Welcome Unit-Discovering Structures人教版(2019)必修一

6. 主语 + 谓语 + 状语〔S+V+Ad〕
状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，谓语动词为不及物动词 (短语)。
➢ His father has gone abroad. ➢ They talked for half an hour. ➢ The time passed quickly.
7. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语〔S+V+O+Ad〕
be动词和become是常见的系动词，后面必须接表语，说明主语 “是……〞“变成……〞的意思。其他系动词有：
表象系动词〔appear/look/seem 看起来〕 变化系动词〔get/go/grow/turn 变得〕 持续系动词〔keep/remain 仍然〕 感官系动词〔feel/sound/taste/smell 摸起来/听上去/尝起来/闻起来〕
➢ He practices running every morning. 简单谓语 ➢ Tom should give the ticket to you yesterday. 复合谓语 ➢ All of us laughed. 简单谓语
03 表语
3பைடு நூலகம் 表语 (predicative)
表语用来表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形 容词或相当于名词、形容词的短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，与 系动词一起构成句子的谓语。
➢ Researchers are hoping to find a cure for the disease. 名词
➢ I registered the car in my name. 代词 ➢ To see is to believe. 动词不定式 ➢ Cycling and boating are my favorite free time interests.
➢ He became a teacher. ➢ This is all we have. ➢ Mountains look more beautiful from a distance.
4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 〔S+V+IO+DO〕
通常情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，但有时根据强 调需要，间接宾语可置于直接宾语后，这时要在间接宾语前加to 或for。这类动词有bring, give, offer, promise, show, lend等。
Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures
句子成分及八种根本句型
Nothing is difficult to a willing heart.
主语
谓语
句子 成分
表语
宾语
宾语 补足语 定语
状语
同位语
01 主语
1. 主语 (subject)
主语表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或 相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语〔S+V+O+OC〕
在某些及物动词 (短语) 后面，要用一个“宾语 + 宾补〞才能 表达完整的意思。宾语与宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。
➢ I made the room warm last night. ➢ I heard him singing in the room.
现在分词短语
8. 同位语 (appositive) 假设两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样， 那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。
➢ We students should study haard. ➢ Professor Wang, a famous scientist, will give us a talk tomorrow.
动名词
➢ Who is to be in charge of the company has not been decided. 主语从句 ➢ Seven-tenth of the earth surface is covered with water. 数词
02 谓语
2. 谓语 (verb)
谓语用来说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短 语充当，位于主语之后。
bleeding. 形容词 ➢ My mother always keeps everything in good order.
介词短语
➢ The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. 动词不定式短语 ➢ I heard the telephone ringing. 现在分词
在there be句型中，be 后面的名词是主语，there be句型中谓语 的单复数形式与其邻近的名词保持一致。
➢ There is a piano in my room. ➢ There are 56 students in our class. ➢ There seems to be a car under the tree.
➢ He looks very angry. 形容词短语 ➢ His job is looking after sheep. 动名词短语 ➢ My favorite attraction is the Great Wall. 名词 ➢ The Forbidden City is at the centre of Beijing. 介词短语 ➢ The greatest happiness is to work for the happin动es词s o不f 定all式. 短语 ➢ My belief is that our country will become stronger and st表ro语ng从er句.
写出以下句子的根本句型
(1) The bread tastes delicious. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 (2) I will play the soccer in the playground. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 +状语 (3) He bought me a birthday present. 主语 + 谓语 + 间宾 + 直宾 (4) I could not make him change his mind. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 +宾补 (5) We finished our homework. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (6) He got up very late. 主语 + 谓语 +状语 (7) There is some milk in the bottle. there be 句型 (8) The boy cried. 主语 + 谓语
副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词。
➢ He knows what to do next. ➢ I had my first maths class in senior high. ➢ I waited for him at the school gate.
8. there be 句型，意为“有……〞
04 宾语
4. 宾语 (object) 宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或是介词所表示的某 种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词〔短语〕的后面，一般由 名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。
➢ He wrote many plays. 名词短语
➢ Call me any time. 代词 ➢ I decide to pick up a new foreign language. 动词不定式短语 ➢ Do you mind passing me the dictionary? 动名词短语
impression on us. 定语从句 ➢ They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 过去分词
07 状语
7. 状语 (adverbial)
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，一般由副词、名词、 数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。
2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 〔S+V+O〕
该句型中的动词〔短语〕都是及物动词〔短语〕，可作宾语 的有名词〔短语〕、代词、动词-ing形式、不定式〔to do〕或宾 语从句。
➢ She likes English. ➢ You must listen to me.
3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 〔S+L+P〕
➢ I bought John a birthday gift.
➢ My mother gave a piece of cake to the boy.
温馨提示： (1) give、tell、teach、write、bring、lend、hand、show、offer、 send、pay、pass、allow、return等后的间接宾语可转换为介词 to的宾语。 (2) buy、do、get、fetch、save、make、sing、choose等后的 间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。
八种根本句型
1. 主语 + 谓语 〔S+V〕 2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语〔S+V+O〕 3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 〔S+L+P〕 4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 〔S+V+IO+DO〕 5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语〔S+V+O+OC〕 6. 主语 + 谓语 + 状语〔S+V+Ad〕 7. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语〔S+V+O+Ad〕 8. there be 句型
➢ I'm very pleased to see you. 副词 ➢ I'll be back in a while. 介词短语 ➢ When she was 12 years old,she began to live in Dalian. 状语从句 ➢ Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.
➢ Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 宾语从句
5. 宾语补足语 (object complement)
有些及物动词〔短语〕带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要
加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征
1. 主语 + 谓语 〔S+V〕
这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词〔短语〕，其后面不能 直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词〔短语〕有： rise, come, go, take place, come true等。
➢ Class begins. ➢ The sun is rising. ➢ The little boy is crying.
等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后，一般由名词、形容词、
05 宾语 补足语
副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。
➢ He has proved himself an experienced teacher. 名词短语
➢ When we got there, we found the injured unconscious and
08 同位语
即时演练—写出以下句子中画线局部所作的成分。
(1) The exc主ha语nge students are celebrating the Christmas. (2) My duty is to make our表en语vironment better. (3) The children are swimming in the sw状im语ming pool. (4) I was glad to see the child well take宾n 补care of. (5) The building desi定gn语ed by her is beautiful. (6) A lot of green lands have b谓ee语n opened to the public. (7) Scientists are carrying out exp宾er语iments to test the effectiveness of the new drug.
6. 定语 (attributive)
定语是用来修饰或限定名词或代词的，一般由形容词、名词、代 词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。
06 定语
➢ These are apple trees. 名词 ➢ It's an impressive story. O形pt容io词n 04 ➢ We went to a lecture on Italian art. 介词短语 ➢ The female designer who is from the USA made a deep