人;B.inhabitant居民;C.peoples民族;D.individuals个体。

本文首句指出:到了1830年,原来的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地变成了独立国家。

本句解释了这些居住在摆脱殖民地地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。

这里的这里没有限定范围是“本地人”,也没有提及不同的民族,更没有强调个体差异,因此排除其他选项。

2.【答案】[D]【解析】词汇辨析题。

A.confusedly困惑地;B.cheerfully高兴的;C.worried担心的;D.hopefully充满期待地从首句已知这些国家的居民摆脱了西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民统治,虽然文中没有提到独立的过程,但是历史告诉我们,殖民地人们要求独立的愿望是一直存在的,是迫切的,由此可以判断,成立独立国家是殖民地人们的愿望,因此居民们对未来充满了期待,故选择hopefully合适。

3. 【答案】[A]【解析】逻辑关系题。

A.shared共有;B.forgot忘记;C.attained获得;D.rejected 拒绝。

本题所在的句子介绍了这些新独立国家的领导人们的治国理念。

首先提到了许多领导人们在治国理念中达成共识的部分,这由本句和下一句的内容及第二段首句中的less agreement得到印证,先指出领导人之间理念上的相同之处,再指出他们之间存在的分歧,shared the ideas符合上下文逻辑关系,故为答案。

4.【答案】[C]【解析】语义辨析题。

A.related相关的;B.close接近的;C.open开着的;D.devoted 投入的。

本句提到的新国家领导人共同的治国理念包括议会制政府等。

由这里的representative government,freedom of commerce and trade可以看出,这些都是先进的民主的治国方略,故此处的careers应为“向人才开放的职业”,这样才能让人们人尽其才,发挥自己的作用。

2007年考研英语真题及解析

2007年考研英语真题及解析

2007年考研英语真题及解析Section I Use of English【文章综述】本短文源于2001年由朗文出版公司出版的World Civilization: The Global Experiernce, Third Edition(《全球文明史(第三版)》)第31章The Consolidation of Latin America,1830~1920(《拉丁美洲的稳固:1830~1920》)。

此文题材为社会生活类【考频6次】。

文中主要介绍殖民地国家独立后所面临的各种问题。

【试题连线】…………………………【选项分析】……………………………By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 millionto the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime andIberian Colonialism, m any of the leaders ofcommerce and trade, the5 to private property , and a belief in the individual as basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church,9 , there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown,12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states,some sought to end the14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian,valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies19 . Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy. 1. [A] natives(本国人,当地人)[B] inhabitants (居民)[C] peoples(民族,种族)[D] individuals(个人,个体)2 [A] confusedly(迷惑地)[B] cheerfully(欢快地,兴高采烈地)[C] worriedly(焦虑地, 担忧地)[D] hopefully(满怀希望地)3. [A] shared(共享)[B] forgot (忘记)[C] attained(获得)[D] rejected(拒绝,抛弃)4. [A] related(与···相关的)[B] close(在附近,接近的)[C] open(对··开放,未决定的)[D] devoted (投入的,忠诚的)5. [A] access(途径,机会)[B] succession(继承)[C] right(···的权利)[D] return (返回到···)6. [A] Presumably(据推测,大概地)[B] Incidentally(顺便提及)[C] Obviously(显然;明显地)[D] Generally (普遍地,广泛地)7. [A] unique(独一无二的,独特的)[B] common(共同的, 普通的) [C] particular(特别的,特殊的)[D] typical(典型的,有代表性的)8. [A] freedom(自由)[B] origin(来源, 起源)[C] impact(影响)[D] reform (改革,改良)9. [A] therefore(因此, 表因果)[B] however(然而, 表转折)[C] indeed(的确, 表强调)[D] moreover (此外, 表递进)10. [A] with(和……一起)[B] about(有关···对于)[C] among (在··之间)[D] by(通过··)11. [A] allowed(许可,允许)[B] preached(布道,宣传)[C] granted(承认, 授予)[D] funded(资助,拨款). 12. [A] Since(因为,表因果关系;自··以来,表时间关系)[B] If(如果,表假设关系)[C] Unless(除非,表示条件关系)[D] While(然而,表示对比关系)13. [A] as(作为,被看作)[B] for(为了,支持)[C] under(在···之下,受……领导)[D] against(反对···,靠着)14. [A] spread(传播;展开;蔓延)[B] interference(干涉; 阻挠)[C] exclusion(排斥,拒绝)[D] influence(影响; 作用)15. [A] support(支持, 支援)[B] cry(口号,呼吁)[C] plea(请求,恳求,借口,托辞)[D] wish(愿望, 希望)16. [A] urged(敦促,力劝,强烈要求)[B] intended(意欲,打算;计划)[C] expected(期待, 盼望)[D] promised (承诺, 保证)17. [A] controlling(操纵的,控制的)[B] former(以前的)[C] remaining(现存的, 残留的)[D] original (最初的,原始的)18. [A] slower(较慢,更缓地)[B] faster(较快地)[C] easier (较容易)[D] tougher(较难,更粗暴地,更强硬地)19. [A] created(创造,产生)[B] produced(生产,导致[C]contributed(捐赠;促成)[D] preferred(更喜欢,偏爱)20.[A] puzzled by (被……迷惑的,困惑)[B] hostile to(对…敌对,敌意的)[C]pessimistic about(对…悲观的)[D] unprepared for (对··未准备好的)【核心词汇】regime[rei'ʒi:m]n.政体; 政权;生活饮食规律,养生法sovereign['sɔvrin]a.独立的,有主权的;拥有最高统治权的n.君主,国王,统治者(sove=super超级的+reign统治→最高统治→国王)conservative[ kən'sə:vətiv]adj.保守的,守旧的;n.保守主义者value[vælju:]n.价值,实用性vt.评价,评估,尊重abolish[ə'bɔliʃ]vt废除(法律,习惯等),取消tribute['tribju:t]n贡品,颂词,称赞,表示称赞的礼物revenue['revinju:]n财政收入,税收sentiment['sentimənt]n感情,柔情,看法,感觉temper['tempə]n.脾气,韧度vt.调和,使…..缓和;使……回火【超纲词汇】colonialism[kə'ləunjəlizəm] n.殖民主义viable['vaiəbl]adj.切实可行的the crown[kraun]n.王位,王权egalitarian[i,gæli'tɛəriən]adj.平等主义的【常用词组】in turn作为回报【答案与详解】1.答案→B 考点→名词用法及辨析【考频34次】解题技巧→选项给出的均为名词,且都是“……人”,由此可知此处需要填入表示“人”的名词。

2007年考研英语(一)真题及答案

2007年考研英语(一)真题及答案

2007年考研英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1。

(10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million ___1___ of these nations looked ___2___ to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence ___3___ the ideals of representative government, careers ___4___ to talent,freedom of commerce and trade, the ___5___ to private property,and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. ___6___ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states,large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a ___7___ set of laws.On the issue of ___8___ of religion and the position of the church, ___9___, there was less agreement ___10___ the leadership。

2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析

2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析

2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析真题:Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable comp onent of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.解析:1、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institution as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. be viewed as 被视为institutions 大学,学院educated 受教育的legal learning 法律学习;学习法律the special preserve(of lawyers)律师的特权;律师的特有领域intellectual equipment 知识体系;知识储备【译文】长久以来,法律知识在这类大学里一直被视为律师们所专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

2007年考研英语真题(英一二通用)-高清版含答案

2007年考研英语真题(英一二通用)-高清版含答案

2007年考研英语真题(英一二通用)-高清版含答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)By1830the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.The roughly20million1of these nations looked2to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism,many of the leaders of independence3the ideals of representative government,careers4to talent,freedom of commerce and trade,the5to private property,and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.6there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states,large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a7set of laws.On the issue of8of religion and the position of the Church,9, there was less agreement10the leadership.Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one11by the Spanish crown.12most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism13the official religion of the new states,some sought to end the14of other faiths.The defense of the Church became a rallying15for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian,valuing equality of everything.Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had16in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.By1854slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s17colonies.Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much18because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies19.Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was20self-rule and democracy.1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover10.[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred20.[A]puzzled by[B]hostile to[C]pessimistic about[D]unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in2006’s World Cup tournament,you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk:elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks,you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon?Here are a few guesses:a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;b)winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity,which increases soccer stamina;c)soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime,at the annual peak of soccer mania;d)none of the above.Anders Ericsson,a58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in“none of the above.”Ericsson grew up in Sweden,and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.His first experiment,nearly 30years ago,involved memory:training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.“With the first subject,after about20hours of training,his digit span had risen from7to20,”Ericsson recalls.“He kept improving,and after about 200hours of training he had risen to over80numbers.”This success,coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.In other words,whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize,those differences are swamped by how well each person“encodes”the information.And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully,Ericsson determined,was a process known as deliberate practice.Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.Rather,it involves setting specific goals,obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits,including soccer.They gather all the data they can,not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.Their work makes a rather startling assertion:the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.Or,put another way, expert performers–whether in memory or surgery,ballet or computer programming –are nearly always made,not born.21.The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A]stress the importance of professional training.[B]spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C]introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D]explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22.The word“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)most probably means[A]fun.[B]craze.[C]hysteria.[D]excitement.23.According to Ericsson,good memory[A]depends on meaningful processing of information.[B]results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C]is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D]requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A]talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B]biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C]the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D]high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25.Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A]“Faith will move mountains.”[B]“One reaps what one sows.”[C]“Practice makes perfect.”[D]“Like father,like son.”Text2For the past several years,the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called“Ask Marilyn.”People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant,who at age10had tested at a mental level of someone about23years old;that gave her an IQ of228–the highest score ever recorded.IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies,to envision paper after it has been folded and cut,and to deduce numerical sequences,among other similar tasks.So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is100)as,What’s the difference between love and fondness?Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly,intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.Just what does it mean to be smart?How much of intelligence can be specified,and how much can we learn about it from neurology,genetics,computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score,even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.The test comes primarily in two forms:the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version).Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists,although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible,because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers,rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by100.Other standardized tests,such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE),capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life,argues Robert J.Sternberg.In his article“How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”,Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.Moreover,IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions,but under high-stress conditions,IQ was negatively correlated with leadership–that is,it predicted the opposite.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26.Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A]Answering philosophical questions.[B]Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C]Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D]Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27.What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph3?[A]People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B]More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C]The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.[D]Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.28.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A]the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.[B]creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C]vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D]the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29.We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A]test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B]IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C]testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D]traditional tests are out of date.30.What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A]Supportive.[B]Skeptical.[C]Impartial.[D]Biased.Text3During the past generation,the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.Now a pink slip,a bad diagnosis,or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation,millions of mothers have gone to work,transforming basic family economics.Scholars,policymakers,and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes,but few have looked at the side effect:family risk has risen as well.Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status.As a result,they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback–a back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.This“added-worker effect”could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times.But today,a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period,families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.Steelworkers,airline employees,and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates,stock market fluctuation,and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year,President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model,with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.For younger families,the picture is not any better.Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen–and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers,with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’future healthcare.Even demographics are working against the middle class family,as the odds of having a weak elderly parent –and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance–have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective,much of this,understandably,looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility,and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.The financial fallout has begun,and the political fallout may not be far behind.31.Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A]the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B]their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C]they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D]they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32.As a result of President Bush’s reform,retired people may have[A]a higher sense of security.[B]less secured payments.[C]less chance to invest.[D]a guaranteed future.33.According to the author,health-savings plans will[A]help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B]popularize among the middle class.[C]compensate for the reduced pensions.[D]increase the families’investment risk.34.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B]the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C]financial problems may bring about political problems.[D]financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35.Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A]The Middle Class on the Alert[B]The Middle Class on the Cliff[C]The Middle Class in Conflict[D]The Middle Class in RuinsText4It never rains but it pours.Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles,and improved their feeble corporation governance,a new problem threatens to earn them–especially in America–the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite:data insecurity.Left,until now,to odd,low-level IT staff to put right,and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking,telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year–from organizations as diverse as Time Warner,the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California,Berkeley–have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,”says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school.“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value,which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders”.Indeed,just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP),perhaps it is time for GASP,Generally Accepted Security Practices,suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“Setting the proper investment level for security,redundancy,and recovery is a management issue,not a technical one,”he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust,that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore–and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged–though not justified–by the lack of legal penalty(in America,but not Europe)for data leakage.Until California recently passed a law,American firms did not have to tell anyone,even the victim,when data went astray.That may change fast:lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington,D.C.Meanwhile,the theft of information about some40million credit-card accounts in America,disclosed on June17th,overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission(FTC)that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36.The statement“It never rains but it pours”is used to introduce[A]the fierce business competition.[B]the feeble boss-board relations.[C]the threat from news reports.[D]the severity of data leakage.37.According to Paragraph2,some organizations check their systems to find out[A]whether there is any weak point.[B]what sort of data has been stolen.[C]who is responsible for the leakage.[D]how the potential spies can be located.38.In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that[A]shareholders’interests should be properly attended to.[B]information protection should be given due attention.[C]businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D]the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39.According to Paragraph4,what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to[A]see the link between trust and data protection.[B]perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C]realize the high cost of data restoration.[D]appreciate the economic value of trust.40.It can be inferred from Paragraph5that[A]data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B]FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C]California takes the lead in security legislation.[D]legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.41You can start this process when they are 11or 12.Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings,like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating.Also,identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to,as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.42Kids need a range of authentic role models –as opposed to members of their clique,pop stars and vaunted athletes.Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are.Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future.When asked what they want to do,they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.”They can change their minds 200times,but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood.Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There are two extra headings that you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)A.Set a Good Example for Your KidsB.Build Your Kids’Work SkillsC.Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD.Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE.Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF.Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG.Build Your Kids’Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids.Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content,the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move.Here are a few measures,drawn from my book Ready or Not,Here Life Comes ,that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness”:43Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn;parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work.Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met.Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job.Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills,such as managing time and setting priorities.44Playing video games encourages immediate content.And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time,listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors.All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.45They should know how to deal with setbacks,stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts,ways to brainstorm and think critically.Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood?Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate.They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child.They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult(as naive or ill conceived as it may seem)while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future.Most of all,these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10points) The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.However,only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.(46)Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily,the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education,its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism w is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.On the one hand,it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice,democracy and freedom.(47)On the other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example,notions of evidence and fact,of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component ofa journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politics or,more broadly,the functioning of the state,is a major subject for journalists.The better informed they are about the way the state works,the better their reporting will be.(49)In fact,it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore,the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly,there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.(50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories,it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to your university library,making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then3)support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2007年全真试题答案Section Ⅰ Use of English1.B2.D3.A4.C5.C6.D7.B8.A9.B 10.C11.A 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.D Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21.C 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.CText 2 26.D 27.C 28.A 29.A 30.BText 3 31.C 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.BText 4 36.D 37.A 38.B 39.A 40.DPart B41.F 42.D 43.B 44.C 45.EPart C46.长久以来,法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为律师们所专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

(完整word)2007年考研英语真题及解析

(完整word)2007年考研英语真题及解析

2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B],[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1。

(10 points)By 1830, the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations。

The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society。

6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church,9 , there was less agreement 10the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere exceptSpain’s17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 。

2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析

2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析

2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析真题:Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable comp onent of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.解析:1、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institution as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. be viewed as 被视为institutions 大学,学院educated 受教育的legal learning 法律学习;学习法律the special preserve(of lawyers)律师的特权;律师的特有领域intellectual equipment 知识体系;知识储备【译文】长久以来,法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为律师们所专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

2007年考研英语(一)真题及答案

2007年考研英语(一)真题及答案

2007年考研英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read Read the the the following following following text. text. text. Choose Choose Choose the the the best best best word(s) word(s) word(s) for for for each each each numbered numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) . (10 points) By By 1830 1830 1830 the the the former former former Spanish Spanish Spanish and and and Portuguese Portuguese Portuguese colonies colonies colonies had had had become become independent independent nations. nations. nations. The The The roughly roughly roughly 20 20 20 million___1___ million___1___ million___1___ of of of these these these nations nations looked looked ___2___ ___2___ ___2___ to to to the the the future. future. future. Born Born Born in in in the the the crisis crisis crisis of of of the the the old old old regime regime regime and and Iberian Iberian Colonialism, Colonialism, Colonialism, many many many of of of the the the leaders leaders leaders of of of independence independence independence ___3___ ___3___ ___3___ the the ideals of representative government, careers ___4___ to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the ___5___ to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. ___6___ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a ___7___ set of laws. On the issue of ___8___ of religion and the position of the church, ___9___, ___9___, there there there was was was less less less agreement agreement agreement ___10___ ___10___ ___10___ the the the leadership. leadership. leadership. Roman Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one ___11___ by the Spanish Spanish crown. crown. crown. ___12___ ___12___ ___12___ most most most leaders leaders leaders sought sought sought to to to maintain maintain maintain Catholicism Catholicism ___13___ the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the ___14___ of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying ___15___ for the conservative forces. The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti Haiti and and and had had had ___16___ ___16___ ___16___ in in in return return return to to to abolish abolish abolish slavery slavery slavery in in in the the the areas areas areas he he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Sp ain’s ___17___ ___17___ colonies. colonies. colonies. Early Early Early promises promises promises to to to end end end Indian Indian Indian tribute tribute tribute and and and taxes taxes taxes on on people people of of of mixed mixed mixed origin origin origin came came came much much much ___18___ ___18___ ___18___ because because because the the the new new new nations nations still still needed needed needed the the the revenue revenue revenue such such such policies policies policies ___19___. ___19___. ___19___. Egalitarian Egalitarian Egalitarian sentiments sentiments were were often often often tempered tempered tempered by by by fears fears fears that that that the the the mass mass mass of of of the the the population population population was was ___20___ self-rule and democracy. 1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals 2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully 3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected 4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted 5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return 6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally 7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical 8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform 9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover 10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by 11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded 12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While 13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against 14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence 15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish 16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised 17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original 18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher 19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred 20. [A] puzzled by,[B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about,[D] unprepared for Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; commonly commonly call call call talent talent talent is is is highly highly highly overrated. overrated. overrated. Or, Or, Or, put put put another another another way, way, way, expert expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born. 21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to [A] stress the importance of professional training. [B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup. [C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance. [D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others. 22. The word ―maniaǁ (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun. [B] craze. [C] hysteria. [D] excitement. 23. According to Ericsson, good memory [A] depends on meaningful processing of information. [B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises. [C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors. [D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration. 24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that [A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success. [B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance. [C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked. [D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture. 25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? [A] ―Faith will move mountains.ǁ[B] ―One reaps what one sows.ǁ[C] ―Practice makes perfect.ǁ[D] ―Like father, like son.ǁText 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called ―Ask Marilyn.ǁPeople are invited to query Marilyn Marilyn vos vos vos Savant, Savant, Savant, who who who at at at age age age 10 10 10 had had had tested tested tested at at at a a a mental mental mental level level level of of someone someone about about about 23 23 23 years years years old; old; old; that that that gave gave gave her her her an an an IQ IQ IQ of of of 228 228 228 –– the the highest highest score score ever ever ever recorded. recorded. recorded. IQ IQ IQ tests tests tests ask ask ask you you you to to to complete complete complete verbal verbal verbal and and and visual visual analogies, analogies, to to to envision envision envision paper paper paper after after after it it it has has has been been been folded folded folded and and and cut, cut, cut, and and and to to deduce deduce numerical numerical numerical sequences, sequences, sequences, among among among other other other similar similar similar tasks. tasks. tasks. So So So it it it is is is a a a bit bit confusing confusing when when when vos vos vos Savant Savant Savant fields fields fields such such such queries queries queries from from from the the the average average average Joe Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best best poets poets and philosophers. Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what what does does does it it it mean mean mean to to to be be be smart? smart? smart? How How How much much much of of of intelligence intelligence intelligence can can can be be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields? The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). version). Generally Generally Generally costing costing costing several several several hundred hundred hundred dollars, dollars, dollars, they they they are are are usually usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wid e Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are are no no no longer longer longer possible, possible, possible, because because because scoring scoring scoring is is is now now now based based based on on on a a a statistical statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental mental age age age by by by the the the chronological chronological chronological age age age and and and multiplying multiplying multiplying by by by 100. 100. 100. Other Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests. Such Such standardized standardized standardized tests tests tests may may may not not not assess assess assess all all all the the the important important important elements elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article ―How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?ǁ, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity creativity and and and practical practical knowledge, knowledge, components components components also also also critical critical critical to to to problem problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations populations or situations or situations change. change. Research has Research has found found that that that IQ IQ predicted predicted leadership leadership leadership skills skills skills when when when the the the tests tests tests were were were given given given under under under low-stress low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through through SA T SA T will will will testify testify testify that that that test-taking test-taking test-taking skill skill skill also also also matters, matters, matters, whether whether whether it`s it`s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. 26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test? [A] Answering philosophical questions. [B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes. [C] Telling the differences between certain concepts. [D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones. 27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3? [A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence. [B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet. [C] [C] The The The test test test contents contents contents and and and formats formats formats for for for adults adults adults and and and children children children may may may be be different. [D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence. 28. People People nowadays nowadays nowadays can can can no no no longer longer longer achieve achieve achieve IQ IQ IQ scores scores scores as as as high high high as as as vos vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures. [B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now. [C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed. 29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that [A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated. [C] testing involves a lot of guesswork. [D] traditional test are out of date. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive. [B] Skeptical. [C] Impartial. [D] Biased. Text 3During During the the the past past past generation, generation, generation, the the the American American American middle-class middle-class middle-class family family family that that once once could could could count count count on on on hard hard hard work work work and and and fair fair fair play play play to to to keep keep keep itself itself itself financially financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In In just just just one one one generation, generation, generation, millions millions millions of of of mothers mothers mothers have have have gone gone gone to to to work, work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback setback –– a a back-up back-up back-up earner earner earner (usually (usually (usually Mom) Mom) Mom) who who who could could could go go go into into into the the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This ―added -worker effectǁ could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad bad times. times. times. But But But today, today, today, a a a disruption disruption disruption to to to family family family fortunes fortunes fortunes can can can no no no longer longer longer be be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During During the the same same period, period, period, families families families have have have been been been asked asked asked to to absorb absorb much much more more risk risk risk in in in their their their retirement retirement retirement income. income. income. Steelworkers, Steelworkers, Steelworkers, airline airline airline employees, employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must must worry worry worry about interest about interest rates, rates, stock stock stock market market market fluctuation, fluctuation, fluctuation, and the and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable fashionable health-savings health-savings health-savings plans plans plans are are are spreading spreading spreading from from from legislative legislative legislative halls halls halls to to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investme investment nt nt risk risk risk for for for families’ families’ families’ future future future healthcare. healthcare. healthcare. Even Even Even demographics demographics demographics are are working working against against against the the the middle middle middle class class class family, family, family, as as as the the the odds odds odds of of of having having having a a a weak weak elderly elderly parent parent parent –– and and all all all the the the attendant attendant attendant need need need for for for physical physical physical and and and financial financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation. From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks looks far far far less less less like like like an an an opportunity opportunity opportunity to to to exercise exercise exercise more more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration acceleration of of of the the the wholesale wholesale wholesale shift shift shift of of of financial financial financial risk risk risk onto onto onto their their their already already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. 31. Today’s double Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that -income families are at greater financial risk in that [A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared. [B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased. [C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics. [D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance. 32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security. [B] less secured payments. [C] less chance to invest. [D] a guaranteed future. 33. According to the author, health-savings plans will [A] help reduce the cost of healthcare. [B] popularize among the middle class. [C] compensate for the reduced pensions. [D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that [A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks. [B] the middle class may face greater political challenges. [C] financial problems may bring about political problems. [D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status. 35. Which of the following is the best title for this text? [A] The Middle Class on the Alert [B] The Middle Class on the Cliff [C] The Middle Class in Conflict [D] The Middle Class in Ruins Text 4It It never never never rains rains rains but but but it it it pours. pours. pours. Just Just Just as as as bosses bosses bosses and and and boards boards boards have have have finally finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their their feeble feeble feeble corporation corporation corporation governance, governance, governance, a a a new new new problem problem problem threatens threatens threatens to to to earn earn them –especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to to odd, odd, odd, low-level low-level low-level IT IT IT staff staff staff to to to put put put right, right, right, and and and seen seen seen as as as a a a concern concern concern only only only of of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection protection is is is now now now high high high on on on the the the bos bos boss’s s’s s’s agenda agenda agenda in in in businesses businesses businesses of of of every every variety. Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from from organizations organizations organizations as as as diverse diverse diverse as as as Time Time Time Warner, Warner, the the American American American defense defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into into their their their intricate intricate intricate IT IT IT systems systems systems and and and business business business processes processes processes in in in search search search of of potential vulnerabilities. ―Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,ǁ says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. school. ―The ―The ability ability to to to guard guard guard customer customer customer data data data is is is the the the key key key to to to market value, market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.ǁIndeed, just as as there there there is is is the the the concept concept concept of of of Generally Generally Generally Accepted Accepted Accepted Accounting Accounting Accounting Principles Principles (GAAP), (GAAP), perhaps perhaps perhaps it it it is is is time time time for for for GASP GASP , Generally Generally Accepted Accepted Accepted Security Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. ―Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,ǁ he says . The The mystery mystery mystery is is is that that that this this this should should should come come come as as as a a a surprise surprise surprise to to to any any any boss. boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore restore –– and and that that that few few few things things things are are are more more more likely likely likely to to to destroy destroy destroy trust trust trust than than than a a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change change fast: fast: fast: lots lots lots of of of proposed proposed proposed data-security data-security data-security legislation legislation legislation is is is now now now doing doing doing the the rounds rounds in in in Washington, Washington, Washington, D.C. D.C. D.C. Meanwhile, Meanwhile, Meanwhile, the the the theft theft theft of of of information information information about about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th , overshadowed overshadowed a a a hugely hugely hugely important important important decision decision decision a a a day day day earlier earlier earlier by by by America’s America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. 36. The statement ―It never rains but it poursǁ is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition. [B] the feeble boss-board relations. [C] the threat from news reports. [D] the severity of data leakage. 37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out [A] whether there is any weak point. [B] what sort of data has been stolen. [C] who is responsible for the leakage. [D] how the potential spies can be located. 38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that [A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention. [C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security. [D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized. 39. According According to to to Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph 4, 4, 4, what what what puzzles puzzles puzzles the the the author author author is is is that that that some some bosses fail to [A] see the link between trust and data protection. [B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data. [C] realize the high cost of data restoration. [D] appreciate the economic value of trust. 40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that [A] data leakage is more severe in Europe. [B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation. [D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage. Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A —G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There There are are are two two two extra extra extra headings headings headings that that that you you you do do do not not not need need need to to to use. use. use. Mark Mark Mark your your idea.ǁThey idea.ǁThey can can can change change change their view of the future is of little good. 41 42 43 skills, such as managing time and setting priorities. 44 45 universities. (46) (46) (46) Traditionally, Traditionally, Traditionally, legal legal legal learning learning learning has has has been been been viewed viewed viewed in in in such such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily, the older and ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists journalists forge forge forge on on on a a a daily daily daily basis basis basis as as as they they they cover cover cover and and and comment comment comment on on on the the news.For news.For example, (48) (48) But the But the idea idea that that that the the the journalist journalist journalist must understand the must understand the law law more more profoundly profoundly than than than an an an ordinary ordinary ordinary citizen citizen citizen rests rests rests on on on an an an understanding understanding understanding of of of the the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politics media.Politics or, state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. lawyers. (50) (50) (50) While While While comment comment comment and and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of Part A51. Directions:Write Write a a a letter letter letter to to to you you you university university university library, library, making making suggestions suggestions suggestions for for improving its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. . Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―Li Mingǁ instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) write the address. (10 points) Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) support your view with an example/examples. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) . (20 points) 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. D 41. F 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. E Section III: Writing(30 points)Part A(10 points)51. 参考范文January 20th, 2007 Dear Sir or Madam, I’m a student in the university and a loyal reader of this library. I’m writing to tell some of my ideas, which I hope to be helpful for you. I notice that many magazines in our library are out of date. It would be be beneficial beneficial beneficial to to to us us us students students students if if if they they they could could could be be be updated updated updated in in in time. time. time. And And And I I suggest introducing some new journals so as to bring new fresh air to the library. Furthermore, since we have a huge number of books, it is not easy to to find find find the the the right right right one one one easily. easily. easily. However, However, However, if if if we we we can can can introduce introduce introduce some some some new new searching searching means, means, means, such such such as as as implementing implementing implementing new new new information information information management management system that would be useful. Thank Thank you you you for for for taking taking taking time time time reading reading reading this this this letter letter letter and and and I’m I’m I’m looking looking forward to seeing some new changes soon. Sincerely Yours, Li Ming Part B(20 points)52. 参考范文As can be seen from the cartoon, different ideas may come from the same thing. In the picture, while trying to catch the upcoming soccer, the goal-keeper goal-keeper says says says to to to himself himself himself why why why it it it is is is so so so big. big. big. And, And, And, the the the striker striker striker simply simply thinks in a different way, that is why it is so small? What makes such a big contrary on the same tournament at the same moment? moment? It It It is is is no no no doubt doubt doubt that that that they they they are are are facing facing facing the the the very very very same same same goal goal goal and and experiencing experiencing the the the very very very same same same moment. moment. moment. However, However, However, the the the subjective subjective subjective views views result result in in different different impression impression impression on on on the the the same same same object. object. object. Many Many Many of of of us us may may still still remember the story of a pony crossing the river, which we learned from the textbook in primary school. The squirrel tells him, the river is deep; and the cow tells him, the river is not deep at all. However, in the end, he 。

07年考研英语真题解析.doc

07年考研英语真题解析.doc

2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案及解析Section l Use of English1. [答案][B][分析]词义辨析题,“native”意为本地人,本国人,指一个地方原始居民或长期居住者中的一位;“inhabitant ”意为居民,居住者,指长期居住在某地的人;“people”意为人,人们,本身通常为复数;“individual”意为个体,指具有自己独特个性的、作为个体存在的人。

前面句子说一些殖民地已经成为独立国家,本句话说这些国家的…展望着未来,说明本句话指的是生活在这些国家的人民,所以应选B。

2. [答案][D][分析] 词义辨析与搭配题,“confusedly”意为“困惑地,混乱地”;“cheerfully”意为“高兴地,愉快地”;“worriedly”意为“担心地,担忧地”;“hopefully”意为“满怀希望地,抱有希望地”。

所填之词修饰“looked to the future”,所以本题应选D。

3. [答案][A][分析]词义辨析与搭配题,“share”意为“分享,共享”,指与另一个人或其他人共同享有或具有;“forget”意为“忘记,忘却”;“attain”意为“获得,得到”,指经过努力得到;“reject”意为“拒绝,不接受”。

句子的主语是“many of the leaders”,根据前面的“Born in the crisis of the old regime…”可知,应选A。

4. [答案][C][分析]词义搭配题,所填之词与“to”搭配。

“related to”意为“与…有关”;“close to”意为“接近…”;“open to”意为“向…开放”;“devoted to”意为“投身于…”,主语通常是人。

所填之词与“to talent(有才能者)”搭配,修饰“careers”,所以本题应选C。

5. [答案][C][分析] 词义辨析与搭配题,“a ccess”指接近、进入或使用权力。

2007考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译(1994-2012)

2007考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译(1994-2012)

2007 Text 1①If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier②months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.③uesses: a) certain astrological signsWhat might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few gconfer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”④ined, ledThis success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determ Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of⑤their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming–are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”【重点词汇】certificate n.证书【巧】certif (y证明) +ic(形容词后缀)+ate(作名词后缀表“物”)=具证明性质的东西→证书。

2007年考研英语真题—答案

2007年考研英语真题—答案

2007 年考研英语试题参考答案Section I Use of English1.B2. D3. C4. A5. C6.D7. C8. C9. B 10. C11.C 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.C16.D 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.DSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.C 22.B 23.D 24.D 25.C26.D 27.C 28.A 29.A 30.B31.C 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.B36.D 37.A 38.B 39.A 40.DPart B41.F 42.D 43.B 44.C 45.EPart C (仅供参考)46、一直以来,在这些大学里,法律知识的学习看作是律师的专属,而不是受教育人士必备知识的一部分。

47、另一方面,以类似记者在每天采访和评论新闻时炮制联系的方式,法律把这些概念(公正、民主和自由)和日常实践联系在一起。

48、但是,记者必须比普通公民更为深刻地理解法律,这种说法是基于对新闻媒体的既定常规和特殊职责的理解。

49、事实上,我们很难想象,对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清楚把握的记者如何能胜任政治方面的报道。

50、尽管律师的意见和态度可能会增加报道的深度,但记者最好还是应该依靠自己的理解并做出自己的判断。

Section III Writing (仅供参考)Part AJanuary 20th, 2007Dear Sir or Madam,I’m a student in the university and a loyal reader of this library. I’m writing totell some of my ideas, which I hope to be helpful for you.I notice that many magazines in our library are out of date. It would bebeneficial to us students if they could be updated in time. And I suggest introducing some new journals so as to bring new fresh air to the library. Furthermore, since we have a huge number of books, it is not easy to find theright one easily. However, if we can introduce some new searching means, suchas implementing new information management system that would be useful.Thank you for taking tim e reading this letter and I’m looking forward to seeing some new changes soon.Sincerely Yours,Li MingPart BAs can be seen from the cartoon, different ideas may come from the same thing. In the picture, while trying to catch the upcoming soccer, the goal-keeper saysto himself why it is so big. And, the striker simply thinks in a different way, that is why it is so small?!What makes such a big contrary on the same tournament at the same moment?It is no doubt that they are facing the very same goal and experiencing the very same moment. However, the subjective views result in different impression on the same object. Many of us may still remember the story of a pony crossing the river, which we learned from the textbook in primary school. The squirrel tells him, the river is deep; and the cow tells him, the river is not deep at all. However, in the end, he tells himself a third answer. Therefore, it is not exaggerating to say that most of us are looking into the world with personal ideas. Subjective mental status may result in a really big difference in personal views, just like the goal-keeper and the striker in the drawing.A possible solution might be to face any situation as objectively as possible. If we realize this in an objective way, it would be good for us to deal with what we encounter in life, especially when we are in setbacks or facing difficulties.。

2007年考研英语(一)真题与答案

2007年考研英语(一)真题与答案

2007 年考研英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 . (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguesecolonies had becomeindependent nations. The roughly 20 million___1___ of these nationslooked ___2___ to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime andIberian Colonialism, many of the leaders o f independence___3___ theideals of representative government, careers ___4___ to talent, freedomof commerce and trade, the ___5___ to private property, and a belief inthe individual as the basis of society. ___6___ there was a belief that thenew nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough tobe economically viable and integrated by a ___7___ set of laws.On the issue of ___8___ of religion and the position of the church,___9___, there was less agreement ___10___ the leadership. RomanCatholicism had been the state religion and the only one ___11___ by theSpanish crown. ___12___ most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism___13___ the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the___14___ of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying___15___ for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were oftenegalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid fromHaiti and had ___16___ in return to abolish slavery in the areas heliberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except S a p i n’s___17___ colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much ___18___ because t he new nations still needed t he revenue s uch policies ___19___. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was ___20___ self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by,[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about,[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in2006’s World Cup t o urnamnet,you would most likely find a noteworthyquirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earliermonths of the year than in the later months. If you then examined theEuropean national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professionalranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon?Here are a fewguesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, whichincreases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely toconceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d)none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in ―noneof the above. ‖Ericssongrew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized hewould have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switchedto psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involvedmemory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series ofnumbers. ―With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digitspan had risen from 7 to 20, ‖ Ericsson recalls. ―He kept improving, a after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers. ‖This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itselfis not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act ofmemorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person ―encodesth‖e information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait wecommonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming –are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentionedto[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word ―mania‖(Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the texttries to convey?[A] ―Faith will move mountains. ‖[B] ―One reaps what one sows. ‖[C] ―Practice makes perfect. ‖[D] ―Like father, like son. ‖Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Paradehas featured a column called ―Ask Marilyn. ‖People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level ofsomeone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 –the highestscore ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and todeduce numerical sequences,among other similar tasks. So it is a bitconfusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100) as, What ’s the difference between love and fondness?Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It ’s not obvious how th capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits oneto answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Justwhat does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics,computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQscore, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. Thetest comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scaleand the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usuallygiven only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant ’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing themental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized t ests may not assessall the important elementsnecessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. Inhis article ―How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing? ‖, Sternberg no traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measurecreativity and practical knowledge, components a lso critical to problemsolving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict sowell once populations or situations change. R esearch hasfound that IQpredicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stressconditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlatedwith leadership –that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiledthrough SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it`sknowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may bedifferent.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of humanintelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vosSavant ’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant ’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliableindicators of one ’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author ’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and criticsof all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, butfew have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. Asa result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback –a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This ―adde-dworker effect ‖could support the safety net offered byunemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same p eriod, families have been asked t o absorb m uch more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees,and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families whomust worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen –a nd newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls toWal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families fu’t ure healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance–h ave jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s doub-l i e ncome families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush ’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families ’investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses a nd boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them –especially in America –the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’sagenda in businesses o f every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this yea–r from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even theUniversity of California, Berkeley –have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.―Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much asany other asset, ‖says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University ’s buschool. ―Theability to guard customer data is the key to market value,which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders. ‖Indeas there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted SecurityPractices, suggested Eli Noam of New York ’s Columbia Business School.―Settingthe proper investment level for security, redundancy, andrecovery is a management issue, not a technical one, . ‖he saysThe mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that mostvaluable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive torestore –and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than acompany letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged–though notjustified –by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) fordata leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms didnot have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That maychange fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing therounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America ’sFederal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on noticethat regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement ―It never rains but it pours ‖is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems tofind out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the pointthat[A] shareholders ’interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that somebosses fail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC ’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A —G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1 . (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids ’Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids Sen’s e of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in earlyadulthood for their kids. Even if a job ’s starting salary seems too small satisfy an emerging adult ’n esed for rapid content, the transiti o n fromschool to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready forthe move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not,Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call -life ―wo unreadiness. ‖41You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodicallyreview their emerging strengths and weaknesseswith them and worktogether on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming backto, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.42Kids need a range of authentic role models–as opposed to membersof their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-tablediscussions about people the family knows and how they got where theyare. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying ―Ihave no idea. ‖T h c e a y n change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy43view of the future is of little good.Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parentsshould be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assignresponsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines aremet. Encourage teenagersto take a part-time job. Kids need plenty ofpractice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.44Playing video gamesencouragesimmediate content. And hours ofwatching TV shows with canned laughter only teacheskids to processinformation in a passive way. At the same time, listening throughearphones t o the same monotonous beats for long stretches e ncourageskids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. Allthese activities can prevent the growth of important communication andthinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind ofsustained concentration they will need for most jobs.45They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelingsof inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolveconflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at homecan help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skillsto everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to bestruggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents stillhave a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across a s disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect f or whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becominga partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly onANSWER SHEET 2 . (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate p rograms in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary partof the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a numberof Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcelof a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. L aw is a discipline which encouragesresponsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist ’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the newsmedia.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journaliststo rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions forimproving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2 .Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―Li Ming ‖ instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. Inyour essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points)2007 年考研英语(一)答案Section I: Use of English(10 points)1. B2. D3. A4. C5. C6. D7. B8. A9. B 10. C11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. DSection II: Reading Comprehension(60 points)Part A (40 points)21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. DPart B (10 points)41. F 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. EPart C (10 points)46. 长久以来,法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

07年考研英语真题解析

07年考研英语真题解析

2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案及解析Section l Use of English1. [答案][B][分析]词义辨析题,“native”意为本地人,本国人,指一个地方原始居民或长期居住者中的一位;“inhabitant ”意为居民,居住者,指长期居住在某地的人;“people”意为人,人们,本身通常为复数;“individual”意为个体,指具有自己独特个性的、作为个体存在的人。

前面句子说一些殖民地已经成为独立国家,本句话说这些国家的…展望着未来,说明本句话指的是生活在这些国家的人民,所以应选B。

2. [答案][D][分析] 词义辨析与搭配题,“confusedly”意为“困惑地,混乱地”;“cheerfully”意为“高兴地,愉快地”;“worriedly”意为“担心地,担忧地”;“hopefully”意为“满怀希望地,抱有希望地”。

所填之词修饰“looked to the future”,所以本题应选D。

3. [答案][A][分析]词义辨析与搭配题,“share”意为“分享,共享”,指与另一个人或其他人共同享有或具有;“forget”意为“忘记,忘却”;“attain”意为“获得,得到”,指经过努力得到;“reject”意为“拒绝,不接受”。

句子的主语是“many of the leaders”,根据前面的“Born in the crisis of the old regime…”可知,应选A。

4. [答案][C][分析]词义搭配题,所填之词与“to”搭配。

“related to”意为“与…有关”;“close to”意为“接近…”;“open to”意为“向…开放”;“devoted to”意为“投身于…”,主语通常是人。

所填之词与“to talent(有才能者)”搭配,修饰“careers”,所以本题应选C。

5. [答案][C][分析] 词义辨析与搭配题,“a ccess”指接近、进入或使用权力。

2007年考研英语真题及解析

2007年考研英语真题及解析

2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文主要论述了西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地在独立以后面临的各种问题。

第一段指出独立运动领导人对于新国家理念的共同之处。

第二段指出领导人存在分歧的方面。

第三段是总结,指出平等主义在新国家的实现比较缓慢。

二、试题具体解析1.[A] natives 本地人[B] inhabitants 居民[C] peoples 民族[D] individuals 个人【答案】B【考点】词汇辨析【难度系数】 0.422【解析】空的前句指出西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地成为了独立的国家。

空所在的语境为:大约200万这些国家的看到未来。

显然这里填的词应该表示这些国家的居民。

四个选项中B项最能准确表达此项含义,故答案为B。

2.[A] confusedly困惑地[B] cheerfully快乐地[C] worriedly焦虑地[D] hopefully有希望地【答案】D【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】0.569【解析】显然这里填的一个词是形容民众是如何看待未来的状况的。

文章首句已经说明这些前殖民地相继独立,对于刚脱离殖民统治的民众来说,这是应该一个令人欣喜的事件,因此,后文的论述也应与此一致。

D项最能反映这一情形,故答案为D。

3.[A] shared分享[B] forgot忘记[C] attained获得[D] rejected拒绝【答案】A【考点】词汇搭配【难度系数】0.418【解析】空所在的语意为:许多独立国家的领导者典型的政府理念,……,以及把个体的信仰作为社会的基础。

显然典型政府、职业、和自由贸易等都是对这一理念的具体说明,应该是这些领导人共同持有的。

能表现一个群体拥有共同想法的动词只有A,故答案为A。

4.[A] related与……有联系[B] close接近[C] open开放的[D] devoted专心致志于做……【答案】C【考点】词汇辨析【难度系数】0.273【解析】我们已经判断出文章对这些领导人行为描述都是正面的,那么职业对有才能的人开放应该符合这种态度,故答案为C。

2007年考研英语(一)真题与答案

2007年考研英语(一)真题与答案

2007年考研英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million ___1___ of these nations looked ___2___ to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence ___3___ the ideals of representative government, careers ___4___ to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the ___5___ to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. ___6___ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a ___7___ set of laws.On the issue of ___8___ of religion and the position of the church, ___9___, there was less agreement ___10___ the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one ___11___ by the Spanish crown. ___12___ most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism ___13___ the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the ___14___ of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying ___15___ for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had ___16___ in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Sp ain’s ___17___ colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much ___18___ because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies ___19___. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was ___20___ self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by,[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about,[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c)soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With th e first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait wecommonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentionedto[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probabl y means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the texttries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 –the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it`s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may bedifferent.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of humanintelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vosSavant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is t he author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effec t” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees,and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent –and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much asany other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to m arket value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of N ew York’s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore –and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, oversha dowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is u sed to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems tofind out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the pointthat[A] shareholders’ interests sho uld be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that somebosses fail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG . Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adu lthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work -life unreadiness.” You canstart this process when theyare 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.414243Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.Playing video gamesencourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)4445The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable com ponent of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2007年考研英语(一)答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1. B2. D3. A4. C5. C6. D7. B8. A9. B 10. C11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. DPart B (10 points)41. F 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. EPart C (10 points)46. 长久以来,法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

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2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank. (10 points)and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 大1家 of these nations looked 大2家 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime andIberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 大3家 the ideals of representative government, careers 大4家 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 大5家 to private property, and a belief inthe individual as the basis of society. 大6家 there was a belief thatthe new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 大7家 set of laws.On the issue of 大8家 of religion and the position of the church,大9家, there was less agreement 大10家 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 大11家 by the Spanish crown. 大12家 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism大13家 the official religion of the new states, some s ought to end the 大14家 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying大15家 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aidfrom Haiti and had 大16家 in return to abolish slavery in the areashe liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 大17家 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes onpeople of mixed origin came much 大18家 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 大19家. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 大20家self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer playerin 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in theearlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be evenmore pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a fewguesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switchedto psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.“With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digitspan had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory i tselfis not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well eachperson “encodes” the information. And t he best way to learn how t o encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known asdeliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much o n technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gatherall the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments withhigh achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the traitwe commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the texttries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, toenvision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vosSavant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as,What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the natureof luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean t o be smart? How m uch o f intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computerscience and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be theIQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used tobe. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come inadult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on astatistical population distribution among a ge peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How I ntelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components alsocritical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the testswere given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predictedthe opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may bedifferent.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of humanintelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family thatonce could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financiallysecure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now apink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work,transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of thesechanges, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risenas well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their newtwo-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) w ho could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fellsick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can nolonger be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same p eriod, families have been asked to absorb much m ore risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, andnow those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harshreality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of thepast year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislativehalls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the oddsof having a weak elderly parent –and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise morefinancial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finallysorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left,until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel,information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businessesof every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, andrecovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come a s a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that mostvaluable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensiveto restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust thana company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may h ave been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe)for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some o rganizations check their systems tofind out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the pointthat[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some b ossesfail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parentsare supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose aheading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numberedpart of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text arenot numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use.. (10 points)Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in earlyadulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems t oo small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transitionfrom school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult isready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call“work-life unreadiness.”大41家You can start this process when t hey are 11 or 12. Periodically reviewtheir emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together onany shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.大42家Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some i deas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.大43家Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parentsshould be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines aremet. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty ofpractice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.大44家Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to processinformation in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same m onotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. Allthese activities can prevent the growth of important communication andthinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind ofsustained concentration they will need for most jobs.大45家They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelingsof inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skillsto everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who i s grown but seems t o be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have amajor role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be carefulnot to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibitstrong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may s eem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these newadults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly onANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, ratherthan a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education isestablishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some haveeven begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part andparcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities toanalyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which isparallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they coverand comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, ofbasic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component ofa journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of theestablished conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a majorsubject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it isdifficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of thebasic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job onpolitical stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within itare primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) Whilecomment a nd reaction from lawyers may e nhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and maketheir own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions forimproving its service..You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. Inyour essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.. (20 points)You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 22007年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1. B2. D3. A4. C5. C6. D7. B8. A9. B 10. C11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. DPart B (10 points)41. F 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. EPart C (10 points)46. 长久以来,法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

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