2020年首都师范大学附属中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析

2020年首都师范大学附属中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
The Fall 2020 Cookbooks Worth Your Time (and Money)
Be My Guest
From Priya Basil, this book is a self-reflection on how food and the act of serving it are used to express love and support. Basil reflects on some of her earliest memories of food and how it affected her upbringing and relationship with her parents. Now a parent herself, she centers food in her book's exploration of that change of identity.
East
From Guardian columnist Meera Sodha comes a cookbook centered on vegetables. The book features recipes that cover a variety of Asian cuisines. Sodha showcases the diversity of vegetarian cooking with dishes like eggplant larb mushroom bao, Singapore noodles and so much more.
I Cook in Color
A follow-up from her first cookbook My Two Souths, Asha Gomez focuses on the rainbow of vegetables to create desserts and cross-cultural dishes that associate cooking traditions of her mother's Keralite kitchen and Gomez's travel experiences.
Time to Eat
If you're a fan of The Great British Baking Show and Nadiya Hussain's Netflix series, you'll be just as excited for the American release of this book of time-saving tips for home cooks on a budget. It's a book to go to for inspiration that doesn't involve countless hours of sweating over a hot stove.
1.What can we learn about the author ofBe My Guest?
A.She had a bad relationship with her parents.
B.She began to cook food in her early childhood.
C.She considers food a means of expressing affection.
D.She explores in the book how to be a grandparent.
2.What do theEastandI Cook in Colorhave in common?
A.They offer recipes about Asian cuisines.
B.They center on cooking vegetables.
C.They are the author's first cookbooks.
D.They are based on the author's travel experiences.
3.Which book can you refer toif you just have limited time for cooking?
A.Be My Guest.
B.East.
C.I Cook in Color.
D.Time to Eat.
B
We all use different ways to remember ideas, facts and things we need to store. Remembering is an extremely important part of our learning experience. Information process, storage and recall encourage purposeful learning.
But the brain doesn’t store everything we want or need for future use. It makes choices and tends to remember information that forms a memorable pattern. Things you learned recently can be particularly difficult to remember because they haven’t taken root in your mind.
“Forgetting allows us to remember what is really important to our survival. We forget much of what we read, watch, and think directly every day.” writes John Medina in his book, Brain Rules.
How do you avoid losing 90%of what you’ve learned? An inspiring writer and speaker Zig Ziglar once said: “Repetition is the mother of learning, the father of action, which makes it the architect of accomplishment.”
Repetition has been a remembering skill for ages. When you hear or read something once，you don’t really learn it-at least not well enough to store the new information for long. The right kind of repetition can do wonders for your memory. People learn or remember better by repeating things or getting exposed to information many times. Othersrepeat particular steps or processes deliberately a number of times or even years to become better at certain skills.
Daniel Coyle explains in his book, The Little Book of Talent:“...closing the book and writing a summary, even short ones, forces you to figure out the key points, process and organize those ideas so they make sense, and write them on the page. When you pick it back up weeks later, reread all of your notes or highlights to strengthen the ideas even further.”
People learn by repeating things. Better learning is a repetition process. Every time we repetitively access something we already know, we increase the memory’s stored value.
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The brain tends to store 90% of the things we learn.
B. The fresher the information isthe easier to remember.
C. Thinking is more important than remembering in study.
D. The brain tends to choose and keep what it thinks important.
5. How does the writer prove his opinion?
A.By giving examples.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By borrowing words of experts.
D. By providing scientific finding.
6. What does Daniel Coyle want to say in his book?
A. You can’t pay too much attention to repetition.
B. Summarizing is a very effective learning tool.
C. Forgetting forces human brain to make choices.
D. Regular repetition helps to form good habits.
7. Which do you think is the best title of the passage?
A. How the Brain Works
B. Reading for More
C. Fighting Against Forgetting
D. Repeat to Remember
C
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part ofVon Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明）a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s
worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒）from a truck all atonce.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
8. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
9. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
10. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A. Calming.
B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing.
D. Challenging.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
D
Firefighters in Florida this week helped rescue a bald eagle with a fishing hook stuck in its beak（嘴）and the attached line wrapped around its wing and beak. Firefighters at Pasco County Fire Rescue Station 21 on Thursday were greeted by two children holding the injured bald eagle and seeking help, according to the station’s Facebook page.
The firefighters called Owl’s Nest Sanctuary（保护区）for Wildlife in Odessa for assistance and a volunteer came out to help. "It appears that the eagle was wrapped in the line for about two days, was underweight, and thirsty,” the post said.Floridahas one of the densest concentrations of nesting bald eagles in the lower 48 states with an estimated 1 ,500 nesting pairs according to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.PascoCountyis located in the state's west central coast north ofTampa.
After the eagle was examined, it was placed in a container and taken to the sanctuary for treatment where Kris Potter, the sanctuary's director, successfully removed the hook.
The sanctuary posted on its Facebook page that the eagle is making up for lost time when it comes to food. "He's eating all his meals with great enthusiasm and doesn't leave a crumb（碎屑）behind,“ the post said. "In the meantime, this big guy is resting and recovering ——he's already looking so much better!”
After the eagle is considered stable, it will be taken toBuschGardensinTampafor further treatment, according to the post.
“ Thankfully the eagle appears in good health and veterinarians（兽医）believe that the eagle will fully recover," the post said.
When the eagle is cleared for return to the wild, it will be released in the area around Station 21 , the station said in its post.
“A big thank-you to everyone who helped save this bald eagle's life! We are thankful for this happy outcome!” the post concluded. The sanctuary used the story to remind those who enjoy fishing to properly dispose of their garbage.
12. Who initially found the injured bald eagle?
A. Firefighters.
B. Two children.
C. The sanctuary's founder.
D. A volunteer.
13. Where will the eagle be set free?
A. AtPascoCounty Fire Rescue Station 21.
B. In the neighborhood around Station 21.
C. In the sanctuary inOdessa.
D. InBuschGardensinTampa.
14. Why did the sanctuary post the story?
A. To win a good reputation.
B. To praise those firefighters.
C. To appeal to people to protect bald eagles.
D. To remind fishing lovers to deal with rubbish properly.
15. What can we know about the outcome of the event?
A. It's unexpected.
B. It's beautiful.
C. It's humorous.
D. It's discouraging.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
How To Cultivate Your Confidence
Self-confidence, the combination of self-efficacy and self-esteem, is an essential part of humanity. A person with self-confidence generally is willing to take risks to achieve his personal goals. Someone who lacks self-confidence, however, is less likely to feel that he can achieve his goals.___16___
Identify your negative thoughts,
Your negative thoughts might sound like this: “I can’t do that,” “I will surely fail”. This inner voice is pessimistic and unhelpful and will hold you back from achieving high self-esteem and greater self-confidence.
Turn your negative thoughts to positive thoughts.
___17___This may take the form of positive affirmations, such as “I am going to try it,” “I can be successful if I work at it,” or “people will listen to me.” Start with just a few positive thoughts a day.
Refuse to allow negative thoughts to occur more often than positive thoughts.
Eventually, your positive thoughts should be given more “brain space” than your negative thoughts.___18___ ___19___Avoid spending time around things that can make you feel bad about yourself again. These might be reminders from the past, clothing that no longer fits, or places that don’t fit with your new goals of gaining confidence. Though you may not be able to get rid of every negative source in your life, you can certainly think about how to cut your losses.___20___
A. Get away from your past.
B. Rid reminders of your negativity.
C. This will go a long way in building up your self-confidence.
D. This means that you can have an abundance of self-confidence.
E. The more your positive thoughts get, the less your negative thoughts get.
F. As you pay attention to your negative thoughts, turn them around to positive thoughts.
G. The good news is that self-confidence is something that you can build on your own.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项While we all hear that this or that is badfor us, and the conflicting information can be frustrating（令人沮丧
的）to say the least, there is one thing that doctors and experts____21____warn us about, and that is the use of____22____containers.
We all want to do what is best for our____23____. However, it can be hard to____24____all the newest information and warnings.
While plastic containers can be great for____25____food, doctors say that we should find a much better way to keep it. New research tells us that we should never____26____plastic containers to put hot food in, or to heat up food in.
If you've ever heard about BPA（双酚A）, you've probably heard that it can be____27____. It is put in the plastic in containers to harden them, but is known to be____28____to our health.
The problem with BPA is that it can change the timing of puberty（发育期），increase body fat, and____29____the immune and nervous systems.
Phthalates（塑化剂）are just as bad for your body and are also______30______in plastic. They are used to make plastic more flexible and can______31______cardiovascular（心血管的）disease.
We used to think that BPA was______32______released（释放）into our food when we______33______our food in these plastic containers in the microwave, but studies show there are more______34______of these chemicals than we think.
Studies have also shown that putting these plastic containers inthe dishwasher can also release these______35______which means they're not even______36______after you wash them.
So what are we supposed to do? Experts______37______buying glass containers. These won't have the chemical issues that plastic containers do, and______38______with enough of us buying them, producers will______39______the price of glass containers, so more and more people can afford to buy them.
______40______this story with your family and friends so that they can be sure to keep their families safe too!
21. A. privately B. consistently C. recently D. apparently
22. A. recycled B. locked C. plastic D. handy
23. A. research B. health C. children D. customers
24. A. keep up with B. put up with C. look forward to D. look back on
25. A. preparing B. serving C. ordering D. storing
26. A. take over B. rely on C. care about D. shut up
27. A. poisonous B. addictive C. different D. cheap
28. A. relevant B. useful C. harmful D. important
29. A. affect B. reflect C. control D. support
30. A. increased B. cleaned C. predicted D. found
31. A. respond to B. contribute to C. fight against D. mix with
32. A. even B. still C. already D. only
33. A. cooked B. preserved C. produced D. harvested
34. A. wastes B. examples C. dangers D. changes
35. A. details B. chemicals C. data D. gases
36. A. special B. convenient C. effective D. safe
37. A. recommend B. continue C. admit D. resist
38. A. suddenly B. personally C. hopeful!' D. proudly
39. A. determine B. compare C. check D. decrease
40. A. Write B. Update C. Share D. End
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Nearly all people have heard of the silent treatment,_______41._______is a method of psychological（心理的）punishment you've probably received or used, whether you are aware of it or not．There are many examples to explain what it is．For example, you avoid_______42._______（talk）to a person when meeting him or her．Or you refuse to respond to a person's messages or answer his or her phone calls when you_______43._______（contact）．When_______44._______comes to its serious effects, those who suffer from it may experience low spirits,_______45._______（angry）as well as loneliness and hopelessness．Along with these, being ignored can put people in physical pain, from headaches_______46._______stomachaches．Worse still, it can cause them_______47._______（behave）in abnormal ways．
When you are ignored, what should you do?_______48._______（chat）with the people directly to solve the problem．Make sure the people who ignore you know you care about them．More_______49._______（important）, remember that no problem can be settled by ignoring．Therefore, not letting the silent treatment happen is the best way．
In________50.________word, don't ignore people, especially those who are close to you．
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。

错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Last Monday, it hit me that my beloved grandmother birthday was around the corner. I decided to make her an unique present. Without the slightest hesitation, I threw me into creating this priceless album. I turned on the computer, carefully selected some photos, added to some decorations, and designed each pages carefully. Eventually, an album of love born. Looked at my work with satisfaction, I couldn’t help imagining how delightedly my grandma would be.
Soon, the big day arrived. At the birthday party, I presented the album to Grandma. The moment she saw the special gift, she hugs me affectionately, tears rolling in her eyes, what made my parents smile genuinely as well.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.成语是中国文化的重要组成部分，它能用简明的词语表达出丰富且深刻的寓意。

假定你是李华，请你给远在美国的笔友Peter写信，包括如下内容：
1.简单介绍成语的特点（四字组成）
2.说明成语是中文的重要组成部分以及学好成语的重要意义
3.分享自己学好成语的经验，方法和心得
成语Chinese idioms
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当指加细节，以使行文连贯
Dear Peter,
I am glad that you are interested in Chinese idioms.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________
Yours,
LiHua
参考答案
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D
12. B 13. B 14. D 15. B
16. G 17. F 18. E 19. B 20. C
21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32.
D 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. C
41. which
42. talking
43. are contacted
44. it 45. anger
46. to 47. to behave
48. Chat 49. importantly
50. a
51.(1). grandmother→grandmother’s
(2). an→a
(3). me→myself
(4). to删去
(5). pages→page
(6). born前加was
(7). Looked→Looking
(8). delightedly→delighted
(9). hugs→hugged
(10). what→which
52.略。