Week 3

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英语完美读法八年级下册答案week3

英语完美读法八年级下册答案week31、Becky is having a great time ______ her aunt in Shanghai. （）[单选题] *A. to visitB. visitedC. visitsD. visiting(正确答案)2、My mother’s birthday is coming. I want to buy a new shirt ______ her.（）[单选题] *A. atB. for(正确答案)C. toD. with3、24．Kitty’s father ______ a policeman since 2 He loves helping people. [单选题] * A．isB．wasC．has been (正确答案)D．have been4、My sister _______ listen to music when she was doing her homework．[单选题] *A. used to(正确答案)B. use toC. is used toD. uses to5、--Is that the correct spelling?--I don’t know. You can _______ in a dictionary [单选题] *A. look up itB. look it forC. look it up(正确答案)D. look for it6、23．Hurry up! The train ________ in two minutes. [单选题] *A．will go(正确答案)B．goC．goesD．went7、11．________ big furniture shop it is! [单选题] *A．HowB．WhatC．What a (正确答案)D．What an8、59．—Can I talk to the manager?—Please wait ________ minute. [单选题] * A．anB．a(正确答案)C．theD．/9、_____ of the teachers in this district are women teachers. [单选题] *A. Four fifthB. Four fifths(正确答案)C. Fourth fifthsD. Four five10、The little girl held _____ in her hand. [单选题] *A. five breadsB. five piece of breadsC. five piece of breadD. five pieces of bread(正确答案)11、Wang Dong usually gets up at 6:00 _______ he can catch the early school bus. [单选题] *A. as ifB. so that(正确答案)C. untilD. after12、These oranges look nice, but _______ very sour. [单选题] *A. feelB. taste(正确答案)C. soundD. look13、We haven't heard from him so far. [单选题] *A. 到目前为止(正确答案)B. 一直C. 这么远D. 这么久14、65．There is a big sale on in the shop! Every-thing is ________ price. [单选题] *A．bigB．fullC．zeroD．half(正确答案)15、—_____ are the Olympic Games held? —Every four years [单选题] *A. How longB. How often(正确答案)C. How soonD. How far16、—Whose book is it? Is it yours?—No, ask John. Maybe it’s ______.（）[单选题] *A. hersB. his(正确答案)C. he’sD. her17、I don't know the man _____ you are talking about. [单选题] *A. who'sB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. which18、2．I think Game of Thrones is ________ TV series of the year. [单选题] * A．excitingB．more excitingC．most excitingD．the most exciting (正确答案)19、71．How beautiful the shoes look! Can I________？[单选题] * A．try it onB．try on itC．try them on(正确答案)D．try on them20、Lily is a very_____person and never wastes anything. [单选题] *A.generousB.economical(正确答案)C.economicD.efficient21、--_______ I borrow these magazines?--Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. [单选题] *A. MustB. WouldC. May(正确答案)D. Need22、15．The restaurant ________ many complaints because of the terrible service since last month. [单选题] *A．receivesB．is receivingC．has received(正确答案)D．will receive23、The students in that university are not fewer than（）in our university. [单选题] *A. the oneB. thatC. themD. those(正确答案)24、—Excuse me, how long does it ______ to walk to the library? —About 15 minutes, I’m afraid.（）[单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. spendC. costD. pay25、The carbon we produce when we breathe is much less than（）produced by a car. [单选题] *A. oneB. itC. that(正确答案)D. those26、32．There are about __________ women doctors in this hospital. [单选题] *A．two hundred ofB．two hundreds ofC．two hundredsD．two hundred (正确答案)27、We need two ______ and two bags of ______ for the banana milk shake.（）[单选题]*A. banana; yogurtB. banana; yogurtsC. bananas; yogurt(正确答案)D. bananas; yogurts28、There may be something wrong with her _______. She can’t see things clearly. [单选题] *A. eyes(正确答案)B. earsC. mouthD. nose29、12．Who will ________ the Palace Museum after Shan Jixiang retires? [单选题] *A．in chargeB．in charge ofC．be in charge of (正确答案)D．be in the charge of30、_______ hard, _______ you’ll fail in the exam. [单选题] *A. Studying; forB. Study; or(正确答案)C. To study; andD. Study; and。

week three

Passage 1: What a Firefighter’s Job Is Like①The damage that a fire can cause is obvious / and this is why the firefighters’jobs are so important. / ②Firefighters are usually the first ones responding to any type of emergency and perform many tasks, / which include putting out burning buildings , / helping out with medical emergencies , vehicle accidents and many other incidents . /③ They must make sure their equipment is clean / and all the items they use are inproper working order . / ④ Keeping their skills up to date is necessary . / ⑤ Therefore , they will be continually trained with new equipment and techniques . / ⑥ Because of the extreme conditions / and also the stress associated with the emergency situations that arise , / the firefighters definitely need to stay in shape for the work they must do ./⑦ They will stay in the fire station while on duty . /⑧ Unless they need to work on the trucks or respond to a call , / they can eat , sleep , shower and watch TV at the fire station , just like at home .Passage 6Family Life in India1 .Family life is equally varied in India states. /2 India is a country with many states / in which people are from different cultures, and so on. / 3. The languages, clothing, customs, and traditions of people are influenced by the respective regions they live in. / 4. Most of the families in India are extended ones, / in which every member has his or her own role, often influenced by age and gender. / 5. Children are cherished and considered as gifts from God. / 6. Children can look forward to continual family support their lives. / 7.However, they are expected to respect their elders and parents, their wishes and family relationships. / 8.The family structure in India is typical, / in which there are many weddings customs, / which have to be strongly followed by people. / 9.Religion, social status, traditional practices, and regional differences influence family structures. /10.Indians are more emotionally attached to the members of the family. / 11. Husbands and wives are not allowed to openly display their affection for one another.Passage7Society’s Influence on Education①Society plays an important role in education, and influences it both positively and negatively. / Social inequalities and unhealthy educational practices are some of the negative influences of society on our lives. /②Customs and traditions prevent certain section of society from exercising their fundamental rights and get in the way of the well-being society,/ shatter the basic ideas of education and social awareness. / ③Some social groups deny women’s right to education, while others forces children to work, /④depriving them form a healthy environment which is good to their growth and development. /⑤Education is one of the basic human rights./⑦ If social norms come in the way of social welfare, /⑥it defeats the purposes of education. Society is an entity that can’t be separated from us. / ⑧It is we who make up the society./⑨It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it.Passage 8Choosing the Perfect Hair Color1. Coloring your hair is one way to express your individuality. /2. Choosing the right hair color can be confusing / whether you want to cover gray hair or give yourself a newfresh look. / 3. If you are clear about what you want exactly, / it can help while choosing the hair color that is right for you. / 4. You can achieve the most flattering look, / if you consider your skin make-up and eye color. / 5. Hair color that balances your complexion gives the best results. / 6.For covering gray hair, you can select a shade close to your natural hair color. / 7.Hair highlights are another way to improve your overall look. / 8. Highlights can look fascinating and make an attractive impression. / 9. They add depth and dimension to the bass color or natural hair. / 10. Different hair colors suit different complexions. / 11. In order to choosing a suitable hair color, / you need to identify the right combination.9.Traditional Brazilian Clothing①Brazil is known internationally for its stylish and sophisticated clothing. ②/ Brazil clothes are comfortable, vivid, beautifully crafted and decorated with attractive laces. / ③Traditional Brazil clothing is influenced by a combination of a different races and immigration form all over the world. / ④ A traditional Brazil clothing can be seen in the countryside, /⑤where men’s clothing includes shirt, jeans and dresses made from inexpensive cotton. /⑥In the south of Brazil, the cowboys wear a distinct hat and leather trousers. / In the urban area of Brazil, most people prefer modern clothing./⑦ Young men wear jeans and T-shirts. /⑧ Short skirts and dresses are very popular among women. / ⑨Brazil jeans are very common / ⑩and they come in a wide variety of styles and textures. Jeans made for women are tight-fitting near the feet. / Due to abundance of the beautiful beaches, / beachwear is a very popular clothing in Brazil.。

【暑假作业】新高三---Week Three Day Tw

【暑假作业】新高三年级Week ThreeDay Two【基础巩固】一、单句语法填空。

1. In the early ________(fifty), researchers found that people scored higher on intelligence tests if they spoke more than one language.2. She is the ________(twelve) tutor, who has come to look after his children since their mother died.3. In the summer holiday following my ________ (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.4. Two ________ (five) of the land in this district is covered with trees and grass.5. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the ________ (one) woman to join the US Supreme Court.6. Without a ________ (two) thought, the woman decided to take the chance.7. The ruler is longer than that one by ________ (two).8. The old man goes to the park every ________ (three) day, jogging with his fellows.二、篇章语法填空People 1_________ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred 2_________ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four 3_________ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need 4_________ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. 5_________ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary 6__________ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books 7__________ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet 8_________ new word, look it 9_________ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your 10__________ (much) useful book.【阅读提升】CWhat Is a Boy?Between the innocence of babyhood and the seriousness of manhood we find a delightful creature called a "boy". Boys come in different sizes, weights, and colors, but all boys have the same belief: to enjoy every second of every minute of every hour of every day and to fill the air with noise until the adult males send them off to bed at night.Boys are found everywhere--on top of under, inside of, climbing on, swinging from, running around, or jumping to. Mothers spoil them, little girls hate them, older sisters and brothers love them, and God protects them. A boy is TRUTH with dirt on its face, BEAUTY with a cut on its finger, WISDOM with chocolate in its hair, and the HOPE of the future with a snake in its pocket.When you are busy, a boy is a trouble-maker and a noise. When you want him to make a good impression, his brain turns to jelly or else he becomes a wild creature destroying the world and himself with it.A boy is a mixture--he has the stomach of a horse, the digestion of stones and sand, the energy of an atomic bomb, the curiosity of a cat, the imagination of a superman, the shyness of asweet girl, the brave nature of a bull, the violence of a firecracker (鞭炮), but when you ask him to make something, he has five thumbs on each hand.He likes ice cream, knives, saws, Christmas, comic books, woods, water (in its natural habitat), large animals, Dad, trains, Saturday mornings, and fire engines. He is not much for Sunday schools, company, schools, books without pictures, music lessons, neckties, barbers, girls, overcoats, adults, or bedtime.Nobody else is so early to rise, or so late to supper. Nobody else gets so much fun out of trees, dogs, and breezes. Nobody else can put into one pocket a rusty knife, a half-eaten apple, a three-foot rope, six cents and some unknown things.A boy is a magical creature--he is your headache but when you come home at night with only destroyed pieces of your hopes and dreams, he can mend them like new with two magic words, "Hi, Dad!"1. The whole passage is in a tone of ________.A. humor and affectionB. anger and disappointmentC. hope and expectationD. confidence and imagination2. What's the meaning of the underlined sentence?A. He has altogether five fingers.B. He is slow, foolish and clumsy.C. He becomes clever and smart.D. He cuts his hand with a knife.3. According to the writer, boys appreciate everything in the following except ________.A. ice creamB. comic booksC. Saturday morningsD. Sunday schools4. What does the writer feel about boys?A. He feels curious about their noise.B. He is tired of these creatures.C. He is amazed by their naughtiness.D. He feels unsafe staying with them.DIn colleges around the country, most students are also workers.The reality of college can be pretty different from the images presented in movies and television. Instead of the students who wake up late, party all the time, and study only before exams, many colleges are full of students with pressing schedules of not just classes and activities, but real jobs, too.This isn’t a temporary phenomenon. The share of working students has been on the rise since the 1970s, and one-fifth of students work year round. About one-quarter of those who work while attending school have both a full-course load and a full-time job. The arrangement can help pay for tuition (学费) and living costs, obviously. And there’s value in it beyond the direct cause: such jobs can also be critical for developing important professional and social skills that make it easier to land a job after graduation. With many employers looking for students with already-developed skill sets, on-the-job training while in college can be the best way to ensure a job later on.But it’s not all upside. Even full-time work may not completely cover the cost of tuition and living expenses. The study notes that if a student worked a full-time job at the federal minimum wage, they would earn just over $15,000 each year, certainly not enough to pay for tuition, room, and board at many colleges without some serious financial aid. That means that though they’re sacrificing time away from the classroom, many working students will still graduate with at leastsome debt. And working full time can reduce the chance that students will graduate at all, by cutting into the time available for studying and attending classes.There is little reward for attending but not finishing college. Students who end up leaving school because of difficulty in managing work and class are likely to find themselves stuck in some of the same jobs they might have gotten if they hadn’t gone at all. The difficulty of working too much while in school can create a cycle that pushes students further into debt without receiving any of the financial or career benefits.5. According to the passage, the reality of college students is that ________.A. they throw parties a lotB. they stay up late every nightC. they work besides attending classesD. they pay no attention to exams6. What is the indirect cause of an increasing number of working students?A. The need of developing social networks.B. The lack of summer jobs for young adults.C. The chance of finding a job after graduation.D. The expenses of high tuition and living costs.7. We can learn from the passage that _________.A. working students are more likely to finish collegeB. students can cover their college expenses through workingC. students receive a huge reward for managing work and classD. working while attending school may not help students get career benefits8. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Difficulties of Landing a JobB. The Struggle of Work-School BalanceC. The Reward of Working While StudyingD. The Images of Working College Students【作文训练】一、请把下列句子翻译成英语(括号中的提示词必须用，且不能更改词性，否则不能得分)。

中考英语阅读复习Week3-Wednesday课件

communication problem?
A. Parents and children of all ages.
B. Only school kids and their parents.
C. Parents and other people.
D. Parents and babies.
( A )2. Which of the following has the closest meaning
( B )2. Which of the following is UNICEF short for? A. The China Children and Teenagers' Fund.
B. The United Nations Children's Fund.
C. The World Wide Fund for Nature.
②Don't argue with your parents. Your parents probably won't consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can't express yourself well if you are angry. Go somewhere to cool off. Make sure you
to the underlined word “bridge”?
A. Reduce.
B. Leave.
C. Open.
D. Lose.
( C )3. If the values of your parents are different from those of yours, what should you do?

CCC WEEK 3 语言决定论语言与价值

• 3. From which country does the following proverbs originate?
• A hollow drum makes the most noise.
• A barking dog is never a good hunter
• Japan / Korea
• The crying baby gets the milk;
• The squeaky wheel gets the oil.
•? • America
Group Work
• 1. Can you find an equivalent phrase in Chinese?
• 2. What value does this proverb advocate?
the South Sea Islands
Arabic Countries
Even if we do not have the language, we still notice/ perceive it.
➢oyster(牡蛎)指沉默寡言的人 ➢eager beaver(卖力的河狸)急于成事而特别卖力的人 ➢American Dream(美国梦)
(Larry A, Samovar, Richard E. Porter & Lisa A. Stefani, 1998)
➢ The ability to relate to others and interact effectively across cultures.
A. Cultural Quotient
b) 2
5. The strong version, linguistic determinism means:

week 3限定词

（4）只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词）
有些限定词如a 有些限定词如 (little) bit of，a large amount of，a great ，， deal of，(a) little，much，less，(the) least等只能与不可数名词，，，，等只能与不可数名词搭配。搭配。 a bit of water (a) little space a large amount of money less oil much noise (the) least oil
还有些限定词如a 还有些限定词如 lot of，lots of，plenty of，enough，more，，，，，， most，such，other等可与复数名词和不可数名词搭配。例如：等可与复数名词和不可数名词搭配。，，等可与复数名词和不可数名词搭配例如：
a lot of books lots of chickens plenty of chairs enough copies more articles most people such men other men
（5）能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词）能与单、
有些限定词如the first，the second，the last，the next等既可有些限定词如，，，等既可与单数名词搭配，也可与复数名词搭配。例如：与单数名词搭配，也可与复数名词搭配。例如： the first rose the last men the first roses the last man the next meeting the next meetings
（3）只能与复数名词搭配的限定词）
有些限定词如both，two，three，another two／three，many ，有些限定词如，，／，，(a) few，several，these，those，a (great) number of等只能与复，，，，等只能与复数名词搭配。例如：数名词搭配。例如： both workers (a) few words several students these／those books a number of essays two／three visitors ／／ many students another two students

Week 3答案及原文

Conversation 11. They remember the people who are already dead in their close family on that day.2. Only two days.3. They only keep it within the family.4. They just go on vacations to the beach and celebrate and go to concerts.Conversation 21. spark2. instantly3. growth4. proposed5. definitely6. fitting7. beforehand8. serious9. attracted 10. stagePassage 11. embody2. sacrifice3. bargain4. recession5. durable6. soar7. inequality8. mobility9. shadow 10. priority11. reverse 12. resolve 13. reflect 14. envyPassage 211. A 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. BPassage 31. logical2. figures3. impressive4. gradual5. strategic6. acquire7. touched8. handling9. atmosphere 10. undesirable11. constructive 12. evaluate 13. prejudices 14.controversial 15. objective Passage 411. sunset 12. emotion 13. gateway 14. aesthetic 15. intensely 16. imagined 17. convey 18. undeniable19. There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautifulthat it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty20. if this world is not merely a bad joke, life a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars21. if we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter it, nor should we seek to invest withsignificance that which we cannot grasp.Listening ScriptConversation 1Daniel: Hi Olga, how are you?Olga: Fine, Daniel, how are you?Daniel: Good, thanks. I wanted to ask you something. I'm really interested about Mexican holidays.Olga: What?Daniel: Can you tell me something about it?Olga: Sure but what do you want to know? I mean why are you interested in Mexican holidays? Daniel: What kind of holidays you have, what do you do in those holidays?Olga: Well my favorite holiday is the Dìa de los Muertos, the Day of the Dead.Daniel: What is it?Olga: What do you think about when you hear Day of the Dead?Daniel: I don't know. It's a bit scary, isn't it?Olga: Yeah, kind of but actually for us Mexicans it's not really scary. We're so used to it.Actually that day we celebrate the, not celebrate but remember the people who are already dead especially in our close family.Daniel: OK.Olga: We put an altar for them which is like a big table decorated with flowers, bread, coffee or whatever the person that is dead used to like and we think that on that day that person is going to come back from the dead.Daniel: Really?Olga: Yeah and visit us and maybe eat the food.Daniel: OK.Olga: It's on November first, the second too. The second, the altar is still there and after that we just take everything off and go on with our lives.Daniel: You keep the altar only on the first and the second?Olga: Yeah.Daniel: OK and do you do it just for your family or do you go and visit friends or other relatives? Olga: No, we only keep it within the family actually.Daniel: OK.Olga: Well sometimes we do it at school but still it's just like you know to keep the tradition but usually in the family.Daniel: OK.Olga: Well another holiday I can think about is Easter. You have Easter too in Chile?Daniel: Yes, we do have Easter.Olga: Easter we actually don't keep it traditional any more.Daniel: What do you mean?Olga: You know traditionally we make plays where we represent Jesus and the moment when he died and everything right? But you know we don't reflect about it any more. We just go on vacations to the beach and celebrate and you know go to concerts and stuff.Daniel: Just as Chilean people do.Olga: I guess it's kind of a trend now right?Daniel: Yeah. We don't really think a lot about Easter.Olga: Yeah.Conversation 2Maria: So do you believe in love at first sight?Alex: Yea, I think it does exist. I think you can have a sort of 1 spark at first sight, but what I consider as love is a bit different to what that first kind of meeting would be. If you can having something like and then you think that person has a real possibility, I think that's what you mean by love at first sight, but you can't 2 instantly love someone. It takes 3 growth.Maria: That's true.Alex: It takes coming together, shared experiences and that sort of stuff but, you know, I think for some people, my parents actually met at a guitar concert and it was a total mistake. They thought, no, seriously, it was a total mistake. They thought that each other was in the same group and it turned out they were on separate groups and then things went from there. He 4 proposed after five weeks.Maria: Wow.Alex: And actually had to, he proposed in front of the fax machine while his divorce was being finalized.Maria: Oh my God.Alex: To his first wife so...Maria: What a romantic story.Alex: So, and twenty years later you know, so it took one conversation in a guitar concert so I've seen it, you know, I guess that spark 5 definitely exists in them.Maria: I guess if you call it attraction at first sight, it's way more 6 fitting?Alex: Yeah.Maria: That's what I feel at least. I've seen, I have friends who experienced, like one of my friends at my university now, she experienced love at first sight, like she saw the guy and she thought that's the guy I want to marry. So I never tried anything like that but I heard it happen and I see it happening now because she's still way head over heels for this guy. Alex: I think if you decide the person that you're going to marry when you see them, you're a little bit insane.Maria: Well, insanity is a good point.Alex: I suppose.Maria:: She is a little bit insane, yeah. She had a very sad love story 7 beforehand. A guy she was in love with for two and a half years who knew but he didn't, I think they actually did date a little but he didn't want to be 8 serious about it.Alex: Yeah.Maria: So I guess she's more, she wants it to be serious but I never tried. Like I think the peopleI've been in love with it has taken time and it's taken at least half a year before I've felt that there was more. Like I could be 9 attracted to them but the love part, the really wanting to be with this person came later because I didn't want take, I didn't want to get serious at least immediately.Alex: Yeah, I think after that sort of six month puppy love 10 stage where it's so new and exciting and you're learning all about the other person, that's when it starts to get like I think you start to feel the strong...Maria: But I mean also like if there was a guy I didn't even date but we were talking together for half a year and when we met, because it was internet, and he was in Holland and I was in Denmark so we met after half a year. We first met on a trip. So we met and then I could feel it grow but it took me half a year to slowly and safely just get to the point where I could actually feel something. It didn't work out but...Alex: Ah well, what can you do?Maria: Yeah, I tried.Passage 1Remarks of President Barack ObamaWeekly AddressThe White HouseAugust 31, 2013Hi, everybody. This Labor Day weekend, as we gather with family and friends, we’ll also come together as a nation to honor some of our own – the working men and women of America who, across the generations, built this country up and helped make us who we are today.On Monday, we’ll celebrate that proud history.We’ll pay tribute to the values working Americans 1 embody – hard work; responsibility; 2 sacrifice; looking out for one another. And we’ll recommit ourselves to their cause; to securing for them a better 3 bargain so that everyone who works hard in America has a chance to get ahead.See, over the past four and a half years, we’ve fought our way back from the worst 4 recession of our lifetimes. And thanks to the grit and resilience of the American people, we’ve begun to lay a foundation for stronger, more 5 durable economic growth. But as any working family will tell you, we’re not where we need to be.For over a decade, working Americans have seen their wages and incomes stagnate, even as corporate profits 6 soar and the pay of a fortunate few explodes. For even longer than that, 7 inequality has steadily risen; the journey of upward 8 mobility has become harder. And in too many communities across this country, the 9 shadow of poverty continues to cast a pall over our fellow citizens.Reversing that trend needs to be Washington’s highest 10 priority. It’s certainly mine.That’s why, over the past month, I’ve traveled all across America, laying out my ideas for how we can build on the cornerstones of what it means to be middle class. A good job that pays a good wage. A good education. A home of your own. Health care when you get sick. A secure retirement even if you’re not rich.And more chances for folks to earn their way into the middle class as long as they’re willing to work for it.The tr uth is, it’s not going to be easy to 11 reverse the forces that have conspired – for decades –against working Americans. But if we take a few bold steps – and if Washington is able to come together with common purpose and common 12 resolve –we’ll get th ere. Our economy will keep getting stronger and more Americans will be able to join the ranks of the middle-class.So this Labor Day, while you’re out there grilling in the backyard, or taking that final trip for the summer, I hope you’ll also take a mome nt to 13 reflect on the many contributions of our working men and women. For generations, it was the great American middle class that made our economy the 14 envy of the world. And as long as I’m President, I’m going to keep fighting to make sure that happens again.Thanks, and have a great weekend.大家好。

语言学Week 3

Allophones

音位变体：属于同一个音位而没有辨义作用的不同音素。 1. 条件变体(conditioned variant): 只出现在特定的语言环境中的变体。 /p/ → [p] / [s] ________ [ph] elsewhere 相似例子：/p, t, k/ The allophones are both phonetically similar and in complementary distribution. (互补分布；they never occur in the same context.
Suprasegmentals
Suprasegmental features --- those aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. = stress, tone, intonation

1. The Syllable Structure

E.g. [consonantal] [sonorant] [nasal] [voiced] ---发音方法 Binary features --- to group the features into two categories: one with this feature and the other without. e.g. Consonant [+consonantal] Vowel [-consonantal]

The primary stress [′] The secondary stress [′]

The Sentence Level (notional words; to express surprise, emphasis, etc.) E.g. John bought a red bicycle. 1 2 3 4

科兴CBS week3课堂版

Vocabulary Session 11. Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has______ the quality of the programs.A) lessened B) declined C) affectedD) effectedLessen diminish shrinkIt is _____ that____________.ConflictThey have to _____ the supply of water due to drastic water shortage.[a] decline [b] diminish [c] vanish [d] expand/extendThe Internet in a sense has ______ theworld.[a] prolonged [b] shrunk[c] expanded [d] stretchedDiscreteDeclineturn down reject 近义词：dismissAffectTrading has been adversely affected by the downturn in consumer spending.exert influence on近义词have an impact onRestrain constrain Restrict confineHinder hamperImpede2. There is a fully ______ health center on the ground floor of the main office building.A) installed B) equipped C) provided D) projected ConferEquip:The rooms are equipped with video cameras.Well/poorly/fully equippedWe equip students with the skills they will need once they leave the college.--- equip...with...Equipment:近义词：apparatusappliance implements instruments facilities The hotel has its own pool and leisure facilities.The professor will sooninstall a new assistant. Project:形近词：Eject inject reject dejectedPose imposeCompose propose ExposeGovernment expenditure is projected to rise by 3% next year.During the debate, the presidential candidates have sought to project a much tougher image.The technician will _____ new softwares on your computer.[a] equip [b] install [c] facilitate [d] projectA number of football fans had been ____ from the bar for causing troubles.[a] transmitted [b] ejected [c] shifted [d] transferred从以下单词找出install projectequip 的近义词cast facilitate reckon scheme inaugurate put...in placefurnish3. For more than 20 years, we've been supporting educational programs that _____ from kindergartens to colleges.A) move B) shift C) range D) spreadShift convert transferI didn't use to like opera but my husband has _____ me.He _____ the property to his son before he passed away.The new policy _____ the emphasisaway from fighting inflation.Range:Widen the scope of ..Students from a wide/broad/whole/full range of b ackgroundsThe show had a massive audience, ranging from children to grandparents.Point--- appoint sign ---assign相似构词变化AccelerateClaim ---- acclaimMode ---- accommodateCompany ---- accompany AccomplishCord --- accord AccumulateCustom --- accustom Knowledge --- acknowledge Activity ---- activate Accuse allegeLevel --- alleviateProve --- approveRange --- arrangeArrayCertain --- ascertainSure--- assureAssembleAssumeConsume presume resumeAffirmConfirm和range 意近词汇Range span scale sphere domain latitude extent4. The ______ at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.A) convention B) confinementC) principle D) disciplineConvention1. 大会；集会conference assemblysummit rally2. 公约；协定agreement pact treaty3. 习俗，惯例，常规behavior and attitudes that most people in a society consider normal and right custom norm propriety formality对比：discipline the practice of trainingpeople to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not Rigid:【方法体制等】严格死板近义词：stiff inflexible unvarying severe rigorous sternWe should be a strong believer in _____ morals.[a] habitual [b] customary[c] conventional [d] rigid5. The test results are beyond______; they have been repeated in labs all over the world.A) negotiation B) conflict C) bargain D) disputeBeyond + n 可表示什么含义? Beyond belief beyond doubtBeyond the boundaries ofBeyond your capabilityBeyond one's comprehensionBeyond one' controlThey are within/beyond the reach of theirparents.The matter was settled beyond dispute by the court judgment.Beyond hope beyond reason beyond repairIt's hard for us to reconcile the differences among people.Negotiate 近义词Consult reach a compromise confer mediateIConflict:(two ideas, beliefs, opinions) cannot exist together or both be trueConflictingopinions/demands/interests contradictconflict with 近义表达法Clash with collide withbe incompatible withBe inconsistent with Dispute:对比refute驳倒；驳斥Dispute the facts in the textbookRefute a hypothesis Dispute with an opponent refute an opponent Few would dispute that....It is acknowledged that...It goes beyond dispute that...It is irrefutable that...6.It ______ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy both.A) presents B) entitles C) credits D) tipsPersevere in /withConform to/withBe consistent withConsist ofConsist inDispose dispose ofBe disposed to doDisposal dispositionEntitle:Full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance.近义词：authorize grant enable empowerCredit:Credit for this win goes to everybody in the team.The healing power might be credited to someherbal ingredients in the pill.归因于Be attributed toBe ascribed toContribute toCreditable incredibleHe seems to be incredulous of your proposal.RespectableRespectfulTip:He tipped his chair back on its rear legs. These factors tip the balance in favor of his rival.7.Deserts and high mountains have always been a ______ to the movement of people from place to place.A) barrier B) fence C) prevention D) jam Barrier：近义词obstacle obstruction hurdle impediment hindrance handicapSpectatorObstacleObstruction instrumentProblems with childcare remain the biggest barrier to women succeeding at work.8. In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning to set up some ______ shops in the residential area.A) flowing B) drifting C) mobileD) fluctuatingMobile:Mobile workforceShe is mo re mobile now with her own car.Mobile library/shop/clinicThe team leader mobilized his employees.Drift:Smoke/ a raft is drifting. He spent years drifting around Europe.9. It was the first time that such a ______had to be taken at a British nuclear power station.A) presentation B) precaution C) preparation D) predictionCaution:Business leaders are cautioning against hasty action that would hamper sustainable growth.Remind sb of doing sth.Alert sb to sth.We should alert our educators to the growing pressure among students.Cautious 近义词Be aware of be alert toBe attentive toCondition vt.Condition sb to do10. ______ that he wasn't happy with the arrangements, I tried to book a different hotel.A) Perceiving B) Penetrating C) Puzzling D) PreservingPenetrate 有洞察，看穿的含义，为何不选？Science has been penetrating the mysteries of nature.My eyes couldn't penetrate the gloom. Perceive:Invade pervadeInsist persistperseverePerplex1. Understand or think of something in a particular wayBe seen as....Be acknowledged as...Be perceived as...... has been acknowledged as... whereas I would perceive it as... IndispensableChildren who do badly in school tests oftenperceive themselves to be failure.2. Notice, see or recognize somethingThat morning, he perceived a change in his friend's moodWe differ from one another due to different perceptions and experiences.This is a highly perceptive comment.Perceive近义词：discern identify detect catch sight of形近词：receive deceive conceive Perceptive perception近义词insightful observant sensitive形近词perspective n. (深刻的）见解Spect ator 旁观者Spectacle 奇观胜景Retrospect 回想Perception perceptiveProspect 前景；可能性Visionprospective adj. Prospective Perceptive Perspective透视见解SpectatorSpectacle obstacleProspect prospectiveVisionRetrospect in retrospectPerception perceptiveInsightfulPuzzle近义词：perplex confuse bewilder baffle Preserve:save something or someone from being harmed or destroyed; make it continue without changingPreserve ey es ightpreserve world p eac ePreserve on e's reputati on preserve the integrity of territory She is well preserved at her forties. preserve food形近词：reserve deserve conserve对比：Conserve: protect something and prevent it from changing Conservewoodlands/energy/environmentSession 11-10 复习题This is within the _____ of my responsibility.[a] sphere [b] scale [c] span [d] rangeWe try our best to ____ him intoaccepting the tough terms.[a] dispute [b] refute [c] caution [d] negotiateShe went ____ with panic, not knowing what was wrong.[a] mobile [b] rigid [c] severe [d] flexibleNokia is scheming to ____ a new design for the cell phone.[a] perceive [b] conceive [c] receive [d] preserveThe _____ employees will be subjected to rigorous training.[a] perspective [b] prospective[c] perceptive [d] deceptive11. The board of the company has decided to ______ its operations toinclude all aspects of the clothing business.A) multiply B) lengthen C) expand D) stretchMultiply:to increase by a large amount or number （使）大大增加，（使）倍增Smoking multiplies the risk of heart attacks and other health problems. 对比：1. to become larger in size, number or amount, or to make something become largerWater expands as it freezes.The world population has been expanding rapidly.2. 扩展（业务）The hotel wants to expand its business by adding a new swimming pool.Multiply:近义词 1. become numerous proliferate accumulate2 breed reproduce propagateLengthen:I need to lengthen the skirt.The days lengthened as summer approached.练习：对比思考以下各组词汇有什么地方完全不同？Lengthen prolong enlargemaintain sustain retainpersist insist preserve conserve shrink lessen extend multiplyIn spite of financial recession, the multinational company decided to_____ its operations in North America.[a] shrink [b] dwindle [c] enlarge [d] extend12. His business was very successful, but it was at the ______ of his family life.A) consumption B) credit C) exhaustion D) expenseOver the past ten years, natural gas production has remained steady, but __________ has risen steadily.A) dissipationB) disposalDispose ofC) consumption Consume time Consume energy Assume presume Resume consume ReviveD) expenditureGovernment expenditure on educationExpense:1: cost; paymen tLegal/medical/living/trave l expenses 2: sacrifice;lossWe must have freedom and independence at any expense.形近词：expenditureexpeditionBe a barrier to...ObstacleSpectacleInstrumentObstructionImpedeImpedimentHinder hindranceexpansion对比：tax revenue permanent incomeYou will have to _____ much of your sparetime in reading extensively.[a] exhaust [b] consume [c] drain [d]dissipateExhaust oneself to do13.First published in 1927, the charts remain an ______ source for researchers.Be proper to...Be preferable to...The dark suit is proper to the evening.Be identical to/with IdentifyIdentify withA) identical B) indispensableC) intelligent D) inevitable indispensable: = essentialThe book is indispensable to anyone interested in this sphere.Meat is not indispensable for maintaining a healthy diet.Let's dispense with the formalities, shall we?对比：Inevitable:A further escalation of the crisis n ow seems inevitable.Inevitable consequence Inevitably, Accordingly,找出以下词汇中indispensable 和inevitable 各自的近义词compulsory requisitecrucial vitalinescapable unavoidable相似构词法单词Innumerable invaluable invariable inaccessible incomprehensible Irreversible irresistible illegitimate irrefutableimmobile inconceivableUnbelievable Sth is _______IrrespectiveWith/without regard toIn disregard of...With respect to=with regard to... Respectful respectableHis income is _____Respective Irrespective of...=despite Disrespectfulimperceptible Perception14. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco asa ______ for smoking.A) relief B) revival C) substitute D) succession对比：Lunch will be preceded by a short speech from the chairman.An epidemic like this is without precedent.This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale. SubstitutWe shoul for a balaRenewab substitut对比：Tourism as the n Replace playerCede ceed 的其他相关词recede concede 形近词：Instituproceed exceed intercede mediate Process Procession Possession参照impedePedalHumans are bipedal.建立const Substitu InstructUnder e be empo presiden [a] repla[b] subs[c] alter Relief: Sign with It is a re Relie tension/ Relieve 近义词Allev ease dimin Ease After se peoplethe old [a] pres [c] revivSuccee SucceedHe is detOne ideaThe vice-the death以下单词做vt.和Decline dispA succesdoor.People arsuccessoSuccessideal with15. When carbon is added to iron inproper ______the result is steel.A) rates B) thicknesses C) proportions D)densitiesThe chart displays the _____ between profits and incomes.[a] rate [b] ratio [c] coincidence[d] oddsThe job demands _____ concentration.[a] tense [b] dense [c] intense[d] extensive16.You should try to ______ your ambition and be more realistic.A) reserve B) restrain C) retain D) replace17. Now that spring is here, you can ______ these fur coats till you need them again next winter.A) put over B) put away C) put off D) put down18.At yesterday's party, Elizabeth's boyfriend amused us by ______ Charlie Chaplin.A) copying B) following C) imitating D) modeling19.The group of technicians are engaged in a study which ______ all aspects of urban planning.A) inserts B) grips C) performs D) embraces20. The lecture which lasted about three hours was so ______ that the audience couldn't help yawning.A) tedious B) bored C) clumsy D) tired。

Week3英语专业阅读教程

• The animal rights movement overlooked the cruelty to food animals in the past.
• Since the late 1990s, PETA has waged a war against fast food companies for supporting a system of cruelty, and it has succeeded in many ways.
Extensive Reading For English Course Majors
Week 3
Contents
• This week’s topic: Maltreatment of food animals
2
Teaching Procedure
• Text Study • Additional Task • This Week’s Assignment
k
largest animal rights organization in the world.
g
Founded in 1980, PETA is dedicated to
r
establishing and protecting the rights of all
o
animals. PETA focuses on the four areas in
e
getting,
random,
n • Exapclhaienvtihnegwords in red.
haphazard
s • According to the latter part of the article, what

Week 3 Style and Purpose 风格与目的 ppt课件

freely.
----Randolph Quirk
3
What is style?
1. variation in a person’s speech or writing
Style usually varies from casual to formal according to the type of situation, the person or person addressed, the location, the topic discussed, etc. A particular style, e.g. a formal style or a colloquial style, is sometimes referred to as a stylistic variety.
• Good formal style informs the individual separately, so that his future planning may be the more discriminate (明晰）.
• Good frozen style, finally, lures（引诱） him into educating himself, so that he may the more confidently see what role he chooses.”
7
• The first three of Joos’s “clocks” are all informal: (1) intimate, the language used between, say, a husband and wife, almost nonverbal; (2) casual, for friends, acquaintances, insiders, making use of slang, ellipses, and verbal formulas; (3) consultative, language used in negotiating with strangers, distant acquaintances, or colleagues of unequal rank.

牛津上海版九年级下册《Week 3 阶段培优3：形容词和副词》2021年同步练习卷(附答案详解)

牛津上海版九年级下册《Week 3 阶段培优3：形容词和副词》2021年同步练习卷1.Our family has bought a car,so we can travel ______ than before. （easy）2.When a spacecraft centers the earth's atmosphere,it travels ______ . （rapid）3.You'd better wait a little ______ Peter and Tom will come soon. （long）4.The snowstorm which hit this area last night was ______ in recent years.（heavy）5.It seemed ______ that the girl could save a lot of people in the Tsunami,but she really did.（possible）6.E-mails can work much ______ than traditional letters. （efficiency）7.The Mars is far ______ to us than the Pluto.We wish we could live on it one day. （close）8.The girl looked ______ at the strange man because he looked so strong and evil. （timid）9.We are ______ sorry about her latest news that she has been laid off. （true）10.He said that he would arrive at the scene ______ . （immediate）11.Twenty minutes ______ ，Bethune operated on the leg of the last wounded soldier. （late）12.Excuse me,could you tell me the ______ way to the Jinmao Tower？（near）13.He exclaimed ______ ，"I got an 'A' in the English test." （cheer）14.Jack's ______ brother is four years ______ than him. （old）15.She can speak ______ in front of Mack,but she can't eat ______ in his restaurant. （free）16. A ______ road goes ______ from our college to the exhibition centre. （straight）17.Guo Yue did quite ______ at the World Table Tennis Championship,but Zhang Yiningdid even ______ . （good）18.These years,the number of cars has risen ______ in China,which makes the air qualityhave a ______ change. （drama）19.Such a ______ person can memorize the date of this ceremony.What a（n）______ thingit is! （forget）20.The newly-invented submarine can get somewhere as ______ as 7，000 metres in theoceans.Almost every Chinese is ______ moved by this great event. （deep）21.kind dirty little often good freezeThe small lake is ______ .The children can skate on it.Your grandmother is ill.You should take ______ care of her.We got over the difficulties because of his ______ .People drink ______ water in winter than in summer .Because of the pollution,the small river becomes even ______ .To finish his research paper,Frank goes to the library ______ than before.22.since much too yet in just muchShe has ______ left.Perhaps you can still see her if you hurry up.This book is ______ better than that one,because it is more reader-friendly.They have lived here ______ ten years ago and now they love this city very much.She told me she would come back ______ three months.Mary asked her brother if he had finished his lunch ______I think this pair of shoes is ______ big for this little girl.23.It's always difficult in a foreign country,_____ if you can't speak the language.A. extremelyB. naturallyC. basicallyD. especially24.— He is slow in studying.I wonder how he could get good results in the exam.—No wonder he is always _______.A. livelyB. hard-workingC. kind-heartedD. helpful25.After the new technique is introduced this year,the factory will produce _______machines as those of last year.A. as many twiceB. as twice manyC. twice as manyD. twice many as26.Don't worry.We've got _______ for all of you.A. big enough a roomB. enough big a roomC. a big enough roomD. a room enough big27.The modern machine proved _______ in heart surgery.A. high valuableB. highly valuableC. valuable highD. valuable highly28.Mr John and his _______ daughter do not always understand each other.A. olderB. the oldestC. eldestD. the eldest29.Although the medicine tastes _______ ，it seems to help improve my condition.A. too much bitterB. much too bitterC. bitterlyD. too bitterly30.When she got her first month salary,Betty bought herself _______ dress.A. a silk blue expensiveB. an expensive blue silkC. a blue expensive silkD. a silk expensive blue31.They hardly believe that the apartment which costs them ＄4，000 is _______ .A. so smallB. such littleC. so littleD. such small32.I don't know what her interests are,because we talk about work when we meet.（）A. luckilyB. mainlyC. safelyD. clearly33.If a claim is kept _______ it is more likely to be recognized.A. liveB. livedC. aliveD. living34.The plane is scheduled to arrive _______ because of terrible weather.A. latelyB. lateC. laterD. latest35.The students are _______ young people between the age of seventeen and twenty.A. mostB. almostC. mostlyD. at most36.-What do you think of the match？-Wonderful!The Chinese team has never played __________.（）A. betterB. bestC. worseD. worst37.We keep writing to each other_______ ，even when we don't have much to say.A. step by stepB. by and byC. now and thenD. more or less38.—Hello!Golden Sun Hotel．Can I help you？—Do you have a room for this weekend？（）A. availableB. usefulC. emptyD. possible39.You will have to practice _______ times before you can do it.A. many moreB. more severalC. more oftenD. more many40.—May I have another hamburger？—You'd better not.You shouldn't play sports on a _______ stomach.A. hotB. hungryC. fatD. full41.This blue T-shirt is too dear.Could you show me a _______ one？A. cheapB. cheaperC. cheapestD. the cheapest42.Your application will be considered _______your file is completed.A. as quickly asB. as soon asC. as fast asD. as early as43.When the three boys met one another,they found they looked very much _______ .Thenthey knew they were triplets.A. likeB. alikeC. sameD. familiar44.—When is Tom going to leave？—He is going to leave _______ this week.A. sometimesB. some timeC. sometimeD. some times45.-The electric fan can ________ blow away the terrible smell in the room,can it？-It's hard to say,but you may have a try.（）A. easilyB. hardlyC. quicklyD. finally46.I have been going to Los Angeles _______ than I used to.A. lesserB. lessC. fewerD. less often47.English is _______ used language in the world.A. the most wideB. a most wideC. the most widelyD. a most widely48.—The music sounds so _______.Do you like it？—No.It _______ noise to me.A. beautiful；soundsB. beautifully；hears likeC. beautifully；hearsD. beautiful；sounds like49.Would you please open the windows？There isn't _______in the room.A. enough lightB. light enoughC. too many lightsD. a lot of light50.It's a good habit to keep the classroom _______ all the time.A. cleanedB. clearlyC. clearD. clean51.To protect environment is________________ to take care of our lives.（）A. importantB. as important asC. more importantD. the most important52.Of the two pairs of pants,I chose the _______ one because I hadn't enough money on me.A. expensiveB. more expensiveC. less expensiveD. most expensive53.We telephoned to ask for farther information about how to book the tickets for the 2010World Expo. ______54.Shanghai Students' Post brings students both the earliest news and the ways of learningEnglish. ______55.The Yellow River is longer than any other river in Japan. ______rger the animal is,the longer its lifespan is and the slower its life tempo is. ______57.The price was very reasonable.I would gladly have paid three times as many as he asked.______58.The chairman asked the present members to write their questions on a piece of paper andsend them to the front. ______59.The doctors have tried possible everything to save the life of the wounded soldier. ______60.The photographs of Mars taken by the satellite are much clearer than that taken from theearth. ______61.It is so nice weather that I would like to go to the beach. ______62.Tuition at an American university runs so high as one thousand dollars a semester. ______63.On his way to school he met a very ill man,so he sent him to hospital. ______64.When electricity was first invented,people refused to believe such a thing possibly.______65.The dresses in the other shop will be cheaper,but not as better. ______66.She was operated on a month ago,but now she is very good. ______67.The reason why so many people sit before the television tonight is that there will be aliving show. ______68.It feels awful that the factory makes much too noise. ______69.As a safety precaution,all drivers carry only enough money to make change for a tendollars bill. ______70.The noise outside was too annoying that his speech was hardly audible. ______71.这篇短文是用简单英语写的，所以我们容易理解。

剑桥少儿英语一级单词周周练(共9周)week3

/fɪʃ/ /miːt/ /ˈsɒsɪdʒ/ /mɪlk/
biscuit
/ˈbɪskɪt/
【n.】饼干；薄薄的小甜饼
bread
/bred/
【n.】面包 a slice of bread
一片面包
cake
/keɪk/
【n.】蛋糕 a cake 一颗完整的蛋糕【可数】
a piece of cake 一块切片蛋糕【不可数】
【n.】蔬菜
carrot
/ˈkærət/
【n.】胡萝卜
onion
/ˈʌnjən/
【n.】洋葱（头）
I always cry when I'm chopping onions. 我切洋葱的时候总是被呛得流眼泪。
pea
/piː/
【n.】豌豆
potato
/pəˈteɪtəʊ/
【n.】土豆【复数 potatoes】
半身裙 a long/short skirt
长／短的半身裙 She wore a blue skirt and a white shirt yesterday.
sock /sɒk/
【词性】【拓展】【例句】
(n.) 短袜，袜子【常用复数】 a pair of socks 一双短袜
Put on your shoes and socks. 穿上你的鞋袜。
drink /drɪŋk/
【词性】【例句】
(v.)喝 (n.)饮料；一份（饮料）【可数/不可数】 Would you like a drink? 你想要喝点什么吗？ He drank three glasses of water. 他喝了3杯水。
breakfast /ˈbrekfəst/

英汉翻译技巧week 3

• C. Expression: try to express the meaning in idiomatic Chinese; • D. Revision: (proofread) check again and again to polish the language.
• • • •
He is employed in watering the garden. 他被雇来浇花。他忙于浇花。 He is not a majestic personal figure like Roosevelt, and he doesn’t inspire fear like Jonson. • 和罗斯福一样，他不是一个代表威严的人物，和约翰逊一样他也不会让人望而生畏。 • 他并不像罗斯福是一个代表威严的人物，也不像约翰逊那样让人望而生畏。
• 例5．The bear rounded and faced the hunters. • 那熊转过身来对着猎人们。 • When you pronounce the vowel [u:], round your lips. • 发元音[u:]时，要双唇收圆。
★ To determine the meaning of words
according to the fields of the study
• Power can be transmitted over a long distance. • 电力可以输送到很远的地方。 • Energy is the power to do work. • 能是做工的能力。 • Friction causes a loss of power in every machine. • 摩擦能引起每台机器的功率损耗。
words according to parts of speech

神经网络和深度学习-week3编程题（具有一个隐藏层的平面数据分类）

神经⽹络和深度学习-week3编程题（具有⼀个隐藏层的平⾯数据分类）建⽴神经⽹络的步骤：1.定义模型结构（eg输⼊特征的数量）2.初始化模型的参数3.循环求解最终参数：1. 计算当前损失（正向传播）2. 计算当前梯度（反向传播）3. 更新参数（梯度下降）4.预测提前加载和查看数据1import numpy as np2import matplotlib.pyplot as plt3from testCases import *4import sklearn5import sklearn.datasets6import sklearn.linear_model7from planar_utils import plot_decision_boundary, sigmoid, load_planar_dataset, load_extra_datasets8910 np.random.seed(1) # set a seed so that the results are consistent11 X, Y = load_planar_dataset() #X(2,400)数据点数值 Y(1,400)对应X的标签0或112 m=X.shape[1] #400个数据1314# Visualize the data:15 plt.scatter(X[0, :], X[1, :], c=np.squeeze(Y), s=40, cmap = plt.cm.Spectral)定义神经⽹络结构输⼊：X,Y是数据集和标签返回：n_x,n_h,n_y分别表⽰输⼊层、隐藏层（规定为4）和输出层的数量1def layer_sizes(X, Y):23 n_x=X.shape[0]4 n_h=45 n_y=Y.shape[0]67return (n_x, n_h, n_y)初始化模型参数输⼊：n_x,n_h,n_y分别表⽰输⼊层、隐藏层（规定为4）和输出层的数量返回：参数（W1,b1,W2,b2）1def initialize_parameters(n_x, n_h, n_y):23 np.random.seed(2)45### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)6 W1=np.random.randn(n_h, n_x)*0.017 W2=np.random.randn(n_y,n_h)*0.0189 b1=np.zeros((n_h,1))10 b2=np.zeros((n_y,1))11### END CODE HERE ###1213assert (W1.shape == (n_h, n_x))14assert (b1.shape == (n_h, 1))15assert (W2.shape == (n_y, n_h))16assert (b2.shape == (n_y, 1))1718 parameters = {"W1": W1,19"b1": b1,20"W2": W2,21"b2": b2}2223return parametersForward propagation 前向传播输⼊：数据集X，初始化得到的参数parameters（包含W1,b1,W2,b2）返回：包含Z1,A1,Z2,A2的cache值（⽤来作为反向传输的输⼊）1def forward_propagation(X, parameters):23# Retrieve each parameter from the dictionary "parameters"4### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)5 W1=parameters['W1']6 b1=parameters['b1']7 W2=parameters['W2']8 b2=parameters['b2']9### END CODE HERE ###1011# Implement Forward Propagation to calculate A2 (probabilities)12### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)13 Z1=np.dot(W1,X)+b114 A1=np.tanh(Z1)1516 Z2=np.dot(W2,A1)+b217 A2=sigmoid(Z2)18### END CODE HERE ###1920assert(A2.shape == (1, X.shape[1]))2122 cache = {"Z1": Z1,23"A1": A1,24"Z2": Z2,25"A2": A2}2627return A2, cache计算损失输⼊：A2表⽰⼆次激活后的数值，Y表⽰数据标签(1,400)，参数parameters（包含W1,b1,W2,b2）返回：计算得到的成本1def compute_cost(A2, Y, parameters):23 m = Y.shape[1] # number of example45# Retrieve W1 and W2 from parameters6### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)7 W1=parameters['W1']8 W2=parameters['W2']9### END CODE HERE ###1011# Compute the cross-entropy cost12### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)13 logprobs = np.multiply(np.log(A2),Y) + np.multiply((1 - Y), np.log(1 - A2))14 cost = - np.sum(logprobs) / m15### END CODE HERE ###1617 cost = float(np.squeeze(cost)) # makes sure cost is the dimension we expect.18# E.g., turns [[17]] into 1719assert(isinstance(cost, float))2021return costBackward propagation反向传播输⼊：参数parameters（包含W1,b1,W2,b2），参数cache（包含Z1,A1,Z2,A2），X表⽰数据集，Y表⽰数据标签返回：包含dW1,db1,dW2,db2的grads1def backward_propagation(parameters, cache, X, Y):23 m = X.shape[1]45# First, retrieve W1 and W2 from the dictionary "parameters".6### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)7 W1=parameters['W1']8 W2=parameters['W2']9### END CODE HERE ###1011# Retrieve also A1 and A2 from dictionary "cache".12### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)13 A1=cache['A1']14 A2=cache['A2']15### END CODE HERE ###1617# Backward propagation: calculate dW1, db1, dW2, db2.18### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 6 lines of code, corresponding to 6 equations on slide above)19 dZ2=A2-Y20 dW2=np.dot(dZ2,A1.T)/m21 db2=np.sum(dZ2,axis=1,keepdims=True)/m2223 dZ1=np.multiply(np.dot(W2.T, dz2), 1 - np.power(A1, 2))24 dW1=np.dot(dZ1,X.T)/m25 db1=np.sum(dZ1,axis=1,keepdims=True)/m26### END CODE HERE ###2728 grads = {"dW1": dW1,29"db1": db1,30"dW2": dW2,31"db2": db2}3233return grads更新参数输⼊：参数parameters（包含W1,b1,W2,b2），参数grads（包含dW1,db1,dW2,db2），学习速率learning_rate 返回：参数parameters（包含W1,b1,W2,b2）1def update_parameters(parameters, grads, learning_rate=1.2):23# Retrieve each parameter from the dictionary "parameters"4### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)5 W1=parameters['W1']6 b1=parameters['b1']7 W2=parameters['W2']8 b2=parameters['b2']9### END CODE HERE ###1011# Retrieve each gradient from the dictionary "grads"12### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)13 dW1=grads['dW1']14 db1=grads['db1']15 dW2=grads['dW2']16 db2=grads['db2']17## END CODE HERE ###1819# Update rule for each parameter20### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)21 W1=W1-learning_rate*dW122 W2=W2-learning_rate*dW223 b1=b1-learning_rate*db124 b2=b2-learning_rate*db22526### END CODE HERE ###2728 parameters = {"W1": W1,29"b1": b1,30"W2": W2,31"b2": b2}3233return parameters封装函数输⼊：X表⽰数据集，Y表⽰数据标签，n_h表⽰隐藏层层数，num_iterations表⽰迭代次数返回：最终参数parameters（包含W1,b1,W2,b2）def nn_model(X, Y, n_h, num_iterations=10000, print_cost=False):np.random.seed(3)n_x = layer_sizes(X, Y)[0]n_y = layer_sizes(X, Y)[2]# Initialize parameters, then retrieve W1, b1, W2, b2. Inputs: "n_x, n_h, n_y". Outputs = "W1, b1, W2, b2, parameters".### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 5 lines of code)parameters=initialize_parameters(n_x, n_h, n_y)W1=parameters['W1']b1=parameters['b1']W2=parameters['W2']b2=parameters['b2']### END CODE HERE #### Loop (gradient descent)for i in range(0, num_iterations):### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 4 lines of code)# Forward propagation. Inputs: "X, parameters". Outputs: "A2, cache".A2,cache=forward_propagation(X, parameters)# Cost function. Inputs: "A2, Y, parameters". Outputs: "cost".cost=compute_cost(A2, Y, parameters)# Backpropagation. Inputs: "parameters, cache, X, Y". Outputs: "grads".grads=backward_propagation(parameters, cache, X, Y)# Gradient descent parameter update. Inputs: "parameters, grads". Outputs: "parameters".parameters=update_parameters(parameters, grads)### END CODE HERE #### Print the cost every 1000 iterationsif print_cost and i % 1000 == 0:print ("Cost after iteration %i: %f" % (i, cost))return parameters预测输⼊：从nn_model函数返回的参数parameters（包含W1,b1,W2,b2），X为数据集返回：仅含有0和1的数组1def predict(parameters, X):23# Computes probabilities using forward propagation, and classifies to 0/1 using 0.5 as the threshold.4### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)5 A2 , cache = forward_propagation(X,parameters)6 predictions = np.round(A2)7### END CODE HERE ###89return predictions1 parameters = nn_model(X, Y, n_h = 4, num_iterations=10000, print_cost=True)23#绘制边界4 plot_decision_boundary(lambda x: predict(parameters, x.T), X, Y)5 plt.title("Decision Boundary for hidden layer size " + str(4))67 predictions = predict(parameters, X)8 print ('准确率: %d' % float((np.dot(Y, predictions.T) + np.dot(1 - Y, 1 - predictions.T)) / float(Y.size) * 100) + '%')运⾏结果：不同隐藏层节点数量的预测准确率1 plt.figure(figsize=(16, 32))2 hidden_layer_sizes = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 20, 50]3for i, n_h in enumerate(hidden_layer_sizes):4 plt.subplot(5, 2, i + 1)5 plt.title('Hidden Layer of size %d' % n_h)6 parameters = nn_model(X, Y, n_h, num_iterations=5000)7 plot_decision_boundary(lambda x: predict(parameters, x.T), X, Y)8 predictions = predict(parameters, X)9 accuracy = float((np.dot(Y, predictions.T) + np.dot(1 - Y, 1 - predictions.T)) / float(Y.size) * 100)10print ("Accuracy for {} hidden units: {} %".format(n_h, accuracy))。

实用交替传译：理论、技能与训练教学课件week 3 (education)

3. International students accounted for almost one fifth of Australian university students population and international education contributes significantly to Australian economy
Summarizing skills (tips)
identify the central idea/s in your first sentence.
when summarizing a longer article, writБайду номын сангаас a sentence or two to cover the key ideas in each section.
Interpreting
Week 3 Education & Schooling
Outline
Buzz words Retelling exercise Summarizing Interpreting exercise
Retelling exercise (补充)
1. government and private sector must
omit minor details and specific examples Avoid writing opinions or personal responses
in your summaries
Original text
Most humans acquire language in early childhood and speak fluently when they are about three years old, but our continued relationship with language gives shape and meaning to our lives. Here are some ways to become a better reader. Take it slow. Many readers feel that they read too slowly, especially compared with others, but the truth is that the faster you read, the less likely you are to comprehend fully what you’re reading. The best readers are flexible—slowing down when needed, especially if weighty concepts or unknown words are grouped closely together—and always have a dictionary at hand. If you get to the end of a paragraph and realize you haven’t absorbed any of the information, do not hesitate to re-read the passage. Reading is a lifelong process: learning to read closely and slowly will help you become faster over time without missing anything. Read aloud. When humans first began reading written words, it was unusual to read in silence. Though generally inappropriate for commuters or for late-night adventurers, reading out loud is one of the best ways to improve your reading ability.