Solar cells-20090508R
ABClonal Rat IL-1 beta ELISA Kit RK00009说明书
Rat IL-1beta ELISA KitCatalog NO.:RK00009version:2.0This package insert must be read in its entirety beforeusing this productIntroductionThe kit is a sandwich enzyme immunoassay for in vitro quantitative measurement of IL-1beta in rat serum,plasma,cell culture supernatants.Principle of the AssayThis assay employs the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique.An antibody specific for rat IL-1beta has been pre-coated onto a microplate.Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any IL-1beta present is bound by the immobilized antibody.After washing away any unbound substances, and then a detection antibody specific for IL-1beta is added to the wells and binds to the combination of capture antibody IL-1beta in sample.Following a wash to remove any unbound combination,and enzyme conjugate is added to the wells. Following incubation and wash steps,a substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of IL-1beta bound in the initial step.The color development is stopped and the absorbance is measured.Material Provided&Storage ConditionsUnopened kits can be stored at2-8°C for1year,and opened products must be used within1month.Part Size Cat.No.Storage ofopened/reconstituted materialAntibody Coated Plate 8×12RM00064Put the unused slats backin the aluminum foil bagwith the desiccant andreseal them.They can bestored at2-8°C for1month.Standard Lyophilized 2vials RM00061It is not recommended touse again afterredissolving.Concentrated BiotinConjugate Antibody(100×)1×120ul RM00062Store at2-8°c for1month*Streptavidin-HRP Concentrated(100×)1×120ul RM00063Store at 2-8°c for 1month *Standard/SampleDiluent (R1)1×20mL RM00023Store at 2-8°c for 1month *Biotin-Conjugate AntibodyDiluent (R2)1×12mL RM00024Streptavidin-HRP Diluent(R3)1×12mL RM00025WashBuffer(20x)1×30mL RM00026TMB Substrate1×12mL RM00027Stop Solution1×6mL RM00028Plate Sealers4Strips Specification 1Other Supplies Required1.Microplate reader capable of measuring absorbance at450nm,with the correction wavelength set at630nm or570 nm.2.Pipettes and pipette tips.3.Deionized or distilled water.4.Squirt bottle,manifold dispenser,or automated microplatewasher.5.Incubator.6.Test tubes for dilution of standards and samples.Precautions1.Any variation in diluent,operator,pipetting technique,washing technique,incubation time or temperature,and kitage can cause variation in binding.2.Variations in sample collection,processing,and storagemay cause sample value differences.3.Reagents may be harmful,if ingested,rinse it with anexcess amount of tap water.4.Stop Solution contains strong acid.Wear eye,hand,andface protection.5.Please perform simple centrifugation to collect the liquidbefore use.6.Do not mix or substitute reagents with those from other lotsor other sources.7.Adequate mixing is particularly important for good result.Use a mini-vortexer at the lowest frequency.8.Mix the sample and all components in the kits adequately,and use clean plastic container to prepare all diluents.9.Both the sample and standard should be assayed in duplicate,and reagents should be added in sequence in accordance with the requirement of the specification.10.Reuse of dissolved standard is not recommended.11.The kit should not be used beyond the expiration date onthe kit label.12.The kit should be away from light when it is stored orincubated.13.To reduce the likelihood of blood-borne transmission ofinfectious agents,handle all serum,plasma,and other biological fluids in accordance with NCCLS regulations.14.To avoid cross contamination,please use disposablepipette tips.15.Please prepare all the kit components according to theSpecification.If the kits will be used several times, please seal the rest strips and preserve with desiccants.Do use up within2months.16.This assay is designed to eliminate interference by otherfactors present in biological samples.17.Until all factors have been tested in this assay,thepossibility of interference cannot be excluded.18.The48T kit is also suitable for the specification.Sample Collection&StorageThe sample collection and storage conditions listed below are intended as general guidelines.Sample stability has not been evaluated.Samples containing the correlated IgG as in this kit may interfere with this assay.Cell Culture Supernatant:Remove particulates by centrifugation. Assay immediately or aliquot and store samples at≤-20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.Serum:Use a serum separator tube(SST)and allow samples to clot for30minutes at room temperature before centrifugation for15 minutes at1000x g.Remove serum and assay immediately or aliquot and store samples at≤-20°C.Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.Plasma:Collect plasma using EDTA or Heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge for15minutes at1000×g within30minutes of collection.Assay immediately or aliquot and store samples at ≤-20℃.Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.(Note:Citrateplasma has not been validated for use in this assay.)Note:It is suggested that all samples in one experiment be collected at the same time of the day.Avoid hemolytic and hyperlipidemia sample for serum and plasma.Reagent PreparationBring all reagents to room temperature before use.If crystals have formed in the concentrate,Bring the reagent to room temperature and mix gently until the crystals have completely dissolved.Standard-Reconstitute the Standard Lyophilized with 1.0mL Standard/Sample Diluent(R1).This reconstitution produces a stock solution of8000pg/mL.Mix the standard to ensure complete reconstitution and allow the standard to sit for a minimum of 15minutes with gentle agitation prior to making dilutions. Use the8000pg/mL standard stock to produce a dilution series (below)with Standard/Sample Diluent(R1).Mix each tube thoroughly and change pipette tips between each transfer(recommended concentration for standard curve:4000,2000,1000,500,250,125,62.5,0pg/mL).Use diluted standards within 60minutes of preparation.Working Biotin Conjugate Antibody -Dilute 1:100of Concentrated Biotin Conjugate Antibody (100x)with Biotin-Conjugate Antibody Diluent (R2)before use,for example:Add 20μL of Concentrated Biotin Conjugate Antibody (100x)to 1980μL Biotin-Conjugate Antibody Diluent (R2)to prepare 2000μL Working Biotin Conjugate Antibody Buffer.Working Streptavidin-HRP -Dilute 1:100of Concentrated Streptavidin-HRP (100x)with Streptavidin-HRP Diluent (R3)before use,for example:Add 20μL of Concentrated Streptavidin-HRP (100x)to 1980μL Streptavidin-HRP Diluent (R3)Std 250μL 250μL 250μL 250μL 250μL 250μL 250μL 250μL 1000pg/mL R11000μL 8000pg/mL 250μL 4000pg/mL 250μL 250pg/mL 250μL 500pg/mL 250μL 125pg/mL 250μL 2000pg/mL 250μL 62.5pg/mL 250μL 0pg/mLto prepare2000μL Working Streptavidin-HRP Buffer.Wash Buffer-If crystals have formed in the concentrate,warm to room temperature and mix gently until the crystals have completely dissolved.Dilute1:20with double distilled or deionized water before use,for example:Add20mL of Wash Buffer Concentrate to380mL of deionized or distilled water to prepare 400mL of Wash Buffer.Assay ProcedureBring all reagents and samples to room temperature before use. It is recommended that all standards,controls,and samples be assayed in duplicate.1.Prepare all reagents,working standards,and samples asdirected in the previous sections.2.Remove excess microplate strips from the plate frame,return them to the foil pouch containing the desiccant pack, and reseal properly.3.Add wash buffer350μL/well,aspirate each well afterholding40seconds,repeating the process two times fora total of three washes.4.Add100μL Standard/sample Diluent(R1)in a blank well.5.Add100μL different concentration of standard or samplein other wells,Cover with the adhesive strip provided.Incubate for2hours at37℃.record the plate layout ofstandards and sample assay.6.Prepare the Concentrated Biotin Conjugate Antibody(100x)Working Solution15minutes early before use.7.Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 3.8.Add100μL Working Biotin Conjugate Antibody in each well,cover with new adhesive Sealer provided.Incubate for1hour at37℃.9.Prepare the Streptavidin-HRP Concentrated(100x)WorkingSolution15minutes early before use.10.Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 3.11.Add100μL Working Streptavidin-HRP in each well,coverwith new adhesive Sealer provided.Incubate for0.5hourat37℃.12.Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 3.13.During the incubation,turn on the microplate reader towarm up for30minutes before measuring.14.Add100μL TMB Substrate to each well.Incubate for15-20minutes at37℃.Protect from light.15.Add50μL Stop Solution,determine the optical density ofeach well within5minutes,using a Microplate reader setto450nm.If wavelength correction is available,set to570nm or630nm.If wavelength correction is not available, subtract readings at570nm or630nm from the readingsat450nm.This subtraction will correct for opticalimperfections in the plate.Readings made directly at450nm without correction may cause higher value and lessaccurate result.Assay Procedure SummaryPrepare the standard and reagentsWash3times↓Add100ul of standards or test samples to each well Incubate for2hours at37℃,then wash3times↓Add100ul Working Biotin Conjugate AntibodyIncubate for1hour at37℃,then wash3times↓Add100ul Working Streptavidin-HRPIncubate for0.5hour at37℃,then wash3times↓Add100ul Substrate SolutionIncubate for15-20min at37℃under dark condition↓Add50ul Stop Solution↓Detect the optical density within5minutes under450nm.Correction Wavelength set at570nm or630nmCalculation of Results1.Average the duplicate readings for each standard,controland sample,and subtract the average zero standard optical density(O.D.).2.Create a standard curve by reducing the data using computersoftware capable of generating a four-parameter logistic (4-PL)curve-fit.As an alternative,construct a standard curve by plotting the mean absorbance for each standard on the Y-axis against the concentration on the X-axis and draw a best fit curve through the points on a log/log graph.The data may be linearized by plotting the log of the IL-1 beta concentrations versus the log of the O.D.on a linear scale,and the best fit line can be determined by regression analysis.3.If samples have been diluted,the concentration read fromthe standard curve must be multiplied by the dilution factor.Typical DataThe standard curves are provided for demonstration only.A standard curve should be generated for each set of IL-1beta assayed.Detection Range62.5-4000pg/mLSensitivityThe minimum detectable dose(MDD)of IL-1beta typically less than13.22pg/mL.The MDD was determined by adding two standard deviations to the mean optical density value of twenty zero standard replicates and calculating the corresponding concentration.SpecificityThis assay recognizes both recombinant and natural rat IL-1beta. The factors listed below were prepared at50ng/ml and assayed for cross-reactivity.No significant cross-reactivity was observed with the following:Recombinant rat:Recombinant human:IL-10IL-1IFN-γIL-2IL-1αIL-6IL-2IL-4IL-6IL-8TNF-αNote:Limited by current skills and knowledge,it is impossible for us to complete the cross-reactivity detection between IL-1beta and all the analogues,therefore,cross reaction may still exist.PrecisionIntra-plate Precision3samples with low,middle and high level IL-1beta were tested 20times on one plate,respectively.Intra-Assay:CV<10%Inter-plate Precision3samples with low,middle and high level IL-1beta were tested on3different plates,20replicates in each plate.Inter-Assay:CV<15%Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample123123 n202020202020 Mean(pg/mL)116522683535116022593542 Standard deviation47.879.4137.975.4162.6219 CV(%) 4.1 3.5 3.9 6.57.2 6.2RecoveryMatrices listed below were spiked with certain level of IL-1beta and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of IL-1beta in samples.Sample Average Recovery（%）Range（%）Cell Culture Media(n=5)10495-113 Serum(n=5)9990-108LinearityThe linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of IL-1beta and their serial dilutions.The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.Cell Culture Media(n=5)Serum(n=5) //Average of Expected（%）103951:2Range（%）98-10887-102Average of Expected（%）981021:4Range（%）84-11189-114 Average of Expected（%）961001:8Range（%）86-10692-108Average of Expected（%）981061:16Range（%）91-10596-115Trouble ShootingProblem Possible Cause SolutionHigh Background Insufficient washingSufficiently wash plates asrequired.Ensure appropriateduration and number of washes.Ensure appropriate volume of washbuffer in each well.Incorrect incubationprocedureCheck whether the duration andtemperature of incubation are set upas required.Cross-contamination ofsamples and reagentsBe careful of the operations thatcould cause cross-contamination.Use fresh reagents and repeat thetests.No signal or weak signal Incorrect use ofreagentsCheck the concentration anddilution ratio of reagents.Makesure to use reagents in properorder.Incorrect use ofmicroplate readerWarm the reader up before use.Makesure to set up appropriate mainwavelength and correctionwavelength.Insufficient colourreaction timeOptimum duration of colour reactionshould be limited to15-25minutes.Read too late after stopping the colour reaction Read the plate in5minutes after stopping the reaction.Matrix effect ofsamplesUse positive control.Too much signal Contamination of TMBsubstrateCheck if TMB substrate solutionturns e new TMB substratesolution.Plate sealers reusedUse a fresh new sealer in each stepof experiments.Protein concentrationin sample is too highDo pre-test and dilute samples inoptimum dilution ratio.Poor Duplicates Uneven addition ofsamplesCheck the pipette.Periodicallycalibrate the pipette.Impurities andprecipitates insamplesCentrifuge samples before use.Inadequate mixing ofreagentsMix all samples and reagents wellbefore loading.*For research purposes only.Not for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.。
cell_recovery_solution细胞回收液说明书_范文模板及概述
cell recovery solution细胞回收液说明书范文模板及概述1. 引言1.1 概述本文是关于cell recovery solution细胞回收液说明书的撰写，旨在提供详细的使用方法和相关信息，以帮助用户正确使用该产品。
cell recovery solution细胞回收液是一种用于细胞回收和培养的专业解决方案，具有重要的实验室应用价值。
1.2 文章结构本文分为引言、正文、第三章节标题、第四章节标题和结论五个部分。
其中引言将介绍文章的整体目标和内容概述，正文将详细讲解cell recovery solution细胞回收液的使用方法，并提供相关实验数据和注意事项。
第三章节标题将探讨该产品在生物医学研究中的应用案例，第四章节标题将介绍最新研究进展和未来发展方向。
最后，结论部分将总结全文并提出建议。
1.3 目的本文的主要目的是提供一个清晰而全面的cell recovery solution细胞回收液说明书，使读者能够充分了解该产品，并掌握其正确使用方法和注意事项。
通过阐述其应用案例和未来发展方向，希望激发更多生物医学研究领域的探索和进步。
同时，本文还将为读者提供对该产品的整体评估和建议，以促进其在实验室中的有效应用。
2. 正文：细胞回收液是一种针对细胞生物学研究的重要工具，它可用于从不同类型的样本中提取和回收细胞。
本章节将详细介绍cell recovery solution细胞回收液的使用方法与步骤。
2.1 样本制备在使用cell recovery solution进行细胞回收之前，首先需要进行样本制备。
样本可以是多种来源，如培养皿中的细胞、新鲜组织或者冰冻保存的样本。
不同类型的样本需要不同的处理方法。
2.1.1 培养皿中的细胞如果需要从培养皿中回收细胞，首先应该将培养皿中含有细胞和培养基的液体倒掉，并用PBS缓冲液洗涤一次，以去除残留的培养基。
2.1.2 新鲜组织如果需要从新鲜组织中提取和回收细胞，需要注意样本应尽快取材并置于4℃环境下保存。
客户样品分析报告
客户样品分析报告赛默飞世尔科技色谱与质谱事业部2014-APP-LC-105报告名称： 奶粉中氨基酸分析表1 仪器配置信息样品名称/基体 配方奶粉样品描述 白色至浅黄色固体粉末仪器型号与配置 UltiMate3000:HPG-3400，SN:8081235WPS-3000TRS, SN:8081781TCC-3000, SN:8080686VWD-3100，SN:8079580变色龙®色谱管理软件（Chromeloeon®7.2 SR1）保护柱 无PN: N/A SN:N/A色谱柱 Hypersil GOLD C18色谱柱, 4.6×250mm, 5μm PN:25005-254630SN:10038562柱温：30o C检测器类型及工作参数检测波长：338nm，采集频率：5Hz流动相组成及比例 A: 20mM 乙酸钠（加0.018%三乙胺，调节pH值至7.2，再加入0.3%四氢呋喃），B：100mM乙酸钠（pH=7.2）-乙腈-甲醇（20:40:40）样品个数 2化合物个数 17送样时间 2014-06-25测样起止时间 2014-06-30～07-02用工时间（天数）3分析人 袁斌审核人 金燕表2 梯度洗脱程序时间（min）B%0 55 525 4045 6050 10055 10056 565 5一、 引言蛋白质是生命过程的重要物质，是组成机体结构物质(细胞的组成)、体内代谢活性物质(激素、酶、免疫抗体)的主要成分，是组织更新、修补的原料。
蛋白质占动物机体因形物总量的50％左右，肌肉、肝、脾、肾等实质器官的蛋白质含量可高达80％以上。
对婴幼儿来说，母乳或配方奶粉中的蛋白质对增强婴幼儿的免疫能力及增加机体营养也有着重要作用。
但进入人体的蛋白质必须转化为氨基酸后才能为机体所吸收利用，因此控制各种食品及营养品中的游离氨基酸对监控其蛋白质含量有着重要意义，但目前少有对该类产品中营养成分分析的研究报道。
乐罗-索姆尔单细胞中心力电子泵安装与维护指南（参考号2100-O33 a-5.95）说明书
LS Monocellular centrifugal1 - GENERALThe LS range of monobloc electro-pump unitsshould be installed in accordance with theinstructions in this manual. They must not be usedin duty conditions other than those indicated in thisdocument.Should these instructions not be adhered to, or theequipment be modified in any way without LEROY-SOMER's approval, the guarantee is immediatelyrendered null and void.LEROY-SOMER cannot be held responsible if theinstructions contained in this document have notbeen followed.This manual does not take account of existing safetyrecommendations and regulations which may be inforce where the equipment is installed. It is theresponsibility of the user to ensure that these areapplied and adhered to.2 - USEThe L S range of centrifugal, mono-cellular, monoblocelectro-pump units is designed to carry water, and anyother clear liquid which is non-contaminated, non-abrasive, non-corrosive, non-explosive and compatiblewith the material of which the pump is made.For any other pumped liquid : please consult L EROY-SOMER.• Maximum content of solid particles in suspension:50 g/m 3• Maximum temperature of pumped liquid: 110 °C• Minimum temperature of pumped liquid: - 10 °C• Maximum ambient temperature: 40 °C• Maximum duty pressure of the pump(on lift) : 16 bar• Maximum pressure at intake : 10 bar• Density of pumped liquid: 1• Viscosity of pumped liquid: 1 mm 2/s 3 - CHARACTERISTICSThe dimensions of the pump body, intake and outletopenings and foot mountings conform to DIN 24255 andNFE 44111 standards.Each electro-pump unit has two identification plates; onewhich defines the hydraulics, and the other the motor.3.1 - Hydraulic characteristicsThe hydraulic characteristics are guaranteed to conformto international standard ISO 2548 class C for mass-produced pumps.3.2 - Electrical characteristics4 - HANDLINGElectro-pump units should be handled and unpacked with care.We recommend the unit is handled as shown in the sketch below.5 - STORAGEIn good storage conditions, our electro-pump units arenot at risk of deterioration.They should be stored in dry, enclosed areas, away frominclement weather conditions, dust, vibration, and shocks.If there is a risk of freezing temperatures in the storagearea, ensure that the pump has been drained.Do not place units leaning against the motor fan cover.Before commissioning or re-commissioning an electro-pump unit, always read the instructions contained in thismanual, and follow them carefully.3/h Rated current Power factor Rated power Speed of rotationFrequencySupply voltage Connection Type of motor Electro-pump serial number Mot 3 ~ DL 2,2 / 2N ° 343566DG001 kg IP 55cl F °C 40S S 1V Hz min -1kW cos ϕ A Δ 220502845 2.20.878.50Y 38028450.87 4.90Δ 230502860 2.20.828.70Y 40028600.82 5.00Δ 240502870 2.20.779.00Y 41528700.77 5.206 - INSTALLATIONElectro-pump units must be installed by personnelsuitably qualified to undertake this type of work.Install the unit as close as possible to the water supply inan easily accessible location.The suction and delivery pipes must be fitted in such away that they do not create any mechanical force on thebody of the pump.We recommend fixing the unit on a concrete pillar. Ifnecessary, wedge it in position.In some cases, the motor flange comes into contact withthe mating surface before the foot mountings. It mustthen be wedged beneath both the pump and the motor.The unit can be installed in a number of positions, butnot with the motor under the pump (see sketch below).The unit should be installed in a well-ventilated location,sheltered from inclement weather conditions.6.1 - Suction pipe This pipe must be large enough in diameter to avoid significant loss of pressure. It must be absolutelywatertight, capable of resisting depressurization and should not have any high points.A watertight inlet filter valve must be fitted at the bottomend.An incline of 2% rising towards the pump is advisable toensure that no liquid remains in the pipe.The inlet filter should not allow the passage of particleslarger than 2 mm. It should be placed at a depth below the lowest water level so that outside air cannot besiphoned in, and kept away from the walls and the bottom of the well.If the pump is working on load, the bottom valve isreplaced by an isolation valve on the pump.If the diameter of the suction pipe is greater than thenominal diameter of the pump intake, use a reducer to6.2 - Delivery pipeThe diameter of this pipe should be chosen after firstcarefully calculating the installation pressure losses.Place a flow-control valve on the pipe and a non-returnvalve upstream of this valve.6.3 - Before commissioning- Make sure that the electro-pump rotates freely withoutsticking.- Fill the suction pipe and the pump, taking care not to letany air get in, by unscrewing the filler cap : part no. - Check that the bottom inlet filter valve is watertight andthe water level has not dropped near to the opening :part no.- Screw the filler cap back on : part no. 7 - ELECTRICAL CONNECTION Electrical connection must be performed by a qualified electrician taking any existing regulations into account.If the electro-pump unit has been stored in damp conditions, check the motor insulation resistance before commencing any electrical connection. This must be a minimum of 10 megohms in cold state at 500 volts for a period of 60 seconds.7.1 - Power supplyMake sure that the supply voltage indicated on the motoridentification plate corresponds to the actual electricitysupply.Check that the diameter of the meter incoming andoutgoing conductors is adequate to supply the unit withthe correct power.7.2 - ConnectionsThe motors are delivered with the following connections :- Δ 230 / Y 400 V up to 2.2 kW inclusive at 50Hz- Δ 400 V from 3 kW at 50 Hz909090Suction On load 1 - INLET FILTER2 - VALVE3 - NON-RETURN VALVE4 - PUMPW e l l i m m e r s e dMake absolutely sure that this type of connectioncorresponds to the mains supply voltage.It must be connected as shown in the diagram below,which appears on the terminal box lid.Δ connection Y connection7.3 - ProtectionConnect to earth as required by current regulations.In order to benefit from the guarantee, it is essential toprotect the motor electrically by placing a thermalmagnetic circuit-breaker between the isolator and themotor. This circuit-breaker may also be fused.Before starting up the unit, the circuit-breaker should beset provisionally to the correct current (shown on theidentification plate) for the corresponding mains supplyvoltage.Definitive setting should be performed as instructed inparagraph 8.So as not to subject the unit to excessive temperaturerises, a maximum number of starts per hour as shownbelow should not be exceeded.This number of starts should be spread over the hour.8 - STARTING THE PUMP UNIT An electro-pump unit must never be run on empty. Thisis very important to ensure the mechanical seal remainswatertight.-Open the suction valve (for an on load pump).-Fill the pump and suction pipe with the liquid to bepumped.-Close the outlet flow-control valve.-Make sure that the the direction of rotation is thatindicated by the arrow on the unit (flange or fan cover)by running the motor for a couple of turns.-If the direction of rotation is reversed, modify theconnection to the motor terminal block by reversing 2power supply wires.-After starting, once the motor has reached its operatingspeed, make sure that the back pressure is normal, andnot subject to significant fluctuations. If this is not thecase, stop the pump and re-fill it. If the problem persists,look for air getting into the suction pipe.- If the motor is not running fast enough, check the connection.- Gradually open the pressure valve until the desired flow or pressure if achieved.- Take care not to leave the pressure valve closed for more than 5 minutes.- With the unit operating normally, measure the maximum current drawn on each phase. Set the circuit-breaker definitively, for a slightly higher current than the maximum measured. The latter must never exceed the current indicated on the motor identification plate.- Check that the voltage between phases at the motor terminals is correct.- Any disruption to operation indicates abnormal pump unit operating conditions (voltage drop, broken phase,incorrect setting, foreign body in the pump, sludge, etc).- The unit should turn smoothly without vibrating.- Never run the unit with a closed valve (whether the intake or the pressure valve).-The pump must not operate at a flow rate of less than 30 % of the rated flow shown on the unit identification plate.Motor - Drain holes :For draining condensates produced when the machine is cooling, holes have been made at the base of the housings or motor flanges according to their operating position.These holes are stopped up with plastic plugs, and should be periodically unplugged and replugged.9 - STOPPING THE PUMP UNIT -If the unit is not fitted with a non-return valve, close the pressure control valve to avoid water hammer.-Switch off the electrical supply to the motor.-In the event of prolonged stoppage and/or risk offreezing, drain the suction and delivery pipes as well asthe pump itself, or take precautions against freezing byappropriate methods.To drain the pump, unscrew the special cap, part no.10 - SERVICING -Practically no servicing is required.-All motors, except 18.5 kW, 22 kW, 30 kW and 37 kW 2-pole motors (2900 min -1) are fitted with bearings, which are greased for life and do not therefore require any attention.MotorMax number of powerstarts / hour ≤ 1.2 kW351.5 to 3.3 kW304 to 6.5 kW208.2 to 16 kW15> 16 kW 10Running the pump unit on empty is absolutely prohibited 89For 18.5 kW to 37 kW 2-pole motors (2900 min -1),greasing intervals and the quantity of grease to be usedare shown on the motor identification plate. They are asfollows :Recommended grease : ESSO UNIMEX N3 or similar -The mechanical seal will have been adjusted during assembly of the pump. It will remain watertight until noticeably worn and should then be changed.-Pump units installed as backup equipment should be run for a short time once a week, to ensure that they are working properly.11 - DISMANTLING - REASSEMBLY Dismantling and reassembly of an electro-pump unitmust be performed by personnel qualified to carryout this type of work.Where one or more components of an electro-pump unitare replaced (spare parts), it is essential that onlyparts supplied by LEROY-SOMER are used. Failure tocomply with this instruction invalidates the guarantee,and relieves the manufacturer of responsibility for anymalfunction. Any person who tampers with an electro-pump unit is responsible for the consequences.11.1 - DismantlingBefore commencing work on the unit :• Disconnect the motor from the electrical supply.• Close the intake and outlet valves.• Check that the pump body is not under pressure.• Drain the pump.• Wait until the pump body has reached the ambienttemperature.- The electro-pump unit is designed such that the movingpart can be removed with the motor, without detachingthe pump body from the pipes.To do this, unscrew the screws, part no.The unit should be dismantled as follows:-Unscrew the pump body fixing screws, part no. and remove the entire moving part-motor assembly.-Loosen the turbine locking nut, part no.-Remove the washer, part no.-Take out the turbine, part no.-Remove the key, part no.-Take off the revolving joint, part no.-Unscrew the screws, part no. and remove the base,part no. For units with a motor power rating greater than or equal to 18.5 kW (at 2900 min -1) and 15 kW (at 1450min -1) : remove screw, part no. and take out the pump shaft, part no.11.2 - Dismantling and reassembling the mechanical seal -Take out the spacer ring, part no. from the base,part no. using a mandrel. The housing for the spacer ring must be clean. Clean it and put in a new spacer ring,lubricating both the rubber ring and its housing with asolution of 10 % Teepol in clean water.-Slip the spacer ring into its housing by exertingpressure with a plastic tubular mandrel.-Make sure that the friction surface is dry and clean, andalso that the part of the shaft against which the revolvingjoint, part no. will slide.-After refitting the base, part no. onto the motor,tighten the machine bolts, part no. and fit a revolvingjoint, part no. , using a clean removable taper shaft lubricated with the same solution, and a propulsion tubeto position it.Taper shaft-When performing these various operations, take care not to damage the friction surfaces of the mechanical seal.WARNING : For L S 80 - 65 - 125 and 100 - 80 - 160electro-pumps, fit screws, part no. with a sealing compound.Note : -Never use oil or grease when assembling the unit.-Never oil or grease friction surfaces.-Before locking the turbine onto the shaft, make sure that the mechanical seal is perfectly positioned.11.3 - Reassembly-To reassemble, carry out the dismantling procedure inreverse.-Clean all parts carefully and change the gasket, partno. ,which may have deteriorated.12 - SPARE PARTS To order spare parts, please specify :-the type of electro-pump.-the serial number of the motor.- the description of the part with its part number, as shown on the diagram and on the parts list in this document.8383798528547111862-24247211711186718375IP 55 motor - Power up to 16 kW with 2 poles (2900 min-1) and up to 12 kW with 4 poles (1450 min-1)IP 23 motor - Power of 18.5 kW or higher with 2 poles (2900 min-1) and 15 kW or higher with 4 poles (1450 min-1)。
RNA 6000 Nano Kit for 2100 Bioanalyzer Systems Qui
RNA 6000 Nano Kit for 2100 Bioanalyzer SystemsQuick GuideThe complete RNA 6000 Nano Kit for 2100 Bioanalyzer Systems Kit Guide can be found in the online help of the Agilent 2100 Expert software.Kit ComponentsAgilent RNA 6000 Nano Kit (5067-1511)Agilent RNA 6000 Nano Chips Agilent RNA 6000 Nano Reagents (5067-1512) & Supplies25 RNA Nano Chips (yellow) RNA 6000 NanoLadder (1 vial, 5067-1529)2 Electrode Cleaners (blue) RNA 6000 Nano Dye Concentrate (1 vial)(green) RNA 6000 Nano Marker (2 vials)Syringe Kit (red) RNA 6000 Nano Gel Matrix (2 vials)1Syringe 4 Spin Filters (5185-5990)Tubes for Gel-Dye Mix30 Safe-Lock Eppendorf Tubes PCR clean (DNase/RNase free) for gel-dye mixFor Research Use OnlyNot for use in Diagnostic Procedures.Assay PrinciplesAgilent RNA kits for the 2100 Bioanalyzer system contain chips and reagents designed for sizing and analysis of RNA fragments. Each chip contains an interconnected set of microchannels that is used for separation of nucleic acid fragments based on their size as they are driven through it electrophoretically. This kit is designed for use with the 2100 Bioanalyzer system only.Applications and KitsAgilent RNA kits are designed for the analysis of total RNA (eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and plant) and mRNA samples. Available kits: Agilent RNA 6000 Nano kit (5067-1511), RNA 6000 Pico kit (5067-1513) and Small RNA kit (5067-1548) Storage Conditions•Freeze unopened RNA ladder at -28–-15°C (-18–5°F). Prepared ladder aliquots need to be stored at -28–-15°C (-18–5°F). Keep all other reagents and reagent mixes refrigerated at 2–8°C (36–46°F) when not in use to avoid poor results caused by reagent decomposition.2•Protect dye and dye mixtures from light. Remove light covers only when pipetting. Dye decomposes when exposed to light.•Store the chips at room temperature.Equipment Supplied with the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer System•Chip priming station (5065-4401)•IKA vortex mixerAdditional Material Required (Not Supplied)•RNaseZAP® recommended for electrode decontamination and routine electrode cleaning •RNase-free water recommended for routine electrode cleaning•Pipettes (10µL and 1000µL) with compatible tips (RNase-free, no filter tips, no autoclaved tips)•0.5mL and 1.5mL microcentrifuge tubes (RNase-free)•Microcentrifuge ( 13000g)•Heating block or water bath for ladder/sample preparationSample preparationFor total RNA or mRNA analysis, the sample concentration must be within the specified range. If the concentration of your particular sample is above this range, dilute with RNase-free water.SpecificationsSetting up the Chip Priming Station1Replace the syringe:a Unscrew the old syringe from the lid of the chip priming station.b Release the old syringe from the clip. Discard the old syringe.c Remove the plastic cap of the new syringe and insert it into the clip.d Slide it into the hole of the luer lock adapter and screw it tightly to the chip priming station.2Adjust the base plate:a Open the chip priming station by pulling the latch.b Using a screwdriver, open the screw at the underside of the base plate.c Lift the base plate and insert it again in position C. Retighten the screw.Physical Specifications Analytical SpecificationsTotal RNA AssaymRNA Assay Analysis time30min Quantitative range 25–500ng/µL 25–250ng/µL Samples per chip 12Qualitative range 5–500ng/µL 5–250ng/µL Sample volume 1µL Sensitivity (S/N>3)5ng/µL in water25ng/µL in water Kit stability 4 months Quantitative precision (within a chip)10% CV 10% CV Kit size25 chips12 samples/chip = 300 samples/kitQuantitative accuracy11Determined analyzing the RNA ladder as sample20%20%Maximum salt concentration in sample100mM Tris 0.1mM EDTA or 125mM NaCl 15mM MgCl 2100mM Tris 0.1mM EDTA or 125mM NaCl 15mM MgCl 233Adjust the syringe clip:a Release the lever of the clip and slide it up to the top position.Essential Measurement Practices•Handle and store all reagents according to the instructions on the label of the individual box.•Avoid sources of dust or other contaminants. Foreign matter in reagents and samples or in the wells of the chip will interfere with assay results.•Allow all reagents to equilibrate to room temperature for 30min before use. Thaw samples on ice.•Protect dye and dye mixtures from light. Remove light covers only when pipetting. The dye decomposes when exposed to light and this reduces the signal intensity.•Always insert the pipette tip to the bottom of the well when dispensing the liquid. Placing the pipette at the edge of the well may lead to poor results.•Always wear gloves when handling RNA and use RNase-free tips, microcentrifuge tubes and water.•It is recommended to heat denature all RNA samples and RNA ladder before use for 2min and 70°C (once) and keep them on ice.•Do not touch the 2100 Bioanalyzer instrument during analysis and never place it on a vibrating surface.•Always vortex the dye concentrate for 10s before preparing the gel-dye mix and spin down afterwards.•Use a new syringe and electrode cleaners with each new kit.•Use loaded chips within 5min after preparation. Reagents might evaporate, leading to poor results.•To prevent contamination (e.g. RNase), it is strongly recommended to use a dedicated electrode cartridge for RNA assays.•Perform the RNase decontamination procedure for the electrodes daily before running any assays. Refer to the kit guide for details on electrode cleaning and decontamination.Agilent RNA 6000 Nano Assay ProtocolPreparing the RNA Ladder1Spin the ladder down and pipette in an RNase-free vial.2Heat denature the ladder for 2min at 70°C.3Immediately cool the vial on ice.4Prepare aliquots in recommended 0.5mL RNase-free vials with the required amount for typical daily use.5Store aliquots at -28–-15°C (-18–5°F). After initial heat denaturation, the frozen aliquots should not require repeated heat denaturation.6Before use, thaw ladder aliquots on ice (avoid extensive warming).Preparing the Gel1Pipette 550µL of RNA gel matrix (red ) into a spin filter.2Centrifuge at 1500 g ±20% for 10min at room temperature.3Aliquot 65µL filtered gel into 0.5mL RNase-free microcentrifuge tubes. Use filtered gel within 4 weeks. Store at2–8°C (36–46°F).Handling ReagentsThe dye can cause eye irritation. Because the dye binds to nucleic acids, it should be treated as a potential mutagen.Kit components contain DMSO. DMSO is skin-permeable and can elevate the permeability of other substances through the skin.✓Follow the appropriate safety procedures and wear personal protective equipment including protective gloves and clothes as well as eye protection.✓Follow good laboratory practices when preparing and handling reagents and samples.✓Always use reagents with appropriate care.✓For more information, refer to the material safety data sheet (MSDS) on .Agilent Technologies Inc. 2001-2022Printed in Germany, Edition: 11/2022*G2938-90037*Part No: G2938-90037 Rev. E.00Document No: SD-UF0000031 Rev. E.00Allow the RNA dye concentrate (blue ) to equilibrate to room temperatureVortex RNA dye concentrate (blue ) for 10µL of RNA marker (green ) in all 12sample wells and in the well marked.to find information on your local Contact Visit the Agilent website. It offers useful information, support, and current developments about the products and /en/product/automated-electrophoresis/bioanalyzer-systems .Put a new RNA chip on the chip priming station.µL of gel-dye mix in the well marked .mL and then close the chip priming µL of gel-dye mix in the wells marked .µL of prepared ladder in well marked .Pipette 1µL of sample in each of the 12 sample wells. Pipette 1(green ) in each unused sample well.Put the chip horizontally in the IKA vortexer and vortex for 1 9 µl gel-dye 9 µl gel-dye1 µl ladder 1 µl sample5 µl marker。
UCS 500N5 UCS 500N7系列抗扰度综合测试仪中文手册
3.1. 前面板.........................................................................................................7 3.2. 后面板.........................................................................................................9
产品手册 － USC500 系列抗扰度综合测试
UCS 500 系列抗扰度综合测试仪
中文操作手册
总部地址： 北京市海淀区学清路 9 号汇智大厦 A 座 605 室 邮编：100085 电话：010-82732992 传真：010-82732995
南京办事处： 洪武路 359 号福鑫国际大厦东座 2507 室
7.4.1. 工厂校准 .............................................................................................. 28 7.4.2. EMTEST 仪器校准周期指导 ....................................................................... 28
8. 交付件 ............................................................................................................. 29
8.1. 基本设备 .................................................................................................... 29 8.2. 附件和选件 ................................................................................................. 29
安捷伦产品目录
15
Real-Time PCR
16
Mx3000P QPCR System
17
Brilliant III Ultra-Fast SYBR Green QPCR and QRT-PCR Reagents
18
Brilliant III Ultra-Fast QPCR and QRT-PCR Reagents
Agilent / STRATAGENE
Agilent website: /genomics
Welgene | Agilent Stratagene
威健股份有限公司 | Stratagene 總代理
Table of Content
Table of Contents
/ XL1-Red Competent Cells SoloPack Gold Supercompetent Cells
/ TK Competent Cells Specialty Cells
/ Classic Cells / Fine Chemicals For Competent Cells
適用於 UNG 去汙染或 bisulphite
sequencing
適用於 TA Cloning
最高敏感性
取代傳統 Taq 的好選擇
-
2
威健股份有限公司 | Stratagene 總代理
PCR Enzyme & Instrument
Agilent SureCycler 8800
市場上領先的 cycling 速度和 sample 體積 10 ～ 100 μL 簡易快速可以選擇 96 well 和 384 well 操作盤 優秀的溫控設備讓各個 well 都能保持溫度的穩定 七吋的高解析度觸控螢幕讓操作上更為簡便 可以透過網路遠端操控儀器及監控儀器 Agilent 專業的技術支援可以幫助您應對各種 PCR 的問題
AIA2000错误代码
[0001] 仪器的电源为关闭状态。
原因：由于动作时仪器的电源为关闭状态而无法动作。
对策：请关闭仪器的电源，重新指示执行。
[0002] 仪器的初始化未结束。
原因：由于仪器的初期化未结束而无法动作。
对策：请等待仪器的初始化完毕，再次指示执行。
[0003] 仪器动作中。
原因：由于仪器在执行其他动作中而不接受指示。
对策：请等待执行中的动作结束，再次指示。
[0010] 试剂杯分类机门是开着的。
原因：动作时，检测到试剂杯分类机门是开着的，因此正在等待动作。
对策：请关闭试剂杯分类机门。
继续动作。
[0011] 试剂旋转架盖是开着的。
原因：动作时，检测到试剂旋转架盖是开着的，因此正在等待动作。
对策：请关闭试剂旋转架盖。
继续动作。
[0012] 吸嘴分类机门是开着的。
原因：动作时，检测到吸嘴分类机门是开着的，正在等待动作。
对策：请关闭吸嘴分类机门。
继续动作。
[0013] B/F单元盖是开着的。
原因：动作时，检测到B/F单元盖是开着的，因此正在等待动作。
对策：请关闭B/F单元盖。
继续动作。
[0020] 未装备输送用BCR。
原因：仪器模式设定中，未设定输送用BCR的装备。
对策：请在MaxiaConst.ini文件中以P00指令指定日立输送，或者以P03指令指定BCR选项。
[0100] 杯扫描失败。
原因：杯扫描中，机构部发生了错误。
测定暂停了。
对策：请打开试剂杯分类机门，检查内部，关闭。
继续测定。
[0101] 试剂旋转架扫描失败。
原因：试剂旋转架扫描中，机构发生了错误。
测定暂停了。
对策：请打开试剂旋转架，检查内部，关闭。
继续测定。
[0102] 吸嘴扫描失败。
原因：吸嘴扫描中，机构发生了错误。
测定暂停了。
对策：请吸嘴分类机门，检查内部，关闭。
继续测定。
[0200] 试剂杯分类机门锁被解除了。
原因：动作时，检测到试剂杯分类机门的锁被解除。
测定暂停了。
对策：请按Cup Sorter键，锁住。
继续测定。
[0201] 吸嘴分类机门锁被解除了。
Omega HH309A Data Logger Thermometer User Manual
e-mail:**************For latest product manuals:User’s GuideHH309AData Logger ThermometerShop online atIt is the policy of OMEGA Engineering, Inc. to comply with all worldwide safety and EMC/EMI regulations that apply. OMEGA is constantly pursuing certification of its products to the European New Approach Directives. OMEGA will add the CE mark to every appropriate device upon certification.The information contained in this document is believed to be correct, but OMEGA accepts no liability for any errors it contains, and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice.WARNING: These products are not designed for use in, and should not be used for, human applications.CONTENTSTITLE PAGE I. Introduction (1)II. Specifications (1)III. Symbol Definition and Button Location (2)IV. Operation Instructions (3)4.1 Power-Up & turn ON/OFF backlight (3)4.2 Connection the Thermocouples (3)4.3 Selecting the Temperature Scale (3)4.4 Data-Hold Operation (3)4.5 T1-T2 Operation (3)4.6 Record and Erase memory Operation (3)4.7 Clock Setup (3)4.8 Recording Interval Setup (4)4.9 MAX/MIN Operation (4)4.10 Auto Power Off (4)4.11 Low Battery Condition ………………………………….……………………………. ..44.12 Calibration Point (4)4.13 Digital Output (4)V. Setup TestLink SE-309—RS232 interface software (5)(Appendix: Thermocouple probe specification) (6)HH309A I. Introduction:This instrument is a four channel digital thermometer for use with any K-type thermocouple as temperature sensor. Temperature indication follows National Bureau of Standards and IEC584 temperature/voltage table for K-type thermocouples. It internal memory can keep up to 16,000 records per channel. (note1.) It uses RS232 interface to perform bi-directional communication with PC.II. Specifications:Numerical Display: 4 digital Liquid Crystal Display per channel.Measurement Range: -200°C ~ 1370°C -328°F ~ 2498°FResolution:-200°C~ 200°C 0.1°C; 200°C ~1370°C 1°C-200°F~ 200°F 0.1°F; else 1°FInput Protection at Thermocouple Input: 60V DC, or 24Vrms ACEnvironmental:R Operating Temperature and Humidity: 0°C ~50°C (32°F ~ 122°F) ; 0 ~ 80% RHR Storage Temperature and Humidity: -10°C to 60°C (14°F ~ 140°F); 0 ~ 80% RHR Altitude up to 2000 meters.Sample Rate: 3 seconds per periodDimension: 184×64×30mmWeight: 250g Approx.Accessory: K Type Bead Probe×2, Battery, Carrying Case, Instruction Menu, Software program, RS-232 & USB Connection Cable.Power requirement: 9 Volt BatteryBattery Life: Approx. 100hrs with alkaline batteryAC Adapter: 9VDC ±15% 100mAPlug Diameter: 3.5mm×1.35mmOption : AC Adapter Model # HH300-Adapater.note1:Every time you press "REC" button to start recording data and press "REC" button again to stop recording, there will be a data set in memory, you can store as many data sets as you want until memoryis full.1HH309A IV. Operation Instructions:4.1 Power-Up & Turn ON/OFF backlightThe ○I key turns the Thermometer ON or OFF and backlight ON & OFF.Press it once to turn on the Thermometer.Press it again for moment to turn ON or OFF backlight.Press and hold this button 3 second to turn OFF the power.4.2 Connection the ThermocouplesFor measurement, plug the thermocouple into the input connectors.4.3 Selecting the Temperature Scalein the memory and the reading is the present temperature.One may press "MAX MIN" to circulate the display mode among these options.When the meter is under "MAX MIN" operation and “ °C/°F ” button are disabled.(when you press “ °C/°F ” button in "MAX MIN" mode, there will be two continuous beep)To exit the MAX/MIN mode, one may press and hold "MAX MIN" for two seconds.4.10 Auto Power Off:By default, when the meter is powered on, it is under auto power off mode. The meter will powerOne may press and hold “HOLD4.11 Low Battery ConditionHH309A4.12 Calibration Point:input Adjust VR tolerance 0 °C VR1 ± 0.1 °C 190 °C VR2 ± 0.1 °C 1000 °C VR3 ± 1 °C 1900 °F VR4 ± 1 °F4.13 Digital Output:The RX is a 5V normal high input port. The TX is a 5V normal high output port.V . Setup TestLink SE-309 —y The TestLink package contains:1.80mm CD.y System Required:y Minimum Hardware Required:PC or NoteBook with Pentium 90MHz or higher, 32 MB RAM ;At least 5 MB byte hard disk space available to install TestLink. Recommended resolution 800X600.Install TestLink:1.We recommend close all other application before installing TestLink.2.Insert setup CD disk to CD disk drive.3.Choose the Start button on the Taskbar and select Run.4.Type E:\SETUP and choose OK, then it will copy SE309.exe ( executable file ) and help file to your hard disk ( default is c:\program files\TestLink\SE309 ). For detailed other operation instruction, please refer to the online help while executing SE309.P .SNormally, performing offset Calibration with thermal stabled ice water through VR1 will give a very good calibration result.HH309AWARRANTY/DISCLAIMEROMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. warrants this unit to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 13 months from date of purchase. OMEGA’s WARRANTY adds an additional one (1) month grace period to the normal one (1) year product warranty to cover handling and shipping time. T his ensures that OMEGA’s customers receive maximum coverage on each product.If the unit malfunctions, it must be returned to the factory for evaluation. OMEGA’s Customer Service Department will issue an Authorized Return (AR) number immediately upon phone or written request. Upon examination by OMEGA, if the unit is found to be defective, it will be repaired or replaced at no charge. OMEGA’s WARRANTY does not apply to defects resulting from any action of the purchaser, including but not limited to mishandling, improper interfacing,operation outside of design limits, improper repair, or unauthorized modification. T his WARRANTY is VOID if the unit shows evidence of having been tampered with or shows evidence of having been damaged as a result of excessive corrosion; or current, heat, moisture or vibra-tion; improper specification; misapplication; misuse or other operating conditions outside of OMEGA’s control. Components in which wear is not warranted, include but are not limited to contact points, fuses, and triacs.OMEGA is pleased to offer suggestions on the use of its various products. However, OMEGA neither assumes responsibility for any omissions or errors nor assumes liability for any damages that result from the use of its products in accordance with information provided by OMEGA, either verbal or written. OMEGA warrants only that the parts manufactured by the company will be as specified and free of defects. OMEGA MAKES NO OTHER W ARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND W HATSOEVER,EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, EXCEPT THAT OF TITLE, AND ALL IMPLIED W ARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: The remedies of pur-chaser set forth herein are exclusive, and the total liability of OMEGA with respect to this order, whether based on contract, warranty, negligence, indemnification, strict liability or otherwise, shall not exceed the purchase price of the component upon which liability is based. In no event shall OMEGA be liable for consequential, incidental or special damages.CONDITIONS: Equipment sold by OMEGA is not intended to be used, nor shall it be used: (1) as a “Basic Component” under 10 CFR 21 (NRC), used in or with any nuclear installation or activity;or (2) in medical applications or used on humans. Should any Product(s) be used in or with any nuclear installation or activity, medical application, used on humans, or misused in any way,OMEGA assumes no responsibility as set forth in our basic WARRANTY/ DISCLAIMER language,and, additionally, purchaser will indemnify OMEGA and hold OMEGA harmless from any liability or damage whatsoever arising out of the use of the Product(s) in such a manner.RETURN REQUESTS/INQUIRIESDirect all warranty and repair requests/inquiries to the OMEGA Customer Service Department.BEFORE RET URNING ANY PRODUCT (S) T O OMEGA, PURCHASER MUST OBT AIN AN AUT HORIZED RET URN (AR) NUMBER FROM OMEGA’S CUST OMER SERVICE DEPART MENT (IN ORDER T O AVOID PROCESSING DELAYS). T he assigned AR number should then be marked on the outside of the return package and on any correspondence.The purchaser is responsible for shipping charges, freight, insurance and proper packaging to prevent breakage in transit.FOR WARRANTY RETURNS, please havethe following information available BEFOREcontacting OMEGA:1.Purchase Order number under whichthe product was PURCHASED,2.Model and serial number of the productunder warranty, and3.Repair instructions and/or specificproblems relative to the product.FOR NON-WARRANTY REPAIRS,consult OMEGA for current repair charges. Have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1. Purchase Order number to cover the COST of the repair,2.Model and serial number of the product, and 3.Repair instructions and/or specific problemsrelative to the product.OMEGA’s policy is to make running changes, not model changes, whenever an improvement is possible. This affords our customers the latest in technology and engineering.OMEGA is a registered trademark of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.© Copyright 2008 OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. All rights reserved. This document may not be copied, photocopied,reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part, withoutthe prior written consent of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.Where Do I Find Everything I Need for Process Measurement and Control?OMEGA…Of Course!Shop online at SMTEMPERATUREⅪߜThermocouple, RTD & Thermistor Probes, Connectors, Panels & AssembliesⅪߜWire: Thermocouple, RTD & ThermistorⅪߜCalibrators & Ice Point ReferencesⅪߜRecorders, Controllers & Process MonitorsⅪߜInfrared PyrometersPRESSURE, STRAIN AND FORCEⅪߜTransducers & Strain GagesⅪߜLoad Cells & Pressure GagesⅪߜDisplacement TransducersⅪߜInstrumentation & AccessoriesFLOW/LEVELⅪߜRotameters, Gas Mass Flowmeters & Flow ComputersⅪߜAir Velocity IndicatorsⅪߜTurbine/Paddlewheel SystemsⅪߜTotalizers & Batch ControllerspH/CONDUCTIVITYⅪߜpH Electrodes, Testers & AccessoriesⅪߜBenchtop/Laboratory MetersⅪߜControllers, Calibrators, Simulators & PumpsⅪߜIndustrial pH & Conductivity EquipmentDATA ACQUISITIONⅪߜData Acquisition & Engineering SoftwareⅪߜCommunications-Based Acquisition SystemsⅪߜPlug-in Cards for Apple, IBM & CompatiblesⅪߜDatalogging SystemsⅪߜRecorders, Printers & PlottersHEATERSⅪߜHeating CableⅪߜCartridge & Strip HeatersⅪߜImmersion & Band HeatersⅪߜFlexible HeatersⅪߜLaboratory HeatersENVIRONMENTALMONITORING AND CONTROLⅪߜMetering & Control InstrumentationⅪߜRefractometersⅪߜPumps & TubingⅪߜAir, Soil & Water MonitorsⅪߜIndustrial Water & Wastewater TreatmentⅪߜpH, Conductivity & Dissolved Oxygen Instruments M4147A/0508。
日本电池标准(JIS battery standards)
密閉形小形二次電池の安全性
Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and batteries made from them, for use in portable applications
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes -- Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications
JIS C8712-2006
JIS C8713-2006
包括碱性或其他非酸性电解液的二次电池和蓄电池.密封便携式二次电池和蓄电池的机械试验
密閉形小形二次電池の機械的試験
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes -- Mechanical tests for sealed portable secondary cells and batteries
可搬鉛蓄電池
Lead acid batteries for general service
JIS C8702-1-2003
小型阀调节的铅酸蓄电池组.第1部分:一般要求、功能特性.试验方法
小形制御弁式鉛蓄電池 ― 第１部：一般要求事項，機能特性及び試験方法
Small-sized valve regulated lead-acid batteries -- Part 1: General requirements, functional characteristics -- Methods of test
细胞粘附的检测方法
包被： 1、 96 孔板每孔加入 100ul 包被液。 2、 将培养板置 2-8°C 过夜。 3、 移除包被液，用洗涤液洗涤 2-3 次。
细胞接种： 1、 待测定细胞处理好后，用胰酶消化，PBS 洗涤，然后用相应培养基重悬，制成细胞
悬液。 2、 按 5×104 细胞/孔接种 96 孔板，建议设 3-5 个复孔。同时设立对照组，即孵育后不
体损失导致试剂量不够用。 ● 细胞处理需要小心操作,尽量避免人为的损伤细胞。离心力在不损失细胞的前提下尽可能小，重悬
细胞是动作要轻柔，避免多次反复的激烈吹打。不用涡旋振荡器。 ● 染色培养时间根据细胞种类的不同和每孔内细胞数量的多少而异。一般情况下，白细胞较难染色，
因此需要较长的培养时间。培养时间一般为 1- 4 小时，但在培养 30 分钟左右即可取出肉眼观察 染色程度 (根据细胞种类而定，需要摸索一下条件)。当使用标准 96 孔板时，贴壁细胞的最小接 种量至少为 1,000 个/孔 (100 μl 培养基)。检测白细胞时的灵敏度相对较低，因此推荐接种量不 低于 2,500 个/孔 (100 μl 培养基)。如果要使用 24 孔板或 6 孔板实验，请先计算每孔相应的接 种量，并按照每孔培养基总体积的 10%加入染色液 B。 ● 有条件的情况下建议采用多通道移液器，可以减少平行孔间的差异。加染色液 B 试剂时，建议斜
产品说明书
细胞粘附检测试剂盒
货号：BB-48120
V2.16
试剂盒储存条件： 2-8℃保存。
开盖后组份按要求条件保存。 Nhomakorabea试剂盒组成：
产品组成
BB-48120-1
BB-48120-2
规格
100 T
250 T
试剂 A：包被液 A
BD LSRFortessa 多光谱流式细胞仪说明书
Performance without peer,c hoice without compromiseThe BD LSRFortessa™ cell analyzer offers the ultimate in choice for flowcytometry, providing power, performance, and consistency. Designed tobe affordable and expandable, the BD LSRFortessa has the flexibility tosupport the expanding needs of multicolor flow cytometry assays.The BD LSRFortessa analyzer can be configured with up to 4lasers—blue, red, violet, and UV—which enables the detection of upto 18 colors simultaneously. The BD LSRFortessa may be upgradedsubsequently with additional or new lasers from BD, as futurerequirements dictate.Innovative Designs for Optical Efficiency Built on a proven platform, BD LSR analyzers feature innovative designs for both the excitation optics and collection optics that reduce excitation losses and improve light collection efficiency. The result is optical efficiency that delivers maximum sensitivity and resolution for multicolor applicationsby reducing excitation laser light loss, and improved fluorescent signal collection.Special Order ProgramFor research needs at the leading edgeof biomedical discovery, the special order program offers BD LSRFortessa researchers the latest innovations in laser technologyto enable future upgrades with new excitation, wavelength, and power choices. The program lets customers fully customize configurations to deliver added flexibility and power to support advanced research. Technical and Application SupportAs with all BD instruments and reagents, highly qualified BD technical and application support personnel are available for helpin streamlining research and maintaining optimal instrument performance.The BD LSRFortessa is designed to enable your current assayrequirements. As future needs arise, lasers can be added orupgraded. Flexibility in a Small Space An affordable choice to fit most flow cytometry analyzer needs, the BD LSRFortessa can be ordered with up to 4lasers—blue, red, violet, and UV—which provides flexibilityin laser wavelengths so assay design can be optimized usingthe latest fluorescent dyes and substrates. The instrumentcan accommodate the detection of up to 18 colorssimultaneously with a defined set of optical filters thatmeet or exceed the majority of today’s assay requirements.The BD LSRFortessa puts the power of the proven BD LSRplatform into a compact footprint. It can easily fit on thebenchtop for cost-effective space use. This space efficiencyis even more important for labs with limited space or wherespace cost is premium.In addition to the reduced size, design enhancementsprovide easier access to bandpass filters and mirrors,simplifying changes to experimental setup.To improve experimental workflow, the optional BD™ High Throughput Sampler (HTS) provides rapid, fullyautomated sample acquisition from microtiter plates. Inhigh-throughput mode, the HTS option can speed throughBoundless PotentialThe BD LSRFortessa AnalyzerBD High Throughput Sampler (HTS)000000CD3+CD4+CD8neg 0000000All Events Lymphocytes 0000000000000000000000Lymphocytes CD3+B D L S R F O R T E S SA 0000000CD4+CD8negCD25+CD127lo000000CD4+CD8neg IFN γ+CD4+000000CD25+CD127lo CD45RAnegCD25+CD45RA+CD25+00000000CD25+CD127lo FoxP3+F L U I D I C SMany innovations are incorporated into the BD LSRFortessa product line. The heart of the cytometer, the fluidics system features a true fixed-alignment flow cell that is gel-coupled to the collection optics to maximize detector signal. Fluidics SystemThe fluidics system is pressure driven. Hydrodynamic focusing forces sample cells through the cuvette flow cell, where they are interrogated. The flow cell is in fixed alignment with the laser and gel-coupled to the collection optics. This design ensures that the laser is precisely focused on the sample stream and the maximum amount of emitted light can be collected for added sensitivity in multicolor applications. Fixed alignment also minimizes startup time, improves experiment-to-experiment reproducibility, and enables automated daily quality control.The sheath container (8 L) and waste container (10 L) are outside the cytometer, and positioned on the floor for easier access.The optional BD FACSFlow™ supply system fluidics cart increases capacity and ease of use while maintaining a stable fluidics pressure. It includes an automated sheath and wasteSuperior Performance Unique and Revolutionary Designs for Multicolor AnalysisO P T I C SThe patented collection optics are yet another designinnovation. Arranged in octagon- and trigon-shaped opticalpathways, their novel design efficiently maximizes signaldetection and increases sensitivity and resolution. Thisallows researchers to identify cells, especially dim and rarecell populations, optimizing multicolor assays and paneldesign for superior results.Optics SystemThe optics system consists of laser excitation optics thatilluminate cells in the sample, and collection optics thatdirect light scatter and fluorescence signals through spectralfilters to detectors. Innovative designs for both the excitationoptics and collection optics in BD LSRFortessa systems reduceexcitation losses and optimize collection efficiency forincreased sensitivity and resolution.Excitation OpticsThe excitation optics consist of multiple fixed wavelengthlasers, beam shaping optics, and individual pinholes whichresult in spatially separated beam spots.A final lens focuses the laser light into the gel-coupledcuvette flow cell. Since the optical pathway and the samplecore stream are fixed, alignment is constant from day to dayand from experiment to experiment.Maximum Signal, Minimum CrosstalkAn Innovative and Proven Platformfor Multicolor AnalysisCollection OpticsEmitted light from the gel-coupled cuvette is delivered by fiber optics to the detector arrays. The collection optics are set up in patented octagon- and trigon-shaped optical pathways that maximize signal detection resulting from each laser illuminated beam spot. Bandpass filters in front of each PMT allow spectral selection of the collected wavelengths. Importantly, this arrangement allows filterThis design is based on the principle that light reflection is more efficient than light transmission. Emitted light travels to each PMT detector via reflection and is transmitted through only two pieces of glass to reach the detector. Therefore, more colors can be detected with minimum light loss.DBD FACSDiva™ software controls the efficient setup,acquisition, and analysis of flow cytometry data fromthe BD LSRFortessa workstation. The software is commonacross BD FACS™ instrument platforms, including theBD FACSCanto™ cell analyzer and BD FACSAria™ cellsorter systems. This affords researchers greater applicationflexibility, allowing them to easily move assays from oneplatform to another.Cytometer Setup and Tracking The Cytometer Setup and Tracking (CS&T) feature of BD FACSDiva software establishes baseline settings and adjusts for instrument variability. The software reduces operator error, and ensures consistency of results by setting the signal time delay across the multiple laser beams and optimizing PMT voltages. Application-specific settings can also be set, allowing for rapid setup and performanceof routine experiments in a more consistent manner.Quality control (QC) tracking capabilities in the softwaremeasure instrument settings and report on performance.Levey-Jennings plots help users understand instrumentperformance and identify maintenance issues.Greater ConsistencyAutomated Controls for Setup, Acquisition, and Analysis CD4 BD Horizon V5000-108101010100101010T Lymphs CD45 APC-H7101010101050100150200250T LymphsCD3 Alexa Fluor® 700CD8+ T Lymphs 0-4661010100101010T Lymphs CD3 Alexa Fluor® 7000-466101010010101010T Lymphs CD4+ T Lymphs CD3 Alexa Fluor® 7000-108101010010101010T LymphsB D FAC SD I V AAcquisition and AnalysisBD FACSDiva software enables researchers to previewand record data from multiple samples with an automatedacquisition process. Acquisition templates, user-definedexperiment layouts, and simple compensation proceduresare also managed by the software to further facilitateacquisition.For analysis, the software includes powerful features suchas hierarchical snap-to gating, a variety of plot formats, andbatch analysis. Recorded data can be analyzed by creatingplots, gates, population hierarchies, and statistics views on aBD FACSDiva global worksheet. Once the global worksheetis saved, it can be used to analyze multiple sample tubesfrom an experiment, thereby saving time. Numerous otherproductivity benefits include user-defined batch analysisand automated features such as gate resizing, pausingbetween data files, exporting statistics, and printing beforeproceeding to the next data file.BD FACSDiva worksheet showing well defined T-cell populationsubsets acquired using the special order BD LSRFortessa analyzerconfigured with the following lasers: 60-mW 355-nm UV, 100-mW Tube: T Cells Population All Events Lymphs T Cytotoxic Monos Grans T Helper CD3 APC-H7-A 000000LSRFortessa - T Cells C D 2 F I T C -A CD3 APC-H7-A 00000LSRFortessa - T Cells C D 4 A l e x a F l u o r ® 700-A CD3 APC-H7-A0000LSRFortessa - T Cells C D 16 P E -C y 7-ACD45 V500-A 0000000LSRFortessa - T Cells S S C -A CD3 APC-H7-A 00000LSRFortessa - T Cells C D 8 P E -A CD3 APC-H7-A 00000LSRFortessa - T Cells C D 56 A P C -A CD2 PE-Texas Red®0-2931010100101010T Lymphs CD4 BD Horizon V5000-10810101010010101010T Lymphs CD3 Alexa Fluor® 7000-4661010100101010T LymphsCD3 Alexa Fluor® 7000-4661010100101010T LymphsC U S T O M Multiple Power Options Innovative laser options include the choice of solid-state lasers across the full spectrum. Currently, 18 laser wavelength options are offered, ranging from ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths. Through the special order program, researchers can configure a BD LSRFortessa withup to 7 lasers and 42 positional choices for the detectors.Forward Scatter PMT OptionThe special order program offers a Forward Scatter(FSC) PMT Option that complements small particlescatter detection. This option lowers the threshold onsize measurements, which is particularly valuable formicrobiology applications.Evolving CapabilitiesBD LSR customers have an expanded level of flexibilityand choice because they can add lasers after purchasinga system, to meet new or evolving requirements. Thisflexibility makes BD LSR analyzers a solid, long terminvestment.The BD special order program allows customers to configureBD flow cytometers and cell sorters to fit precise researchand assay needs. Tailored to the special needs of researchat the leading edge of biomedical discovery, the programoffers a wide range of choices to help researchers createthe ultimate customized instrument for their requirements.Choices Now and in the FutureSpecial Order Products for Unique Needs B101010-1021051041031020100C1010102543210-100C O N F I G U R A T I O NThe BD LSRFortessa FSC (data shown in Figure 1) is optimized fora wide range of biological particles. For applications requiringsmaller resolution, a FSC PMT Option is available through the specialorder program.10101000000000000000000000000C o u n t FSC-H 1 µm FSCPMT-H 000000000000001010101010C o u n t P1P2P3Figure 1: BD LSRFortessa Standard FSC Figure 2: BD LSRFortessa Special Order FSC PMT OptionAn Innovation ProcessA vigorous pursuit of the latest and best laser technologiesensures an unparalleled range of configuration choicesoffered by the BD special order program for BD LSRanalyzers. New technologies are regularly incorporated intothe product line as soon as they become available.The ever-expanding list of available lasers demonstratesBD’s ongoing commitment to perpetual innovation. This isone of the many ways BD ensures that the BD LSR analyzerplatform continues to support the evolving needs ofleading researchers around the world.CFP-CFP 448nm 40mW 10500100150101010CFP-CFP 403nm 40mW 103009010010101080706050401020CFP-CFP 403nm 100mW102507515010101010012550B CS E R VI C E S ServicesBD Biosciences is fully committed to the success and satisfaction of its customers. Supporting flow cytometry applications for over 35 years, BD has training, technical applications support, and field service teams dedicated to helping customers achieve optimal instrument performance, ease of use, and streamlined workflow. With unmatched flow cytometry experience, this world-class service organization is available to help with your BD LSR product installation, future upgrades, and application support.TrainingHands-on training is included with each BD LSRFortessa analyzer. Courses are held at BD training centers worldwide. BD flow cytometry training courses combine theory and practice to provide participants with the skills and experience they need to take full advantage of the capabilities of their BD LSRFortessa analyzer.Technical Application SupportBD Biosciences technical applications support specialists are available to provide field- or phone-based assistance and advice. Expert in all aspects of flow cytometry, BD technical application specialists are well equipped to address customer needs in both instrument and applications support.Field ServiceWhen instrument installation or service is required, aBD Biosciences Technical Field Service Engineer can be dispatched to the customer site. BD Biosciences field service engineers are located across the world. On-site service and maintenance agreements are available to provide long-term support for BD LSR analyzers.Special Order ProgramInstruments can be customized to meet customer requirements via the special order program.14Asia Pacific Singapore Tel 65.6861.0633Fax 65.6860.1590China Tel 86.21.3210.4610Fax 86.21.5292.5191India Tel 91.124.2383566Fax 91.124.2383224/25/26United States BD Biosciences Toll Free 877.232.8995Fax **************Australia/New ZealandAustraliaToll Free: 1800 656 100Tel 61.2.8875.7000Fax 61.2.8875.7200*************New ZealandToll Free: 0800 572.468Tel 64.9.574.2468Fax 64.9.574.2469*************Japan Nippon Becton Dickinson Toll Free 0120.8555.90Tel 81.24.593.5405Fax 81.24.593.5761Europe BD Biosciences Tel 32.2.400.98.95Fax 32.2.401.70.94 /eu **************************.com Canada BD Biosciences Toll Free 888.259.0187Tel 905.542.8028Fax 888.229.9918 /ca *************Regional Offices /offices 23-11617-02BD Biosciences2350 Qume DriveSan Jose, CA 95131BD flow cytometers are Class I (1) laser products.Cubitainer is a registered trademark of Hedwin Corporation.Alexa Fluor® and Texas Red® are registered trademarks and Pacific Blue™ is a trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc.Cy™ is a trademark of Amersham Biosciences Corp.For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.Purchase does not include or carry any right to resell or transfer this product either as a stand-alone product or as a component of another product. Any use of this product other than the permitted use without the express written authorization of Becton, Dickinson and Company is strictly prohibited. Product availability and prices are subject to change without notice.© 2011 Becton, Dickinson and Company. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in retrieval systems, or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise, without prior written permission from BD Biosciences.BD, BD Logo and all other trademarks are property of Becton, Dickinson and Company. © 2011 BD。
vestoplast508分子量
vestoplast508分子量
Vestoplast 508是一种聚合物，其分子量取决于其具体的聚合
物化学结构和制备方法。
一般来说，Vestoplast 508是一种聚丙烯，它的分子量通常以聚合度或者相对分子质量来描述。
然而，由于Vestoplast 508是商业产品，其具体分子量可能因生产批次而异。
因此，要准确了解Vestoplast 508的分子量，最好的方式是查阅该
产品的技术资料或者联系生产厂家获取准确的数据。
另外，分子量
也可以通过实验方法，比如凝胶渗透色谱或者粘度测定来进行测定。
总的来说，Vestoplast 508的分子量是一个具体的数值，需要通过
具体的途径来获取准确的信息。
CellTiter-Lumi
CellTiter -Lumi™发光法细胞活力检测试剂盒产品简介：碧云天生产的CellTiter -Lumi™发光法细胞活力检测试剂盒(CellTiter -Lumi™ Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Kit)，简称CTL 发光法细胞活力检测试剂盒或CTL ，是一种通过化学发光法测定细胞内ATP 含量从而用于超高灵敏度、超宽线性范围定量检测活细胞数目的试剂盒。
本产品是CellTiter -Lumi™ II 发光法细胞活力检测试剂盒(简称CTL II ，产品编号为C0056)的不同包装版本，两者的检测效果完全一致。
本产品，即CTL 为即用型液体，其优点是无需配制即可以直接使用，但长期保存需要置于-80ºC ，如果在-20ºC 保存时间较长后检测效果会逐渐下降。
CTL II ，为CTL 的冻干粉版本，优点是在-20ºC 保存特别稳定，缺点是使用前需要使用提供的缓冲液充分溶解底物冻干粉后才能使用。
本试剂盒的性能基本达到甚至在有些方面优于国外同类产品。
本产品的用途与CellTiter -Lumi™ Plus Luminescent Cell Viability Assay(简称CTL Plus)及Promega 公司的CellTiter -Glo ® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay(简称CellTiter -Glo ®或CTG)基本相同，检测灵敏度和发光检测数据略优于CTLPlus ，显著优于CTG ，线性范围和CTL Plus 和CTG 相近，但检测上限和发光检测数据随时间的稳定性稍稍低于CTL Plus 和CTG 。
本产品与CTL Plus 和国外同类产品(Competitor P)的检测效果比较参见图1。
本产品线性范围宽。
96孔板中，在12个至3万个细胞范围内有良好的线性关系。
不同细胞的检测数量上限会有显著不同。
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Dye-sensitized Solar Cells M. H. Weng, Ph. D翁敏航博士2009.05.08Outline染料敏化太陽能電池之背景介紹染料敏化太陽能電池之基本原理染料敏化太陽能電池之研究染料敏化太陽能電池之發展趨勢Greenhouse Gases [2]11079800HFCs (ppt )420310270N 2O (ppb)36001780790CH 4(ppb)700363278CO 2(ppm)Year 2100Year 1996Beforeindustrial revolutionGas [2]陳陵援，溫室氣體減量壓力對台灣產業發展的潛在衝擊，工業技術研究院簡報，2004。
Global Warming [3]z Argentina’s Upsala Glacier (1928~2004)The Arctic (1979~2003)1979 2003Decrease 8 %[3] 高雄市環保局第一科空氣污染防制網The solid ice of glacier melted away.z This glacier was beds of solid ice.І: Silicon Type Si -based (14~24%)Ⅲ：Organic Type DSSC (5~10%)Solar CellⅡ：Thin film (10~30%)0 100 200 300 400 500Cost (US$/m 2)10080 60 4020 E ffi cien cy(%)US$0.10/W US$0.20/W US$0.50/WThermodynamicLimitUS$1.00/WUS$3.50/WⅢⅡⅠ 染料敏化太陽能電池之背景介紹染料敏化太陽能電池的技術基本原理染料敏化太陽能電池之研究染料敏化太陽能電池之發展趨勢Photoelectrochemical¾由瑞士洛桑高等工業學校(EPFL)M.Grätzel教授領導的研究小組，在1991年所發展出來的一種染料敏化奈米薄膜電池，其光電轉換效率達7.1%（AM1.5）。
DSSCs之結構1. 透明導電玻璃2. 多孔性二氧化鈦3. 光敏化染料4. 氧化還原系統5. 白金對電極Visible 46 %UV 5 %Sunlight Spectrum [5]Near InfraredWavelength (nm)Sp e ctralIr r adi a nc e(Wm -2 nm -1)[5] 莊嘉琛，太陽能工程-太陽能電池篇The band gap of nano TiO 2 is 3.2eV. The light of wavelength (< 380 nm ) is absorbed.The ideal sensitizer is needed to absorb all light with a wavelength below 920 nm.Working Electrode ElectrolyteCounter Electrodee -e -e -e -e -e -TiO 2(S +/S*)(S +/S)Dyehv(I -/I 3-)△V Gr ätzel Cell CB 3.2eV L i g h t VBNature (1991) 353, 737-740.Photoexcitation of the sensitizer (S) is followed by electron injection into the conduction band of an oxide semiconductor film.The dye molecule is regenerated by theredox system, which itself is regeneratedat the counter -electrode by electrons passed through the load.Working principle1. 染料分子吸收光子能量，由基態轉變為激發態dye (S) + light →dye*(S*)2. 激發態的電子注入半導體顆粒中dye*(S*) + TiO2→e -(TiO 2) + oxidized dye(S +)3. 氧化態S +與還原劑反應，變回基態，還原劑則被氧化oxidized dye (S +) + 3/2 I -(A -) →dye (S) + 1/2 I 3-(A)4. 被氧化的還原劑又被對電極上的電子再次還原1/2 I 3-(A) + e -(counter electrode) →3/2 I -(A -)Ref. Nature 414, 341 (2001)3. 高催化能力的陰極電極4. 快速氧化還原能力電解質5. 寬工作電壓的溶劑1. 高比表面積TiO 2電極2. 具適當HOMO-LUMO 電位、低bandgap 的染料高效率的染料敏化太陽電池需求z 未照光之DSSC 沒有電流，亦即TiO 2\染料\電解質介面之間並不存在電位差，故其費米能階(Fermai level,E F ) 可視為一自由電子混成的平衡狀態。
z DSSC 照光後，染料吸收光波產生激發之光電子與電洞的分離，同時造成電位差，此電位差即為TiO 2之CB 與染料之LUMO 混成能階(E F,n )，相對染料之HOMO 與電解質氧化還原電位(I -/I3-之E Redox)的混成能階(E F,p )之電位差(ΔV)，而此電位差的最大值即為光電壓的最大值。
z 由此可知染料的HOMO 與LUMO 能階與電荷的分離有直接的關聯，如圖所示，染料的HOMO 能階必須低於電解質之氧化還原能階，而LUMO 必須高於TiO 2之CB 能階，如此電子傳輸才不會受到阻礙。
TiO 2/染料/電解質之能階Energy band gap ：(A)Dark(B) lightingLUMO (Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital)HOMO (Highest occupied molecular orbital)The differences between DSSCs and semiconductorpn-junction solar cellsSemiconductor pn-junction solar cells:Light absorption and charge transport occurs in the same material.The charge separation is induced by the electric field across thejunction.The generated opposite charges travel in the same material.DSSCs:Photons are absorbed by the dye molecules and transport of charges is carried out in the TiO2electrode and electrolyte.The charge separation occurs via other kinds of kinetic and energetic reasons at the dye-covered semiconductor-electrolyte interface.Electrons travel in the nanoporous TiO2network and holes in theelectrolyte.(The recombination can occur only at the semiconductor electrolyte interface.)Theoretical issuesLight absorptionCharge separationCharge transportRecombinationInterfacial kineticsLight absorption-Adsorption of the dye molecule Anchoring groups attached to the dye molecule–COOH 、-SO 3H 、-PO 3H 2The COOH groups form a bond with the TiO2surface bydonating a proton to the TiO 2lattice.Trinuclear Ru dye N3 dye black dyeThe excitation of the Ru complexes via photon absorption is of metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT)type.There is significant overlap between the electronwavefunctions of the LUMO level of the dye and theconduction band of TiO 2.(the fast electron transfer process at the dye-TiO 2interface)Light absorption-Light absorption via MLCT excitation1. MLCT excitation2. Electron injection3. Charge recombinationHOMO LUMOLight absorption-The sensitization effect The efficient spectralsensitization in the DSSC ismade evident in the spectralresponse curves (IPCE).The IPCE curve depends onthe charge separation andcharge collectionefficiencies.The short circuit current (I SC )q ：electron charge r(λ)：incident light loss of the light absorption and reflection by the conducting glassF(λ)：incident photon flux densityIPCE(λ)：incident monochromatic photon to current conversion efficiency ()()()1SC I qF r IPCEd λλλλ=−⎡⎤⎣⎦∫()()()()()()e inj cc ET IPCE LHE LHE λλφληλλλ−==Φ LHE(λ)：light-harvesting efficiencyφ(λ)：electron injection tield from the dye excited state into TiO 2η(λ)：charge collection efficiency at the front TCO electrodesΦ(λ)：electron-transfer yieldWhen the cell is short circuited under illumination, the maximum current is generated.Charge separationThe charge separation in DSSCs：an electron transfer process from the dye molecule to TiO2a hole transport process from the oxidized dye to the electrolyteThe energetic driving force for the electron and hole separation：the exited state of the dye (the LUMO level) above the conductionband edge of the TiO2(ΔE>200mV)the dye's HOMO level below the chemical potential of the redox pair iodide/triiodide in the electrolyteElectron transport in the nanostructuredsemiconductor electrodeThe small size of the particles prevents the formation of a space charge layer and a built-in electric field inside the particles.→The transport of electrons cannot be drift in an electric field.Under illumination, an electron concentration gradient occurs in the electrode and the electrons are transferred to the TCO back contact layer by diffusion.Measurements have shown that the diffusion of electrons is characterized by a distribution of diffusion coefficients, which have been related to hopping of electrons via surface traps of different depths.Trapping of electrons at the TiO2surface may be a pathway for recombination,resulting in photocurrent losses and also photovoltage losses for kinetic reasons.Ion transport in the redox electrolyte At the TiO 2electrode the oxidized dye ：2S + + 3I -→2S + I 3-At the counter-electrode ：I 3-+ 2e -(Pt ) →3I -I 3-is produced at the TiO2electrode and diffused across the electrolyte. Similarly,I -is produced at the counter-electrode and diffused to the opposite direction in the electrolyte.RecombinationElectrolyte e -e -e -e -e -TiO 2(S +/S*)(S +/S)Dyehv (I -/I 3-)△VCBVB3.2eV (1)逆向之光電流I 3-+2e -(TiO 2) →3I -(2) 注入TiO 2的電子與表面染料基態之電洞再結合S ++e -→S (3) 染料自身的電子-電洞對再結合(1) 、(2)兩步為決定電子注入效率的關鍵步驟Because of the porous structure of the electrode, the conducting glass substrate may be partly exposed to the electrolyte →a potential recombination pathway between electrons in the conducting substrate and hole carriers in the electrolyte.Interfacial kinetics The desired reaction：the electron injection from theexited state of the dye to theconduction band of TiO2(50 fs-1.7 ps)the regeneration of the oxidizeddye by I-(10 ns)(This is important for obtaininghigh cycle life for the dye)DSSCs發展時程各國染料敏化太陽能電池發展之動向日本國內模組發展動向太陽電池的轉換效率η：光電轉換效率（Efficiency ）V oc ：開路電壓（Open Circuit Voltage ）J sc ：短路電流密度（Short Circuit CurrentDensity ）F.F.：填充因子（Fill Factor ）P in ：入射太陽光能量（1000W/m2 or 100mW/cm2)奈米太陽電池光電轉換率理論極限值Ref. 工業技術研究院染料敏化太陽能電池之背景介紹染料敏化太陽能電池的基本原理染料敏化太陽能電池之研究TCO工作電極染料電解質其他染料敏化太陽能電池之發展趨勢實驗設計-實驗流程準備ITO或FTO玻璃利用刮刀成膜法製備二氧化鈦膜450℃燒結去除有機物浸泡染料24小時Ex. N719、N3鍍上白金電極約300～500nm貼上銅膠帶貼上銅膠帶以3M膠帶作為Spacer將上下電極夾好之後注入電解液最後以AB膠封裝電性量測染料敏化太陽能電池之背景介紹 染料敏化太陽能電池的基本原理 染料敏化太陽能電池之研究TCO工作電極染料電解質其他染料敏化太陽能電池之發展趨勢Substrates Transparent conducting oxide (TCO)：Fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F)Indium tin oxide (In2O3:Sn or ITO)The higher the conductance the lower the transmittance and vice versa.Optimized the performance:–Libbey Owens Ford (LOF) TEC 15 (15 Ω/sq)in the working electrode(TiO2) for high transmittance–TEC 8 (8 Ω/sq)in the counter-electrode for high conductanceAn alternative to the glass substrates is TCO coated plastic foils.染料敏化太陽能電池之背景介紹染料敏化太陽能電池的基本原理染料敏化太陽能電池之研究TCO工作電極染料電解質其他染料敏化太陽能電池之發展趨勢染料敏化太陽能電池之工作電極一個有效率的染料敏化太陽能電池，首先即是扮演最重要角色的工作電極，它必需要能提供染料(光敏劑)吸附的表面積、電流的路徑，還必需要具有多孔性的結構來幫助電解質的擴散。