China's Offshore Oil Production Rises Sharply in First Quarter
无刷直流电机相电流和母线电流的关系及电路保护策略讨论
TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION科学与信息化2023年3月下 135无刷直流电机相电流和母线电流的关系及电路保护策略讨论严孟凯1 张飞21. 中海油能源发展股份有限公司工程技术分公司 天津 300452；2. 中联煤层气有限责任公司晋城分公司 山西 晋城 048001摘 要 关于无刷直流电机运行时相电流和母线电流之间的关系，很多使用者都不能清楚掌握，往往在设计系统时将电流限流保护措施施加在母线位置，这种不恰当的保护策略导致系统不能达到预期的保护期望。
本文着重就典型的无刷直流电机相电流和母线电流之间的内在联系加以阐述，以期提供给各用户一个清晰的内在联系和逻辑，方便各使用者正确的实施保护措施，避免系统损伤，并在后续设计中能够以此为基础，完成更加精确的、成熟的系统设计。
关键词 母线电；流相电流；保护措施；无刷直流电机Discussion on Relationship Between Phase Current and Bus Current of Brushless Direct Current Motor and Circuit Protection StrategyYan Meng-kai 1, Zhang Fei 21. China National Offshore Oil Corporation Energy and Technology Services Company, Engineering Technology Branch, Tianjin 300452, China2. China United Coalbed Methane Corp., Ltd., Jincheng Branch, Jincheng 048001, Shanxi Province, ChinaAbstract Regarding the relationship between phase current and bus current during the operation of brushless direct current motors, many users cannot clearly understand it, and often apply current limiting protection measures to the bus current position when designing the system, and this inappropriate protection strategy leads to that the system fails to achieve the expected protection expectations. This paper focuses on the intrinsic relationship between the phase current and bus current of typical brushless direct current motor, in order to provide each user with a clear internal connection and logic, facilitate the correct implementation of protection measures by each user, avoid system damage, and accordingly complete a more accurate and advanced system design in the subsequent design.Key words bus current; phase current; protection measure; brushless direct current motor1 无刷电机运行状态分析一般来讲，永磁无刷电机根据其运行工况可以分为最大包络运行状态，PWM 调制运行状态；全压堵转状态；以及PWM 堵转状态等等工况。
长难句精讲班讲义(何凯文-添加讲话的核心内容)
第一部分方法论讲解阅读在句子层面的障碍：含义语序➢简单句的障碍来源只有一套谓语的句子叫做简单句基本句型：主谓i come i saw i conquer主谓宾i love you 主谓双宾i bring a book to you 主谓宾补she makes me crazy 主系表i am a ugly man✧简单句的障碍识别及处理方法四大障碍：定语状语插入语同位语定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分叫做定语技能：高职，知识：本科，思维：研究生，思想：博士前置定语：形容词性的词+名词后置定语：前置形容词短语：形容词+介词+名词现在分词过去分词｛｝名词+. 不定式〔不定代词的定语置后〕介词短语：介词+名词表语形容词：alive a cat alive定语从句〔不属于简单句范畴〕人称代词who whom which that as +非完整句关系代词物主代词whose+完整句引导词关系连词where why when how + 完整句宾语+非完整句This is the expert to whom we are turning介词+关系代词充当状语+完整句There is something by the virtue of which the man is the man定语+完整句There are a lot of problems of which the fetching freshwater is the foremost by the virtue of=by the reason ofthat与as不能接到介词后面〔in that 引导的不是定语从句，而是状语从句表示的是because〕拆分：介词之前；找指代：关系代词指代的是前面哪一个单词；定成分：介词+关系代词在句中做什么成分同位语普通同位语：A ,B A or B A of B〔正式university of qinghua〕在句子中和名词处于相同位置的成分引导词that + 完整句；处理方法：删除插入语处理方法：删除状语：修饰动词〔谓语〕或形容词、定语副词介短现在分词其前面没有名词，有名词就是定语过去分词不定式独立主格处理方法：剥离〔隔离〕例1：Using techniques〔方法，技法〕first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments〔沉淀物〕and rock from the ocean floor.例2：A few art collectors James Bowdoin Ⅲof Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens And Hamilton of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring 〔创造性的〕artists, and established in their respective 〔各自的〕communities社区the idea of the value art and the need for institutions〔制度〕devoted to its encouragement.➢非简单句的障碍来源：如何拆分与组合✧非简单句的障碍解决方案关联词和主句专一原则关联词：关系代词关系连词标点〔分号冒号破折号〕并列连词主句专一原则：英语主句中只有一个主句一套谓语，主句中没有关联词；n个分句就有n-1个关联词✧句子之间的关联方式：并列联词〔and , but , or , as well as ,与分号〕的用法：连接前后功能、性质、用法完全一致的成分〔对等的必须完全对等〕从后往前寻找并列成分2.嵌套：主从复合常见的复杂句形式That+完整句宾从/表从It +不及动+that+从句What+非完整句主语从句that what how why when who ……特殊的(形式主语句) It+be+形容词+that+从句主语+不及动+that+从句The sun rises that looks gorgeous 〔that引导的是非完整句则为定语从句)主语+be+形容词+that+从句The fact is true that i love you 〔that引导的是完整句则为同位语从句〕状语从句：where when because……+完整句〔要剥离，状语和状语从句在阅读时要剥离，否则要遭报应的，将同位语给删除掉，将插入语给删除掉，剩下的主谓宾是那么的可爱〕层次化句子阅读方法〔与电脑程序类似〕1.层次化结构的表示形式□□□□□□□□2.括号匹配法：保证在每个括号中都是完整的简单句〔适用于初级阶段使用〕●画左括号的条件：出现句间关联词的时候画右括号的条件：句子终结〔出现终结标点句号；后续内容与前边无关〕；出现句间并列连词Kvin is a good student 【who is studying in the BFSU 【which is a good university in china 】】Kvin ,【who is studying in the BFSU 【 which is a good university in china ,】】 is a good studentHowever , for many years , Physicists thought that 【 atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously 】 and that 【stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker . 】小结区规则描述：笔记区写作方法：例3：The history of clinical nutrition or(or 连接的同位语，后面直接删除不看，不用翻译, 直接看到谓语can be) the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras:【1 the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when 〔when 前面有名词，所以when 引导的是定语从句，when 做连词〕【2 it was recognized for the first time that 【3 food contained constituents 【4 that were essential for human function 4】3】and that 〔此that 不做成分所以和第三个that 并列〕【 different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents 〔成分〕.5】2】1】 例4：The desperate plight(困境，保证) of the South has eclipsed 〔遮盖，日食〕the fact that【 reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North, though less spectacularly.(壮观地，引人注目地)括号内的副词不可能修饰括号外的动词】例5：The technique 方法 〔technology 翻译为技术〕of direct carving was a break with the nineteen-century tradition in which the making of a clay 〔泥土，粘土〕 model was considered the creative act 【and the work was then turned over to studio assistants to be cast in plaster or bronze or carved in marble.】例1.The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from t he way in which workers made goods, since the 1790's, and North American entrepreneurs —even without technological improvements —had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. 例2． Tracking whales is but 〔=only 〕 one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war 〔冷战〕as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.例3. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century.〔泛读〕 ABCBA(有里向外面翻译：CBBAA)例4：Anyone who has handled a fossilized bone knows that it is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart , the most obvious differences being that it is often much heavier.〔词本无意，意由境生〕〔逗号不能连接句子，是独立主格，通常在独立主格前面可以加with ，也可以省掉〕1 两个句子主语相同，保留主语，将句号变逗号，动词作如下变化am /is/are being was/were having beendo/does doing did having donebe done done2两个句子主语不同，保留主语，将动词做一上变化完整信息链法：不完整情况：英语句子中主干部分被隔离〔主谓隔离：主谓之间加入定语、同位语、插入语。
硅改性对石脑油择形改质催化剂性能的影响
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 2018年第37卷第6期·2222·化 工 进展硅改性对石脑油择形改质催化剂性能的影响王银斌，汪洋，臧甲忠，郭春垒，彭晓伟，刘冠锋，于海斌（中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司，天津 300131）摘要：通过硅改性制备了一系列石脑油择形改质催化剂，在此催化剂的作用下，煤间接液化工艺所产石脑油中的正构烷烃可以实现有效转化，而异构烷烃则可以得到最大量的保留，这样既可以显著提升油品的辛烷值，还可以实现产品汽油收率的最大化。
石脑油改质小试实验结果表明，在未经硅改性催化剂的作用下，产物油品的收率为60.51%，辛烷值为91.3，但异构烷烃/正构烷烃比值仅为0.78；当催化剂的SiO 2负载量为5%时，产物油品的收率增加至72.68%，异构烷烃/正构烷烃比值增加至2.50，辛烷值略有所降低，为88.8。
石脑油改质中试实验结果表明，在保证干气收率不超过1%时，经负载5%SiO 2改性后的催化剂可稳定运行15天，产品汽油平均收率为62.83%，液化石油气（LPG ）平均收率为33.82%。
该技术的经济性分析结果显示，对于10万吨/年的工业化装置，可实现3274万元/年的利润收入。
关键词：石脑油；硅改性；ZSM-5分子筛；择形改质；汽油中图分类号：TE624 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2018）06–2222–08 DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-1492The effect of silylation on the catalysts for naphtha selective upgradingWANG Yinbin ，WANG Yang ，ZANG Jiazhong ，GUO Chunlei ，PENG Xiaowei ，LIU Guanfeng ，YU Haibin（CenerTech Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co.，Ltd.，CNOOC ，Tianjin 300131，China ）Abstract ：A series of catalyst samples were prepared by silylation method ，which would be employedas the shape-selective modification catalyst of naphtha. With the application of these catalysts ，the n -alkane in the naphtha produced from indirect-coal-liquefaction-process would be converted effciently while the isoparaffin would remain. Thus ，the octane value of the processed oil would rise effectively and the yield of gasoline could be maximized. The results of lab-scale experiments showed that when using the unmodified sample as catalyst ，the yield of gasoline was 60.51%，and RON was 91.3，but the ratio of isoparaffin/n -alkanes was only 0.78. When the sample modified by loading 5% SiO 2 were used as catalyst ，the yield of gasoline increased to 72.68%，and the ratio of isoparaffin/n -alkanes increased to 2.50，while RON decreased slightly to 88.8. The results of pilot experiments showed that when the fuelgas yield was less than 1%，the life time of the catalyst modified by loading 5% SiO 2 was 15 days ，and the average yield of gasoline was 62.83% and the average yield of LPG was 33.82%. The results of economic analysis showed that the producer could get 32.74 million RMB profit annually by processing 100000 tons naphtha per year with this technology.Key words ：naphtha ；silylation ；ZSM-5 zeolite ；selective upgrading ；gasoline2016年，全国的炼油能力增加至7.5亿吨，实际加工量为5.8亿吨。
CCUS-EOR开发同步埋存阶段长度的确定方法
第30卷第2期油气地质与采收率Vol.30,No.22023年3月Petroleum Geology and Recovery EfficiencyMar.2023—————————————收稿日期：2022-11-20。
作者简介：王高峰（1980—），男，河南许昌人，高级工程师，硕士，从事注气技术研究工作。
E-mail ：**************************.cn 。
基金项目：中国石油上游科技项目“碳驱油碳埋存一体化协同技术研究”（kt2022-8-20）和“冀东高深北区高66X1断块E s 33II 油组碳驱油碳埋存先导试验”（2022ZS0806）。
文章编号：1009-9603（2023）02-0168-06DOI ：10.13673/37-1359/te.202211013CCUS-EOR 开发同步埋存阶段长度的确定方法王高峰1，曹亚明2，解志薇3，刘媛3（1.中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京100083；2.中国石油冀东油田分公司，河北唐山063000；3.中国石油华北油田公司，河北沧州062550）摘要：CCUS-EOR 开发周期分为同步埋存和深度埋存两大阶段，确定同步埋存阶段长度是CCUS-EOR 开发方案设计的一项重要内容。
根据CO 2驱产油量变化情况，可将同步埋存阶段进一步划分为上产期、稳产期和递减期。
上产期的时间长度由见气见效时的累积注入量与年注气速度计算，稳产期的时间长度即稳产年限借助气驱“油墙”集中采出时间测算，递减期内的阶段采出程度变化情况则利用典型产量递减规律研究，气驱产量递减率和稳产期采油速度需根据气驱增产倍数概念确定，从而建立了CO 2驱阶段采出程度评价数学模型，提出将阶段采出程度逼近最终采收率的时刻作为同步埋存阶段与深度埋存阶段的转换点并引入阶段转换判据；同步埋存阶段长度扣除上产期和稳产年限即为递减期的时间长度。
关键词：CCUS-EOR 开发；同步埋存；深度埋存；阶段采出程度评价模型；阶段转换判据；CO 2驱中图分类号：TE311文献标识码：AMethod for determining time length of simultaneoussequestration phase of CCUS-EOR developmentWANG Gaofeng 1，CAO Yaming 2，XIE Zhiwei 3，LIU Yuan 3（1.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration &Development ，Beijing City ，100083，China ；2.Jidong Oilfield of PetroChina ，Tangshan City ，Hebei Province ，063000，China ；3.Huabei Oilfield of PetroChina ，Cangzhou City ，Hebei Province ，062550，China ）Abstract ：The life cycle of CCUS-EOR development can be divided into two parts.One is the simultaneous sequestration phase （SSP ），and the other is the deep burial phase （DBP ）of CCS.Determining the time length of SSP is an important part of CCUS-EOR development scheme design.According to the change trend of oil production under CO 2flooding ，SSP can be further divided into an oil production rising period ，a stable oil production period ，and an oil production declining period.The time length of the oil production rising period is calculated from the annual gas injection rate and the cumulative injec⁃tion amount at the gas emergence time.The time length of the stable oil production period under gas flooding is calculatedby means of “centralized recovery time of oil bank ”.The change of stage recovery during the oil production declining peri⁃od is studied by using the representative decline curves.The oil recovery rate during the stable oil production period and oilproduction decline rate under gas flooding are measured based on the concept of “oil production multiplier due to gas flood⁃ing ”.Thus ，a mathematical model for evaluating stage recovery in the case of CO 2flooding is established.The moment when the stage recovery under CO 2flooding approaches the estimated ultimate recovery is proposed as the transition point be⁃tween SSP and DBP.On this basis ，a phase transition criterion is introduced.The time length of SSP minus those of the oil production rising period and the stable oil production period is the time length of the oil production declining period.Key words ：CCUS-EOR development ；simultaneous sequestration ；deep burial ；evaluation model of stage recovery ；phasetransition criterion ；CO 2flooding全球范围内通过CCUS 方式注入地下的二氧化碳达到10亿吨级，其大规模碳埋存能力已被证第30卷第2期王高峰等.CCUS-EOR开发同步埋存阶段长度的确定方法·169·实［1-2］，被视为石油企业碳中和的托底技术。
HAZOP分析方法的技术原理和应用现状_仲从响
引言我国油气管道行业现有的安全评价体系采用的安全分析评价方法大多是事故发生后对人员和环境的影响程度评价，以及为降低这些风险所采取的对应措施。
HAZOP评价方法是从工艺设备的潜在危害和可操作性方面入手，寻找并发现危险源，从专业技术角度控制风险，确保安全运行，帮助管理者以更加经济更加合理的方法进行科学管理。
由于HAZOP方法具有全面、系统、细致等突出优势，能够系统地、彻底地识别出危害，给出针对性措施，经实践证明该方法对复杂工艺系统同样十分有效[1]，很快成为世界范围内危险性分析领域最盛行的分析方法之一。
近年来，HAZOP分析技术在我国油气行业也得到一定程度的推广，但应用范围仍需进一步推广。
1 HAZOP技术原理HAZOP是由经验丰富的跨专业专家组对设施在安全性（危害性）与操作性上的风险进行识别，并讨论提出控制/降低风险的方法，从而达到消除隐患、提高装置安全性与可靠性的目的[2]。
开展HAZOP时，将一些连续的工艺流程分割成许多节点，然后根据涉及的工艺参数与引导词，组合成与系统安全性有关的偏差问题，再由HAZOP分析组主席带领大家对偏差进行讨论，分析每一个原因会造成的最终后果，然后对问题的严重性和现有安全设施的充分性进行风险评估，并提出相应建议措施。
2 HAZOP技术优势HAZOP技术本身具备的优势分为以下几点：1）能系统、全面地审查工艺设备的危害性与可操作性。
2）能对人为因素造成的风险事故及事故后果严重性进行分析研究[3]，预测人为因素导致的严重后果，并针对性地提出控制措施，减低风险，确保安全。
3）能有效识别出工艺设备中的潜在危害，甚至是微小到不易察觉的风险隐患，并采取针对性的防范措施。
4）能全面细致地排除装置设计与可操作过程中存在的各种危害事故，保障装置经济高效地生产运营。
5）不仅能使设计、操作、运行等人员更加系统全面地了解设备性能，又能使设计和操作过程得到进一步完善，提高管理科学性。
HAZOP具备的以上优势，奠定了其技术基础，拓宽了其应用范围，使其得以迅速广泛地传播。
海洋石油英语
海洋石油英语海洋石油污染marine oil pollution海上石油（气）勘探及开发工程offshore petroleum / gas reservoir exploitativeengineering 海上石油勘探offshore petroleum exploration中国海洋石油总公司China National Offshore Oil Corporation世界石油工业world petroleum industry圆满地阻止了石油的渗漏was successful in stopping the leak of oil.无节制的奢侈；石油资源的过度消耗wanton extravagance; wanton depletion of oil reserves.未用铅锤测量的海洋深度unplumbed ocean depths.海底石油资源undersea petroleum resources在选举投票中取得绝对领先；海洋中地势险要的位置took a commanding lead at the polls; a commanding view of the ocean.钻井工艺drilling technology 钻井船drilling ship钻井仪表drilling instruments 钻井设备drilling equipment 矿山钻井法shaft boring 钻井记录(曲线) driller's log半潜式钻井平台semi - submersible drilling platform海上移动式钻井装置offshore mobile drilling units自升式钻井平台jack - up drilling platform海上漏油oil spill 钻井平台石油钻井平台An oil platform.海上石油勘探offshore petroleum exploration(不浸入油[液]内的)测油[液]尺ullage rule塑料披盖一种塑料保护涂层，覆盖在备用的军用或海上设备上A protective plastic coating that is placed over stored military or naval equipment. 海洋工程结构荷载load on offshore structure海洋调查船oceanographic research vessel在海洋图上用圆规测量To measure with dividers on a chart.海洋遥感测深ocean remote sensing sounding海上石油（气）勘探及开发工程offshore petroleum / gas reservoir exploitativeengineering 石油工程建设公司Petroleum Engineering Construction Company中国石油工程建设公司China petroleum engineering construction corporation海上石油（气）勘探及开发工程offshore petroleum / gas reservoir exploitativeengineering 世界石油工业world petroleum industry海上石油（气）勘探及开发工程offshore petroleum / gas reservoir exploitativeengineering 海上石油勘探offshore petroleum exploration石油工程建设公司Petroleum Engineering Construction Company中国石油工程建设公司China petroleum engineering construction corporation海洋管道工程offshore pipeline engineering海洋工程结构offshore engineering structure海洋工程ocean engineering海洋石油污染marine oil pollution海洋工程地质marine engineering geologyAAPG(American Association of Petroleum Geologists) 美国石油地质学家协会abandoned well 废弃井accumulation of oil 石油聚集acidic rock 酸性岩类acid treating 酸处理acid treatment of well 井内酸处理acoustic wave 声波additive 添加物aeolian deposit 风化afterburning 二次燃烧agglomerate 集块岩air pollution 空气污染albertite 黑沥青alkali rock 碱性岩类alluvial deposits 冲积层anticline 背斜API(American Petroleum Institute) 美国石油协会antirusting oil 防锈油automotive engine oil 车用机油ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) 美国材料试验协会basalt 玄武岩base oil 基础油bitumen 沥青blowout 井喷BOP(blowout preventer) 防喷器boiler 锅炉bottom hole pressure 井底压力bottom residue 残渣油brake fluid x车油bunker 船用重油catalyst 触媒catalytic reforming 媒组coal field 煤田core analysis 岩心分析cracked gasoline 裂解汽油cracking process 裂解法crude 原油crude oil 原油crude oil cracking 源由裂解cut back asphalt 涂料柏油dehydrogenation 脱氢density 密度derrick 井架development well 开发井diesel oil 柴油directional well 定向井discovery well 发现井distillate 分馏油distillation 蒸馏drilling 钻井EA(Environmental Assessment) 环境评价energy conservation 节约能源evaluation well 评价井exploration 探勘exploratory well 采勘井extract 萃取物extraction 萃取filling station 加油站flash point 闪火点float 浮筒floating roof tank 浮顶油槽flowing well 自喷井，自流井fuel oil 燃料油fluid catalytic cracking 流体媒裂法fossil fuel 矿物燃料gallon 加仑fractionation 分馏gasoline 汽油gas reservoir 气层geochemical exploration 地球化学探勘geochemical prospecting 地球化学探勘geophysical exploration 地球物理探勘geophysical prospecting 地球物理探勘heavy oil 重油heavy oil cracking 重油裂解hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hydrocracking 加氢裂解hydrocracking process 加氢裂解法inert gas 惰性气体inflamable gas 易燃气体injection well 注入井isomer 异构物isomerization 异构化jet fuel 喷射机燃油joint venture 合资公司Jurassic period 侏罗纪kill (a well) 压井knocking 爆震laying of pipeline 管路铺设light crude 轻质原油light naphtha 轻质石油脑LNG(liquefied natural gas) 液化天然气LPG(liquefied petroleum gas) 液化石油气methane 甲烷methanol 甲醇motor oil 车用机油mud 泥浆multi purpose grease 多效润滑油脂naphtha 石油脑，轻油naphtha cracking 石油脑裂解naphtha reforming 石油脑重组national petroleum company 国营石油公司natural gas 天然气OAPEC(Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries) 阿拉伯石油输出国家组织octane number 辛烷直offshore drilling 海域钻井oil coke 石油焦oil industry 石油工业oil refinery 炼油厂oil well 油井OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国家组织petrochemical industry 石油化学工业petrochemicals 石油化学产品petroleum geology 石油地质学petroleum industry 石油工业petroleum products 石油产品pipeline 管线posted price 牌价premium gasoline 高级汽油production well 生产井refinery 炼油厂qualitative analysis 定性分析quality control 质量管理refining 炼油quantitative analysis 定量分析reformate(reformed gasoline) 重组汽油reforming 重组reserves 蕴藏量reservoir 油层residual oil 残余油royalty 权利金seismic survey 震测探勘self-service station 自助加油站service station 加油站slack wax 粗蜡solvent 溶剂sour crude 含硫原油specific gravity 比重storage tank 储槽surfur content 硫份，含硫量sweet crude 无硫原油tanker 油轮tank lorry 油罐车tar 柏油，焦terminal 输油站，输气站two cycle engine oil 二行程机油ultimate recovery 最终开采量，最大总产量unleaded gasoline 无铅汽油visbreaking 减黏viscosity 黏度viscosity index 黏度指数water-bearing bed 含水层well head 井口well logging 测井well site 井场，井位wildcat 野猫井，探井xylene 二甲苯yellow hammer 钻工zeolite 沸石烷（烃）基alkyl 浣基化，烷（基）化物alkylation芳香族环烃，芳香族化合物aromatics 沥青asphalt 苯benzene 盐井brine well 丁烷butane 焦碳coke 原油crude oil 柴油diesel 蒸馏distillation 乙烷ethane 乙烯ethylene 原料feed 燃料油fuel oil 加热炉furmace汽油gasoline 皮革（润滑油）harness oil 航空煤油jet fuel 煤油kerosene 液化天然气lpg 润滑油lubes 甲烷methane 辛烷octane 油轮oil tanker 管线pipeline 泵pump 成品油管线product pipeline 反应炉reactor 炼油厂refinery残油resid 溶剂solvent 固定污染源stationary source无硫油sweet pennsylvania crude 油罐tanks 甲苯toluene石油专业英语Drilling 钻井1. Carry out drilling operation in accordance with the drilling program. 按钻井程序进行钻井作业.2. Prepared bell nipple. 准备”喇叭口”短节.3. Make up 2 joints of drill pipe. 接两根钻杆.4. Break out this connection. 卸开该接头.5. Run hole opener to sea bed. 下扩眼器到海底6. Mix gel fluid for drilling conductor hole. 为钻导管井眼配制高粘度泥浆.7. Make up bottom hole assembly. 组合下部钻具8. Check and reset crown-saver on every tour. 每个班都要检查并重新调整天车防碰装置.9. Number stands on trip out and trip in. 起下钻时给立柱编号.10. Pick up BHA and run to seafloor. 将下部钻具下到海底.11. Pick up stands. 接立柱12. Don’t drill faster than 15 minutes for 1 stand. 钻进速度别超过15分钟1根立柱13. Drop TOTCO. 投(陶特)测斜仪14. Fish TOTCO with overshot. 用打捞筒捞起测斜仪15. Resume drilling to T.D. 继续钻进到总深16. Circulate 15 minutes.循环15分钟17. Run in hole. 下钻18. Put out of hole. 起钻19. Make an inventory of all ring gaskets. 开一个所有垫圈的清单20. Use spinning tong. 使用气动扳手21. Operate the air winch. 操作气动绞车22. Lay down 57 joints of 5” drill pipe. 甩57根钻杆23. Pick up drill stem test tool. 提起钻杆测试工具24. Circulate mud for 2 hours. 循环泥浆2小时25. Move string during circulation. 在循环时注意活动钻具26. Circulate hole clean. 循环清洗井眼27. Circulate bottoms up. 循环泥浆几周28. Fill up every 5 stands. 每5柱灌泥浆一次29. Check mud weight every 15 minutes. 每15分钟检查泥浆比重30. Reverse out excess cement. 反循环替出多余的泥浆31. Change/replace old mud by new mud. 用新的泥浆替换出旧的泥浆32. Stop drilling. 停止钻进33. Drilling ahead. 钻进34. Pull out of hole bit. 起出钻头35. Change bit. 换钻头36. Run the wear bushing. 下抗磨补心37. The bit thread type is regular pin. 钻头丝扣是正规公扣38. What’s the make-up torque? 上扣扭矩要多大?39. Run in 9” collars. 下9”钻铤40. The cathead can’t give enough torque. 猫头力量不够41. Connect crossover sub. 接上配合接头42. The tong angle is too small. 大钳的角度太小了43. Stop circulating. 停止循环泥浆44. Break out the stand. 卸立柱45. Set the single into the mousehole. 把这个单根放进鼠洞46. Can we break out the pipe with rotary table? 可用转盘卸扣吗?47. No! Break it out with tong. 不行! 要用大钳卸扣48. Spin it out with the air spanner. 用气动扳手卸扣49. Put the pipe wiper on the string. 装上钻杆刮泥器50. Don’t set this stand back. 这根钻杆不要放在钻杆盒上51. Make up the lift sub. 接好提升短节52. Secure the safety clamp. 上紧安全卡瓦53. The bit is nearing the shoe. 钻头快到套管鞋了54. Slow down the running speed. 放慢下放速度55. This is the undergauged interval. 这是缩径井段56. This is the drilling program. 这是钻井设计书57. How much weight on bit is required? 要加多少钻压?58. Keep the rotary speed at 120---140 RPM. 转速保持120---140转/分59. Keep the flow rate at 3000 LPM. 保持排量3000升/分60. The pump pressure is too high. 泵压太高了61. Don’t ream the hole too fast. 划眼不要太快62. Notice the rotary torque. 注意转盘扭矩的变化63. The penetration rate is getting slower. 钻速变慢了64. The bit is nearly worn out. 钻头快磨光了65. Stop drilling at 2022年meters. 钻至2022年米停钻66. Circulate for one hour. 循环一个小时67. The pump pressure has increased. 泵压升高了68. One nozzle may be plugged. 可能有一个水眼(或: 喷嘴)堵了69. What is the hook load? 悬重多少?70. What’s the pick-up weight? 上提重量是多少?71. What’s the lowering weight? 下放重量是多少?72. Run in HWDP. 下加重钻杆73. A stabilizer is needed here. 这里需要一个扶正器74. This is a flexible sub. 这是挠性接头75. This is the BHA log. 这是下部钻具组合记录76. Record all outside and inside diameters. 记录好所有(入井工具的)内外径77. We need a short drill collar. 需要一根短钻铤78. Pull the cat line. 拉猫头79. Operate the break lever. 操作(或:扶)刹把80. Stop the pumps. 停泵81. Make a wiper trip. 通井82. Retrieve wear bushing. 取出抗磨补心83. Bleed off pressure. (释)放压(力)84. Keep 5 wraps on the drum. 滚筒上留5圈85. Set slips. 座上卡瓦86. If tight hole, repeat wiper trip. 如果井眼紧, 重复划眼87. Setback bottom hole assembly. 将下部钻具立于钻杆盒内88. Make sure all alarms are on. 确保所有的警报信号都开着89. Lay down TDS spinner. 拆下顶部驱动的旋扣器90. Run in hole bit #15 to bottom. 用15号钻头下钻到井底91. Run in hole to casing shoe. 下钻至套管鞋92. Pick up same bit and BHA. 装上同样的钻头和钻具组合93. Lay down 5” HW drill pipe. 甩5”加重钻杆94. Move string every 2 hours. 每2小时活动钻具一次95. Keep area around shaker clean. 保持振动筛区域干净96. Control trip gas. 控制起下钻气97. Ream if needed. 如必要时进行划眼98. Select the best penetration rate. 选择最佳钻进速度99. Fix the traveling assembly. 固定游动系统100. Check power tongs and spinning rope are on drill floor. 检查动力钳和尾绳是否在钻台100. What’s the weight on bit? 钻压是多少?101. What is the BHA of this well? 这口井的下部钻具如何组合?102. Drill out cement. 钻穿水泥103. Drill out 20” casing shoe. 钻穿20”套管鞋104. Latch the elevator. 扣吊卡105. Unlatch the elevator. 开吊卡106. Set the slips. 放卡瓦107. Adjust the crown-o-matic (crown saver). 调整防碰天车108. Lock the hook pin. 锁紧大钩销子109. Check OD of stabilizer. 检查扶正器的外径110. Perform leak off test. 进行地层破裂(或:渗漏)测试111. Connect kill and choke line. 接上压井和放喷管线112. Reverse out the drill pipe. 反循环清洗钻杆113. Make a short trip. 进行短途起下钻114. Change the cutters. 换割刀115. Slug the pipe. 灌重泥浆116. Drill the stand down. 钻完立柱117. Start/run the shale shaker. 开振动筛118. Start the desanders. 开除砂器119. Start the desilters. 开除泥器120. Change it with a 40 mesh screen. 换成40目筛布121. Shut it off. 关掉122. Pull it to the cat ramp. 把它拉到坡道上去123. Make a fast connection. 接单根要快124. Don’t dump the mud into the sea. 不要把泥浆排放到海里125. Disconnect it with a chain tong. 用链钳卸开126. Put a thread protector. 加一个(丝扣)护箍127. Can we use the power slips? 可以使用动力卡瓦吗?oil field 油田wildcat 盲目开掘的油井percussive drilling 冲击钻探rotary drilling 旋转钻探offshore drilling 海底钻探well 井，油井derrick 井架Christmas tree 采油树crown block 定滑轮travelling block 动滑轮drill pipe, drill stem 钻杆drill bit 钻头roller bit 牙轮钻头diamond bit 钻石钻头swivel 泥浆喷嘴turntable, rotary table 轮盘pumping station 泵站sampling 取样sample 样品，样本core sample 矿样storage tank 储油罐pipeline 油管pipe laying 输油管线oil tanker 油轮tank car, tanker （铁路）罐车，槽车tank truck, tanker （汽车）运油罐车，油罐车refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 净化hydrocarbon 烃，碳氢化合物crude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油（美作：gasoline）LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气octane number 辛烷数，辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蜡kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil 柴油lubricating oil 润滑油asphalt 沥青benzene 苯fuel 燃料natural gas 天然气olefin 烯烃high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油，高辛烷值汽油plastic 塑料synthetic rubber 合成橡胶solvent 溶剂。
海洋石油勘探与开发：平台建造、钻井、测井与测试(中英文)
Prospect Evaluation 有利目标评价
Abandon 弃井
No Discovery 无发现
Logging 测井
Discovery 油气发现
Abandon No Commercial Value
弃井
无商业价值
Testing 测试
Drilling 钻井
Exploitation 开发
Choose Well Location 井位确定
Tough environment: Typhoon, monsoon and black current and so on. 恶劣环境：台风、季风、黑潮等
Shallow layer geologic hazard Shallow gas accident 浅层地质灾害、浅层气
Wireline Logging of Offshore Drilling 电缆测井
海洋石油平台
油气田设施建设内容按过程分包括： Building Procedure of a Production Platform
1、设计 Design 2、建造 Building 3、安装 Installment 4、调试 Commissioning 5、机械完工和投产 Putting into Production
分离器
油管汇
阻流管汇
加热炉 钢丝绞车
燃烧头 气管汇
燃烧臂
数据头
流动头
井上设备和井下工具 Surface Equipment and Downhole Equipment
Testing of Offshore Oil Exploration
测试
The Purpose of Testing
测试的目的
石油化工专业英语词汇
coal field 煤田 core analysis 岩心分析 cracked gasoline 裂解汽油 cracking process 裂解法 crude 原油 crude oil 原油 crude oil cracking 源由裂解 cut back asphalt 涂料柏油 dehydrogenation 脱氢 density 密度 derrick 井架 development well 开发井 diesel oil 柴油 directional well 定向井 discovery well 发现井 distillate 分馏油 distillation 蒸馏 drilling 钻井 EA(Environmental Assessment) 环境评价 如需转载，请注明来自：FanE『翻译中国』http;// energy conservation 节约能源 evaluation well 评价井 exploration 探勘 exploratory well 采勘井
中国页岩气钻井工程标准体系评价及建议
学术研讨中国页岩气钻井工程标准体系评价及建议■ 李紫剑 苏 昱 罗越耀 沈欣宇*（中国石油西南油气田公司工程技术研究院）摘 要：随着我国天然气的对外依存度持续增加，页岩气的高效开发对中国的经济发展、减少碳排放、能源结构调整和能源安全具有重要意义，其中钻井工程是页岩气开发的重要组成部分。
为了给页岩气安全高效开发提供技术支持，进一步完善页岩气钻井工程标准体系，本文总结了目前的页岩气与页岩气钻井工程标准体系建设的进程，综合考虑页岩气开发的特点和现场工区的实际情况，针对目前已发布的钻井工程相关的页岩气钻井工程标准进行了适应性评价，分析了页岩气钻井工程标准体系进一步的需求，并对已发布的页岩气钻井标准体系给出了建议。
目前页岩气钻井工程的相关标准尚存在一些问题，先进技术不断在现场应用与普及，建议根据工区实际情况和页岩气钻井的技术要求进行适当修订。
关键词：页岩气，钻井工程，标准化，标准体系DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1002-5944.2023.21.001Evaluation and Suggestionof China’s Standards System on Shale Gas Drilling EngineeringLI Zi-jian SU Yu LUO Yue-yao SHEN Xin-yu*（Engineering Technology Research Institute of Petro China Southwest Oil & Gasfi eld Company）Abstract:As China’s dependence on imported natural gas continues to increase, the efficient development of shale gas is of great significance to China’s economic development, carbon emission reduction, energy structure adjustment and energy security, of which drilling engineering is an important part of shale gas development. In order to provide technical support for the safe and effi cient development of shale gas, and further improve the shale gas drilling engineering standards system, this paper summarizes the current construction process of engineering standards system for shale gas and shale gas drilling, considers the characteristics of shale gas development and the actual situation of the working area, and evaluates the adaptability of the currently published standards for shale gas drilling engineering. It also analyzes the further needs of the shale gas drilling engineering, and provides suggestions for the published standards system of shale gas drilling engineering. At present, there are still some problems in the standards on shale gas drilling engineering, while the technologies are being applied and promoted in the fi eld. The paper suggests making appropriate revisions according to the actual situation in the fi eld and the technical requirements of shale gas drilling.Keywords: shale gas, drilling engineering, standardization, standards system0 引 言页岩气是一种自生自储的非常规油气资源，对中国能源结构调整具有重要意义[1-2]。
译文笔记
Corporate Profile中国海洋石油总公司（简称“中国海油”、“总公司”或“集团”）是中央特大型国有企业（该句为附属从句，所以用A s…），也是中国最大的海上油气生产商（这是该句的强调重点）。
公司成立于1982年，注册资本949亿元人民币，总部设在北京，现有员工6.58万人。
As a mega central-owned enterprise(COE), China National Offshore Oil Corporation (hereinafter referred to as CNOOC) is the largest offshore oil and gas producer in China. Founded in 1982, the Beijing-based CNOOC currently employs 65,800 people with a registered capital of 94.9 billion RMB. SASACState-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council of China 国资委简称也可以译为… for short/ also known as ….自成立以来，中国海油保持了良好的发展态势（结论），由一家单纯从事油气开采的上游公司(核心词和外围词，油气开采本身属于上游企业，所以此处单纯和上游不需要翻译)，发展成为主业突出、产业链完整的综合型能源集团（用ing来做补充说明），(切句)形成了上游（油气勘探、开发、生产及销售）、中下游（天然气及发电、化工、炼化、化肥）、专业技术服务（油田服务、海油工程、综合服务）、金融服务以及新能源等产业板块(产业板块不需要翻译，前面已经有具体的板块内容，中文习惯于在具体词后回一个概括词，所以这些概括词无需翻译)。
合同管理为核心强化海洋油气工程项目的管理
从中获利，在合同中修改了招标文件中的数据，还有采评标的价格取代了投标的价格等，这种现象属于违法行为，但是为了获取利益，企业或者部分单位还是选择铤而走险，这给后续的管理带来了不利的影响。
在签订合同时，如果在签订合同的过程中出现了错误，交易的双方都必须要承担相应的法律责任，所以签订过程必须按照法律流程来。
其次，在招标文件中的数据要经过仔细核对，使其具有法律依据，这样可以减少后续的修改，减少工程结算和工程造价的风险[1]。
1.3 合同后续修改由于在签订合同时，没有将各个因素充分考虑进去，缺少专业人士的指导，导致在项目开展过程中，需要对合同内容进行反复修改。
在一般情况下，合同一经签订盖章，就具备了法律效益，在合同中的材料价格以及其他支付款项，在工程结算时都会成为最终的价格，但是由于海洋油气工程项目的时间跨度较大，影响因素很多，所以在后续工作中，还需要对合同的价格进行更改。
由此，我们也可以得出结论，合同在签订初期的价格是不合理的，在合同中没有能对外界各个影响因素进行充分考虑，采用固有的模式是不具备有科学性的。
所以，企业在拟定合同时，需要请专业工程师和律师参与进来，制定一份合理的、科学的、合法的项目管理合同，使后续的工程结算以及工程造价中减少出现的各种问题。
2 完善海洋油气工程的合同管理细节2.1 动态管理由于海洋油气工程具有非常多的不确定性，在施工过程中，由于天气、人工、以及机械等各种不确定性因素，导致在施工过程中存在着许多的隐患，导致延误工期，没办法在规定的日期0 引言海洋油气工程是一项偌大的工业产业，受到国家政府的高度重视，在管理上有可能会存在不足的地方，为工程管理带来了安全隐患，所谓“千里之堤，溃于蚁穴”，必须要保证每一个步骤都要按照标准完成，对施工人员进行有效监督。
本文提出了合同管理对施工过程的管理有着重要的作用，对海洋油气工程的顺利开展具有现实意义。
1 海洋油气工程项目管理的影响因素1.1 招投标文件质量招投标文件是海洋油气工程项目管理签订的基础，可以说，海洋油气工程的后续作业的顺利开展都离不开这一份招投标文件。
深水海底管道J型铺管法及关键技术浅析
961 引言随着海洋油气资源的进一步开发和近海油气资源探明储量的日益枯竭，走向深水是海洋工程未来发展的方向。
海底管道系统由于运输介质的安全性、稳定性和低成本，作为海洋油气田开发生产系统的重要组成部分同样朝着深水迈进。
目前国际知名的海洋工程公司拥有着较为成熟的深水海底管道铺设技术、丰富的施工经验以及完善的铺管船舶与配套设备，并在世界范围内有着大量的成功实施案例。
其中，Blue Stream工程是深海管道铺设的里程碑，其海管直径为24in，管壁厚度为31.8mm，最大铺设水深则达到了2200m。
但对于国内海洋工程界来说，深水海底管道铺设还处于初步研究和探索阶段，在深水铺管的方法和设备上与国际一流水平存在较大差距。
荔湾3-1 6” MEG深水海底管道铺设工程是国内海洋工程界对深水管道铺设的首次成功尝试，其最大铺设水深达到1500m。
本文将概述海底管道铺设方法，并着重对深水海底管道J型铺管法及深水海底管道铺设的关键技术予以详细介绍和说明，以供今后类似工程参考。
2 海底管道铺设方法介绍海底管道铺设主要有四种方法：S型铺管法，即海底管道通过船尾的托管架入水，形成S形曲线铺入海底，由于管线整体形态呈“S”型而得名，如图-1所示；Ｊ型铺管法，即海底管道以接近垂直的形态离开铺管船，沿垂弯段向下，直至铺入海底，由于管线整体形态呈“Ｊ”型而得名，如图-2所示；卷筒式铺管法，即将在陆地预制的钢管缠绕在卷筒上运至海上进行铺设而得名，如图-3所示；拖管式铺管法，即将在陆地预制的钢管图1 S-型铺管示意图 图2 J-型铺管示意图目前深水海底管道铺设可采用J型铺管法和S型铺管法。
其中S型铺管法在铺设深水海底管道时，由于管道脱离导管架的角度较小，管道悬链线较长，因此需要张力较大，一般仅适用铺设中、小管径深水海底管道。
而Ｊ型铺管法在铺设深水海底管道时，由于管道脱离角度非常接近垂直，管道悬链线较短，因此需要张力较小，适用于各种管径的深水海底管道的铺设。
中国将在尼日利亚投资建设一座80亿美元的炼油厂
英语知识China is to build an $8bn oil refinery in Nigeria.中国将在尼日利亚投资建设一座80亿美元的炼油厂。
It will be the first of three refineries under a deal signed in May between Nigeria's state oil company, NNPC, and the China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC).Therefinery（精炼厂，冶炼厂）will be built in the Lekki free trade zone of Lagos, Nigeria's biggest city.The Chinese will cover 80% of the cost, and NNPC 20%, while the state of Lagos will provide land and infrastructure.Under the $23bn framework agreement signed in May, NNPC and CSEC will also build two other refineries, in Bayelsa and Kogi, as well as a fuelcomplex（复合体，综合设施）.Nigeria already has four refineries, but they are widely seen to be poorlymaintained（维护，维修）and only running at 40% of capacity.As a result, the African country must currently import refined fuel, even though it is a majorcrude oil（原油）producer and exporter. 作为一个会议口译译员，应该全面发展，不仅能搞同声传译工作，也要能搞即席传译工作，二者缺一不可。
基于大数据分析的海上多层油田精细开发实践——以渤海L油田为例
石油地质与工程2021年3月PETROLEUM GEOLOGY AND ENGINEERING 第35卷第2期文章编号：1673–8217（2021）02–0044–06基于大数据分析的海上多层油田精细开发实践——以渤海L油田为例姜立富，徐中波，张章，李冰，孟云涛（中海石油（中国）有限公司天津分公司渤海石油研究院，天津300459）摘要：针对常规数据分析方法自动化与智能化程度低，难以满足海上油田开发规律深度挖掘的需求,基于标准化数据平台建设和大数据程序开发，在渤海L油田开展了大规模、多专业和复杂生产规律下的油田开发数据的高效分析和应用。
结果表明，通过油井生产数据参数相关性分析和产液规律数据挖掘，可完成油井产液能力影响因素分析；综合储层物性与注采动态等多专业数据，可完成不同井区平面及纵向注水状况分析；结合油藏大数据体构建与机器学习方法，可完成优势产能潜力区域筛选。
研究成果直接应用于油田实际措施优选与方案优化后，达到了提高油田精细开发效果的目的。
关键词：大数据；产液结构；分层调配；井位优化；精细开发中图分类号：TE53 文献标识码：AFine development practice of offshore multi-layer oilfield based on big data analysis--by taking Bohai L oilfield as an exampleJIANG Lifu, XU Zhongbo, ZHANG Zhang, LI Bing, MENG Yuntao(Bohai Petroleum Research Institute, Tianjin Company of CNOOC (China) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300459, China) Abstract:The conventional data analysis method has low degree of automation and intelligence, which is difficult to meet the needs of deep mining of offshore oilfield development law. Based on the construction of standardized data platform and the development of big data program, the efficient analysis and application of oilfield development data under large-scale, multi professional and complex production rules were carried out in Bohai L oilfield. The results show that through the correlation analysis of oil well production data parameters and the data mining of liquid production law, the analysis of influencing factors of oil well liquid production capacity can be completed. Through the correlation analysis of oil well production data parameters and data mining of liquid production law, the influencing factors of oil well liquid production capacity can be analyzed.Through the comprehensive analysis of reservoir physical properties and injection production performance data, the plane and vertical water injection situation of different well areas can be analyzed. Combined with reservoir big data volume construction and machine learning method, the region selection of dominant productivity potential can be realized. After the research results are directly applied to the optimization of practical measures and schemes, the purpose of improving the effect of oilfield fine development is achieved.Key words:big data; fluid production structure; layered deployment; well location optimization; fine development1 概述L油田位于渤海中部，为岩性–构造层状油藏，纵向上储层数较多，可达40余个小层，由于长期大段合采合注，注采矛盾突出[1]。
211064100_海上多孔介质通道内氢气换热与正仲氢转化的耦合特性
化工进展Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress2023 年第 42 卷第 3 期海上多孔介质通道内氢气换热与正仲氢转化的耦合特性孙崇正1，樊欣2，李玉星2，许洁3，韩辉2，刘亮2（1 山东科技大学储能技术学院，山东 青岛 266000；2 中国石油大学(华东)储运与建筑工程学院山东省油气储运安全重点实验室，山东 青岛 266580；3 国家管网集团北京管道有限公司，北京 100101）摘要：在我国“碳达峰、碳中和”的战略目标下，风电和化石能源制氢技术正不断发展，利用海上风电资源或天然气制备氢气，并通过储运技术送到氢能源市场，为解决海上风电并网和消纳的难题、促进深海天然气资源的低碳发展提供了可行的思路，因此研究应用于浮式氢气液化工艺系统的绕管式换热器海上适应性具有重要意义。
本文基于多自由度的晃荡平台，搭建了浮式多孔介质通道内压降测试实验装置；基于多孔介质模型、正-仲氢转化和氢流动换热理论模型，建立了多孔介质通道内耦合正-仲氢转化的流动换热数值模型。
通过实验与数值模拟相结合的方法，分析海况和水平条件下多孔介质换热通道的性能变化。
研究结果表明，填充催化剂的绕管式换热器多孔介质通道内压降明显，温降不明显，管内仲氢含量增加；随着氢气流量的增加，传热系数逐渐增大，而出口仲氢的含量逐渐降低；海况对海上多孔介质换热通道的压降和传热特性影响较小。
关键词：海上；换热器；氢气储运；正仲氢转化；氢气液化中图分类号：TE646 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6613（2023）03-1281-10Coupling characteristics of hydrogen heat transfer and normal-parahydrogen conversion in offshore porous media channelsSUN Chongzheng 1，FAN Xin 2，LI Yuxing 2，XU Jie 3，HAN Hui 2，LIU Liang 2(1 College of Energy Storge Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, Shandong China;2College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and TransportationSafety, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China; 3 PipeChina Beijing Pipeline Company, Beijing100101, China)Abstract: Under our country ’s strategic goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, wind power and fossil energy hydrogen production technologies are constantly developing. Use offshore wind power resources or natural gas to produce hydrogen and send it to the hydrogen energy market through storage and transportation technology, which provides a feasible idea for solving the problems of offshore wind power grid integration and consumption and promotes the low-carbon development of deep-sea natural gas resources. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the offshore adaptability of the spiral wound heat exchanger applied in the floating hydrogen liquefaction process system. Based on the multi-degree-of-freedom sloshing platform, an experimental device for pressure drop testing in floating porous media channels was built. Based on the porous media model, the theoretical model of normal-parahydrogen研究开发DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0892收稿日期：2022-05-16；修改稿日期：2022-10-01。
Rapid Development of China's Offshore Oil Industry
Rapid Development of China's Offshore Oil Industry Zhang Haimin
【期刊名称】《中国油气（英文版）》
【年(卷),期】2002(009)001
【摘要】@@成立于1982年2月15日，中国全国海上石油公司（中海油）经历了二十年的快速发展，其中2001年年度海上石油产量从1982年的90,000吨剧烈增加到2313万吨，这是跳跃的总资产720亿元从28亿元人民币，总雇员从30,000人下降到21,000人。
该海上石油巨头于2001年产生了92亿元的利润，税收超过40亿元，批发产业成本降至每桶9美元。
【总页数】4页(P17-20)
【作者】Zhang Haimin
【作者单位】无
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】F4
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英译汉----中石化
英译汉考纲解读通过分析总结历年中石化职称英语考试的翻译部分试题，我们发现中石化职称英语考试翻译部分考查的目的和要求很明确：考生需具备的一定的技巧和能力，掌握必备的专业词汇，能够运用一定的翻译策略进行英译汉，且译文通顺，用词准确，无明显语法错误、错译和漏译。
本部分正是根据中石化职称英语考试真题的能力要求编写而成的，力求在提高考生的快速提高、正确进行英译汉，培养考生的翻译技巧和能力等方面给予考生尽可能多的、有效的指导和启发。
第一章科技英语的特点及文体风格1. 科技英语的语言特点概述任何作品均有自己特定的文体，文体不同，翻译方法也要因之而异。
试观察下列片断的原文及译文。
"You are quiet tonight, Steve. Did something happen at work today?""You bet it did. The company is having some real problems. I may lose my job.""Oh, Steve, tell me all about it.""It's so depressing. I hate talking about it. Sales have dropped during the last year.""But you've been the top salesman for three years in a row. ""I know, but they are talking about letting all the newer employees go.""That is not fair. You have brought in a lot of money.""I agree. But it's got to do with the politics of the company."“斯蒂夫。
江苏省平潮高级中学高三英语备课M10M11形容词、副词核心词汇课件(共25张)
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You have to believe in yourself. That's the secret of success. 人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。
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3) 坚强的；坚韧不拔的 She’s a tough cookie/customer. 她是个有主见的人。 4)（人）剽悍的；粗暴的；粗野的 He plays the tough guy in the movie. 他在电影中扮演硬汉。 5) 不易损坏的 a tough pair of shoes 一双结实的鞋子 (as) tough as old boots/(as) tough as nails 坚韧不拔；不为所动 比较：rough：纹理粗糙，表面不光滑；粗略的，大概的；（人，
B. contradictory
C. confidential
D. conventional
4. If what your friend comes up with surorises you, don`t reject it immediately. _______, imagine that it is true.(13,浙江)
D. tentative
13.China and Russia will work together to deepen their ___strategic
partnership in order to promote the development of both countries and
contribute to a lasting world peace.(2017金陵、海安、南外三校联考）
A. comtemporary
B. temporary