Problems and countermeasures on main mineral resource sustainable supply in northeastern China
高校学风建设存在问题及对策
Value Engineering1学风建设的科学涵义学风简单地从字面上理解就是指一个群体成员学习的风气。
就高校来讲，就是指学校里的人（包括学生、教师、管理者）学习的风气，具体是指高校全体成员在长期的办学实践过程中形成的一种较为稳定的学习习惯和行为倾向，是全体师生群体心理和行为在求学治学上的具体体现。
《现代汉语词典》的一般解释是：学风即“学校的、学术界的或一般学习方面的风气”。
经过多年来的总结，学风被概括为两方面的意思，一方面是外显的“风气”，再一方面是内蕴的“思想方法”。
学风作为外显的“风气”，其表现可包括：学习的自觉性、主动性和学习态度等精神方面的表现。
学风作为内蕴的“思想方法”，主要指的是理论与实践的统一，掌握科学的理论思想和方法，这是学风最本质最核心的内涵。
从系统论的角度来讲，学风建设内容包括学校领导作风、教师教风、行政人员政风和学生学风四个方面内容，这四个方面相互影响，相互渗透，形成一个有机整体。
领导的思想和教育方针直接影响着学校的教风和政风，教师和行政机关是政策的执行者，他们能够直接接触学生，给学生学习和思想上的指导，帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯和思想道德素养，从而形成良好的学风。
同时，学生学风存在独立性，在一定程度上也反作用于教风和政风，从而弥补一些工作上的不足。
他们之间相互影响，相辅相成，最终才能形成优良的学风。
2我国高校学风建设存在的问题随着时代的飞速发展，科技的不断进步，我国的高等教育越来越普及化，大多数学生的思想政治素质和科技文化水平都有了很大提高。
但是随着社会的急剧转型、高校教育体制改革的相对落后以及大学生自身价值观的转变，我国的高等教育出现了一些新问题，其中最为关键的就是高校的学风建设。
具体表现为以下几个方面：2.1高校教学体制改革的落后虽然我国高等教育已有精英教育阶段转入大众化教育阶段，但是许多高校的教学管理制度、教育模式、教材体系、管理观念还停留在精英教育阶段，已经不再适应当前教育发展的需要，需要不断更新。
青少年心理健康问题与对策分析
The study of adolescent psychological health problems and countermeasuresGuochao Ma(Nanyang Normal University，Nanyang，473061)Abstract: Adolescence is the critical period of human in body and mind development, which is called "crisis period" by psychologists. At this stage, teenager’s psychology can be easily distorted. improper correction of this distortion often produces serious psychological disorder. This article mainly analyzes the teenager’s common psychological problems, and put forward the coping strategies accordingly. Designed to help young students to set up the will of healthy improving, this article also discussed the law and the way of maintenance to teenager’s physical and psychological healthy problem, in order to create a harmonious psychological environment.Keywords: adolescent; psychological healthy problem; countermeasuresThe development of adolescent psychological is rapid. Adolescence is a critical period of psychological quality development, which is also the most vulnerable time of people, the development of this stage will affect the person's lifetime. Experts predict, psychological health problems will be a big trouble for mankind in the 21st century. Due to some problem can not be remedied, prevention is better than cure. So mental health education is abnormality important, which can help students to form a stable and healthy emotion, strong will and sound personality, only in this way, adolescent can become healthy and successful. This requires families, schools and society participate in the great cause of education together actively.The mark of adolescent mental healthThe mark of adolescent mental health is characterized by six aspects: physical health, normal cognition, emotional maturity, healthy personalities, harmonious relationship and stable behavior. Health is the necessary foundation of mental health but not necessary guarantee. In addition to physical condition, mental health also includes cognition, emotion, personality, interpersonal relationships and behavior factors.Physical health is a necessary condition for the mental health of teenagers. The influence mechanism is that physiological and psychological factors can be restricted by each other. For one, any physical changes will affect psychological mood changes. On the contrary, any mental change of mood, a person may also affect its physical change. This emphasized the importance of the normal state of mind to keep healthy. Normal cognition is the precondition of social development. Children’s social development degree can be expressed by recognizing development level. Many mental health problems, such as mood disorder and schizophrenia, have its roots of cognition. So, normal cognitive development is the key of adolescent mental health. Emotional maturity is the most important task of youth’s development, which includes two contents. One is the emotional autonomy, that is to say, one have the ability to control its emotion rely on himself rather than parents, as his parents often provide comfortable, secure and emotional security. The other is behavior autonomy, that is, a person has the ability to take care of himself, make decisions and manage affairs by himself. and the two autonomous is interrelated and complementary to each other.Sound personality is an important goal of youth socialization, mature and sound personality has the following criteria: none self-centered ego, get along with self and others, Emotional security or self-acceptance, realistic consciousness, knowledge and humor; united philosophy of life. Harmonious relationship is a sufficient condition of teenagers’ mental health. For teenagers, harmonious relationship is mainly refers to the harmony between the family members, that is the harmonious relationship between the parents, harmonious relationship between children and parents. Trust is the lubricant of interpersonal harmony, social environment of openness,transparency and trust is the objective foundation of teenagers’ harmonious relationship. Stable behavior is an important symbol of adolescent mental health. It is a comprehensive results of healthy, normal cognition, mature emotion, sound personality and harmonious relationship. Stable behavior is characterized by the consistency between behavior and attitude, and the consistency of behaviors, if teenagers have duplicity, constantly changing behavior, we can conclude that whether the objective environment of adolescent growth unhealthy or adolescents have a mental health problem in itself.The adolescent mental health problemsEgo psychologyAs the psychological maturity, the teenagers’inner world becomes more and more complex. Teenagers care most about the understanding of "self", namely, how to recognize their behavior, personality and psychological performance, and groped in "their psychological portrait" almost every moment of the day, In other words, to find out his own character, the impression of yourself in others' eyes, their interests and aspirations in where and so on. They were bothered by the unclear self portrait of growth changes, and they were sensitive to other people's comments and response, they react strongly as long as being criticized a little, and will be very sad. How to understand oneself correctly and strengthen their confidence, is the heart concerns that teenagers often encounter.Sexual psychologyWith the development of sexual physiology, teenagers’sexual psychology was developed. How to meet the demand of the social culture and control is the problem that teenagers have to face. At the same time, how to set up "psychological gender" of themselves is important. How to speak, show and wear according to the physiological gender roles, how to win the opposite sex’s appreciation, how to get along with opposite sex friend, etc is the "psychological gender" that the teenagers have to learn and establish. Only "physiological gender" and "psychological gender" is consistent, one can be completely defined as male or female. These psychological problems also become the source of worry and stress usually.Family relationshipHow to get along with parents is one of the psychological burden and difficulty of teenagers. With the change of the ways of thinking, young man changed the views of parents, they began to criticize parents' words and deeds, even "despise" their parents, this phenomenon always form the generation gap. If mishandled, parents will be unhappiness because of the parent-child relationship conflict. Moreover, young people pursue independence, makes every effort to reduce dependence on their parents, but some parents don't care about the child's independent spirit, which cause appearance of parent-child relationship conflict and family relationship discord. FriendshipTeenagers need to get along with classmates, friends, learning together and help each other can increase their knowledge. So teenagers desire for friendship very much. if they were liked or accepted as a friend by others is very important. For the words of their classmates or friends, they are sensitive, and also prone to jealousy. Sometimes, under the pressure from the group of friends, they may take certain actions in order to lest be ruled out, this phenomenon is also caused by the psychological root.Adapt to the societyTeenagers are often very sensitive on their social environment, they advocate fashion, follow the social popular style, they were most vulnerable to infection or encourage and like to criticize traditional ideas. Young people often easy to fall into the changes of vortex, and can be easily affected by social and cultural upheaval.The solution of the adolescent psychological problemsFamily care and loveFamily is the ideal place for the development of teenagers’humanity and ideals. Therefore, family care of adolescent mental health is very important. Children lack of family care won't have self-esteem, because family love is the first important source of self-esteem, the relation between parents and children are very important to the development of children's self-esteem.Health educationIf the family is the first guardians of adolescent mental health, the school should be the second guardians of adolescent mental health. As a formal social institution, the school not only imparts knowledge, but also infuses the value of the juveniles and the health knowledge, etc. Health education mainly teaches students the basic knowledge of human physiology, mental health, and social adaptation and so on, in order to help teenagers to understand the body physiological changes which happened in adolescence belong to the normal phenomenon, to help students to eliminate fear, shy or guilty psychology, so as to form a good physical health and mental hygiene habit. In addition, Health education should teach them interpersonal skills, respect, obedience and adaptation, internalizing value norms. If teenagers’ interpersonal relationship is good, their mood must be happy, they will enjoy the physical and mental health inevitably.Community careCommunity is the third guardians of adolescent mental health, British community care three kinds of people: elderly, teenagers and disabled. Community care is the comprehensive care of adolescent physical and mental health of teenagers’ growth which was provided by community. First, it improves the community environment for the healthy growth of teenagers and provides activity facilities. Second, it has the duties to monitor the first and second guardian. If it is found that parents treat youth with cruelty which would hurt teenagers’ body and mind health, community intervention would be provided immediately. If the infringement of the students occurred in the school, community-based judicial intervention would be provided as soon as possible, the community court would rule with law, and give different legal sanctions depending on the situation.Media filterAbsolutely, the potential impact of mass media on the physical and mental health of teenagers cannot be treated lightly, especially the favorite movies, TV and network games of the youth. The requirement of the growth of these special teenager audiences should be taken into account fully. Some cultural garbage bad for the mental health of adolescent, violence, sex, drugs and gambling, to should not be feed them directly, just for the box office value.Community policeExperiment and demonstration districts are built in the community, so new things, such as the entrance of the police into the community, each community possessing of a community policing room, appeared. The community police has changed the tough situation that the police administrate the adolescents in the opposite side of the youth in the past, which has replaced by the humanized service in the youth side. It is significant meaningful for modifying the confrontation relationship between teenagers and police and the social environment of the youth growth, and further changing the teenager's rebellious attitude.Medical treatmentThe community hospital and medical station should improve primary health care System perfect elementary hygiene health care system to carry out spirit hygiene examination and health education on for the youth periodically, Increasing level of young people's health protection. It is necessary to provide 24 hours of nursing to those, who have spirit obstacle or have already been discovered showing suicide warnings, to make them take off from abnormal or crisis state as soon as possible. All these works can only be completed effectively by the cooperation of the youth work team members.Abduction worksThe social workers should know the growth environment, encounter problems and present troubles of the youth through abduction works, and make friends with them, trying best to help them solve some ideological and psychological problems. Meanwhile, they also need to persuade their parents to change the education method, and submit the suggestions of improving the youth job to community and relevant departments to help the organization to attain the target of professionalizing and systematizing youth jobs step by step.Reference[1] Chen J, Kennedy. C. Family Functioning, Parentin g Style, and Chinese Children’s Weight Status[J].Journalof Family Nursing, 2004, 10(2):262-279.[2] Chen X Y, Gen G Z, Li D, et al. Social functioning and adjustment in Chinese children: The imprint ofhistorical time[J]. Child Development, 2005,76 (1):182-195.[3] Chang L, Liu H, Wen Z, Fung K Y, et al. Mediating and moderated teacher influences on Chinese students’perceptions of antisocial and prosocial behaviors[J]. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2004,96(2): 369-380.[4] Eric S. Buhs. Peer rejection, negative peer treatment, and school adjustment: Self-concept and classroomengagement as mediating processes[J]. Journal of School Psychology, 2005, 43:407-424.[5] Massey E. K, Gebhardt W. A. & Garnefski N. Adolescent Goal Content and Pursuit: A Review of theLiterature from the Past 16 Years[J]. Developmental Review, 2008, 28(4):421-460.[6] Mathoney J.L, Bergman L.R. Conceptual and Methodological Considerations in a Developmental Approachto the Study of Positive Adaptation[J]. Applied Developmental Psychology,2002,(23):195-217.[7] Matson J. L, Mayville S. B, Laud R. B. A System of Assessment for Adaptive Behavior, Social Skills,Behavioral Function, Medication Sideeffects, And Psychiatric Disorders[J]. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2003, (24):75- 81.[8] Rebecca P. Ang. Development and validation of the teacher-student relationship inventory using exploratoryand confirmatory[J].The Journal of Experimental Education, 2005,74(1):55-73.[9] Shek D T L. Family Functioning and Psychological Well-Being, School Adjustment, and Problem Behaviorin Chinese Adolescents With and Without Economic Disadvantage[J]. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 2002,163(4):497-502.。
中医住院医师规范化培训中存在的问题与对策
Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine 2020 V ol.(12) No.33 -136- 临床医学·医药论坛中医住院医师规范化培训中存在的问题与对策Problems and countermeasures in the standardized training of resident doctors of traditional Chinese medicine史筱笑陈苗苗洪军（新疆医科大学第四附属医院，新疆乌鲁木齐，830000）中图分类号：R-055文献标识码：A文章编号：1674-7860（2020）33-0136-03【摘要】中医住院医师规范化培训（以下简称“规培”）是医学生毕业后教育的必经之路，也是解决中国医师非均质化的必由之路。
培训基地师资力量的不足难以保障，规培医师对规培政策的不重视，考核体系中存在的缺陷，规培医师薪资权益保障的不力，使许多规培医师对规培制度失去了信心。
现结合新疆维吾尔自治区中医医院针对专业学位研究生与住院医师规范化培训“双轨合一”的规培医师中，常暴露出的实际问题进行归纳总结，并就这些问题及其引发的思考进行剖析，以冀能促进中医规培制度的完善，为以后的规培医师提供良好的规培环境，在高标准的训练和培养下完成规培医师的成长，从而不断推动中医药事业的发展。
【关键词】中医住院医师；规范化培训；问题；对策【Abstract】Standardized training of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) resident doctors (hereinafter referred to as “standardized training”) is a compulsory education for TCM students after graduation, and it is also the only solution to the problem of doctor heterogeneity in China. A mix of factors, including undersupply of teachers for the training base, lack of attention to the training policy by doctors, drawbacks in the assessment system and inadequate protection of the pay interests of doctors, have made many doctors lose confidence in the training system. In this paper, based on the situation of Xinjiang Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, a summary will be given regarding the practical problems that frequently occur in the “two-in-one” standardized training for professional degree graduates and resident doctors. A deep analysis will also be made of those problems and their related thoughts, with the aim to improve TCM training system, to provide a good training environment for future doctors receiving standardized training, to foster the growth of those doctors aligned with high training standards, so as to continuously promote the development of the TCM.【Keywords】Resident doctor of traditional Chinese medicine; Standardized training; Problem; Countermeasuresdoi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7860.2020.33.0531引言当前，就全球而言，把医学教育普遍分为院校教育、毕业后教育和继续教育三个阶段。
中国企业对外投资的现状问题及对策研究
中国企业对外投资的现状、问题及对策研究摘要当前，中国企业对外投资虽然处在起步期但发展迅速，并且表现出投资行业涉及广泛，投资区域遍布较广，投资主体日益多元化，投资形式日趋多样化，跨国并购趋势加强，成为当前对外投资的主要方式等特点。
但与此同时也存在着许多许多急需解决的问题。
如：投资主体格局不合理；投资结构不合理；投资方式需要优化；投资规模小；缺少跨国管理人才；缺乏总体发展战略；政府宏观规划和管理不够完善；缺乏权威的对外投资信息咨询服务体系等等。
针对这些问题可采取以下对策：引导企业科学地制定自己对外投资的长期发展战略;建立支持体系;积极进行技术创新以形成自己的核心技术;大力开发和培养符合国际化要求的跨国管理人才;以市场为导向选择对外直接投资的产业和产品。
关键词对外投资；对外投资的问题；对策Chinese Enterprise foreign investment current situation , problems and countermeasuresAbstractPresently, Chinese Enterprise foreign investment, although occupies the start time but to develop rapidly, and demonstrated a wide range of investment sectors, investment across the broader region, the main investment in an increasingly diverse, growing form of investment diversification, cross-border M & A trend to strengthen and become the current foreign investment characteristics of the main ways. But at the same time there are many issues need to be addressed urgently. Such as: investment in the main pattern of unreasonable; unreasonable investment structure; investment needs optimization; investment in small scale; the lack of cross-border management personnel; the lack of overall development strategies; the government's macroeconomic planning and management is not perfect; the lack of authority of the foreign investment advisory services information system and so on. In light of these problems can take the following countermeasures: a scientific guide enterprises to foreign investment to develop its own long-term development strategy; the establishment of support systems; actively carry out technological innovation to form the core of their technology; vigorously the development and training requirements in line with international cross-border management of personnel; to choice of market-oriented foreign direct investment in industries and products. Keyword FDI; The problems of FDI; Countermeasures目录摘要 ................................................................................................................................................... Abstract . (I)Keyword FDI; The problems of FDI; Countermeasures (I)第一章绪论 0本文的研究背景 0国内外对外投资的研究现状 0研究方法及内容 (1)第二章关于对外投资 (2)国际直接投资的概念 (2)国际直接投资的基本特征 (2)国际直接投资的类型 (3)第三章中国企业对外投资的现状 (4)中国企业对外投资概况 (4)中国企业对外投资特点表现 (4)中国企业对外投资的起步相对较晚 (4)投资行业涉及面广但集中于少数产业 (4)投资区域较广，但大多数分布在亚洲地区 (5)投资主体日益多元化，投资形式日趋多样化 (5)跨国并购成为当前对外投资的主要方式 (5)第四章中国企业对外投资的问题分析 (7)投资主体呈多元化格局不够合理 (7)对外投资结构不合理 (7)投资地点相对集中 (7)产业结构不合理 (8)投资方式仍需进一步优化 (8)企业对外投资规模小 (9)对外投资的宏观规划和管理不够完善 (10)缺乏宏观管理和规划 (10)当前政府对境外直接投资的管理业需进一步改善 (10)缺乏权威的对外投资信息咨询服务体系 (10)企业管理水平低，缺乏技术优势 (11)第五章中国企业对外投资的策略分析 (12)鼓励民企对外投资，壮大投资队伍 (12)优化对外投资的产业结构 (12)完善跨国收购与兼并为主的投资方式 (13)增强技术创新能力 (14)实施经营本土化战略 (15)加强政府对跨国公司的支持与监管 (15)结论 (17)致谢 (18)参考文献 (19)附录A (20)附录B (25)中国企业对外投资现状、问题及对策研究第一章绪论本文的研究背景一个国家随着经济的发展，应该是吸收外资与对外投资并举，这样才能充分利用区域优势，将自己融于全球经济发展的体系中。
英语专业(商务方向)大专毕业论文参考选题
毕业论文参考选题1. A Brief Analysis on the Impacts of Electronic Commerce on Employment2. Problems in On—line Shopping and Solutions3. The Present Situation and Strategy of Brand Marketing in China’s Foreign Trade4. Skills and Strategies for Successful Personal Selling5. An Analysis on the Language Features in English Advertisement6。
Analysis on Local English Training Market7. Human Resource Planning in JunYun Trading Ltd8. Marketing Strategies in Shenzhen's Automotive Business9. The Pros and Cons of Multi-Level Marketing in China10。
Analysis on Business-to—Consumer in E—Commerce11。
The Actuality and Significance of E-mail Market12. Analysis on Qualities for a Qualified Commercial Secretary13. Intercultural Communication Competence in Business World14. Ways to Improve Managerial Skills15. Obstacles and Countermeasures in China's E-commerce Operation16. Problems and Solutions in the Implementation of ERP System in Chinese Enterprises17. Culture Differences in Business Negotiation18。
英语翻译基础考试材料第(171)章
The idea, from their state, and from the state to itself; from practice to theory, from virtual to real, repeated rendering andSad mood, read to understand such feelings. After two passionate resounding, express their willing to sacrificeRighteousness, for the salvation of the noble sentiments of the motherland.3 Reading Teaching(1) reading comprehension of this poem, may wish to start from the evaluation of Zhang Hongfan's Poetry: why he would even say "good person!The poem "? As a breakthrough point, the students' interest in reading the text.(2) at the beginning of the poem, the main experience of his life. To sum up, it is the two major event. One is subject toThe emperor's selection, after the imperial examination into the career. In the two invasion of yuan, song room crisis, in response to"Qin Wang Ting" call, 1275 lunar January, with all his possessions as military, revolted against yuan, in constantSpent four years in battle. In the past four years, he was to save the nation go through fire and water, strain every nerve, struggling,But, the situation is more and more critical. At this time, most of the country has been in the hands of the enemy, he is defeated and captured.Seeing the poet It is all up with, can not help overcome by feeling of sorrow. So the next two further describe guopoguwang griefSad. The homeland has been devastated by the military, the broken pieces of the mountains and rivers, the Southern Song Dynasty in the army under the attack force is also in jeopardy,Fall soon, as the wind in the willow. It is said from china. As for Wen Tianxiang himself, but also the ups and downs of life. When an official had been repeatedly denounced, and disobedient dignitaries; revolted against yuan after the defeat, many, once detained, two timesCaptured, several suicide to commit suicide to die. Now men and soldiers died, their loved ones were captured, their ownZero or one people trapped in the enemy, solitary, life as wind and rain duckweed, without relying on. These two sentences to describe the way to writeAnd the story, vivid, and hidden deep feelings is very painful, very artistic appeal. AnswerGo on, "said beach fear fear, Lingding ocean sigh alone" on the front two, is "broken".The supplement, including the anti yuan of their own experiences, his performance. The first sentence is to recall the past. PoetIn 1275 since the Ganzhou war, the fear of North beach. When the yuan army was in Ling'an, an emergency situation. Jing Yan two years (1277), the poet in Jiangxi was defeated, and the fear of Tan retreated to Fujian, then the situation in the country has been on the verge of death or destruction. BecauseThis, "said fear", which said he was uneasy apprehension about the hard times. After a sigh sight, Said his unfortunate defeat, captured alone, floating zero Ding Yang cannot clap with one hand, feel lonely and helpless. These twoIn the past experience and experience, today intertwined, look back the "fear", also see today"Alone ", make the poet have mixed feelings. And all of this is due to the national peril. The poet loyal newspaperIn China, only to see into the hearts of the beautiful rivers and mountains of a country's natural enemy, grief unspeakable.From the poem's conception, in front of the six words of grief and perils the atmosphere to the extreme, the next two areThe authors turn to anger by emotion, excitement, depression is high by. "Who died in life, leaving Dan DanMy history. "From ancient to modern times, people inevitably die, die to save the motherland, will lay down one's life for justice, a heart of pure loyaltyDown in the annals of history, ancient maps. This passion generous poem, that the poet's determination to lay down one's life for justice, fullReflects his national integrity. The whole poem is due to the two end and become a generation of masterpieces, eternal song.4 activity tips(1) "there is a rhythm and charm" in "reading aloud". It is the key to read this poem. In Understanding PoetryThe background of reading poetry, will further enhance the students on the poet grief and generous feelings resonate.(2) "thinking and communication" and "development and application" of the subject should be answered, please refer to the "reading teaching"(2).(3) accumulationThe meaning of these 3 words is:A: desolate and lonely. The war caused the dilapidated scene.Fear: fear of panic.History: history.The arrangement is the Southern Song Dynasty poet Lu You's last work "to show children".5 ancient poetryThrough hard efforts, because knowledge of "poem" "book" "Li" "" "spring and Autumn" is one of the five classics testIn the examination, is appointed official,Be born in troubled times, the war has been burned for four years.The country wasdevastated have wind blown catkin,Since this moment was captured while the rain, like duckweed.When the beach I fear, fear of national crisis,Now came the Lingding ocean, I can not feel lonely and helpless.Since ancient times, who can ever-young?As long as I am loyal to the country, we can go down in history.6 class hours: 2 hours.Problems and Countermeasures in Teaching"Emotional changes" a great poem too lonely ocean, before the six sentence of gloomy grief, after two heroic. TeachersTeaching should be combined with the relevant content to guide students to understand the emotional changes.Related dataAuthor profileWen Tianxiang, a shoe is good, and the word Song Rui, No. Wenshan Jizhou, Jishui (now in Jiangxi) people. The love of reading, also attaches great importance to children's education, try to teach teachers employed. Wen Tianxiang will be in both summer and winter covered with police sayingSentence study with his brother reading, writing, talk about past and present. At the age of 18, Wen Tianxiang won the Lu Ling Xiang school examFirst, the 20 annual Jizhou Bailuzhou academy to study, the same year that the selected Jizhou Gongshi to Ling'an (now, fatherHangzhou。
气相色谱法测定废气中非甲烷总烃存在的问题与对策
1引言由气相色谱法检测非甲烷总烃的原理可知，采样是否规范，采样容器及采样装置，样品的性质对于检测结果的影响非常大。
故在固定污染源及无组织废气———非甲烷总烃的测定过程中，为了更好地测定非甲烷总烃的含量，为受测单位净化处理设施的去除效率，以及是否达标排放，提供及时，准确的数据。
2采样规范①固定污染源采样位置：首先应避开对测试人员操作有危险的场所。
②采样位置应优先选择在垂直管段，应避开烟道弯头和断面急剧变化的部位。
③测试现场空间位置有限，很难满足上述要求时，可选择比较适宜的管点采样，但采样断面与弯头等的距离至少是烟道直径的1.5倍，并应适度增加测点的数量和采样频次[1]。
④采样工况达到生产能力的75%以上，采样人员必须按照真实的工况情况去采集，否则无法准确监测受测单位的污染排放情况。
3采样容器①气袋材质符合HJ732—2014《固定污染源废气挥发性有机物的采样气袋法》的相关规定。
②工作中为节约成本使用普通袋子，使监测结果不准确，甚至偏高，这是由于普通袋子对采集的气体样品具有吸附性。
实际检测工作证明，聚四氟乙烯袋子对于气体样品稳定性好，而且符合HJ38—2017《固定污染源废气总烃甲烷和非甲烷总烃的测定气相色谱法》标准的要求。
4采样装置及样品保存①采用真空箱，抽气泵等设备将经固定污染源排气筒排放的废气直接采集并保存到化学惰性优良的氟聚合物薄膜气袋中。
在气袋采样系统中，加装在采样管前端，填装实验用清洁玻璃棉，过滤排气中颗粒物的装置。
采样管有加热功能，内壁应为不锈钢或内衬聚四氟乙烯或石英玻璃的采样管。
在采样过程中充分置换气袋，使样品气体老化气袋内表面，降低气袋内表面吸附导致的样品损失干扰。
②样品的保存和运输：采样结束后气袋样品立即放入避气相色谱法测定废气中非甲烷总烃存在的问题与对策Problems and Countermeasures of Determining the Non-Methane Total Hydrocarbons inWaste Gas by Gas Chromatography樊梅（沧州天泽环保科技有限公司，河北沧州061000）FAN Mei(CangzhouTianzeEnvironmentalProtectionTechnologyCo.Ltd.,Cangzhou061000,China)【摘要】气相色谱法测定废气中非甲烷总烃存在诸多问题。
论延吉市城市基础设施规划与管理存在的问题及对策
学号：本科毕业论文论延吉市城市基础设施规划与管理存在的问题及对策On Problems and Countermeasures of Yanji city infrastructureplanning and management姓名：专业：指导教师姓名：指导教师职称：2014年5月摘要随着改革开放和振兴东北老工业基地战略的实施，延吉市经济快速发展，城市建设扩张速度突飞猛进，人与自然、人与社会、人与人之间的矛盾日益凸显。
本文在此背景下，借鉴全国、吉林省应急管理的先进经验，针对延吉市城市基础设施规划运用应急管理和规划管理理论进行分析，从延吉市城市地理位置、地形地貌特征、气候条件、水文条件、人口因素等多方面潜在原因进行分析，在充分肯定延吉城市建设取得的成就的同时，认真分析延吉市城市基础设施建设规划在应急管理视角下存在的问题主要有应急意识落后、基础应急设施存在漏洞、缺乏基础设施应急指挥平台、城市功能区域划分不利于应急管理、应急建设引入市场机制不足等问题，其原因主要是城市应急培训较少、应急基础设施历史欠账较多、城市区域划分缺乏在应急管理方面缺乏科学建设、市场化不足等，应树立相关规划目标，加强应急组织建设，加快城市基础设施应急指挥平台建设，大力引入民间资本，明确城市建设主管部门的职责真正做到对应急设施建设要有法可依、有法必依。
在紧急情况发生后通过应急预警和生命线的保障，最大限度的挽救人民生命财产安全。
本文不仅对延吉市城市基础设施在应急管理有理论意义，而且对于全国类似延吉市这样的西部城市都有相应的指导意义和实践意义。
关键词：延吉市基础设施规划管理应急措施AbstractAlong with the reform and opening up and the implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating northeast old industrial base, the rapid economic development of yanji city, the urban construction expansion speed by leaps and bounds, man and nature, man and society, the contradiction between people. Based on this background, draw lessons from the country and the advanced experience of emergency management in jilin province, in view of yanji city infrastructure planning by using the theory of emergency management and planning management is analyzed, from yanji city location, characteristics of landform, climate, hydrological conditions, demographic factors such as the various potential causes were analyzed, and the full affirmation yenji, urban construction achievements at the same time, careful analysis of yanji city infrastructure construction planning in the perspective of the problems existing in emergency management mainly include emergency consciousness, backward infrastructure emergency loophole, lack of infrastructure, emergency command platform, city function zoning is bad for emergency management, emergency construction problems such as lack of introducing market mechanism, the main reason is the city emergency training, emergency infrastructure historical debt more and less urban zoning lack of lack of scientific construction in the emergency management and the shortage of market, should establish related planning objectives, to strengthen the construction of the emergency organization, emergency command platform to speed up the urban infrastructure construction, vigorously the introduction of private capital, clarify the responsibilities of the competent department of city construction truly to laws, the laws on the building of the emergency facilities. Through early warning and emergency lifeline after emergency safeguard, maximum limit save people's life and property safety. This article not only to the yanji city infrastructure has theoretical significance in emergency management, but also for the western like yanji city has corresponding guiding significance and practical significance.Key word：Yanji infrastructure construction layout plansmanagement目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)目录 (1)一、绪论 (1)（一）论文研究背景与意义 (1)（二）论文思路、框架及主要内容 (1)二、延吉市应急管理与城市基础设施规划概述 (2)（一）相关理论及其概念 (2)（二）延吉市城市规划 (3)三、延吉市城市基础设施规划管理现状与潜在危机 (4)（一）延吉市发展条件 (4)（二）延吉市应城市基础设施建设规划存在的问题 (5)四、延吉市城市基础设施规划管理的对策 (6)（一）在规划管理中要加强组织建设，建立完善应急机制 (6)（二）在规划管理中要重新审视城市基础设施应急问题 (6)（三）在规划管理中要从应急管理视角下重新审视城市功能区域划分 (7)（四）在规划管理中要对生命线工程的侧重 (7)五、结论 (7)（一）主要观点 (7)（二）研究不足之处 (8)致谢 (8)参考文献 (9)原创性声明 (10)版权使用授权书 (11)一、绪论（一）论文研究背景与意义延吉市城市规划关系到延吉市未来十年的政治、经济的发展方向，而城市基础设施建设规划则是城市规划中最重要的部分，因为城市基础设施建设大部分是由政府运用公共财政资金进行建设，直接体现了政府的执行力和公信力。
工商管理本科毕业论文题目(Business management undergraduate thesis title)
工商管理本科毕业论文题目（Business managementundergraduate thesis title）工商管理本科毕业论文题目(Business management undergraduatethesis title)The business administration undergraduate graduation thesis topic (Note: the following topics for reference, students topics students topics should be different, and this is also a new topic.) Reference to the subject:01 Business Administration undergraduate thesis:To explore the management strategy of Guangdong province and the situation of lack of work.Study on brand strategy and brand management of small and medium-sized enterprises misunderstandingStudy on the agency problem of innovation in family enterprise system and Its CountermeasuresAnalysis of the industry development and brand development of Zhongshan Ancient Town lightingStudy on the model of professional town of Yanbu underwear industry organization developmentTo investigate the blood management mode of insurance typeProblems and Countermeasures of private enterprises in the Pearl River Delta Human Resources ManagementThe application research of customer relationship management in China's banking industryShaping the core competitiveness of enterprises based on customer valueProblems and Countermeasures on the current situation, small and medium-sized enterprise cultureThe research on human resource outsourcing management of small and medium enterprises in the Pearl River DeltaThe research on employee performance management and the growth of small and medium enterprises in GuangdongStudy on the causes and Countermeasures of the lack of credit of SMEsTo effectively improve the enterprise crisis management system To enhance the international competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises of national competitive strategySee our corporate governance structure from the "Jianlibao equity storm"Modern marketing problems and solutions via emailImpact of the real estate bubble to the financial industry and Its CountermeasuresFeasibility analysis of commercial paper financing of small and medium-sized enterprises to carry outMisunderstandings and Countermeasures of staff training for small and medium enterprises in ChinaThe problems in human resource management of Guangdong family enterprises and CountermeasuresCause analysis and Countermeasures of price war in the mobile communicationSome problems of emotion management in enterprise managementOn the cultivation of core competitiveness of private enterprises in ChinaFoshan modern logistics development bottleneck and breakthrough The selection and operation of Chinese fast food chainStudy on the marketing strategy and pricing strategy of modern information productsStudy on the reasons and Countermeasures of the loss of core staff in small and medium sized enterprisesCause and Countermeasure of financing of small and medium enterprisesProblems and Countermeasures of new product marketingStudy on the advertising effect and enterprise brand positioning The selection and operation of Chinese fast food industryStudy on current situation and Countermeasures of enterprise employee performance appraisalThe construction of enterprise culture and enterprise sustainable development researchDistribution channels change and management strategy of home appliance industryStudy on the role and personality of entrepreneursStudy on virtual business strategy management model based on enterprise core competenceDevelopment and innovation of telecom services from PHSThe problems and Countermeasures of the loss of talents in private enterprises in the Pearl River DeltaPresent situation, problems and Countermeasures of Email marketing Problems and Countermeasures of sustainable development in China's private enterprisesStudy on the tax work of the Pan Pearl River DeltaThe countermeasures and principles of management of corporate public relations crisisProblems and Countermeasures of cultural construction of small and medium-sized enterprises of our country in theThe reason and Countermeasure of talent loss of state-owned commercial banksThe reasons and Countermeasures of enterprise knowledge worker turnoverAdvertising language and consumer psychology researchStudy on the development of private enterprises financing channels China's enterprises "going out" strategyStudy on the stability of enterprise strategic allianceResearch on risk management of new high technology enterprisesStudy on the sustainable development of the social responsibility of the enterprise and Chaozhou ceramic industryAnd to explore the development status of Foshan logistics industry Supply chain management based on collaborative simulation platform Problems and Countermeasures of small and medium enterprise human resources managementThe theory of family enterprises in China Social Transformation The Pearl River Delta region private enterprise management update mechanismApplication of the Balanced Scorecard in motivating employees in Present situation, problems and Countermeasures of private enterprise trainingChanges in consumer behavior and coping strategies of marketing Human resource management problems and Countermeasures of family business in ChinaTo build the core competitiveness of chain enterprisesStudy on logistics cost controlAnalysis of China's city management and DevelopmentCountermeasures02 Business Administration undergraduate thesis:Study on the problems of network marketing.On the development of private economy obstacles and Countermeasures And the change of marketing strategy in network economy era of consumption demandAnalysis of technology innovation strategy for small and medium enterprisesThe company of state-owned enterprises "problems and Countermeasures of internal control"The theory of "government factors" influence on private enterprise decision-makingStudy on the security problems of landless peasants in Guangdong The enterprise's core competitiveness -- A Case Study on Foshan electric lighting Limited by Share LtdThe successful experience of foreign development strategy of China Telecom EnterprisesThe advertisement management strategy of enterprisesThe problems and Countermeasures of talent recruitmentStudy on the enterprise internal management communication and CountermeasuresInfluence on management of mental models in their decisionsCurrent situation and development prospect of Chinese retailProblems and Countermeasures of private enterprise cultureThe new thinking of enterprise management, humanistic management The analysis of enterprise organization flattening effect on its managementThe research of network marketing under Electronic CommerceAdvertising marketing strategy innovation of enterprise in knowledge economy eraFoshan two private venture in human resource management problems and CountermeasuresWith the construction of private enterprises cultural problemsThe problems and Countermeasures of transnational operation of Chinese EnterprisesThe supply chain management of purchasing and inventory management Choose the path of China's sustainable development of family enterprisesStudy on technological innovation in small and medium sized enterprise clustersThe problems and Countermeasures of human resource management of private enterprises in FoshanResearch on enterprise performance evaluation systemAnalysis and innovation of family business model advantages and The training of small and medium enterprises in Guangdong and Its CountermeasuresTo enhance the leadership of the management of large and medium sized enterprisesStudy on the cultivation of the core competitiveness of thefurniture industry in ShundeResearch on the reasons and Countermeasures of Guangdong enterprise brain drainStudy on regional brand development in the Pearl River DeltaStudy on the development of the Pearl River Delta town ofprofessional problems and Countermeasures in theThinking of international freight forwarding innovationStudy on brand building of enterprises in GuangdongStudy on the sustainable development of enterprisesThe leadership of the SMEs management influenceThe training problems faced by small and medium enterprises and SolutionsThe successful experience of the United States, Japan and Germany analysis of human resource management and Its Enlightenment to China Study on current situation and Countermeasures of enterprise employee performance appraisalStudy on the problems and Countermeasures of private enterprises wastageOperation situation and Research on China's department storeThe development strategy of private enterprises in Guangdong ProvinceProblems and solutions of family businesses faceStudy on promoting energy conservation tax policy of ourcountryOn the innovation of marketing under the knowledge economyThe construction and management of virtual teams in Guangdong EnterprisesThe medicines and health products marketing managementThe high-end private enterprise ERP system application and sustainable development researchThe training of employees in small and medium enterprises and CountermeasuresStudy the issue of China's green marketingThe practical problems of management of private enterprises and SolutionsThe quality of private entrepreneurs status, causes and CountermeasuresThe discussion of China's enterprise leadership problemContinuous communication in modern enterprisesSee from the shortage of migrant workers incentive problems of small and medium-sized enterprises employeesThe analysis of talent strategy misunderstandings andCountermeasures of private enterprisesOn electronic commerce and logistics integrationOn the corporate performance appraisal problems and Countermeasures Shaping the development and the core competitiveness of China's retail industry.Study on the incentive mechanism of enterprise core employeesThe study of core competitiveness of retail enterprisesOn reasons for the flow of talent in foreign enterprises and CountermeasuresThe decision on the sustainable development of private enterprisesThe characteristics and Countermeasures of the root causes of corruption, senior managers of the companyThe establishment and management of enterprise brandThe development status and Countermeasures of the retail industry in ChinaThe development and promotion of new productsAnalysis of Foshan ceramic enterprises competitive advantageand value chain strategyThe talent strategy of small and medium enterprises facing problems and CountermeasuresThe problems and Countermeasures of China search marketingAnalysis on the sustainable development of private enterprises in ChinaOnly in talents, small and medium sized private enterprisesStudy on the internationalization of private enterprises in GuangdongThe culture of the status quo and Countermeasures of small and medium sized enterprises in FoshanCustomer relationship management of the real estate industry.Problems and Countermeasures on the development of specialized town in Pearl River DeltaThe present situation and development strategy of Shunde retail industryThe Countermeasures on the new trend of multinational direct investment in China and ChinaProblems and Countermeasures of chain management in ChinaThe analysis of brand crisis causes and Countermeasures in China People oriented, promotes the small and medium-sized enterprise management conceptOn the construction of the core competitiveness of private enterprisesStudy on the evaluation of the status quo and Countermeasures of performance of small and medium sized enterprisesAnalysis of Chinese old consumer market and marketing strategyStaff training problems of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Pearl River Delta and Its CountermeasuresThinking of the development of modern logistics industry informatizationResearch on the problem of Foshan industrial upgradingStudy on cross cultural management of foreign enterprisesThe feasibility of the implementation of cross-border mergers and acquisitions of Chinese enterprises, obstacles and Countermeasures The problems and Countermeasures of development of Foshan textile industryStudy on the sustainable growth of industrial clustersTo explore the internal spirit of middle management of modern enterprise incentive mechanismResearch direction:The 1 sources of private enterprise employees stress and mitigation methods2, analysis of the characteristics of high-tech enterprises in the top management teamStudy on the identity of the 3, enterprise managementAnalysis of the essence and reason of 4, the growth of family enterpriseTo explore the mode of internal management of private enterprises, 5 Road 6, China model of enterprise internationalization7, organizational innovation and learning organization construction 8, study the effect of mergers and acquisitions on human resource management9. The influence of corporate culture on Organizational InnovationAbout 10 of family enterprises, the construction of enterprisecultureMarketing strategy 11, industrial and commercial enterprises to open up the rural market12, about the impact of Electronic Commerce on the enterprisenetwork marketingTo 13, the successful implementation of enterprise network marketing Rational thinking on the 14, the implementation of enterprise brand strategyThe problems and Countermeasures of brand extension, 1516, strengthen the construction of the brand image of private enterprises17, talk about the life of the brand18, green marketingPresent situation and Prospect of green marketing of enterprises in China, 1920, about the employee flow rate of game analysis is invalidAnalysis of the main problems of 21 state-owned enterprises,compensation incentive and CountermeasuresTo explore the relationship between the 22, the corporate mission and employee performance23, the introduction of senior personnel in enterprise risk and CountermeasuresThe main reason of 24 small and medium-sized enterprises, talent loss and Countermeasures25, small and medium sized family enterprise human resource management analysis26, study on the core competitiveness of enterprises27, thinking about knowledge management problems of enterpriseReflections on the development of multinational corporations, on the 28Analysis of the financing obstacles and Countermeasures of 29 small and medium sized enterprisesProblems and Countermeasures in 30, China's development of small and medium sized enterprises31, on the establishment of learning organizationThe construction of learning organization, enterprise 3233, Chinese state-owned enterprise learning research organization construction34, thinking of learning organization calmCross cultural management of transnational merger and acquisition of enterprises, 35 of the36, the development of China's third party logistics thinkingStudy on current situation and Countermeasures of property management in China, 3738, the third party logistics in developed countries for reference and development39, analysis of crisis management in Logistics40 of our retail chain logistics development countermeasure researchDo strong strategy of small and medium circulation enterprises,about 4142, on the evaluation of third party logistics enterprises and selection43, talk about knowledge economy and enterprise management44, the enterprise management innovation in the era of knowledge economyAnalysis and Countermeasures of 45, our country small and medium-sized enterprise credit problems46, the core competitiveness of enterprises47, to explore the hot topics of modern management theorySome problems on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, 48Reflections on the development of multinational corporations, on the 4950, the organization change and developmentThe problems and Countermeasures of brand extension, 5152, the organization of flow designThe value chain of transnational operation, design 53Analysis of the value chain of the industry chain, 5455, to explore the problem of enterprise competitiveness56. The influence of network economy on Modern Enterprises57, the theory of enterprise strategic alliance58, on the cross cultural management of enterprise59, study on some problems of implementing stock option systemOn 60, on the issue of enterprise strategic transformationComparison of 61 Chinese and foreign enterprises, mergers and acquisitions motivation theory62, on the full range of diversification strategy63, the core competitiveness of enterprises64. Study on enterprise brand strategy problem65, improve the corporate governance structure of Listed Companiesin China66, ethics and modern business management67, in the era of network economy management reform68, the corporate governance of venture capital and high tech enterpriseThe development strategy of China IT enterprise 69, under the background of Globalization70, the new economic model of the enterprise management information system71, management system design and customization72, globalization and enterprise strategic choice73, computer integrated manufacturing system (CIM) design and management support systemIn 74, JIT in the use of China's enterprisesIn 75, MRP in the use of China's enterprises76, the research of the enterprise production planning system77, enterprise production plan management of resourcesBy 78, the total quality management method in Enterprises79, the enterprise quality control system applicationStudy 80, quality management standards81 quality management, advanced manufacturing technology conditionsStudy on the protection of shareholders' rights in the governance of company, 82Reflections on the 83, improve the board of directors of the listed company functionStrategic analysis and strategy of multinational corporations"direct investment in China by 84,Study on the core problem in the strategy of enterprise merger, 85 86, the theory of management innovation87, the risk of Chinese enterprise development strategy88, the organization how to realize scientific managementWe should establish the system of independent directors, 89 China Enterprises90, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and Countermeasures91, the virtual enterprise of our country management organizationsin ChinaStudy 92, high tech industrialization problem93, on the management and development of enterprises94, the incentive mechanism of human capital95, how to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprisesAnalysis of 96 circulation enterprises, theinternationalization of uncontrollable factorsRisk analysis of 97 controllable factors, enterpriseinternationalizationInternational business strategy 98, Chinese circulation enterprises 99, Chinese enterprises how to implement the strategy of "going out"The establishment and development of multinational companies, 100 ChinaA comparative study of 101 Chinese and foreign enterprise management mode102, the reform of state-owned enterprises of foreign enlightenment and reference103, small and medium-sized enterprises financing obstacles and Countermeasures104, brand strategy and CountermeasuresStudy on the loss problem and reorganization of listed companies, 105 Chinese106, the small and medium-sized enterprise marketing strategy107, the small and medium-sized enterprise e-commerce development strategyThe problems and Countermeasures of international distributionof 108 enterprises in our country109, the enterprise production management information system110, analysis of the ERP and Chinese enterprise managementReflections on the 111, the difficult problem of financing ofprivate enterprisesThe present situation and Development Countermeasures of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, 112In 113, our company supervisor system114, the enterprise pricing115, the principle of construction of enterprise innovation network Study on the identification and evaluation of the core competitiveness of enterprises, 116Research on the incentive mechanism of technological innovation in small and medium sized enterprises, 117118, Meizhou on improving the level of industrial development countermeasure research119, to enhance the capability of independent innovation of enterprises in Meizhou CountermeasuresThe problems and Countermeasures of private enterprises inMeizhou, 120。
浅议中小民营企业财务管理存在的问题及对策
1中小民营企业在财务管理中存在的主要问题1.1企业管理模式落后，财务管理意识不强且随意性大中小民营企业最显著的一个特点就是所有权与经营权高度统一，治理结构不健全，内部组织机构简单，民营企业家大多数既是经营者又是所有者，企业的大小事务决策都由老板一人说了算，大多数民营企业老板又缺乏专业的财务管理知识，财务管理意识不强，致使财务预测、财务决策、财务控制、财务计划和财务分析无法发挥作用，正常事务不按财务权限和流程去处理，越权行事，随意性大，造成财务监督虚设，财务管理混乱，从而使财务管理失去了在企业管理中应有的地位和作用。
1.2企业融资能力不强，融资困难，融资渠道窄目前，中小民营企业普遍存在融资困难的现象，已严重阻碍了中小民营企业的发展，主要原因如下：第一，中小民营企业一般规模相对较小，信誉不高，信用等级普遍较低，有效抵押物少且金额低，又难以寻求到合适的，有愿意作担保的企业；第二，大多数中小民营企业财务管理混乱，内控制度不健全，财务人员素质不高，财务状况真实性、完整性存在质疑；第三，中小民营企业大多处于初创期和成长期，盈利能力不强，现金流不足，抗风险能力差；第四，银行从风险控制和自身的经济利益出发，向中小民营企业贷款比向国有大中型企业、上市公司等风险更大，而且服务成本高，收益低；第五，资本市场高门槛、高层次要求导致那些需要资金的中小民营企业无法通过资本市场渠道筹集资金。
1.3企业投资风险意识淡薄，投资盲目且缺乏可行性投资决策决定了企业的筹资规模和企业的前景，但投资决策失误，引发盲目扩张或丧失发展机遇，可能导致资金链断裂或资金使用效益低下，甚至破产。
目前，许多中小民营企业由于家族式集权管理方式，投资决策权往往集中在个别人手中，缺乏理性的分析与评估，风险意识淡薄，造成投资损失。
中小民营企业投资活动存在的主要问题如下：第一，治理结构不健全，内部组织机构不完善，未能按照规定的权限和程序进行决策，风险意识淡薄；第二，投资盲目，前期未进行可行性研究和分析，无法对投资目标、规模、方式、资金来源、风险与收益等作出客观评价；第三，投资项目未能突出主业，搞多元化投资，过度扩张，浅议中小民营企业财务管理存在的问题及对策Discussion on the Problems and Countermeasures of the Financial Management inSmall and Medium-Sized Private Enterprises徐晓兵（江苏中恒宠物用品股份有限公司，江苏盐城224056）XU Xiao-bing(Jiangsu ZhonghengPetArticlesJoint-StockCo.Ltd.,Yancheng224056,China)【摘要】随着我国经济体制的不断深入和完善，中小民营企业得到快速发展，对社会主义经济发展作出了巨大贡献。
英语专业论文题目参考大全
英语专业论文题目参考大全_English professional paper topics 1、Problems and countermeasures of college English cross-cultural teaching 2、Multiple learning theory horizon, college students' English autonomous learning ability of sustainable development research 3、The dynamic evaluation research of college English writing teaching 4、The concept of intercultural communication studies from the cultural identity 5、Network language fuzziness of social linguistics research 6、Ecology way of interpreting studies 7、College English teachers' classroom motivation strategy research 8、English major curriculum reform and setting up the colleges and universities 9、Based on the learning of English learner autonomy ability research file 10、College English teachers' personal general education beliefs 11、Promotes research curriculum factors of college English autonomous learning 12、Cross-cultural pragmatics perspective by the translation strategy research 13、College students' critical thinking ability training practice exploration 14、The national image and heralded translation strategy research 15、"The water margin" four English translation translation features multidimensional comparative study 16、Under the perspective of the translator from time style research 17、China's high school English teacher identity research 18、Modern Chinese adverbs and adverbs function level 19、Construct research subject undergraduate translation teaching for English majors 20、Based on the contemporary English corpus of Chinese students vocabulary ability to apply research in English composition 21、Esp courses teaching design research 22、Cross-cultural communication under the horizon of translation studies 23、Carry out research college English classroom communicative interaction 24、Construct explore heralded translation studies 25、Business English writing teaching material research 26、Medical situation of cross-cultural communicative competence research 27、Study on the relationship between the burnout and motivation of learning foreign language 28、A study of middle school English teachers' self-efficacy 29、The cognitive study of modern Chinese abbreviations 30、Basic education English teachers' teaching ability and its development and research 31、College students' critical thinking ability training way to explore 32、College English autonomous learning based on network environment is the theory and practice research 33、The ecology of college English teaching from the perspective of research 34、Yunnan minority college students' national identity and language attitude research 35、The human body words semantic transfer of cognitive research 36、Under the network environment of college students' language learning anxiety and learning strategy use studies 37、Social cognitive horizon, study of the cognitive and influencing factors of middle school English teachers 38、The constitution of China and the United States under the framework of functional linguistics theory in discourse analysis and cultural interpretation 39、To keep up with the advertising translation studies theory perspective 40、Li wenjun literary translation studies 41、The Chinese learners of English foreign accent 42、Based on the paradigm shift of foreign language education technology discipline building research 43、Service learning English studies in foreign language teaching environment in China 44、English teachers' beliefs influence on student-centered teaching research 45、Multidimensional interactive college English teaching mode of action research 46、Explore alienation translation thoughts 47、Urban heralded cross-cultural translation text reconstruction research 48、Singh, a short story narrative research 49、For their resource of foreign language teachers' professional development research 50、The study of the china-australia energy and mineral resources cooperation 51、Based on the situation of China's college ESP curriculum pattern and construction 52、"Osmosis" cross-cultural communication ability training mode research 53、Rhetorical persuasion perspective by the translation studies 54、Hidden curriculum under the perspective of college English curriculum design research 55、The influence of the teaching materials for teachers' beliefs and behavior research 56、Huangdi neijing polysemy of cognitive research 57、Translation of local dishes under the theory of intercultural communication research 58、The diversity of cultural translation strategies and translation more complementary study 59、Conflict of Chinese discourse pragmatic rhetoric study 60、The national college entrance examination English exam of Beijing the backwash effect of high school English teaching research 61、Information technology and college English teachers' self-efficacy research of curriculum integration 62、Teachers' independent teaching effects on students' autonomous learning ability 63、Chinese English learners' pragmatic failures in verbal communication 64、Chinese learners of English synonyms using research 65、Under the network environment of college English classroom teaching optimization research 66、The context of informationization of college English classroom ecological imbalance and reconstruction 67、Jian-zhong guo translation thoughts and practice research 68、Visual translation of literary texts 69、Factors that influence efficiency of incidental vocabulary acquisition research 70、Foreign language teachers teaching ability to study independently 71、Xu yuan-zhong study of translating tang poetry into English 72、English and Chinese in the comparative study on structure of syntax and semantics 73、"Going out" of Chinese literature translation model research 74、Multidimensional study of metaphor 75、Foreign language teaching cultural research 76、Perspective of cultural exchanges between the Chinese commercial advertising translation studies 77、Continuing education for English majors students listening and speaking skills training action research 78、College English teachers' belief system research 79、The narrative horizon, by the translation studies 80、Reception aesthetics perspective of financial report and the fusion of Chinese translation of news taste 81、English classroom teaching design incentive 82、English and Chinese loanwords category of cognitive research 83、Research on presupposition in chinese-english advertising 84、Chinese and English plant words contrast research 85、Impolite in Chinese mode of social and cognitive research 86、Research on teachers' hidden curriculum in college English curriculum implementation 87、The theory of the subjectivity of the translator 88、Deconstruction analysis of binary opposition in the perspective of translation 89、Reading English novels influence on college students' English writing performance 90、Of foreign language classroom dialogue theory from the theory of bakhtin 91、The foreign language classroom teachers discourse to construct affinity 92、Of wear is a stack of cultural identity from the postcolonial study to translation activities 93、Advertising emotional appeal of the comparative study of the impact of the consumer 94、Cross-cultural communication method China English teaching model analysis 95、Adaptation theory in interpreting the application of the research 96、Cultural translation studies 97、Comprehensive English teaching task study English majors in colleges and universities 98、Potential of the structure of the attitude 99、Professional translation construction, problems and countermeasures in China 100、Hearing the words of the judge identity building 101、Chinese-english contrast research space structure type 102、Literary translation stylistics assessment framework 103、The context of Chinese EFL learners' cultural identity anxiety research 104、Intervention: in verbal interaction, a evaluation perspective 105、Junior high school English vocabulary teaching present situation investigation and study 106、The American dream in the great gatsby "data processing 107、College English teachers' professional development in empirical research 108、Computer network integration with foreign language teaching research 109、The speech act of force cognitive linguistics research 110、Under the perspective of skopos theory region of guizhou ethnic minorities culture by the translation studies 111、The input of culture in teaching Chinese as a foreign language study 112、The Chinese and foreign teachers' written feedback to improve the effectiveness of the non-english major college students' English writing 113、Four English majors, tem8 examination washback research 114、American English and Chinese people polysemy cognitive contrast research 115、Chinese borrowings in English study 116、The evaluation study of English newspaper reviews 117、English teachers teaching ability development research 118、Interpreting dynamic RDA model research 119、Narrative research pinter plays in the disease 120、Based on the corpus of Chinese learners of English verb "unqualified clause" vocabulary grammar characteristic research 121、University foreign language teachers' cognitive research and its revelation for the teacher development 122、Buck "water margin" translation studies 123、The original technique of defamiliarization in literary translation studies 124、Based on the cultural perspective of comparative study on family education of China and the United States 125、Theory of Jane Austen in "pride and prejudice" the marriage 126、The role of native language translation in English vocabulary teaching 127、Out of the trauma of haze, Toni Morrison novel of black women trauma research 128、The suffragists research of gender perspective 129、The influence of classroom language learning motivation of learning behavior 130、Ecology of Chinese endangered languages from the linguistics research 131、Multiple Angle of view of the situation comedy humor translation 132、High school English writing error analysis and its implications for English teaching 133、Based on science and technology English corpus of the behavior characteristic of heterogeneity study 134、Under the principle of parallel study of translating tang poetry into English 135、Under the background of Chinese native culture concept of cognitive metaphor study 136、Bourdieu sociological perspective of the translator Howard goldblatt rituals 137、Request for Chinese learners of English speech act of pragmatic research 138、Shakespeare's drama translation from Chinese into quantitative analysis 139、Wang zuoliang translation style research 140、Based on the theory of reference point of Chinese metaphor and metonymy of compound cognitive research 141、Of middle school English teachers from the social cognitive knowledge sources and the professional development research 142、Cognitive perspective of the People's Daily editorial (1966-1971) of critical discourse analysis 143、Translation studies under the perspective of hermeneutics "liao zhai zhi yi" 144、Under the framework of lifelong education of adult foreign language teaching research 145、Tag structure of word order typology research topics and themes 146、The study of language evaluation theory of value philosophy 147、The network resources and college students' English autonomous learning 148、China's mainstream media of loanword translation study 149、Under the perspective of register theory research on humor 150、Study on the relationship between the translation norms and the translator behavior of sociology 151、Multiple interactive English teacher school-based education model: theory and practice 152、Quine's translation of uncertainty and its revelation for the english-chinese translation 153、Identity construction and masculinity, Sherwood Anderson novel research 154、Practical wisdom to explore: research of Chinese English teachers from the social and cultural development 155、Nouns used cognitive rhetoric study 156、Miao nationality students in the development of three yuan language awareness in language acquisition 157、Construct the perspective by the translation studies 158、College English teachers' performance evaluation research 159、Based on analysis of factors influencing the style evolution of college English teaching research 160、Based on the use of Chinese translation is return model research 161、Based on the theory of subjective image composition syntactic and semantic function of Chinese study 162、Beyond the traditional/modern "discourse practice of cognitive framework - buck's writing" rural China "reading again 163、The effectiveness of the college English teachers stimulate students learning motivation strategy research 164、"The words of" cognitive research 165、English comedy film subtitle translation strategies 166、Chinese non-english major college students' foreign language listening anxiety research 167、China's college English learner autonomy to explore 168、Based on the corpus of a dream of red mansions storyteller sets of translation studies 169、"Wuthering heights" theme to achieve the functions of yuan 170、And and different history and culture under the perspective of translation study of "the analects" 171、Based on the concept of corpus of Chinese learners of English migration research 172、Vocabulary block method in the application of the middle school English teaching 173、Zhao benshan's comedy humor presupposition studies 174、Under the information technology environment of college English multiple interactive teaching model research 175、English and Chinese prepositions typology in the study of vision 176、Based on the corpus of Chinese foreign language learners writing logical connection word use research to develop argumentative essays 177、Modernity in the context of the trauma of cross-cultural writers write 178、Cross-cultural communicative competence and language testing research of interface 179、From the perspective of cross-cultural pragmatics comparing the verbal humor in sitcom 180、Alice a try to talk about Monroe Monroe's writing art works in "escape" for inheritance and innovation of classical writers 181、American cognitive research 182、The conceptualization of time and its linguistic representations 183、Corpus-based studies metaphors universality and variability 184、"The death of a salesman" the pragmatic study of discourse markers in the language 185、Alice munroe short stories of the Canadian study 186、The use of Chinese learners of English subjunctive mood disorders and teaching countermeasures 187、"Subversion" for known: Julian Barnes postmodern historical writing of the novel 188、Corporate governance research under the background of China's state-owned enterprise managers incentive problem 189、Yanan period of translation activities and impact study 190、English and Chinese request strategy theory and empirical comparison research 191、From the movie "kung fu panda 2" functional equivalence theory in subtitle translation 192、Task-based reading method in the application of junior middle school English reading teaching research 193、Translation "chu ci" study, based on the perspective of the theory of cultural anthropology 194、Lexical meaning and significance of along-wind interaction research 195、Study of contemporary the corpus of Chinese translated fiction specification 196、From the perspective of the cooperative principle and politeness principle, the situation comedy the bankruptcy sisters "verbal humor 197、"The great gatsby" feminist interpretation 198、Mo yan fatigue, translation style 199、Perspective of reception aesthetics theory of the sitcom subtitle translation study 200、Current Chinese subtitle translation study。
高质量发展下河南制造业绿色转型的问题与对策
1引言在河南省的现代化经济体系中，制造业发挥着至关重要的作用和影响，从某种程度上来说制造业已经主导了国民经济的增长。
在现代化经济发展背景下，对制造业提出了更高的要求，需要实现高质量发展。
在这样的时代背景下，针对河南制造业来说，需要做到与时俱进，针对自身的资源利用效率进行有效提升，加大创新力度，着重做好融资等方面的工作，以此促进制造业实现绿色转型升级，实现更加良好的发展，进而为河南省的持续稳定发展提供必要条件。
据此，有必要针对河南省制造业绿色转型过程中存在的问题和对策进行探讨。
2河南制造业绿色转型中存在的主要问题2.1创新力度不够，核心竞争力和影响力不强在高质量发展的要求之下，针对河南省制造业的绿色转型发展而言，需要进一步加大绿色发展的动力，在创新驱动方面着重加强，只有这样才能促进制造业绿色转型升级，获得更大的经济发展动力。
而从具体情况来看，在绿色转型过程中制造业缺乏创新动力，创新力度不足，所涉及的核心关键技术比较少，对相关核心技术的研发和创新措施的落地造成制约，缺乏应有的创新投入力度，由此导致创新力量不足，很难实现持续稳定发展。
在具体的制造业生产过程中，往往通过规模扩大的方式来驱动经济增长，并没有充分利用创新驱动力量和技术进步的强大势能促进企业实现高质量发展。
通过统计数据可以看出，河南制造业在核心技术和创新零部件装配等方面往往都需要进口，并不能充分实现独立自主生产，而此类情况使得本地企业无法和超一流的创新型企业进行竞争，进而导致自身的核心竞争力和影响力明显不足。
2.2制造业成本居高不下针对制造业转型升级工作而言，要想实现绿色发展，就需要充分实现节能降耗，最大限度地减少制造成本。
然而从具体情况来看，在河南省的制造业发展过程中，所涉及的材料成本、人工成本等都在逐步增长，特别是在人力成本方面不断上涨，很多制造业企业往往通过劳动密集型优势来生存发展。
但是在新时代背景下，以高质量发展为基本要求，需要进一步提升人力资源的优势和价值，在这样的情况下就导致劳动力成本急剧上升，由此导致很多制造业企业倾向于劳动力更为低廉的越南、印度等国家投资建厂，而这也严重限制了河南制造业的绿色发展。
采办合同管理存在的问题及对策
1引言随着我国经济的快速发展，一个企业能否在快速发展的市场中立足，关键取决于企业的管理水平，而采办合同的管理又是企业管理重要的一环。
好的管理能给企业带来更多的效益，而不良的合同管理，则会给企业造成不可估量的损失。
本文重点阐述了合同的定义、合同管理的概念及意义，并简要分析了目前企业在合同管理方面存在的问题，并对此提出了解决办法。
2采办合同管理的概念2.1合同合同，是指平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。
《合同法》把合同分为十五类，包括买卖合同，供用电、水、气、热力合同，赠与合同，借款合同等等。
不同种类的合同调整不同的法律关系，适用的法律不同，因此要区别不同种类的合同[1]。
2.2采办合同采办合同是从承包商、服务商、代理商或者厂家处有偿获得工程、物资或服务，并以书面形式明确双方各自的权利义务关系的协议。
双方均受到合同法的保护及约束。
3企业采办合同管理的特点及重要性3.1采办合同工期的不确定性在每一个采办合同中，参与到合同中的人员很多，例如甲方、承包方、施工方、供应商等等，因主观或者客观原因，很难保证每一个环节都能按照项目原有的计划进度实施。
这将导致项目工期延长，大幅增加投入的人、物、料成本。
3.2采办合同管理的系统性一个采办合同的完成，涉及多个部门，例如技术部、计划财务部、审计监察部、法律部、各需求部门等等。
涉及如此多的部门，如何能实现合同信息在各部门间有效地传递共享，提高合同审批签订效率的同时，并能够做到合规合法，这是采办合同管理的核心。
3.3企业采办合同管理的重要性对于市场来说，采办合同管理的意义在于提高企业的履约率，提高企业的诚信度，树立企业的品牌和形象，使企业立足于市场，实现长远发展。
对于企业来说，采办合同管理的意义在于一方面提高了采办合同管理存在的问题及对策The Problems and Countermeasures in Acquisition Contract Management邹岩（中海石油技术检测有限公司，天津300452）ZOU Yan（ChinaNationalPetroleum TechnologyTestingCo.Ltd.,Tianjin300452,China ）【摘要】为实现企业的健康优质发展，不能只重视经济效益，还要关注企业的管理方式。
研究生教育管理存在的问题及对策
1引言近年来，全国硕士研究生报考队伍人数逐年增加（见表1），随之而来的是录取人数也相应增加。
从教育部公布的数据来看，2019年全国考研报名人数达到了史无前例的290万人，比2018年考研人数增加了52万人，增幅达到了21.8%，考研增加人数和增长率均为近年来最高。
2015至2018年，我国高校的研究生录取人数由57万人升至76.25万人，增长了近19.25万人，增长幅度超过30%。
表1近五年全国高校研究生招生人数增长表年份20152016201720182019研究生报考人数/万人165177201238290（数据来源：中国研究生招生信息网）2研究生的特点①年龄比本科大学生普遍偏大，思想相对成熟。
从大学时代开始，学生的思想逐渐成熟，与老师和同学之间的关系处理已经形成了自己独有的方式。
相较于本科生，研究生的思想更为成熟，其具有较强的自我意识，希望与教师的对话是平等的[1]。
②研究生相对本科大学生来说对自我要求较高，读研目标明确。
我国报考研究生大致分为两类：一是大学本科毕业就业竞争激烈，选择继续深造考研；二是工作压力大，选择考研提升自身能力。
因此，选择考研的学生是对自身有一定的生活定位和期望值。
③集体意识差，对集体依赖性小。
研究生课程灵活自由，学生本身又有比较强的学习能力，大部分时间都放在自己的科研项目上，集体意识淡薄，过于看重个人得失，价值观念逐渐转变，组织观念较差，合作精神缺乏，对集体依赖性小。
④有一定的社会认知，交流相对较少。
研究生通过前置学历的锻炼，已经具有了较强的自主学习能力，需要他人帮助较少，社交范围较小。
除此之外，研究生已经形成了自己的价值观、人生观和世界观，具有独立的思想，平时与辅导员和家长的有效交流也相对较少。
3教育管理中存在的问题3.1辅导员威信不高，思想政治教育不到位，人员配置不合理研究生经过之前的学习或者工作，能够全面、独立、灵活地解决问题，其思想更加成熟，特别是现阶段的学生，每个学生都个性鲜明，在和老师的沟通中也多是希望是站在平等的立场上。
论中国古代文学教学中面临问题与应对策略
On the Chinese Ancient Literature Teaching：Problems and Countermeasures 作者： 李新宇
作者机构： 山西师范大学,山西临汾041004
出版物刊名： 忻州师范学院学报
页码： 96-98页
年卷期： 2012年 第6期
主题词： 中国古代文学 教学 改革 方法
摘要：中国古代文学是汉语言文学专业的传统学科,近年来在教学中遇到诸多问题,故而随着高等教育教学改革的深化,中国古代文学这一传统学科也在积极进行教学改革,但是在改革的过程中仍然存在着不少问题,诸如学科认识问题、教学时间问题、讲授方法问题、学习内容问题等等。
面对中国古代文学教学中遇到的新挑战,必须要从端正学科认识、转换教学目标、改革教学模式、增加课外阅读等方面思考来解决,使这一古老学科能够重新获得发展生机,再次焕发出勃勃生机。
当前铁路企业劳动合同管理工作中存在的问题、原因及对策
1铁路企业劳动合同管理工作中存在的问题①签订劳动合同的双方缺乏对劳动合同的正确认识，缺乏对其法律地位及作用的理解，致使劳动合同的签订和履行仅仅停留在书面和程序上，流于形式。
甚至存在着用人单位不与职工签订劳动合同，劳动者与用人单位形成长期事实劳动关系的现象。
②劳动合同管理制度未建立健全，制度规定不具体，操作性不强，致使管理工作不得力。
全员劳动合同制在企业实施后，有的单位疏于日常管理，或管理不到位，出现了无效合同等情况，以至发生劳动争议。
③劳动合同的签订不规范。
首先是内容不规范，主要表现在：无法人代表或委托代理人签字、职工未签字等；其次是劳动合同的签订、履行、变更、终止、解除不规范。
再有签订程序不规范。
2铁路企业劳动合同管理中问题产生的原因2.1个别单位领导依法行政的观念比较淡薄个别单位领导对劳动政策法规掌握不多，执行不严，管理不规范，仍习惯于过去的行政管理手段，忽视了劳动合同的约束激励作用，认为签订了劳动合同就万事大吉，完成了任务。
2.2加强劳动合同管理的内在动力和压力不足铁路企业中签订无固定期限劳动合同的人数多，人员流动比例小，劳动合同与职工的劳动岗位、责任、业绩、工资待遇等联系不紧密，甚至还出现了“干和不干都一样”、“干多干少都一样”、“干好干坏都一样”的状况，未发挥新型用工制度的激励和约束作用，单位感受不到加强劳动合同管理的好处。
2.3劳动合同的法规政策不全、监督检查力度不够有关劳动合同管理的具体政策规定还不够系统，特别是劳动合同签订、变更、解除、终止各环节的要求和程序还不是很具体、明确，由于劳动监察部门没有足够的人力、精力对劳动合同管理情况进行大范围的监督检查，加之现行法规对劳动合同方面存在问题的经济处罚力度不大，故难以纠正有关的违法行为。
2.4劳资、干部部门工作不协调由于现行体制的关系，铁路多数用人单位劳资、人事分设，劳资部门主要负责劳动关系，干部部门负责干部任免。
根据当前铁路企业劳动合同管理工作中存在的问题、原因及对策Problems,Causes and Countermeasures of Labor Contract Managementin Railway Enterprises卢庆华（中铁特货运输有限责任公司人力资源部，北京100860）LU Qing-hua(ChinaRailwaySpecial CargoTransportationCo.Ltd.,Human ResourcesDepartment,Beijing100860,China)【摘要】铁路企业实行全员劳动合同制以来，保证了运输生产，维护了企业和职工的合法权益。