ADVANCED MACROECONOMICS CHAP 5

合集下载

ADVANCE研究解读

12877名2型糖尿病患者入组 11140名患者随机分组
1737名患者脱落
5571名患者进入强化血糖控制组
5569名患者进入标准血糖控制组
4828名（87%）患者
4741名（85%）患者
随访5年至研究结束
随访5年至研究结束
Pfizer Internal Use
研究设计

强化治疗策略—在强化治疗组将接受：
2.
3.
Pfi
突出宣传：该研究是“以格列齐特缓释片为基础” 的强化治疗方案突出宣传：主要研究复合终点发生危险比标准治疗组显著降低10%---以格列齐特缓释片为基础强化降糖方案具有卓越的血管保护作用

突出宣传：以格列齐特缓释片为基础的强化降糖方案安全有效控制血糖---并未发生在ACCORD 研究中出现的强化治疗组死亡率增加的情况
Pfizer Internal Use
Pfizer Internal Use
研究设计

全球规模最大的2型糖尿病前瞻性、随机、对照临床研究研究纳入11,140例2型糖尿病患者，干预和随访五年治疗组分为强化控制血糖治疗组（HbA1c控制在6.5%以下）和标准控制血糖治疗组观察5年
Pfizer Internal Use
研究设计
ADVANCE研究简介与启示
2型糖尿病患者强化血糖控制与血管并发症
The ADVANCE Collaborative Group, N Engl J Med 2008 ;358:2560-72
Pfizer Internal Use
研究目的

观察强化控制血糖（HbA1c降至6.5%）和常规降血压治疗（ACEI+利尿剂）对2型糖尿病患者大血管（心梗/卒中/心血管死亡）及微血管（肾脏或眼部疾病进行性恶化）合并症的作用

荧光定量pcr反应marstermix的组成

荧光定量pcr反应marstermix的组成
荧光定量PCR反应Master Mix主要由以下组成部分组成：
1. DNA模板：待扩增的DNA模板，可以是肺炎链球菌等目标DNA。

2. 引物：针对目标 DNA 的引物，通常使用一对引物，分别位
于目标序列的起始和终止位点。

3. dNTPs：四种脱氧核苷酸（dATP、dCTP、dGTP、dTTP），供DNA链的合成使用。

4. 荧光探针：针对目标 DNA 特异性设计的荧光标记的探针，
可以用来检测扩增产物的存在与否。

5. 酶：Taq DNA聚合酶，用于催化 DNA 链的延伸反应。

也可
以添加其它DNA聚合酶如Pfu酶等来增加扩增反应的准确性
和稳定性。

6. 缓冲液：包含适量的镁离子以提供合适的反应条件，以及其他缓冲剂来维持反应环境的稳定。

7. 附加物：一些特定的荧光定量PCR反应Master Mix还可能
包含额外的物质，如COX II基因控制序列、内参等，用于反
应体系的正常控制和数据分析。

这些组分会被提前混合好，形成Master Mix，以便于后续的PCR反应步骤。

ChatGPT技术在生物信息学中的应用

ChatGPT技术在生物信息学中的应用生物信息学是一门研究生物数据的收集、处理和分析的学科，它在解决生物学问题的过程中起着重要的作用。

然而，由于生物数据量庞大、复杂性高，传统的生物信息学工具和数据库往往无法满足研究人员需要快速准确获取信息的需求。

最近，人工智能技术的发展为改善生物信息学领域带来了新的机会。

其中，ChatGPT技术——一种基于人工智能的自动对话生成技术，正日益应用于解决生物信息学中的难题。

ChatGPT是OpenAI公司开发的一种自然语言处理模型，它基于大规模的语言数据集进行训练，具备了生成连贯且符合语法语义的对话回复能力。

与传统的基于规则的问答系统不同，ChatGPT通过学习大量对话数据，能够灵活应对各种问答场景，更好地满足用户需求。

在生物信息学中，ChatGPT技术的应用范围广泛。

首先，ChatGPT可以用于生物序列分析。

生物序列包括蛋白质序列、基因组序列等，分析这些序列是了解生物基因功能等重要问题的关键。

ChatGPT可以通过对话的形式，提供对生物序列的解释、预测功能。

研究人员可以通过向ChatGPT提问关于生物序列的问题，比如"该序列编码的蛋白质功能是什么？"、"这段序列是否存在突变位点？"等，ChatGPT可以根据已有的数据和训练经验，给出准确的回答和预测结果。

其次，ChatGPT在药物研发领域也有着广泛应用。

药物研发是一个非常复杂的过程，需要进行大量的实验和数据分析。

而ChatGPT可以提供对于已有的文献和数据库的解读和分析。

研究人员可以向ChatGPT提问关于药物的性质、适应症、副作用等方面的问题，ChatGPT会根据已有的研究成果和文献数据库，提供有价值的信息和建议。

这种使用方式使得药物研发的过程更加高效和准确。

此外，ChatGPT还可以应用于生物信息学中的基因编辑和突变预测。

基因编辑技术如CRISPR-Cas9的出现，使得基因组编辑成为可能。

真核细胞转录延伸因子的功能

真核细胞转录延伸因子的功能1.引言1.1 概述概述部分的内容：真核细胞转录延伸因子是调控基因表达的重要蛋白质因子之一。

在转录过程中，转录延伸因子能够与RNA聚合酶II复合物相互作用，参与基因转录的调控和调节。

这些转录延伸因子具有多种功能和特点，包括促进RNA聚合酶II的活性、调节转录延伸速率、介导转录中的修饰过程以及与其他蛋白质因子的相互作用等。

它们在基因表达过程中起着关键的作用。

本文旨在系统地介绍真核细胞转录延伸因子的功能及其调控机制。

通过对现有的研究结果进行综述，我们将详细讨论这些分子的定义、特点和作用方式。

同时，我们还将探讨它们在基因转录中的具体功能，包括参与基因的转录启动、过渡到延伸阶段，以及调控基因表达的整体过程。

最后，我们会对当前的研究进行总结，并展望未来的研究方向。

通过深入理解转录延伸因子的功能，我们可以更好地认识基因表达调控的分子机制，为进一步的研究和应用提供新的思路和方向。

本文旨在拓展读者对转录延伸因子的认识，促进相关领域的学术交流和合作。

相信通过本文的详细介绍和梳理，读者将对转录延伸因子有更加全面和深入的理解。

1.2文章结构文章结构是指文章的整体组织与框架，它有助于读者快速了解文章内容的布局和逻辑关系。

本文的结构如下：1. 引言1.1 概述1.2 文章结构1.3 目的2. 正文2.1 真核细胞转录延伸因子的定义和特点2.2 真核细胞转录延伸因子的功能12.3 真核细胞转录延伸因子的功能23. 结论3.1 总结3.2 研究展望在本文中，引言部分为读者提供了对真核细胞转录延伸因子功能的背景和意义的概述。

接下来的文章结构部分将详细介绍文章的整体组织和框架。

正文部分则分为三个章节。

首先，在2.1节中，我们将对真核细胞转录延伸因子进行定义和特点的阐述，其中包括其在细胞内的重要作用和相关研究进展。

接着，在2.2节和2.3节中，将详细介绍真核细胞转录延伸因子的两个功能方面，包括其在转录过程中的作用机制、调控途径和相关实验研究。

《高级微观经济学Advanced Microeconomics》课件PPT-l

2.Properties of PS.
• Additive (free entrance) :
y Y,and y Y, then y y Y • Convexity: y Y,and y Y, then y (1 )y Y, here [0,1]
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• Proposition1: if Y is convex, so is V(q). • Proposition2: if V(q) is convex, f(x) is quasiconcave.
lecture 1 for Chu Kechen Honors College
y Y, ay Y, a 0
lecture 1 for Chu Kechen Honors College
4.Returns to scale
• Proposition 3: Y is constant returns to
scale if Y is both “additive” and “convexity”. • Proposition 4: single production, if and only if f(.) is homogenous of degree 1, Y is constant returns to scale.
the array y y, and y Y means y Y • No free lunch: Y n {0}
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for Chu Kechen Honors College

智能融合cSoC：ACE序列控制使用纤维和MSS说明书

Application Note AC366May 20191© 2019 Microsemi Corporation SmartFusion cSoC: ACE Sequencing Control Using Fabric and MSSTable of ContentsIntroductionThe mixed signal blocks found in the SmartFusion ® customizable system-on-chip (cSoC) devices are controlled and connected to the rest of the system via a dedicated processor called the analog compute engine (ACE). The ACE is built to handle the sampling, sequencing, and post-processing of the ADCs,DACs, and signal conditioning blocks (SCBs). For a larger deterministic synchronization between the sampling and custom fabric logic, the sample sequencing in the ACE is controlled through the microprocessor subsystem (MSS) or FPGA fabric logic.This application note provides the two design examples which allow deterministic synchronization between the sampling essential steps:•"Design Example 1: ACE Sequencer Using Fabric Logic" on page 3•"Design Example 2: Simultaneous Sampling Using the MSS" on page 5This application note also assumes that you are familiar with the SmartFusion analog block. Refer to the SmartFusion Programmable Analog User’s Guide for more information.Sample Sequencing in ACEThe ACE in the SmartFusion cSoC is made up of two major blocks:•Sample sequencing engine (SSE)•Post processing engine (PPE)The SSE offers a flexible configuration of the analog front end (AFE) resources (analog inputs and monitors, comparators, ADCs, and DACs), as well as a variety of simple and sophisticated sample sequencing. The PPE is a self sufficient block that allows the data processing such as linear transformation, filtering, and thresholds comparisions, etc. The ACE also has an interface with the AFE and the MSS/FPGA fabric.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Sample Sequencing in ACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Design Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Special Consideration During the Simultaneous Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Appendix A: ACE Configuration and Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Appendix B: Special ACE Register for Design Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Appendix C: Configuration for Simultaneous Sample Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Appendix D: ACE Configuration and Procedure for Design Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Appendix E: Design Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14List of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15SmartFusion cSoC: ACE Sequencing Control Using Fabric and MSS2It interfaces with the MSS and fabric is through the APB3 bus as depicted in Figure1.Figure2 provides an overview of the sample sequencing engine (SSE) block and its interfaces to PPE, APB3, ADCs, DACs, and ACB. The SSE block has the following:•The sample sequencing instruction (SSI) unit multiplexes between APB3 and program instruction in SRAM, access to the analog fabric registers.•Time division multiplexing finite state machine (TDM FSM): Creates the timeslots for each of the three ADCs, as well as a shared timeslot for APB3 or PPE accesses. The ADC timeslots are allocated during the ACE configuration in the SmartDesign.•APB3/PPE interface: Arbitrates the SSE access between the APB3 and PPE.•24-bit phase accumulators: Front-end accumulators for the three SDDs.Figure 1 • Overview of ACE Architecture and InterfacesFigure 2 • Overview of ACE Architecture and InterfacesDesign Example 3The TDM FSM block (shown in Figure 2 on page 2) implements a mechanism to sequence through the ADCs. It allows the equal access by three separate program counters (PC0, PC1, and PC2) in the SSE and the APB3/PPE master. The SSE uses a separate program counters (PC) for sequencing and controlling each ADCs independently. When controlling the SSE from the APB3 master, the master needs to honor the wait-states generated by the PREADY signal during the normal operation of the SSE TDM timeslot counter.Note:When the TDM timeslot counter is enabled for normal operation of the SSE block, there are alwaysfour timeslots, regardless of whether there are one, two, or three ADC instances in a specificdevice.The TDM FSM is controlled by FABACETRIG signal or SSE_TS_CTRL register when bit 0 of•SSE_TS_CTRL register or FABACETRIG is set to 1, it enables all 4 timeslots •SSE_TS_CTRL or FABACETRIG set to 0, it only enables access to the APB3 master – this fixesthe PREADY signal high to allow the zero-wait state access to the APB3 masterThe SmartFusion cSoC devices also have the capability of simultaneous sampling on different ADCs.Simultaneous synchronized ADC conversion control register (ADC_SYNC_CONV) allows for a single program to issue the synchronized start instructions for all ADCs.Design ExampleThis section describes the design examples. This application note shows two design examples of controlling the ACE sequencer using the fabric logic and MSS.The first design example shows a master in fabric, uses the FABACETRIG to access the APB3 interface in the ACE, and then control the SSE sampling. The second design example shows the simultaneous sampling on multiple ADCs using the MSS.Note:The timeslots do not have any capability neither to block each other nor to signal each other. So,you need to use the special consideration during the simultaneous sampling. For more details, referto "Special Consideration During the Simultaneous Sampling" on page 6.Design Example 1: ACE Sequencer Using Fabric LogicThis design example shows a master in fabric controlling the SSE timeslot. It uses the FABACETRIG (refer to "Appendix A: ACE Configuration and Connectivity" on page 8) signal to access the APB3interface in ACE and then control the SSE sampling. Figure 3 illustrates the concept of using the FABACETRIG to control the SSE sampling.Figure 3 •Timing Diagram showing FABACETRIG to Control SSE SamplingSmartFusion cSoC: ACE Sequencing Control Using Fabric and MSS4The fabric APB master is responsible for:•Detecting that the ACE has reached the end of a sequence through the ACEFLAGS signal (ACEFLAGS are connected to ACE_TRIGGER in fabric).•Assert the FABACETRIG signal to the ACE to halt the SSE time division multiplexing.•Clear the *_PPE_DONE notification flag by writing to the ACE PPE_FLAGS0_IRQ_CLR registers (refer to "Appendix B: Special ACE Register for Design Example" on page 12).•Notifying the rest of the fabric logic to begin a transaction. This is simulated in this design with the ENABLE_PWM signal that enable a CorePWM IP.•Re-enabling the ACE sequencer by writing to the program counter enables bit and writing the next program counter address (refer to "Appendix B: Special ACE Register for Design Example"on page 12). The program counter address is found in the<project>\firmware\drivers_config\mss_ace\ace_config.c file.The starting loop address for a given procedure is specified in the ace_procedure_dest_t table.For example, in the structure below, “2” is the starting loop address for this procedure.{g_ace_sse_proc_0_name, /* const uint8_t * p_sz_proc_name */ 2, /* uint16_t sse_loop_pc */ 0, /* uint16_t sse_load_offset */ sizeof(g_ace_sse_proc_0_sequence) / sizeof(uint16_t), /* uint16_tsse_ucode_length */g_ace_sse_proc_0_sequence, /* const uint16_t * sse_ucode */ 0 /* uint8_t sse_pc_id */ },The block diagram of the design example is shown in Figure4.Figure 4 •Top Level Block Diagram of ACE Sequencer Using Fabric LogicDesign Example 5The design example is available for downloading at/download/rsc/?f=A2F_AC366_DF .The following waveform (Figure 5) shows the ACE and fabric APB3 master interacting.Design Example 2: Simultaneous Sampling Using the MSSThe second design example shows the simultaneous sampling on multiple ADCs using the MSS.Figure 6 shows the ACE configuration used in this design. "Appendix C: Configuration for Simultaneous Sample Procedure" on page 13 shows the option to enable simultaneous sampling in the ACE configurator.Figure 5 • ACE and Fabric APB3 Master SimulationFigure 6 •ACE Configuration for Simultaneous Sampling Design ExampleSmartFusion cSoC: ACE Sequencing Control Using Fabric and MSS6The block diagram of the design example is shown in Figure 7. The design exampleLibero ® System-on-Chip (cSoC) software projects are available for downloading at/download/rsc/?f=A2F_AC366_DFSpecial Consideration During the Simultaneous SamplingThe ADC timeslots have the capability to access and control any of the ADCs. However, these timeslots do not have the capability to block or signal each other. Therefore, essentially they get two clock cycles each to execute the available microcode instruction, and then the SSE moves to the next timeslot. Due to this architectural advantage, you should take care of the following situation where the results might be wrong.Assume that both the timeslot 0 and timeslot 1 are sampling the ADC0 channels. This means that the timeslot 0 executes its sample instructions and asserts the ADCSTART for the ADC0 on channel X. The ADC0 begins that process. Now the timeslot 1 is activated (after two clocks) and it also has an instruction that uses ADC0. There is no mechanism in the SSE to explicitly query whether the ADC is busy or not.Therefore, when that timeslot sees the sample microcode, it asserts another ADCSTART for the ADC0on channel Y . Consequently, now you have the timeslot 0 waiting for a data valid from the ADC0 for channel X, and the timeslot 1 is waiting for a data valid from ADC0 for channel Y . When the ADC0 finally finishes and returns the data valid, both timeslots move onto their next respective microcode instructions.However, only one of them have the sample proper data. Only one piece of data is sent to the PPE, since it is the ADC data valid that is used to write into the ADCFIFO and only one ADC data valid signal allocated per ADC.Figure 7 •Top Level Block Diagram of Simultaneous Sampling Design ExampleConclusionA technique is shown to solve this simultaneous sampling in "Design Example 2: Simultaneous SamplingUsing the MSS" on page 5. Please refer to the technique below that solves the problem of simultaneoussampling on the same ADC.Note:The two ADCs’ procedure uses the simultaneous sample.1.After power-on reset,–The MSS initializes the various peripherals.–The MSS loads the simultaneous sampling procedures into SSE to sample two channels per ADC (total four samples expected).–In the FPGA, FABACETRIG is set to 1.–The MSS sends an enable signal through a GPIO to FPGA (to convey that it can start the sampling sequence).2.On seeing the GPIO set, FPGA starts 10 KHz counter.3.On rising of 10 KHz, it brings FABACETRIG low after 1 s.4.The ACE starts simultaneous sampling and interrupts M3 when samples are available. Theprocedure disables the timeslot (PCx_EN = 0).5.The M3 gets the data from the ACE into variables and loads both the sequential samplingprocedures (seq_adc00 and seq_adc01). Sequential sampling starts.6.On completion, the M3 gets two interrupts for both the ADCs. The procedure disables both thetimeslots (PCx_EN = 0). On serving both the interrupts (reading sample values), M3 does a writeto fabric to signal end of sequence.7.On detecting the write from M3, FPGA brings FABACETRIG high.8.The M3 loads simultaneous sampling procedure (two ADCs).9.Sequence repeats from step 3.ConclusionThis application note provides the design examples of using the fabric logic or MSS to control the SSEsampling. This can be used to allow the deterministic synchronization.7SmartFusion cSoC: ACE Sequencing Control Using Fabric and MSS8Appendix A: ACE Configuration and ConnectivityStep1. MSS ACE Configuration for Design Example 11.Inside the ACE Configurator, click the Advanced Options dialog box. Select the ExposeFABACETRIG port checkbox. This exposes the FABACETRIG port on the ACE block enabling the fabric logic to halt the ACE sequencing.2.Create the ACE design as normal. Configure the ACE services and threshold flags.Figure 8 •Expose FABACETRIG Port CheckboxAppendix A: ACE Configuration and Connectivity 93.Sequence your analog services in the ACE configurator Controller tab.You can initiate a signal to the fabric when the end of this sequence is reached. You can accomplish this by reconfiguring the ADCDirectInput_2 service to assert a signal on completing its post processing. Use this particular service, as it is the last one in this sequence.4.Configure the ADCDirectInput_2 service and select the Assert flag when post processingcompleted checkbox.Figure 9 • ACE Configurator ControllerFigure 10 •Configure the ADCDirectInput_2 ServiceSmartFusion cSoC: ACE Sequencing Control Using Fabric and MSS10Selecting this checkbox creates a flag signal named <Signal name>:PPE_DONE automatically.5.Go into the Flags tab and assign it to the bit position of your choice. In the example, you haveassigned the new PPE_DONE indication to bit 15.Figure 11 •Assigning ADCDirectInput_2_PPE_DONE to Bit 15Appendix A: ACE Configuration and Connectivity 116.Click FPGA_FLAGS in the left-hand treeview and select the Expose these signals asACEFLAGs checkbox.7.Click OK , the ACE instance in the MSS configurator window is displayed, as shown in Figure 13.Figure 12 • Exposing ACEFLAGsFigure 13 •ACE Instance in the MSS ConfiguratorSmartFusion cSoC: ACE Sequencing Control Using Fabric and MSS12Appendix B: Special ACE Register for Design ExampleNote:Table 1 shows the register description for the Program Counter 0. The registers are duplicated forProgram Counter 1 and Program Counter 2.Table 1 • Special ACE Register for Design Example ADDRRegister Name Description 0x4002122c PPE_FLAGS0_IRQ_CLR These write-only bits are used to clear corresponding bits in thePPE_FLAGS0_IRQ register. Writing a 1 to any of the bits clears thecorresponding bits in the PPE_FLAGS0_IRQ register, while writing a 0to any of the bits does not have an effect. In the event that writing a 1to these clear bits coincides with a set event in the PPE_FLAGS0_IRQregister, the set event shall have higher priority.0x40020040PC0_LO Program Counter 0 points to address the next sample sequenceinstruction for ADC0. A write to this register causes the timeslot 0 tounconditionally jump to the SSE RAM address PC[7:0], which includesRAM addresses from 0 to 255 inclusive.0x40020044PC0_HI Program Counter 0 points to address the next sample sequenceinstruction for ADC0. A write to this register causes timeslot 0 tounconditionally jump to the SSE RAM address 256+PC[7:0], whichincludes RAM addresses from 256 to 511 inclusive.0x40020048PC0_CTRLOnly bit 0 is used. When set to 1, Program Counter 0 is enabled andwhen set to 0, Program Counter 0 is disabled (stop).Appendix C: Configuration for Simultaneous Sample Procedure 13Appendix C: Configuration for Simultaneous Sample Procedure1.In the Configurator ACE window, click the Controller tab.2.From the Insert Operating Sequence Slot drop-down list, select SIMULTANEOUS SAMPLE.The Configure ’SIMULTANEOUS SAMPLE’ window is displayed.3.Select the services you want to sample simultaneously and click OK .Figure 14 • Adding Simultaneous Sample ProcedureFigure 15 •Selecting Services for Simultaneous SampleSmartFusion cSoC: ACE Sequencing Control Using Fabric and MSS14Appendix D: ACE Configuration and Procedure for Design Example 2The ACE controller procedures are:ADC0_MAIN :•Stop the sequence in this time slot ADC1_MAIN :•Stop the sequence in this time slot ADC2_MAIN :•Stop the sequence in this time slot seq_adc00:•Sample VoltageMonitor_2•Sample VoltageMonitor_3•Assert Interrupt on GP1•Stop the sequence in this time slot seq_adc10:•Sample VoltageMonitor_6•Sample VoltageMonitor_7•Assert Interrupt on GP0•Stop the sequence in this time slot two ADCs:•Simultaneously Sample VoltageMonitor_0 VoltageMonitor_4•Assert Interrupt on GP0•Simultaneously Sample VoltageMonitor_1 VoltageMonitor_5•Stop the sequence in this time slot Appendix E: Design FilesYou can download the design files from the Microsemi SoC Products Group website:/download/rsc/?f=A2F_AC366_DF .List of Changes 15List of ChangesThe following table lists critical changes that were made in each revision of the document.Revision*Changes Page Revision 1(January 2012)Updated Figure 4 (SAR 35795).4Modified the section "Design Example" (SAR 35795).3Updated Figure 7 (SAR 35795).6Modified the section "Appendix E: Design Files" (SAR 35795).14Revision 2(May 2019)Modified the sections:Design Example 1: ACE Sequencer Using Fabric LogicDesign Example 2: Simultaneous Sampling Using the MSS (SAR 51242).5 and 6Note:*The revision number is located in the part number after the hyphen. The part number is displayed at the bottomof the last page of the document. The digits following the slash indicate the month and year of publication.Microsemi HeadquartersOne Enterprise, Aliso Viejo,CA 92656 USAWithin the USA: +1 (800) 713-4113 Outside the USA: +1 (949) 380-6100 Sales: +1 (949) 380-6136Fax: +1 (949) 215-4996Email: *************************** ©2019 Microsemi, a wholly owned subsidiary of Microchip Technology Inc. All rights reserved. Microsemi and the Microsemi logo are registered trademarks of Microsemi Corporation. All other trademarks and service marks are the property of their respective owners. Microsemi makes no warranty, representation, or guarantee regarding the information contained herein or the suitability of its products and services for any particular purpose, nor does Microsemi assume any liability whatsoever arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit. The products sold hereunder and any other products sold by Microsemi have been subject to limited testing and should not be used in conjunction with mission-critical equipment or applications. Any performance specifications are believed to be reliable but are not verified, and Buyer must conduct and complete all performance and other testing of the products, alone and together with, or installed in, any end-products. Buyer shall not rely on any data and performance specifications or parameters provided by Microsemi. It is the Buyer’s responsibility to independently determine suitability of any products and to test and verify the same. The information provided by Microsemi hereunder is provided “as is, where is” and with all faults, and the entire risk associated with such information is entirely with the Buyer. Microsemi does not grant, explicitly or implicitly, to any party any patent rights, licenses, or any other IP rights, whether with regard to such information itself or anything described by such information. Information provided in this document is proprietary to Microsemi, and Microsemi reserves the right to make any changes to the information in this document or to any products and services at any time without notice.About MicrosemiMicrosemi, a wholly owned subsidiary of Microchip T echnology Inc. (Nasdaq: MCHP), offers a comprehensive portfolio of semiconductor and system solutions for aerospace & defense, communications, data center and industrial markets. Products include high-performance and radiation-hardened analog mixed-signal integrated circuits, FPGAs, SoCs and ASICs; power management products; timing and synchronization devices and precise time solutions, setting the world's standard for time; voice processing devices; RF solutions; discrete components; enterprise storage and communication solutions, security technologies and scalable anti-tamper products; Ethernet solutions; Power-over-Ethernet ICs andmidspans; as well as custom design capabilities and services. Learn more at .51900234-2/05.19。

英语单词常见后缀

英语中常见的前缀一.反义前缀1)表示否定意义的前缀a- = not, without表示"无"、"不"a-+ symmetry (对称)→asymmetry不对称a- + typical (典型的)→atypical非典型的dis- = not, deprive of表示"不"、"剥夺"、"取消"dis- + agree(一致，同意)→disagree不一致，意见不合dis- + arm(武装)→disarm解除武装dis-+approve (同意，批准)→disapprove不赞成，不准il-, im-, in-, ir-= not表示"非"、"不"il- + literate(有读写能力的)→illiterate文盲的im- + possible(可能的)→impossible不可能的in- + valuable(有价值的)→invaluable无价的，非常珍贵的ir- + responsible(对……负责任的)→irresponsible不负责任的ir- + religious(宗教的，虔诚的)→irreligious无信仰的，不虔诚的ir- + regular(规则的)→irregular不规则的2)表示相反、对立意义的前缀anti-, counter-, with- = against, opposite to, back表示"反"、"对"、"往回" anti- +warlike(好战的)→antiwarlike非好战的counter-+ measure(措施)→countermeasure对策counter- + attack(攻击)→counterattack反击with- + draw(移动)→withdraw离开，撤退，取消3)表示错误意义的前缀mal- =badly表示"坏的"、"不良的"mal-+ function(功能，作用)→malfunction机能失常，发生故障mal- +treat(对待)→maltreat虐待mal-+ nutrition(营养)→malnutrition营养不良mis- = wrongly, badly表示"误"mis- + advise(劝告)→misadvise给予错误的劝告mis- + place(安放)→misplace误置，误放mis-+ understand(理解)→misunderstand误解二.表示位置方向的前缀1)a- = on, toward表示"在……之上"、"向着"a- + shore(岸)→ashore在岸上a- + side(旁边)→aside在旁边2)circum- = around表示"周围"、"环绕"circum- + lunar(月球的)→circumlunar绕月旋转的circum- +polar(极地的)→circumpolar极地附近的3)de- = down表示"向下"de- + scend(上涌)→descend下降de- + grade(级别)→degrade降级4)ex- = out表示"向外"ex- + press(压)→express表达ex- +port(港口)→export向外运送，出口5)fore- = before表示"先"、"前"fore- + arm(手臂)→forearm前臂fore- + ground(背景)→foreground前景6)inter- = between, among表示"之间"inter- + national(国家的)→international国际间的inter-+ action(行动)→interaction互动inter- + net(网)→internet互联网7)mid- = middle表示"中间的"mid- + night(夜)→midnight半夜mid- + summer(夏天)→midsummer仲夏mid-+ term(学期)→midterm期中8)post- = after表示"在……之后"post- + war(战争)→postwar战后的post- + script(手稿)→postscript附笔9)sub- = under表示"下"、"副"sub- + marine(海洋的)→submarine海底的，潜水艇sub- + way(道路)→subway地铁sub- + title(标题)→subtitle副标题三.表示数量的前缀mono-, uni- = single表示"单一"mono- + tone(音调)→monotone单调uni- +lateral(侧面的，旁边的)→unilateral单边的bi- = double, two表示"两"、"双"bi- + lingual(舌音的)→bilingual双语的bi- + monthly(每月一次的)→bimonthly双月的amphi- = two ways/two sides表示"二，两侧，两端" amphibia 两栖类，amphichroic 两性反应的tri- = three表示"三"tri- + angle(角，角度)→triangle三角形quadra-,quadri- = four表示"四"quadra-,quadri-quadrant 四分体，象限quadriceps 四头肌quadruple 四倍penta-,pento- = five表示"五"pentagon 五角形pentacyclic 五环的hex-,hexa- = six表示"六"hexagonal 六角形hept-,hepta- = seven表示"七"heptagon 七边形octa-,octo- = eight表示"八"octagon 八角形octopus 八爪鱼deci- = tenth表示"十分之一"deci- + mal(形容词词尾)→decimal十进制的deci- + meter(米)→decimeter分米hecto-, centi- = hundred, hundredth表示"百"、"百分之一"hecto- + metre(米)→hectometre <英>(长度单位)百米centi- + meter(米)→centimeter厘米kilo- = thousand表示"千"kilo- + gram(克)→kilogram千克kilo-+ watt(瓦)→kilowatt千瓦milli- = thousandth表示"千分之一"milli-+ gram(克)→milligram毫克milli- + meter(米)→millimeter毫米hemi-, semi- = half表示"半"hemi- + sphere(球体)→hemisphere半球semi- + circle(圆圈)→semicircle半圆形semi- + conductor(导体)→semiconductor半导体micro- = small表示"微小的"micro- + wave(波)→microwave微波micro-+ economics(经济学)→microeconomics微观经济学micro- + analysis(分析)→microanalysis微量分析macro- = large表示"大的"macro-+effect(效应)→macroeffect宏观效应macro- + economics(经济学)→macroeconomics宏观经济学macro-+ molecule(分子)→macromolecule高分子multi- = many, much表示"多的"multi- + color(颜色)→multicolor多种颜色的multi-+ channel(渠道)→multichannel多通话线路的multi- + purpose(目的)→multipurpose多目标的，用途广的英语中常见的后缀一、名词性后缀1，-age为抽象名词后缀，表示行为，状态和全体总称percentage百分数，百分率，voltage电压，伏特数，lavage灌洗，洗，出法，gavage管词法，curettage刮除法，shortage不足，缺少。

功能基因组学研究

功能基因组学研究是一个高度复杂和综合的领域，其研究内容以基因级别为主，探索基因在特定组织和环境中的作用和表达方式，旨在深入理解基因和基因组的生物学过程和动态调节机制。

随着现代生物学技术的日益成熟和应用广泛，受到了广泛关注，成为许多生物和医学科学领域的重要基础。

一、发展历程功能基因组学理论始于20世纪70年代末期，随着高通量DNA序列技术和蛋白质组学技术的不断发展和日益成熟，其范畴和研究手段不断扩展，逐渐形成了一个完整的学科体系。

1998年，美国国立癌症研究所成立了反转录转录组计划（National Cancer Institute's Cancer Genome Anatomy Project，CGAP），为功能基因组学的发展奠定了坚实的基础。

2001年，国际人类基因组计划的完成为功能基因组学的研究提供了全面而系统的基础数据。

在此基础上，逐渐成为生物学和医学的前沿领域，成为重要的基础研究和应用研究领域。

二、主要研究内容的主要内容有：基因表达谱的分析和挖掘、基因功能和调控网络的建立和研究、基因演化和多样性的研究、基因组和表观遗传学的关系研究和基因标记和遗传多态性的分析等。

这些内容都是建立在基因水平上的，旨在深入揭示基因在生物和医学领域中的作用和机制，为人类健康和健康问题的解决提供重要理论支撑。

三、应用价值具有广泛的应用价值。

在生物领域中，研究基因的表达、调控和功能机制，有助于揭示生物的生长发育、代谢调节和遗传进化等生物学机制，为生态和环境保护提供科学依据和技术支撑。

在医学领域中，分析基因的表达和调控，有助于揭示人类疾病的发病机制和诊断治疗方案，为医学研究和临床治疗提供科学依据和技术手段。

此外，还可以为农业、食品、环境等领域的发展提供技术支撑和科学依据。

四、前景展望随着高通量技术的不断发展和研究的不断深入，将会更加深入和细致。

从基于基因水平的研究到基于细胞、组织和器官水平的研究，从基于单一基因的研究到基于多个基因相互作用的研究，将更加全面和系统地揭示基因及其调控机制的生物学过程和功能特性。

单细胞测序转录因子

单细胞测序转录因子转录因子作为基因表达调控的关键蛋白,与诸多生命过程息息相关。

它们能够结合特异DNA序列,激活或抑制下游靶基因的转录,参与调节细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等重要生物学事件。

一些转录因子的异常表达或功能紊乱,常常与肿瘤、免疫性疾病、发育缺陷等多种疾病相关联。

单细胞测序技术的兴起,使得科研工作者们能够对异质性细胞群体中的每一个个体进行高分辨率的转录组学分析。

这项革命性的方法打破了传统上对细胞群体进行平均化测量的局限性,揭示了细胞内部存在的显著差异。

通过比较同种类细胞之间转录因子表达谱的差异,可以追溯这些差异的根源,探明细胞命运多样性的分子基础。

值得一提的是,单细胞测序技术的应用范围远不止于此。

将其与其他单细胞组学技术相结合,如单细胞ATAC-seq(AssayforTransposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing)、单细胞蛋白质组学等,可以SystemicAndIntegrated 地刻画转录因子调控网络的全貌。

研究人员能够同时检测单个细胞中转录因子的活性、靶向位点以及下游基因的表达改变,从而揭示出转录因子调控的上下游分子机制。

当前,单细胞转录组测序已在肿瘤、神经科学、免疫学、发育生物学等诸多领域取得了卓越的研究进展。

在肿瘤领域,通过分析肿瘤细胞与周围微环境细胞的转录因子表达谱,有助于阐明肿瘤的发生发展过程以及预后标志物,为精准靶向治疗提供新的思路。

在神经科学研究中,单细胞测序技术使人们能够更深入地理解复杂的神经网络系统,解析大脑中不同类型神经元在发育和功能上的分子调控机制。

然而,单细胞测序技术在应用过程中仍面临着一些挑战和局限性。

例如,对极少量的RNA进行测序时,可能会引入较高的背景噪音,影响检测结果的准确性。

此外,单细胞分选、逆转录和测序过程均可能产生批次效应,干扰不同细胞样本间的比较分析。

同时,由于单个细胞中RNA分子数量有限,往往缺乏对低丰度转录本的检测。

Macroeconomic Data and Variables(英文版)(doc 6页)

MacroeconomicsChapter 2:Macroeconomic Data and VariablesGross Domestic Product (GDP)➢Defintion: GDP is the total market value of all final goods and services produced by a country.➢Final versus Intermediate: By "final", we mean the goods and service that are purchased for final use by purchaser and not for resale or further processing. The meaning intermediate is opposite to final.➢Value Added: GDP not only reflects the market value of final goods and service, but also reflect the income generated from producing these final goods and service.This income feature of GDP can be revealed by the process of value addedExpenditure Approach to Calculate GDPOne way to calculate the GDP is to look at how the final goods and services are used. This approach is called expenditure approach. The following is the composition of GDP in terms of the expenditure (or demand)➢Private Consumption➢Gross Private InvestmentNet investment = Gross Investment - Depreciation ➢Government Expenditure➢Net Export (Export - Import)➢Change in InventoriesRemark: The consumption, investment and government expenditure defined above includes the purchases on the imported goods. This is the reason why import must be deducted from the export.Income Approach to Calculate GDPAnother way is to look at the composition of value added (or income). The following is the composition of GDP in terms of income➢Wage➢Rents➢Interest Rate➢Proprietor's income➢Corporate Profit➢tax➢dividends➢retained profit➢Some Statistic Adjustment➢Indirect Tax (Sales tax)➢Depreciation➢Net foreign factor income earned in U. S.Remark: Similarly, the wage, profit, etc. include the income of domestic people or company earned in other country. This is the reason why we use net foreign income.Other Related Variables in National Income Account➢Net Domestic ProductNet Domestic Product = GDP – Depreciation➢National IncomeNational Income = Net Domestic Product -Net Foreign Factor Income - Indirect Tax➢Personal IncomePersonal Income = National Income -Social Security Contribution -Corporate Income Tax -Retained Profit - Transfer Payment➢Disposable IncomeDisposable Income = Personal Income - Personal TaxNominal GDP, Real GDP and Inflation Index➢Nominal GDP is the value of final goods and services calculated at current market price.➢The real GDP is the value of final goods and services calculated at fixed price.➢GDP deflator (GDP price index): an index that reflects the general price level. The relationship among real and nominal GDP and GDP deflator can be expressed asReal GDP = (Nominal GDP/GDP deflator) 100➢Consumer Price Index: another index that reflects the general price level. Its calculation is based on selected consumer goods.Employment and Unemployment Rate➢ Employment rate and unemployment rate are the indices that measure joplessness of an economy. In particular,ForceLabor Employed of Number Rate Employment = ForceLabor d Unemploye of Number Rate t Unmploymen =➢ The Natural Rate of Unemployment is the unemployment rate at equilibrium or at the steady state.➢ A Simple Model of Natural Rate of Unemployment (presented in class):。

50本经济学ebook下载,包括部分教材

50本经济学ebook下载,包括部分教材50本经济学ebook下载，包括部分教材目录如下：期权、期货和衍生政权Options, futures and other derivatives, 6thmarketing management（10th）Investments--Bodie, Kane, Marcus 5ed国家竞争优势-中文版Principles Of marketingFundamentals of Financial Management, 10eInvestment Analysis And Portfolio Management(Reilly.Brown)7eJohn.Wiley.&.Sons.-.Analysis of equity investments.V aluationSolutions-Casella-BergerA_Handbook_of_Statistical_Analyses_Using_Stata(4th_Editio n)Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using SAS, Second Edition Advanced Macroeconomics 3rd ed. 4 Jul 2006宏观经济、微观经济《微观经济学》讲稿2005版Advanced Macroeconomics( by David Romer)Macroeconomics-5thEditionmicroeconomics--16edition--萨缪尔森布兰查德、费希尔《宏观经济学(高级教程)》多恩布什《宏观经济学》中译本多恩布什----宏观经济学（第八版英文版）高级国际金融学教程（国际宏观经济学基础）高级微观经济学－范里安(英文版)宏观经济学(曼昆第四版)讲义宏观经济学英文版讲义____曼昆宏观经济学中文版____曼昆微观经济学微观经济学（第四版，Robert S）微观经济学：现代观点·[美]H.范里安著Paul Wilmott Introduces Quantitative FinanceBusiness Analysis and V aluation Test and CasesFundamentals of Financial Management, 10eInvestment Analysis And Portfolio Management(Reilly.Brown)7eJohn.Wiley.&.Sons.-.Analysis of equity investments.V aluationInvestment Analysis and Portfolio Managementmyers fundamental of corporate finance, 3rd RossCorporate Finance (Stephen A. Ross 6th E 2002.02)Krugman_Obstfeld_-_International_Economics, 6thInternational Economics PPT2007 Handbook of International Auditing, Assurance, and Ethics Pronouncements Documenting Oracle Databases - Complete Oracle database schema auditing Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives下载地址：myers fundamental of corporate finance, 3rd RossISBN: 0-07-553109-7/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=V9OI8M9Q Corporate Finance (Stephen A. Ross 6th E 2002.02)ISBN: 0-390-32000-5/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=NRE6MRC2 Krugman_Obstfeld_-_International_Economics, 6thISBN: 0-321-11639-9/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=PN9KZX2Q International Economics PPT/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=7L42XSW5 2007 Handbook of International Auditing, Assurance, and Ethics Pronouncements ISBN: 1-931949-66-2/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=P83TSP1N Documenting Oracle Databases - Complete Oracle database schema auditing ISBN: 0-9740716-6-8/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=O4BM77G OOptions, Futures, and Other Derivatives cn期权、期货和衍生政权ISBN: 7-5080-1192-9/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=H15MFW7 QOptions, futures and other derivatives, 6thISBN: 0-13-149908-4/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=KOR0H6NS /doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=HBCKC1XC *************************************************marketing management（10th）ISBN: 0-536-63099-2/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=O5EIBZJZ Investments--Bodie, Kane, Marcus 5edISBN: 0-390-32002-1/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=KNVDTI47 国家竞争优势-中文版ISBN: 7-5080-2395-1/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=ZJK6XYP6Paul Wilmott Introduces Quantitative Finance/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=WA9GRYOVBusiness Analysis and V aluation Test and Cases/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=OJJ1DW3F Fundamentals of Financial Management, 10e/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=7DSEO94C Investment Analysis And Portfolio Management(Reilly.Brown)7e/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=RBZHD3QP John.Wiley.&.Sons.-.Analysis of equity investments.V aluation ISBN: 0-935015-76-0/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=5V57J66G Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=E21112OF Principles Of MarketingISBN: 0-13-262254-8/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=RT8KEOB8 Fundamentals of Financial Management, 10e/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=7DSEO94C Investment Analysis And Portfolio Management(Reilly.Brown)7e/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=RBZHD3QP John.Wiley.&.Sons.-.Analysis of equity investments.V aluation ISBN: 0-935015-76-0/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=5V57J66G Solutions-Casella-Berger/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=SNB7P4DK A_Handbook_of_Statistical_Analyses_Using_Stata(4th_Editio n) /doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=8WOKCJ8MHandbook of Statistical Analyses Using SAS, Second Edition /doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=IBTJ50AW *************************************************宏观经济、微观经济《微观经济学》讲稿2005版/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=XNKA4677 Advanced Macroeconomics( by David Romer)ISBN: 0-07-053667-8/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=OZSY6053 Macroeconomics-5thEditionISBN: 没写/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=J1K2K6K3 microeconomics--16edition--萨缪尔森ISBN: 7-5-80-1578-9/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=GRHKWLQ Q布兰查德、费希尔《宏观经济学(高级教程)》ISBN: 没写/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=I09KDY0O 多恩布什《宏观经济学》中译本ISBN: 没写/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=3I80KQYQ 多恩布什----宏观经济学（第八版英文版）ISBN: 没写/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=78M2U5YX 高级国际金融学教程（国际宏观经济学基础）ISBN: 7－5049－2770－8/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=OBDYE2FH 高级微观经济学－范里安(英文版)ISBN: 0－393－95735－7/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=3E3JLUUJ 宏观经济学(曼昆第四版)讲义/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=116Q8VW D宏观经济学英文版讲义____曼昆/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=SSTZL8Y8 宏观经济学中文版____曼昆ISBN: 没写/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=4ZYX5O3W 微观经济学ISBN:/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=KDIQLJ76 微观经济学高级教程第三版·[美]哈尔·瓦里安著ISBN: 7－5058－1226－2/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=3XNA6NU O微观经济学（第四版，Robert S）ISBN: 7－300－03496－9/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=IG38D2SC 微观经济学：现代观点·[美]H.范里安著ISBN: 7－208－01885－5/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=KT9FK03P Advanced Macroeconomics 3rd ed. 4 Jul 2006 ISBN: 0-07-287730-8/doc/cc2449147.html,/?d=0ZGYUJOK。

厦门大学王亚南经济研究院研究生培养简介

4）师生互动形式多样为了开阔学生眼界、促进与来访嘉宾的交流，WISE 还定期（每两周）为学生准备了“下午茶”活动（Teatime），邀请海内外学者、名师与同学们通过“喝咖啡、谈学术”的面对面交流，让同学们可以更好地了解前辈治学经验与经历，熟悉自己的研究领域，把握国际学术前沿的发展态势。此外，WISE 教师组织“午餐研讨班（” Lunch Seminar）和学习小组（Study Group），为学生们营造良好的学术环境。学生在这些活动中积极参与，思维活跃，学术氛围浓郁。 5）培养环节层层把关 WISE 对于硕士生培养采用国际通行惯例，即第一年由八门专业学位课程组成，与博士生一起参加所有课程培养，从根本上保障培养质量；第二年以导师和个人兴趣选修相关专业课程，进一步为科研和学位论文写作打下坚实基础。第二年春季学期进入论文开题报告答辩环节，通过开题报告者，方可正式进入盲审、答辩阶段。 6）海外交流机会频繁得益于丰富的学术资源与海外联系，WISE 与新加坡管理大学、德国洪堡大学、西班牙卡洛斯大学、比利时安特卫普大学、意大利博科尼大学、欧盟 Erasmus 联合硕士项目等已达成联合培养协议，部分被选送赴国外学习的优秀学生，将有机会获得厦门大学与国外高校的硕士双学位。在博士培养方面，由 WISE 与德国洪堡大学联合举办的国际研究与训练团队（IRTG）博士生项目得到了德意志研究基金会最高规格国际合作资助和中国教育部的批准和资助，为在 WISE 攻博的学生提供联合培养乃至获得国内外两个博士学位的机会。目前，WISE 还正在与澳洲国立大学、新西兰维多利亚大学等院校探讨合作可能性，致力于培养适合经济全球化的优秀人才。
吉林大学经济学博士（2009），副教授
美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校经济与国际事务博士（2009），助理教授美国肯特州立大学金融学博士（1992）、香港商品交易所产品研发总监

全覆盖蛋白注释

全覆盖蛋白注释
全覆盖蛋白注释（Whole proteome annotation）是一种全面的蛋白质注
释方法，旨在为蛋白质组中的每个蛋白质提供详细的注释信息。

这种注释通常包括蛋白质的名称、基因名称、序列信息、结构域、功能和亚细胞定位等。

全覆盖蛋白注释的方法包括：
1. 序列比对：将蛋白质序列与已知蛋白质数据库进行比对，以确定其相似性和同源性。

2. 结构预测：使用计算机模拟或实验方法预测蛋白质的三维结构。

3. 功能预测：通过分析蛋白质的序列、结构和相互作用，预测其可能的功能。

4. 亚细胞定位预测：通过分析蛋白质的序列和结构，预测其在细胞内的位置。

全覆盖蛋白注释对于深入了解蛋白质的功能和作用机制具有重要意义，有助于发现新的药物靶点和治疗策略。

申请留学专用CV模板

Tracy PangAddress:Shandong University Central Campus(+86)152-5316-6077tracy_pangxiaojuan@ Educational Background2014.09-2017.07Shandong University Master in Finance Jinan,CHINA Major courses:Advanced Macroeconomics,Advanced Microeconomics,Advanced Calculus,Accounting,and Capital Market2010.09-2014.07Shandong University Bachelor in English Jinan,CHINA Major courses:Advanced English,English Speaking,English Writing,and InterpretationInternship Experiences2014.12-2015.03Mass Mutual Asia Co.,Ltd.Financial Management Intern Hong Kong ●Received extensive training on capital markets,asset management,corporate finance and riskmanagement●Conducted in-depth research on the comparison of retirement annuity products of Mass Mutual and thoseof world’s top ten insurance companies.Collected thousands of data including premiums,annuity payment formula and so on and completed a17-page report in English.●Conducted a questionnaire survey with30clients and ranked top20%in performance●Mastered personal financial plan models and developed financing solutions for2key clients2014.04-2014.06Louis Vuitton Company Sales Assistant Jinan ●Received orientation training,including remembering content,texture and characteristics of variousproducts,taking stock of goods and displaying them,learned the way of communication and other kinds of selling skills●Identified clients’needs accurately according to their age,occupation,preference and other info andachieved selling goals the company assigned●Took stock regularly,replaced display arrange and cleaned up the store house;sold bracelets,handbags,scarves and other stores products independently●Offered Sales Assistant position for exceptional performance2014.02-2014.04Hejun Consulting Company Consulting Assistant Beijing ●Received extensive training on industry analysis,corporation finance and the effective use of Excel andPPT●Cooperated with other team members and conducted in-depth research on Suning Commerce Group Co.,Ltd,used SWOT and4P framework to analyze product portfolio and competitive landscape,andcompleted a30-page report on corporate executives●Completed a20-page stock investment analysis report of Suning Commerce Group Co.,Ltd.independently with reference to company annual reports and research reports and made the presentation on behalf of the whole team2014.04-2014.06Louis Vuitton Company Sales Assistant Jinan ●Received orientation training,including remembering content,texture and characteristics of variousproducts,taking stock of goods and displaying them,learned the way of communication and other kinds of selling skills●Identified clients’needs accurately according to their age,occupation,preference and other info andachieved selling goals the company assigned●Took stock regularly,replaced display arrange and cleaned up the store house;sold bracelets,handbags,scarves and other stores products independently●Offered Sales Assistant position for exceptional performanceExtracurricular Activities2014.09-Present Chase Future Company Ambassador Shanghai ●Initiated“Applying for Overseas University Experience Sharing”Events and successfully invitedadmissions officers at selected colleges including Chicago University,MIT,Cambridge and so on●Adopted various promotion methods including cooperating with students organizations,releasing theactivity news through their online platform like Renren and Wechat;Combined with offline ways like hanging posters,distributing other materials,successfully attractted over400students,ranked No.1 among all student events in2014●Was responsible for the budgets of marketing,daily operation and other parts of the activity;controlledproject funds a total of￥140002011.10-2012.10Public Relations Department of SDU Minister Jinan ●Led a group of12people and negotiated with companies to attract sponsorships for welcome party forthe new students,collected￥2000,tents,audio and other electronic equipment●Visited CASIO’s local branch and discussed with the sales manager for a straw purchase of electronicdictionary,and successfully bought a total of￥15000products at preferential tariffs●Collaborated with vice minister to recruit new members and popularize the department by holdingfreshmen meeting and shooting promotion video●Carried out a series of activities including“winning in workplace”competition,was responsible foractivities overall scheme,including their promotion,inviting guests and live host work●Was awarded as Excellent Minister of Public Relations Department in Shandon University2011.09Crazy English Magazine Campus Sales Jinan ●Built and led a sales team,and cooperated with team members to make the sales plan aimed at freshmen ●Succeeded in selling over40magazines by establishing friendly relations quickly with freshmen byhelping them getting useful information about the new environment and providing them with different choices of English magazines according to their different needs,and became the sales champion of the college2011.07Research of Old City Reconstruction Member Weifang ●Conducted the research of some arising problems during the reconstruction of old districts in three cities:Jinan,Weifang and Wugang in China●Communicated with relevant government officials and interviewed them for their work achievementsand advices and completed the final report according to the information collected by questionnaires and interviews●Wrote and published news about the research on micro blog and the website of SDU,participated in thedefense of the project and the research was awarded“Excellent Practice Project”Honors&Awards2014.09Excellent Graduate Scholarship of Shandong University(50%)2013.01The Bronze Medal of ACTS National Comprehensive English Ability Competition(top30%) 2013.04Second Prize Award of The Seventh Shandong Province English Writing Contest(top5%) 2012.10Outstanding Achievement Award for Volunteers(Top10%)2012.09National Scholarship for Encouragement(Top20%)2012.09Excellent Student Scholarship of Shandong University(Top20%)2012.07Excellent Minister of Public Relations Department in Shandon University2011.09Excellent Student Scholarship of Shandong University(Top20%)Other InformationLanguage Skills:Fluent in Mandarin and English:TEM877/100CET-6:652/710;Computer Skills:Advanced user of Microsoft Office(Excel and PowerPoint);Hobbies:Team leader of School Aerobics Group;Translator of many technology magazines。

5端转录组 10x原理

5端转录组 10x原理5端转录组10x原理引言：在生物学研究中，我们常常需要了解基因的表达水平和转录变异等信息。

随着高通量测序技术的不断发展，转录组学成为了研究基因功能和调控的重要手段之一。

其中，5端转录组测序是一种常用的方法，而10x Genomics公司的技术则为5端转录组测序提供了高效、准确和经济的解决方案。

一、5端转录组测序原理5端转录组测序是一种用于检测转录开始位点（Transcription Start Site，TSS）和转录起始位点（Transcription Initiation Site，TIS）的方法。

通过对RNA样本进行反向转录和扩增，可以获取转录起始位点附近的RNA序列信息。

而10x Genomics的技术则在此基础上进行了改进和优化，提供了更高效和精确的测序结果。

二、10x Genomics技术原理10x Genomics的技术基于乳胶微珠（Gel Bead）和微流控芯片（Microfluidic Chip）的原理。

首先，将待测RNA样本与Gel Bead一起混合，每个Gel Bead上都包含一个独特的分子条码（Molecular Barcode）。

然后，通过悬浮液滴芯片（Droplet Chip）将每个Gel Bead封装在一个微小的水滴中，每个水滴中都含有一个Gel Bead和一份RNA样本。

接下来，将这些水滴放入反应管中，进行逆转录和扩增。

在反应过程中，每个RNA分子都会与其所在的Gel Bead上的分子条码连接起来，形成一个独特的分子标签。

最后，通过高通量测序技术，可以同时获取所有水滴中RNA样本的转录组信息。

三、10x Genomics技术的优势1. 高效性：10x Genomics的技术可以同时测序数万个单细胞，大大提高了测序效率。

2. 准确性：由于每个Gel Bead上都有一个独特的分子条码，可以避免测序过程中的重复和混杂，提高了测序结果的准确性。

3. 经济性：与传统的单细胞测序相比，10x Genomics的技术可以大幅降低测序成本，节约实验经费。

厂商理论

2005©
Advanced Microeconomic Theory
凸性
• 它假设生产集Y是凸的。也就是说，如果 y,y‘∈Y且α∈［0,1］，那么αy+(1-a)y’∈Y。含义：企业产品多元化经营 • 凸性假设可以解释为关于生产可能性的两个概念的结合。
2005©
Advanced Microeconomic Theory
2005©
Advanced Microeconomic Theory y2
斜率
− MRT12 ( y ) =
∂F ( y ) / ∂yl ∂F ( y ) / ∂yk

y1
生产集 Y={y:F(y)≤0}
转换边界 {y:F(y)=0}
2005©
Advanced Microeconomic Theory
自由处置的性质 2005©
Advanced Microeconomic Theory
不可逆性
• 假设y∈Y且y≠0。那么不可逆性是说-y 换句话中，将技术可行的生产向量反过来，用某种数量的产出去生产与原来投入数量相同的投入品是不可能的。
∈Y。
2005©
Advanced Microeconomic Theory
∂F ( y ) ∂yl MRTlk ( y ) = ∂F ( y ) ∂yk
2005©
Advanced Microeconomic Theory
3.2.2不同的投入和产出的生产技术 3.2.2不同的投入和产出的生产技术可以作为产出的物品的集合和可以作为投入的物品的集合往往是不同的。在这种情况下，的物品的集合往往是不同的。在这种情况下，用不同的符号标记区别企业的投入和产出比较方便。较方便。

生物信息学(上海海洋大学)智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下上海海洋大学

生物信息学（上海海洋大学）智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下上海海洋大学上海海洋大学第一章测试1.生物信息学涉及到以下哪些学科？答案:生物统计学; 生物学;计算机科学2.生物大分子序列里包含了哪些信息？答案:序列信息;功能信息;进化信息;结构信息3.中心法则论述的是遗传信息的流动法则，是指生物大分子的序列决定结构，结构决定功能。

答案:错4.数据是经过加工的信息，对我们做判断和决策有用。

答案:错5.以下哪些观点不是达尔文的《物种起源》提出来的？答案:上帝创造万物6.人类基因组工作草图是什么时候发表的？答案:20017.学好生物信息学最重要的途径是多练习多实践。

答案:对8.世界上最主要的测序公司之一华大基因，是在哪个国家成立的？答案:中国9.以下哪位科学家提出了分子钟假说？答案:泡林 Pauling10.以下哪些组学研究属于生物信息学研究内容？答案:转录组学;基因组学;表观组学;蛋白质组学第二章测试1.以下哪个数据库不是NCBI的子数据库？答案:genecard2.以下哪些数据库属于一级结构数据库？Genbank ;PDB3.在线生物大分子数据库，不可以通过以下哪种方式进行数据查询？答案:电话查询4.在对基因进行查询的时候，如果我们查询的是“cell division[GO]”，我们是通过一下哪种信息对基因进行查询？答案:基因的功能5.蛋白质的profile描述的是具有多个motif的蛋白质家族中，它们具有哪些Motif，以及这些motif的空间分布答案:错6.蛋白质三级结构的实验测定方法包括( )电子显微镜;核磁共振;X光衍射7.ENSEMBL中的gene tree，收集的是同源基因序列答案:对8.KEGG包括以下几类子数据库（）答案:chemical information;system information;genomic information; health infromation9.PDB是一个基于功能域进行分类的蛋白质序列数据库。

单细胞转录组应用发展历史

单细胞转录组应用发展历史
单细胞转录组应用的发展历史可以追溯到2009年，当时北京大学的汤富酬老师等人通过对少数小鼠原始生殖细胞进行高通量测序，实现了在单个细胞中对mRNA全基因组的检测。

此后，单细胞转录组学技术不断发展创新，出现了标签测序方法（如strt-seq和cel-seq，mars-seq）和全长测序（如Smart-seq/Smart-seq2）等。

直到2015年，10X genomics公司开发了构建基因组大片段Linked Reads文库的技术，用于辅助基因组组装拼接。

2016年，该公司将其技术应用范围拓展到了单细胞测序领域，推出了单细胞转录组测序产品。

该产品通过测定mRNA 3’端或5’端实现定量，具有更高的性价比。

2017年，10X genomics公司推出了单细胞免疫组库（V(D)J-seq）产品，用于检测免疫细胞（如B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞、自然杀伤细胞和树突状细胞等）的数量和功能变化。

单细胞转录组应用的发展得益于测序技术的不断进步和创新，为生物学研究提供了更加深入和细致的分析方法。