经济学词汇
经济学英语词汇
经济学英语词汇在研究和学习经济学的过程中，掌握相关的英语词汇是非常重要的。
以下是一些经济学中常用的英语词汇及其含义：1、Economic：经济的，与经济相关的。
2、Finance：金融，财政。
3、Accounting：会计，会计学。
4、Market：市场，市场营销。
5、Price：价格，价值。
6、Currency：货币，通货。
7、Interest Rate：利率。
8、Exchange Rate：汇率。
9、Stock：股票，股份。
10、Bond：债券。
11、Futures：期货。
12、Options：期权。
13、Commodity：商品，大宗商品。
14、Price Index：价格指数。
15、Economy Growth：经济增长。
16、Unemployment Rate：失业率。
17、Inflation：通货膨胀。
18、Interest Rate Policy：利率政策。
19、Monetary Policy：货币政策。
20、Fiscal Policy：财政政策。
21、Supply-Side Economics：供给侧经济学。
22、Demand-Side Economics：需求侧经济学。
23、Comparative Advantage：比较优势。
24、Gains from Trade：贸易收益。
25、Barriers to Trade：贸易壁垒。
26、Dumping：倾销。
27、DumpingMargin：倾销差价。
28、Economic Liberalization：经济自由化。
29、Privatization：私有化。
30、Liberalization：自由化。
31、Globalization：全球化。
32、Protectionism：保护主义。
33、Stagflation：滞胀，即经济停滞与高通货膨胀、失业以及不景气并存的经济现象。
34、Recession：经济衰退，经济连续两个季度出现负增长。
常见经济学名词解释
常见经济学名词解释以下是50个详细的经济学名词及其解释，涵盖了从微观到宏观的广泛领域：1. 供给与需求（Supply and Demand）供给是指卖方在一定时间内愿意并能够提供的商品数量，而需求是消费者愿意并能够购买的数量。
两者共同决定市场价格，供不应求时价格上升，供过于求时价格下降。
2. 国内生产总值（GDP, Gross Domestic Product）GDP是衡量一个国家或地区在一定时期内生产的所有最终商品和服务的总市场价值，用于反映经济规模和健康状况。
3. 通货膨胀（Inflation）通货膨胀是指物价水平普遍上涨，导致货币购买力下降。
持续的高通胀会削弱居民的生活水平。
4. 通货紧缩（Deflation）与通货膨胀相反，通货紧缩是指物价水平普遍下降，这可能引发经济衰退，因为消费者可能会延迟购买，期待价格进一步下降。
5. 机会成本（Opportunity Cost）机会成本是指为选择某个选项所放弃的其他选项的最大收益。
在资源有限的情况下，选择A的机会成本是你为选择B所放弃的价值。
6. 边际效用（Marginal Utility）指消费者增加一单位商品或服务时获得的额外效用。
通常，随着消费的增加，边际效用会递减。
7. 边际收益（Marginal Revenue）边际收益是指企业销售每增加一单位产品所获得的额外收入。
在完全竞争市场中，边际收益等于价格。
8. 边际成本（Marginal Cost）指企业生产每增加一单位商品或服务所增加的成本。
边际成本通常随产量增加而上升。
9. 需求弹性（Price Elasticity of Demand）衡量消费者对商品价格变动的敏感程度。
如果需求对价格变动非常敏感，需求弹性较大；如果变化不大，则需求弹性较小。
10. 供给弹性（Price Elasticity of Supply）衡量供给量对价格变动的反应程度。
供给弹性较大意味着生产者能够迅速调整产量。
11. 比较优势（Comparative Advantage）即使一个国家在生产所有商品上的效率都不如其他国家，它也应该专注于生产相对成本较低的商品，这样能实现全球资源的更优配置。
最全经济学英语词汇(打印版)
最全经济学英语词汇(打印版)经济学英语词汇经济学英语词汇 1、General terms 一般术语 economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 自由经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门 public sector 公共部门,公共成分 economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 concentration 集中holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活标准,生活水平 purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气 underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的 2、Capital 资本 initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozenassets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本 available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物 reserve 准备金,储备金 calling up of capital 催缴资本 allocation of funds 资金分配 contribution of funds 资金捐献 working capital fund 周转基金 revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金 contingencyfund 意外开支,准备金 reserve fund 准备金 buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金 investment 投资,资产 investor 投资人 self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给 bank 银行 current account 经常帐户 (美作:checking account) current-account holder 支票帐户 (美作:checking-account holder) cheque 支票 (美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer无记名支票,来人支票 crossed cheque 划线支票 traveller's cheque 旅行支票 chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书 transfer 转让,转帐,过户 money 货币 issue 发行 ready money 现钱 cash 现金 ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠 change 零钱 banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill) to pay (in) cash 付现金 domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性 convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率 foreign exchange 外汇 floating exchange rate 浮动汇率 free第 1 页共 10 页exchange rates 自由汇兑市场 foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货 speculation 投机 saving 储装,存款 depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值 revaluation 重估价 runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀 deflation 通货紧缩 capital flight 资本外逃 securities business 证券市场 stock exchange 股票市场 stock exchange corporation 证券交易所 stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所 quotation 报价,牌价 share 股份,股票 shareholder, stockholder股票持有人,股东 dividend 股息,红利 cash dividend 现金配股 stock investment 股票投资 investment trust 投资信托 stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司 securities 有价证券 share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股 income gain 股利收入 issue 发行股票 parvalue 股面价格, 票面价格 bull 买手, 多头 bear 卖手, 空头 assigned 过户opening price 开盘 closing price 收盘 hard times 低潮 business recession 景气衰退 doldrums 景气停滞 dull 盘整 ease 松弛 raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌 bond, debenture 债券 Wall Street 华尔街 3、Credit 信贷 short term loan 短期贷款 long term loan 长期贷款 medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人 creditor 债权人 debtor 债务人,借方 borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款 interest 利息 rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣 rediscount 再贴现 annuity 年金 maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付 redemption 偿还 insurance 保险mortgage 抵押 allotment 拨款 short term credit 短期信贷 consolidated debt 合并债务 funded debt 固定债务,长期债务 floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存 aid 援助 allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、Pruduction 生产 output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者 productive, producing 生产的 products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品 article 物品,商品 manufactured goods, finished goods制成品,产成品 raw product 初级产品 semifinished goods 半成品 by-product 副产品 foodstuffs 食品 raw material 原料 supply 供应,补给 input 投入 productivity 生产率 productiveness 赢利性 overproduction 生产过剩5、Expenses 耗费cost 成本,费用 expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出 fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本 overheads 杂项开支,间接成本 operating costs 生产费用,营业成本 operating expenses 营业费用 running expenses 日常费用,经营费用 miscellaneous costs 杂项费用 overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用 upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用 transport costs 运输费用 social charges 社会负担费用第 2 页共 10 页contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用 apportionment of expenses分摊费用 6、Profit 利润 income 收入,收益 earnings 利润,收益 gross income,gross earnings 总收入,总收益 gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额 netincome 纯收益,净收入,收益净额 average income 平均收入 national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率 yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值 7、taxes 税 duty 税taxation system 税制 taxation 征税,纳税 fiscal charges 财务税收progressivetaxation 累进税制 graduated tax 累进税 value added tax 增值税 income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税 excise tax 特许权税 basis of assessment 估税标准 taxableincome 须纳税的收入 fiscality 检查 tax-free 免税的 tax exemption 免税 taxpayer纳税人 tax collector 收税员 8、Internal economic and trade orgnization 国际经济与贸易组织 China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会 National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会 Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会 Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会 BritishCouncil for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会 International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会 International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会 Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会 United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会 Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织 European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体 European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区 Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会 Eurogroup 欧洲集团 Group of Ten 十国集团 Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会 Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场(加勒比自由贸易同盟) Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场 Latin American Free TradeAssociation, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟 Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场 African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织第 3 页共 10 页East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场 Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟 West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织 Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织 Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区 CentreNational du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法国对外贸易中心 People's Bank of China 中国人民银行 Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行 World Bank 世界银行 International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会 International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织 European Economic andMonetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟 European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金 Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行AfricanDevelopment Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行 Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行 National city Bank of New York 花旗银行 American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行 American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行 TheChase Bank 大通银行 Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行 Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行 UnitedBank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行 Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行 Bank ofTokyo,Ltd. 东京银行 Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司 La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体 Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会 United Nations Development Program, NUDP联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金UnitedNations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织 UnitedNations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议 Foodand Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织 Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会 Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会 Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会 Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会 Overseas Chinese 第 4 页共 10 页Investment Company 华侨投资公司 New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场 Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所A C competitive market 竞争性市场 accounting 会计 capital 资本complement goods 互补品 accounting cost 会计成本 capital stock 资本存量complete information 完全信息 accounting profit 会计利润 capital output ratio 资本产出比率 completeness 完备性 adverse selection 逆向选择capitalism 资本主义 condition for efficiency in exchange allocation 配置 cardinal utility theory 基数效用论交换的最优条件allocation of resources 资源配置 cartel 卡特尔 condition for efficiency inallocative efficiency 配置效率ceteris puribus assumption “其他条production 生产的最优条件 antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法件不变”的假设 concave 凹 arc elasticity 弧弹性 ceteris puribus demand curve 其他concave function 凹函数 Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗因素不变的需求曲线 concave preference 凹偏好不可能定理 Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型consistence 一致性 Assumption 假设 change in demand 需求变化 constant cost industry 成本不变产asymetric information 非对称性信change in quantity demanded 需求业息量变化 constant returns to scale 规模报酬average 平均 change in quantity supplied 供给量不变average cost 平均成本变化 constraints 约束 average cost pricing 平均成本定价change in supply 供给变化 consumer 消费者法 choice 选择consumer behavior 消费者行为 average fixed cost 平均固定成本 closed set 闭集 consumer choice 消费者选择 average product of capital 资本平均Coase theorem 科斯定理 consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡产量 Cobb—Douglas production function consumer optimization 消费者优化 average product of labour 劳动平均柯布--道格拉斯生产函数 consumer preference 消费者偏好产量 cobweb model 蛛网模型 consumer surplus 消费者剩余 average revenue 平均收益 collective bargaining 集体协议工资 consumer theory 消费者理论 average total cost 平均总成本 collusion 合谋 consumption 消费average variable cost 平均可变成本 command economy 指令经济 consumption bundle 消费束commodity 商品 consumption combination 消费组合 B commodity combination 商品组合 consumption possibility curve 消费barriers to entry 进入壁垒 commodity market 商品市场可能曲线base year 基年 commodity space 商品空间 consumption possibility frontier 消bilateral monopoly 双边垄断 common property 公用财产费可能性前沿 benefit 收益 comparative static analysis 比较静consumption set 消费集 black market 黑市态分析 consumption space 消费空间 bliss point极乐点 compensated budget line 补偿预算continuity 连续性 boundary point 边界点线 continuous function 连续函数 break even point 收支相抵点compensated demand function 补偿contract curve 契约曲线 budget 预算需求函数 convex 凸 budget constraint 预算约束 compensation principles 补偿原则 convex function 凸函数 budget line 预算线 compensating variation in income convex preference 凸偏好 budget set 预算集收入补偿变量 convex set 凸集competition 竞争 corporatlon 公司第 5 页共 10 页cost 成本 durable goods 耐用品 eqity 公平 cost benefit analysis 成本收益分 dynamic analysis 动态分析 equivalent variation in income 收入cost function 成本函数 dynamic models 动态模型等价变量cost minimization 成本极小化 excess—capacity theorem 过度生产Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡 E 能力定理Cournot model 古诺模型 Economic agents 经济行为者 excess supply 过度供给 Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹economic cost 经济成本 exchange 交换性 economic efficiency 经济效率 exchange contract curve 交换契约economic goods 经济物品曲线D economic man 经济人 exclusion 排斥性、排他性 dead—weights loss 重负损失 economic mode 经济模型 exclusion principle 排他性原则 decreasing cost industry 成本递减economic profit 经济利润 existence 存在性产业economic region of production 生产existence of general equilibrium 总decreasing returns to scale 规模报的经济区域体均衡的存在性酬递减economic regulation 经济调节 exogenous variables 外生变量 deduction 演绎法 economic rent 经济租金 expansion paths 扩展径 demand 需求 exchange 交换 expectation 期望 demand curve 需求曲线 economics 经济学 expected utility 期望效用 demand elasticity 需求弹性 exchange efficiency 交换效率expected value 期望值 demand function 需求函数 economy 经济 expenditure 支出 demand price 需求价格 exchange contract curve 交换契约explicitcost 显性成本 demand schedule 需求表曲线 external benefit 外部收益depreciation 折旧 economy of scale 规模经济 external cost 外部成本derivative 导数 Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思external economy 外部经济derive demand 派生需求图 external diseconomy 外部不经济 difference equation 差分方程 exclusion 排斥性、排他性 externalities 外部性differential equation 微分方程 Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思differentiated good 差异商品契约线 Fdifferentiated oligoply 差异寡头 Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型 Factor 要素 diminishing marginal substitution 边efficiency 效率，效益 factor demand 要素需求际替代率递减 efficiency parameter 效率参数 factor market 要素市场 diminishing marginal return 收益递elasticity 弹性 factors of production 生产要素减 elasticity of substitution 替代弹性 factor substitution 要素替代 diminishing marginal utility 边际效endogenous variable 内生变量 factor supply 要素供给用递减 endowment 禀赋 fallacy of composition 合成谬误 direct approach 直接法 endowment of resources 资源禀赋 final goods 最终产品 direct taxes 直接税 Engel curve 恩格尔曲线firm 企业 discounting 贴税、折扣 entrepreneur 企业家firms’demand curve for labor 企业diseconomies of scale 规模不经济 entrepreneurship 企业家才能劳动需求曲线 disequilibrium 非均衡 entry barriers 进入壁垒 firmsupply curve 企业供给曲线 distribution 分配 entry/exit decision 进出决策first-degree price discrimination 第division of labour 劳动分工envolope curve 包络线一级价格歧视 distribution theory of marginal equilibrium 均衡 first—order condition 一阶条件 productivity 边际生产率分配论 equilibrium condition 均衡条件 fixed costs 固定成本 duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡 equilibrium price 均衡价格 fixed input 固定投入 duality 对偶equilibrium quantity 均衡产量 fixed proportions production 第 6 页共 10 页function 固定比例的生产函数 identity 恒等式 institutional economics 制度经济学 flow 流量 imperfect competion 不完全竞争 insurance 保险fluctuation 波动 implicitcost 隐性成本 intercept 截距 for whom to produce 为谁生产 income 收入 interest 利息 free entry 自由进入 income compensated demand curve interest rate 利息率 free goods 自由品，免费品income constraint 收入约束 intermediate goods 中间产品 free mobility of resources 资源自由income consumption curve 收入消internatization of externalities 外部流动费曲线性内部化free rider 搭便车，免费搭车 income distribution 收入分配 invention发明 function 函数 income effect 收入效应 inverse demand function 逆需求函future value 未来值 income elasticity of demand 需求收数入弹性 investment 投资 G increasing cost industry 成本递增产invisible hand 看不见的手 game theory 对策论、博弈论业 isocost line 等成本线， general equilibrium 总体均衡 increasing returns to scale 规模报酬isoprofit curve 等利润曲线 general goods 一般商品递增 isoquant curve等产量曲线 Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需inefficiency 缺乏效率 isoquant map 等产量族求曲线 index number 指数Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜 indifference 无差异 KGini coefficient 吉尼系数 indifference curve 无差异曲线 kinded—demand curve 弯折的需求goldenrule 黄金规则 indifference map 无差异族曲线goods 货物 indifference relation 无差异关系government failure 政府失败 indifference set 无差异集 Lgovernment regulation 政府调控 indirect approach 间接法 labour 劳动grand utility possibility curve 总效individual analysis 个量分析 labour demand 劳动需求用可能曲线 individual demand curve 个人需求labour supply 劳动供给 grand utility possibility frontier 总曲线 labour theory of value 劳动价值论效用可能前沿 individual demand function 个人需labour unions 工会求函数 laissez faire 自由放任 H induced variable 引致变量 Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数 heterogeneous product 异质产品 induction 归纳法Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数， Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希industry 产业 land 土地克斯一卡尔多福利标准 industry equilibrium 产业均衡 law 法则homogeneity 齐次性 industry supply curve 产业供给曲law of demand and supply 供需法 homogeneous demand function 齐线 law of diminishing marginal utility次需求函数 inelastic 缺乏弹性的边际效用递减法则 homogeneous product 同质产品 inferior goods 劣品 law of diminishing marginal rate ofhomogeneous production function inflection point 拐点 substitution边际替代率递减法则齐次生产函数 information 信息 law of diminishing marginal rate ofhorizontal summation 水平和 information cost 信息成本 technical substitution 边际技术替household 家庭 initial condition 初始条件代率how to produce 如何生产 initial endowment 初始禀赋 law of increasing cost 成本递增法human capital 人力资本 innovation 创新则hypothesis 假说 input 投入 law of one price 单一价格法则input—output 投入—产出 leader—follower model 领导者--跟I institution 制度随者模型第 7 页共 10 页least—cost combination of inputs 最marginal returns 边际回报Necessary condition 必要条件低成本的投入组合 marginal revenue 边际收益necessities 必需品 leisure 闲暇 marginal revenue product 边际收益net demand 净需求 Leontief production function 列昂产品 nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好节夫生产函数 marginal revolution 边际革命 nonconvexity 非凸性licenses 许可证 marginal social benefit 社会边际收nonexclusion 非排斥性linear demand function 线性需求函益 nonlinear pricing 非线性定价数marginal social cost 社会边际成本 nonrivalry 非对抗性 linear homogeneity 线性齐次性 marginal utility 边际效用 nonprice competition 非价格竞争linear homogeneous production marginal value products 边际价值nonsatiation 非饱和性 function 线性齐次生产函数产品 non--zero—sum game 非零和对策 long run长期 market 市场 normal goods 正常品 long run average cost 长期平均成market clearance 市场结清，市场洗normal profit正常利润本清 normative economics 规范经济学 long run equilibrium 长期均衡 market demand 市场需求long run industry supply curve 长期market economy 市场经济 O产业供给曲线 market equilibrium 市场均衡 objective function 目标函数long run marginal cost 长期边际成market failure 市场失败 oligopoly 寡头垄断本 market mechanism 市场机制 oligopoly market 寡头市场 long run total cost 长期总成本 market structure 市场结构 oligopoly model 寡头模型Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线 market separation 市场分割 opportunity cost 机会成本 loss minimization 损失极小化 market regulation 市场调节 optimal choice 最佳选择 1ump sum tax 一次性征税 market share 市场份额 optimal consumption bundle 消费束 luxury 奢侈品 markup pricing 加减定价法perfect elasticity 完全有弹性Marshallian demand function 马歇optimal resource allocation 最佳资M 尔需求函数源配置macroeconomics 宏观经济学 maximization 极大化 optimal scale 最佳规模marginal 边际的 microeconomics 微观经济学 optimal solution 最优解marginal benefit 边际收益 minimum wage 最低工资 optimization 优化marginal cost 边际成本 misallocation of resources 资源误置 ordering of optimization(social)marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价 mixed economy 混合经济 preference (社会)偏好排序 marginal cost of factor 边际要素成model 模型 ordinal utility 序数效用本 money 货币 ordinary goods 一般品 marginal period 市场期 monopolistic competition 垄断竞争 output 产量、产出 marginal physical productivity 实际monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削 outputelasticity 产出弹性实物生产率 monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断 output maximization 产出极大化 marginal product 边际产量 monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡marginal product of capital 资本的monopoly pricing 垄断定价 P边际产量 monopoly regulation 垄断调控 parameter 参数 marginal product of 1abour 劳动的monopoly rents 垄断租金 Pareto criterion 帕累托标准边际产量 monopsony 买方垄断 Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率 marginal productivity 边际生产率 Pareto improvement 帕累托改进 marginal rate of substitution 边替代N Pareto optimality 帕累托优化率 Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡 Pareto set 帕累托集 marginal rate of transformation 边Natural monopoly 自然垄断 partial derivative 偏导数际转换率 Natural resources 自然资源 partial equilibrium 局部均衡第 8 页共 10 页patent 专利 producer equilibrium 生产者均衡 relative price 相对价格pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵 producer theory 生产者理论 rent 租金perceived demand curve 感觉到的product 产品 rent control 规模报酬需求曲线 product transformation curve 产品rent seeking 寻租 perfect competition 完全竞争转换曲线 rent seeking economics 寻租经济学 perfect complement 完全互补品 product differentiation 产品差异 resource 资源perfect monopoly 完全垄断 product group 产品集团 resource allocation 资源配置 perfect price discrimination 完全价production 生产 returns 报酬、回报格歧视 production contract curve 生产契约returns to scale 规模报酬 perfect substitution 完全替代品曲线 revealed preference 显示性偏好perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性 production efficiency 生产效率 revenue收益 perfectly elastic 完全有弹性 production function 生产函数 revenue curve 收益曲线 perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性 production possibility curve 生产可revenue function 收益函数 plant size 工厂规模能性曲线revenue maximization 收益极大化 point elasticity 点弹性 productivity 生产率 ridge line 脊线 positive economics 实证经济学 productivity of capital 资本生产率 risk 风险post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误 productivity of labor 劳动生产率prediction 预测 profit 利润 Spreference 偏好 profit function 利润函数 satiation 饱和，满足preference relation 偏好关系 profit maximization 利润极大化 saving 储蓄present value 现值 property rights 产权 scarcity 稀缺性 price 价格property rights economics 产权经济law of scarcity 稀缺法则 price adjustment model 价格调整模学 second—degree price discrimination 型 proposition 定理二级价格歧视 price ceiling 最高限价 proportional demand curve 成比例second derivative --阶导数 price consumption curve 价格费曲的需求曲线 second—order condition 二阶条件线 public benefits 公共收益 service 劳务 price control 价格管制 public choice 公共选择 set 集price difference 价格差别 public goods 公共商品 shadow prices 影子价格 price discrimination 价格歧视 pure competition 纯粹竞争 short—run 短期 price elasticity of demand 需求价格rivalry 对抗性、竞争 short—run cost curve 短期成本曲弹性 pure exchange 纯交换线price elasticity of supply 供给价格pure monopoly 纯粹垄断 short—run equilibrium 短期均衡弹性 short—run supply curve 短期供给price floor最低限价 Q 曲线price maker 价格制定者 quantity—adjustment model 数量调shut down decision 关闭决策 price rigidity 价格刚性整模型 shortage 短缺 price seeker 价格搜求者 quantity tax 从量税 shut down point 关闭点 price taker 价格接受者 quasi—rent 准租金 single price monopoly 单一定价垄price tax 从价税断private benefit 私人收益 R slope 斜率 principal—agent issues 委托--代理rate of product transformation 产品social benefit 社会收益问题转换率 social cost 社会成本 private cost 私人成本 rationality 理性 social indifference curve 社会无差private goods 私人用品 reaction function 反应函数异曲线private property 私人财产 regulation 调节，调控 social preference 社会偏好第 9 页共 10 页social security 社会保障 transaction cost 交易费用 social welfare function 社会福利函U数 uncertainty 不确定性 socialism 社会主义 uniqueness 唯一性solution 解 unit elasticity 单位弹性 space 空间 unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡 stability 稳定性 utility 效用stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡 utility function 效用函数 Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模utility index 效用指数型 utility maximization 效用极大化 static analysis 静态分析 utility possibility curve 效用可能性stock 存量曲线stock market 股票市场 utility possibility frontier 效用可能strategy 策略性前沿subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品 Vsubstitution effect 替代效应 value 价值substitution parameter 替代参数 value judge 价值判断 sufficient condition 充分条件 value of marginal product 边际产量supply 供给价值supply curve 供给曲线 variable cost 可变成本 supply function 供给函数 variable input 可变投入 supply schedule 供给表 variables 变量Sweezy model 斯威齐模型 vector 向量symmetry 对称性 visible hand 看得见的手 symmetry of information 信息对称 vulgur economics 庸俗经济学T Wtangency 相切 wage 工资taste 兴致 wage rate 工资率technical efficiency 技术效率 Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉technological constraints 技术约束斯总体均衡technological progress 技术进步 Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则 technology 技术 Wants 需要third—degree price discrimination Welfare criterion 福利标准第三级价格歧视 Welfare economics 福利经学 total cost 总成本 Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角total effect 总效应形total expenditure 总支出 welfare maximization 福利极大化 total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量 Ztotal revenue 总收益 zero cost 零成本total utility 总效用 zero elasticity 零弹性 total variable cost 总可变成本 zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性 traditional economy 传统经济 zero economic profit 零利润 transitivity 传递性第 10 页共 10 页。
经济学英语词汇大全了解经济学理论与经济现象的专业术语
经济学英语词汇大全了解经济学理论与经济现象的专业术语经济学是一门研究人类在稀缺资源下进行资源配置和决策的社会科学。
在经济学领域，有许多专业术语用于描述不同的理论和经济现象。
以下是一份经济学英语词汇大全，将帮助你更好地了解经济学理论和经济现象。
一、宏观经济学术语1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): 国内生产总值，用于衡量一个国家或地区在一定时间内生产的全部最终商品和服务的市场价值。
2. Inflation: 通货膨胀，衡量物价持续上涨的速度。
3. Unemployment Rate: 失业率，某国或地区的劳动力中未有工作的比例。
4. Fiscal Policy: 财政政策，指政府通过调整税收和支出来影响经济发展的政策。
5. Monetary Policy: 货币政策，指央行通过调整货币供应量和利率来控制通胀和经济增长的政策。
二、微观经济学术语1. Supply and Demand: 供求关系，描述市场上商品和服务的供给和需求关系，决定价格和数量。
2. Price Elasticity of Demand: 需求的价格弹性，衡量消费者对价格变化的敏感程度。
3. Utility: 效用，消费者对商品或服务的满意程度。
4. Market Failure: 市场失灵，指市场机制无法有效配置资源的情况，需要政府干预。
5. Opportunity Cost: 机会成本，指做出某个选择而放弃的最好的替代选择。
三、国际经济学术语1. Trade Deficit: 贸易逆差，指一个国家或地区的进口超过出口的差额。
2. Exchange Rate: 汇率，用于衡量一种货币与其他货币之间的相对价值。
3. Tariff：关税，进口商品需要缴纳的税费。
4. Comparative Advantage: 比较优势，指某国在生产某种商品或服务上相对于其他国家的优势。
5. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): 外商直接投资，指投资者将资金投资到其他国家的生产或商业项目中。
经济学专业英文词汇
collective bargaining 集体协议工资
collusion 合谋
command economy 指令经济
commodity 商品
commodity combination 商品组合
commodity market 商品市场
commodity space 商品空间
diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减
direct approach 直接法
direct taxes 直接税
discounting 贴税、折扣
diseconomies of scale 规模不经济
disequilibrium 非均衡
distribution 分配
condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件
concave 凹
concave function 凹函数
concave preference 凹偏好
consistence 一致性
constant cost industry 成本不变产业
constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变
entry barriers 进入壁垒
entry/exit decision 进出决策
envolope curve 包络线
equilibrium 均衡
equilibrium condition 均衡条件
equilibrium price 均衡价格
equilibrium quantity 均衡产量
Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图
《经济学人》常用词汇
《经济学人》常用词汇总结1、Absolute advantage 绝对优势2、Adverse choice 逆向选择3、Alternative cost 选择成本4、Arc elasticity of demand 需求的弧弹性5、Asymmetric information 非对称的信息6、Average cost 平均成本7、Average fixed cost 平均固定成本8、Average product 平均产品9、Average variable cost 平均可变成本10、Beta 投资的β11、Bond yield 债券收益12、Break-even chart 收支平衡图13、Budget line 预算线14、Bunding 捆绑销售15、Capital 资本16、Capital gain 资本收益17、Capitalism 资本主义18、Cardinal utility 基数效应19、Cartel 卡特尔20、Cobb-Douglas production function 科布-道格拉斯生产函数21、Collision 勾结22、Comparative advantage 比较优势23、Complements 互补品24、Constant-cost industry 成本不变行业25、Constant returns to scale 规模收益不变26、Consumer surplus 消费者剩余27、Contestable market 可竞争市场28、Contract curve 契约曲线29、Corner solution 角点解30、Cross elasticity of demand 需求的交叉弹性31、Deadweight loss of monopoly垄断的无谓损失32、Deadweight loss of monopsony 买方垄断的无谓损失33、Decreasing-cost industry 成本递减行业34、Decreasing return to scale 规模收益递减35、Demand curve 需求曲线36、Demand curve of loanable funds 可贷资金的需求曲线37、Discount rate 贴现率38、Diversifiable risk 可分散风险39、Dominant firm 主导厂商40、Dominant strategy 优势策略41、Duopoly 双头垄断42、Economic efficiency 经济效率43、Economic profit 经济利润44、Economic region of production 生产的经济区域45、Economic resource 经济资源46、Economies of scope 围经济47、Efficient markets hypothesis 有效市场假说48、Endowment position 财富状况49、Engel curve 恩格尔曲线50、Equilibrium 均衡51、Excess capacity 过剩生产能力52、Expansion path 扩路径53、Expected monetary vale期望货币价值54、Expected profit 预期利润55、Expected value of perfect information56、Explicit costs 显成本57、External diseconomy 外部不经济58、External economy 外部经济59、First-mover advantages 先动优势60、Fixed cost 固定成本61、Fixed input 不变投入品62、General equilibrium analysis 一般均衡分析63、Giffen’s paradox 吉芬反论64、Implicit cost 隐成本65、Income-compensated demand curve 收入补偿的需求曲线66、Income-consumption curve 收入-消费曲线67、Income effect 收入效应68、Income elasticity of demand 需求的收入弹性69、Increasing-cost industry成本递增的产业70、Increasing returns to scale 规模收益递增71、Indifference curve 无差异曲线72、Inferior good 劣质商品73、Innovation 创新74、Input 投入品75、Interest rate 利率76、Intermediate good 中间品77、Internal rate of return 部收益率78、Investment 投资79、Investment demand curve 投资需求曲线80、Isocost curve 等成本曲线81、Isoprofit curve 等利润曲线82、Isoquant 等产量曲线83、Isorevenue line 等收益线84、Kinked demand curve 折弯的需求曲线85、Labor 劳动86、Land 土地87、Law of diminishing marginal returns 边际收益递减率88、Lerner index 勒纳指数89、Learning curve 学习曲线90、Limit pricing 限制性定价91、Long run 长期92、Marginal cost 边际成本93、Marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价94、Marginal expenditure curve 边际支出曲线95、Marginal product 边际产品96、Marginal rate of product transformation 边际产品转换率97、Marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率98、Marginal revenue 边际收益99、Marginal revenue product 边际收益产品100、Marginal utility 边际效用101、Market 市场102、Market demand curve 市场需求曲线103、Market period 市场周期104、.Market structure 市场结构105、Market supply schedule 市场供给表106、Markup pricing加成定价107、Maximin strategy 最大最小策略108、Microeconomics 微观经济学109、Minmum efficient size of plant 工厂的最小有效规模110、Model模型111、Money income 货币收入112、Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争113、Monopoly 垄断114、Monopsony 买方垄断115、Moral hazard 道德风险116、Multinational firm 跨国公司117、Multiplant monopoly 多厂垄断118、Multiproduct firm 多产品厂商119、Mutual fund 共同基金120、Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡121、Natural monopoly 自然垄断122、Net-Present-Value Rule 净现值规则123、Nondiversifiable risk 不可分散的风险124、Nonprice competition 非价格竞争125、Normal goods 正常商品126、Oligopoly寡头垄断127、Oligopsony 买方寡头垄断128、Opportunity cost 机会成本129、Optimal input combination 最优投入品组合130、Ordinal utility 序数效用131、Pareto criterion 帕累托标准132、Partial equilibrium analysis 局部均衡分析133、Pecuniary benefits 货币收益134、Perfect Competition 完全竞争135、Perpetuity 不可兑换的公司债券136、Predatory pricing 掠夺性定价137、Present value 现值138、Price ceiling 最高限价139、Pric-consumption curve 价格-消费曲线140、Price discrimination 价格歧视141、Price elastic 富有价格弹性142、Price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性143、Price elasticity of supply 供给的价格弹性144、Price floor 最低限价145、Price inelastic缺乏价格弹性146、Price leader 价格领导者147、Price system 价格系统148、Principal-agent problem 委托-代理问题149、Prisoner`s dilemma 囚犯困境150、Private cost 私人成本151、Probability 概率152、Producer surplus 生产者剩余153、Production possibilities curve 生产可能性曲线154、Production function 生产函数156、Profit 利润157、Public good 公共物品158、Quasi-rent 准租金159、Quota 配额160、Ray 射线161、Reaction curve 反应曲线162、Real benefits 真实收益163、Rent 租金164、Ridge lines 脊线165、Risk 风险166、Risk averter 风险厌恶者167、Risk lover 风险爱好者168、Risk neutral 风险中性169、Saving 储蓄170、Second-degree Price discrimination 二级价格歧视171、Selling expenses 销售费用172、Short run 短期173、Social cost 社会成本174、Static efficiency 静态效率175、Strategic move 策略举措176、Substitutes 替代品177、Substitution effect 替代效应178、Supply curve 供给曲线179、Supply curve of loanable funds 可贷资金的供给曲线180、Target return 目标收益181、Tariff 关税182、Technological changes 技术进步183、Technology 技术184、Third－degree price discrimination 三级价格歧视185、Tit for tat 针锋相对186、Total cost 总成本187、Total cost function 总成本函数188、Total cost 总固定成本189、Total revenue 总收益190、Total surplus 总剩余191、Total utility 总效用192、Total variable cost 总可变成本193、Trading possibilities curve 贸易可能性曲线194、Transaction cost 交易成本门195、Transferable emissions permits 可转让的排放许可证196、Two-part tariff 双重收费197、Tying 搭售198、Unitary elasticity 单位弹性199、Utility 效用200、Utility of possibility curve 效用可能性曲线201、Value of marginal product 边际产品价值202、Variable cost 可变成本203、Variable input 可变投入品204、von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function •纽曼--摩根斯坦效用函数204、Winners curse 赢者的诅咒205、Ability－to－pay principle（of taxation）（税收的）支付能力原则206、Absolute advantage(in international trade）(国际贸易中的）绝对优势207、Accelerator principle 加速原理208、Actual,cycical and structual budget 实际预算、周期预算和结构预算209、Adaptive expectations 适用性预期210、Adjustable peg 可调整钉住211、Administered（or inflexible）prices 管理（或非浮动）价格212、Adverse selection 逆向选择213、Aggregate demand 总需求214、Aggregate demand（AD）curve 总需求曲线215、Aggregate supply 总供给216、Aggregate suppy(AS) curve 总供给曲线217、Allocative efficiency 配置效率218、Antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法219、Appreciation（of a currency）（通货）升值220、Appropriable 可分拨221、Arbitrage 套利222、Asset 资产223、Asset demand for money 货币的资产需求224、Automatic（or built－in）stabilizers 自动（或在）稳定器225、Average cost 平均成本226、verage cost curve，long－run（ LRAC或 LAC）长期平均成本曲线227、Average cost curve， short－run（ SRAC或 SAC）短期平均成本曲线228、Average fixed cost 平均固定成本229、Average product 平均产品230、Average propensity to consume 平均消费倾向231、Average revenue 平均收益232、Average variable cost 平均可变成本233、Balance of international payment 国际收支平衡表234、Balance of trade 贸易余额235、Balance of current account经常项目余额236、Balance sheet 资产负债表237、Balanced budget 平衡预算238、Bank，commercial 商业银行239、Bank money 银行货币240、bank reserves 银行准备会241、进入壁垒Barriers to entry242、Barter 易货贸易243、Benefit principle（of taxation）（税收的）受益原则244、Bond 债券245、Break－even point（in macroeconomics）（宏观经济学中的）收支相抵点246、Bretton woods System 布雷顿森林体系247、Broad money 广义货币248、Budget 预算249、Budget,balanced 平衡预算250、Budget constraint 预算约束251、Budget deficit 预算赤字252、Budget,government 政府预算253、Budget line 预算线254、Budget surplus 预算盈余255、Built-in stabilizers 在稳定器见自动稳定器（automatic stabilizers）256、Business cycles 商业周期257、C＋I,C＋I＋G,or C＋I＋G＋X schedule C＋I,C＋I＋G或 C＋I＋G＋X表258、Capital(capital goods,capital equipment）资本（资本商品，资本设备）259、Capital consumption allowance 资本消耗补偿见折旧（depreciation）260、Capital deepening 资本深化261、Capital gains 资本利得262、Capital markets 资本市场263、Capital－output ratio 资本-产出比率264、Capital widening 资本广化265、Capitalism 资本主义266、Cardinal utility 基数效用267、Cartel 卡特尔268、Central bank 中央银行269、Change in demand vs．change in quantity demanded 需求变化与需求量的变化270、Change in supply vs．supply in quantity 供给变动与供给且的变动271、Checking account（or bank money）支票（或银行货币）272、Chicago School of Economics （经济学）芝加哥学派273、Classical approach 古典理论274、Classical economics 古典经济学275、Classical theories（in macroeconomics）（宏观经济学中的）古典理论276、Clearing market 市场出清277、Closed economy 封闭经济见开放经济（open economy）278、Coase theorem 科斯定理279、Collective bargaining 集体谈判280、Collusion 勾结281、Collusive oligopoly 寡头勾结垄断282、Command economy 指令经济283、Commodity money 商品货币284、Common stock 普通股票285、Communism 共产主义286、Comparative advantage（in international trade）（国际贸易中的）比较优势287、Compensating differentials 补偿性（工资）差异288、Competition，imperfect 不完全竞争289、Competion，perfect 完全竞争290、Competitve equilibrium 竞争均衡291、Competitive market 竞争性市场292、Complements 互补品293、Compound interest 复利294、Concentration ratio 集中度295、Conglomerate 混合联合企业296、Conglomerate merger 混合兼并见兼并（merger）297、Constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变见规模报酬（returns to scale）298、Consumer price index 消费者价格指数（CPI）299、Consumer surplus 消费者剩余300、Consumption 消费301、Consumption function 消费函数302、Consumption-possibility line消费可能线见预算线（budget line）303、Cooperative equilibrium 合作性均衡304、Corporate income tax 公司所得税305、Corporation 公司306、Correlation 相关307、Cost，average 平均成本308、Cost，average fixed 平均固定成本309、Cost，average variable 平均可变成本310、Cost，fixed 固定成本311、Cost，marginal 边际成本312、Cost，minimum 最低成本313、Cost-push inflation 成本推动的通货膨胀314、Cost，total 总成本315、Cost，variable 可变成本316、Crawling（or sliding）peg 爬行（滑动）钉住317、Credit 信贷318、Cross elasticity of demand 需求的交叉弹性319、Crowding-out hypothesis 挤出（效应）假说320、Currency 通货321、Currency appreciation（or depreciation ）通货升值（或贬值）322、Current account 经常见贸易余额（balance of trade）323、Cyclical budget 周期预算324、Cyclical unemployment 周期性失业325、Deadweight loss 净损失326、Debit 借方327、Decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减328、Deficit spending 赤字性支出329、Deflating（of economic data）（经济数据）紧缩330、Deflation 通货紧缩331、Demand curve（or demand schedule）需求曲线（或需求表）332、Demand for money 货币需求333、Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动型通货膨胀334、Demography 人口学335、Depreciation（of an asset）（资产）折旧336、Depreciation（of a currency）（通货）贬值337、Depression 萧条338、Derived demand 派生需求339、Devaluation 降值340、Developing country 发展中国家见欠发达国家(less developed country)341、Differentiated products 差异产品342、Diminishing marginal utility，law of 边际效用递减规律343、Diminishing returns，law of 收益递减规律344、Direct taxes 直接税345、Discount rate 贴现率346、Discounting（of future income）（未来收人）折现347、Discrimination 歧视348、Disequilibrium 非均衡349、Disinflation 反通货膨胀350、Disposable income 可支配收入（DI）351、Disposable personal income 个人可支配收入352、Dissaving 负储蓄354、Division of labor 劳动分工355、Dominant equilibrium 占优均衡见占优战略（dominant strategy）356、Dominant strategy 占优战略357、Downward－sloping demand，law of 需求向下倾斜规律358、Duopoly 双头垄断359、Duopoly price war 双头垄断价格战360、Easy－money policy 宽松的货币政策361、Econometrics 经济计量学362、Economic goods 经济物品363、Economic growth 经济增长364、Economic reguation 经济管制365、Economic rent 经济租金见"经济租金"（rent， economic）366、Economic surplus 经济剩余367、Economics of information 信息经济学368、Economies of scale 规模经济369、Economies of scope 广度经济370、Effective tax rate 有效税率371、Efficiency 效率372、Efficiency－wage theory 有效工资理论373、Efficient market 有效市场374、Elasticity 弹性375、Employed 就业者参见"失业"（unemployment）376、Equal－cost line 等成本线377、Equal－product curve（or isoquant）等产量线378、Equilibrium 均衡379、Equilibrum（for a business firm）厂商均衡380、Equilibrium（for the individual consumer）单个消费者的均衡381、Equilibrium，competitive 竞争均衡见竟争均衡（competitive equilibrium）382、Equilibrium，general 一般均衡见一般均衡分析（general－equilibrium analysis）383、Equilibrium，macroeconomic 宏观经济均衡384、Equimarginal principle 等边际法则385、Exchange rate 汇率见外汇汇率（foreign exchange rate）386、Exchange-rate system 汇率制度387、Excise tax vs．sales tax 消费税和销售税388、Exclusion principle 排他原则389、Exogenous vs．induced variables 外生变量和引致变量390、Expectations 预期391、Expenditure multiplier 支出乘数参见乘数（multiplier）392、Exports 出口393、External diseconomies 外部不经济394、External economies 外部经济395、External variables 外部变量同外生变量（exogenous variables）396、Externalities 外部性397、Factors of production 生产要素398、Fallacy of composition 合成谬误399、Federal Reserve System 联邦储备系统美国的中央银行（centra bank）400、Fiat money 法定货币没有在价值（intrinsic value）401、Final goods 最终产品402、Financial economics 金融经济学403、Financial intermediary 金融中介404、Firm（business firm）厂商405、Fiscal-monetary mix 财政-货币政策组合406、Fiscal policy 财政政策407、Fiscal cost 固定成本见固定成本（cost，fixed）408、Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率见外汇汇率（foreign exchangs rate）409、Flexible exchange rates 弹性汇率制410、Floating exchange rates 浮动汇率制见弹性汇率制（flexibleexchange rates）411、Flow vs. stock 流量与存量412、Foreign exchange 外汇413、Foreign exchange market 外汇市场414、Foreign exchange rate 外汇汇率415、Fourfirm concentration rate 四企业集中度见集中度（concentration ratio）416、Fractional-reserve banking 部分准备金417、Free goods 免费品不属于经济品（economic goods）418、Free trade 自由贸易419、Frictional unemployment 磨擦性失业420、Full employment 充分就业421、Gains from trade 贸易利得422、Galloping inflation 急剧的通货膨胀见通货膨胀（inflation）423、Game theory 博弈论424、General-equilibrium analysis 一般均衡分析425、GDP deflator GDP紧缩指数426、GDP gap GDP缺口427、GNP 国民生产总值见国民生产总值（gloss national product）428、Gold standard 全本位制429、Government debt 政府债务430、Goverment expenditure multiplier 政府支出乘数431、Graduated income tax 累进所得税见个人所得税（income tax，personal）432、Gresham`s Law 格雷欣法则433、Gross domestic product，nominal（or nominal GDP）名义国生产总值(或名义GDP）434、Gross domestic product，real 实际国生产总值（实际GDP）435、Gross national product，nominal 名义国民生产总值（或名义GNP）436、Gross national product，real 实际国民生产总值（实际GNP）437、Growth accounting 增长核算438、Hedging 套期保值439、High-powered money 高能货币见基础货币（monetary base）440、Horizontal equity vs．vertical equity 横向平等与纵向平等441、Horizontal integration 横向整合见纵向整合与横向整合（integration， vertical vs．horizontal）442、Horizontal merger 横向兼井见兼并（merger）443、Human capital 人力资本444、Hyperinflation 恶性通货膨胀见通货膨胀（inflation）445、Imperfect competition 不完全竞争见不完全竞争（competition，imperfect）446、Imperfect competitor 不完全竞争者447、Implicit－cost elements 隐性成本要素显性货币成本（explicit money costs）448、Imports 进口见出口（exports）449、Inappropriability 不可分拨性见不可分拨（inappropriable）450、Inappropriable 不可分拨451、Incidence（or tax incidence）归宿，或税赋归宿452、Income 收入453、Income effect（of a price change）（价格变动的）收入效应454、Income elasticity of demand 需求的收入弹性455、Income statement 收益表456、Income tax，negative 负所得税见负所得税（egative income tax）457、Income tax，personal 个人所得税458、Income velocity of money 货币的收入周转率459、Incomes policy 收入政策460、Increasing returns to scale 递增的规模报酬见规模报酬（returns to scale）461、Independent goods 独立品462、Indexing（or indexation）指数化463、Indifference curve 无差异曲线464、indifference map 无差异曲线图465、Indirect taxes 间接税见直接税（direct taxes）466、Induced variables 引致变量467、Industry 产业468、Inertial rate of inflation 惯性通货膨胀率469、Infant industry 幼稚产业470、Inferior goods 低档品或劣等品471、Inflation（or inflation rate）通货膨胀（或通货膨胀率）472、Inflation targeting 通货膨胀目标473、Innovation 创新474、Inputs 投入475、Insurance 保险476、Integration，vertical vs．horizontal 纵向整合和横向整合477、Intellectual property rights 知识产权478、Interest 利息479、Interest rate 利率480、Intermediate goods 中间产品481、International monetary system（also International financial system）国际货币制度（国际金融体系）482、Intervention 干预483、Intrinsic value（of money）（货币的）在价值484、Invention 发明485、Investment 投资487、Invisible hand 看不见的手488、Involuntarily unemployed 非自愿失业见失业（unemployment）489、Iron law of wages 工资铁律490、Isoquant 等产量见等产量曲线（equal product curve）491、Keynesian economics 凯恩斯经济学492、Keynesian school 凯恩斯学派见凯恩斯主义经济学(Keynesian economics)493、Labor force 劳动力494、Labor－force participstion rate 劳动力参与率495、Labor productivity 劳动生产率见生产率（productivity）496、Labor supply 劳动供给497、Labor theory of value 劳动价值论498、Laissez－faire（"leave us along"）自由放任（“别来管我”）499、Land 土地500、Least－cost rule（of production）（生产的）最低成本法则501、Legal tender 法定清偿物502、Less developed country（LDC）欠发达国家503、Liabilities 负债504、Libertarianism 自由放任主义505、Limited Liability 有限责任506、Long run 长期507、Long－run aggregate supply schedule 长期总供给表508、Lorenz curve 洛伦茨曲线509、Lowest sustainable rate of unemployment（or LSUR）最低可持续失业率510、Lump－of－labor fallacy 劳动合成谬误511、M1、 M2参见货币供应(money supply）。
100个经济学术语
100个经济学术语1.货币政策-- Money Policy2.货币流动-- Currency Flows3.金融政策-- Financial Policy4.货币供应-- Money Supply5.通货膨胀-- Inflation6.购买力平价-- Purchasing Power Parity7.储蓄率-- Savings Rate8.经济增长-- Economic Growth9.投资-- Investment10.消费-- Consumption11.汇率-- Exchange Rate12.零售销售-- Retail Sales13.贸易赤字-- Trade Deficit14.贸易贡献-- Trade Surplus15.外汇结构-- Foreign Exchange Structure16.累积赤字-- Accumulated Deficit17.优惠政策-- Subsidy Policy18.货币市场-- Money Market19.社会保障-- Social Security20.社会风险-- Social Risk21.财政税收-- Fiscal Taxation22.银行业监管-- Banking Supervision23.国际收支-- Balance of International Payments24.国际贸易-- International Trade25.负债-- Debt26.投机-- Speculation27.货币贬值-- Currency Devaluation28.汇率监管-- Exchange Rate Control29.汇率波动-- Exchange Rate Fluctuations30.量化宽松-- Quantitative Easing31.财政补贴-- Fiscal Subsidies32.机会成本-- Opportunity Cost33.市场价格-- Market Pricing34.资金流动-- Fund Flows35.效用-- Utility36.经济因素-- Economic Factors37.消费者支出-- Consumer Expenditures38.收入分配-- Income Distribution39.关税-- Tariffs40.经济政策-- Economic Policy41.欧盟-- European Union42.可支配收入-- Disposable Income43.经济学模型-- Economic Models44.利率-- Interest Rate45.技术创新-- Technological Innovation46.信用-- Credit47.经济结构-- Economic Structure48.现金流量-- Cash Flow49.竞争-- Competition50.财政支出-- Fiscal Expenditure51.金融改革-- Financial Reform52.非货币政策-- Non-monetary Policy53.贷款-- Loans54.市场需求-- Market Demand55.需求分析-- Demand Analysis56.汇率-- Exchange Rate57.负债率-- Debt to Equity Ratio58.波动性-- Volatility59.消费者保价-- Consumer Price Index60.货币开支-- Monetary Expenditures61.物价指数-- Price Index62.调整-- Adjustment63.预算不平衡-- Budget Imbalance64.全球经济-- Global Economy65.投资风险-- Investment Risk66.汇率风险-- Exchange Rate Risk67.财政失衡-- Fiscal Imbalance68.碳排放税-- Carbon Tax69.补贴-- Subsidy70.储备货币-- Reserve Currency71.零利率政策-- Zero Interest Policy72.泡沫经济-- Bubble Economy73.货币结构-- Monetary Structure74.国际衡平-- International Equilibrium75.社会运动-- Social Movements76.商业循环-- Business Cycle77.物价水平-- Price Level78.生产力-- Productivity79.竞争环境-- Competitive Environment80.间接税-- Indirect Taxes81.舶来税-- Tariff82.社会失业-- Social Unemployment83.进出口-- Imports and Exports84.金融冲击-- Financial Shocks85.国际准备金-- International Reserves86.秩序市场-- Orderly Market87.贸易协议-- Trade Agreements88.受抑制-- Restrained89.补充货币-- Supplementary Currency90.竞争力-- Competitiveness91.外汇储备-- Exchange Reserves92.贷款利率-- Loan Interest Rate93.效率市场-- Efficiency Market94.通货紧缩-- Deflation95.分布公平-- Distribution Fairness96.报酬均等-- Equal Remuneration97.投资回报-- Return on Investment98.投资效率-- Investment Efficiency99.可支配收入差距-- Disposable Income Gap 100.投资回流-- Investment Reflow。
经济学词汇中英文对照
经济学词汇中英文对照1. Supply and demand - 供求关系2. Opportunity cost - 机会成本3. Inflation - 通货膨胀4. Deflation - 通货紧缩5. Monopoly - 垄断7. Market - 市场8. Gross domestic product (GDP) - 国内生产总值（GDP）9. Fiscal policy - 财政政策10. Monetary policy - 货币政策12. Marginal cost - 边际成本13. Marginal benefit - 边际效益14. Trade surplus - 贸易顺差15. Trade deficit - 贸易逆差16. Globalization - 全球化17. Debt - 债务18. Interest rate - 利率19. Industrialization - 工业化20. Gross national product (GNP) - 国民生产总值（GNP）21. Balance of trade - 贸易平衡22. Economic growth - 经济增长23. Development - 发展24. Property rights - 物权25. Market failure - 市场失灵26. Public goods - 公共物品27. E某ternalities - 外部性28. Subsidy - 补贴29. Ta某ation - 税收30. Public debt - 公共债务31. Efficiency - 效率32. Equity - 公正33. Standard of living - 生活水平34. Economic welfare - 经济福利35. Human capital - 人力资本36. Labor market - 劳动力市场37. Migration - 迁移38. Budget deficit - 预算赤字39. Budget surplus - 预算盈余40. Net e某ports - 净出口41. National debt - 国家债务42. Opportunity cost - 机会成本43. GDP per capita - 人均GDP44. Capital - 资本45. Investment - 投资46. Consumer goods - 消费品47. Producer goods - 生产资料49. Absolute advantage - 绝对优势。
经济学专业词汇
CH1economics 经济学microeconomics 微观经济学managerial economics管理经济学scarce resources 稀缺资源economic profit 经济利润accounting profit 会计利润normal profit 正常利润explicit cost 显性成本（外显成本）implicit cost 隐性成本（内隐成本）opportunity cost 机会成本economic cost 经济成本value of a firm 企业的价值present value 现值principal-agent problem 委托－代理问题moral hazard 道德风险market structure 市场结构price-taker 价格接受者price-setter 价格制定者market power 市场影响力product differentiation 产品差异性perfect competition 完全竞争monopoly 垄断monopolistic competition 垄断竞争oligopoly 寡头Shareholder 股东board of directors 董事会equity 所有者权益debt 债务market characteristics 市场特征CH2demand需求supply供给quantity demanded需求量quantity supplied供给量demand (supply) function需求（供给）函数demand (supply) curve需求（供给）曲线market equilibrium市场均衡equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡数量market clearing price 市场出清价格normal good 正常品inferior good 低档品，劣质品substitute 替代品complement 互补品excess supply (surplus) 过度供给，供过于求excess demand (shortage)过度需求，供不应求ceiling price 最高限价floor price 最低限价，支持价，保护价CH3elasticity 弹性arc elasticity 弧弹性point elasticity 点弹性price elasticity of demand需求价格弹性income elasticity 收入弹性cross-price elasticity 交叉价格弹性elastic 有弹性的inelastic 缺乏弹性的unitary elastic 单元（一）弹性的total revenue 总收入marginal revenue 边际收入CH6preference 偏好utility 效用indifference curve 无差异曲线marginal utility 边际效用marginal rate of substitute 边际替代率budget line 预算线utility maximization 效用最大化consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡substitution effect 替代效应income effect 收入效应Giffen good 吉芬品CH9production 生产production function 生产函数technical efficiency 有技术效率的economic efficiency 有经济效率的fixed input 固定投入variable input 变动投入short-run 短期long-run 长期fixed proportion 固定比例variable proportion 变动比例total product 总产量average product 平均产量marginal product 边际产量diminishing marginal product 边际产量递减fixed cost 固定成本variable cost 变动成本short-run total cost 短期总成本short-run average cost 短期平均成本short-run marginal cost 短期边际成本CH10isoquant 等产量的，等产量线marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率isocost 等成本的，等成本线optimal combination of inputs 最优的投入要素组合expansion path 生产扩张路线return to scale 规模报酬，规模收益constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减economies of scale 规模经济diseconomies of scale 规模不经济economies of scope 范围经济性CH15cooperation 合作cheat 欺骗trigger 扳机tit-for-tat 以牙还牙cartel 卡特尔nonprice competition 非价格竞争open collusion 公开勾结tacit (secret) collusion 暗中串通price leadership 价格领导制barometric 晴雨表式的CH16price discrimination 差别价格joint products 联产品CH14duopoly 双寡头triopoly 三寡头kinked-demand model 弯折的需求曲线模型reaction (best-response)function 反应函数mutual interdependence相互依存性game theory 博弈论，对策论，对局论player 局中人strategy 策略payoff (matrix) 赢得（矩阵）dominant strategy 优势策略dominated strategy 劣势策略Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡sequential decision 序列决策roll-back method 反向推导法。
经济学常用英语词汇
经济学英语词汇1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account) current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder) cheque 支票(美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill) to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街3、Credit 信贷short term loan 短期贷款long term loan长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、Pruduction 生产output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity 生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩5、Expenses 耗费cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用6、Profit 利润income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 税duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员8、Internal economic and trade orgnization 国际经济与贸易组织China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association,CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟） Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场 African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行The Chase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会 Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学TopO objective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化TopPparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换 pure monopoly 纯粹垄断accounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curve income constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Kkinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件service 劳务set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表Sweezy model 斯威齐模型symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third—degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿Vvalue 价值value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量vector 向量visible hand 看得见的手vulgur economics 庸俗经济学Wwage 工资wage rate 工资率Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经学Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形welfare maximization 福利极大化Zzero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性zero economic profit 零利润21 / 21。
(完整版)经济学常用英语词汇
经济学常用英语词汇Aaccounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择 closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数 compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件 concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束 consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域 economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线 Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线 equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量 excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理 excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径 expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视 first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数 homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curve income constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法 industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新 input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions工会 laissez faire 自由放任land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal rate of technical s ubstitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合 leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数 licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线 long run marginal cost 长期边际成本 long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率 marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型 money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线 product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线 risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足 saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件service 劳务 set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third—degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性 uniqueness 唯一性。
经济类英语专业词汇汇总
经济类英语专业词汇汇总1. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) - 国内生产总值2. Inflation - 通货膨胀3. Deflation - 通货紧缩4. Unemployment rate - 失业率5. Consumer Price Index (CPI) - 居民消费价格指数6. Interest rate - 利率7. Exchange rate - 汇率8. Balance of trade - 贸易差额9. Stock market - 股市10. Bond market - 债券市场11. Fiscal policy - 财政政策12. Monetary policy - 货币政策13. Supply and demand - 供求关系14. Economic growth - 经济增长15. Recession - 经济衰退16. Depression - 经济萧条17. Entrepreneurship - 创业精神18. Capitalism - 资本主义19. Socialism - 社会主义20. Market economy - 市场经济21. Planned economy - 计划经济22. Globalization - 全球化23. Tariff - 关税24. Subsidy - 补贴25. Monopoly - 垄断26. Oligopoly - 寡头垄断27. Economic inequality - 经济不平等28. Economic development - 经济发展29. Foreign direct investment (FDI) - 外商直接投资30. Macroeconomics - 宏观经济学31. Microeconomics - 微观经济学32. Economic indicators - 经济指标34. Net exports - 净出口35. Gross profit - 毛利润36. Free trade - 自由贸易37. Market equilibrium - 市场均衡38. Demand curve - 需求曲线39. Supply curve - 供给曲线。
经济学常用英语词汇
经济学英语词汇1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collectiveeconomy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holdingcompany 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozenassets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulatingcapital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolvingfund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account) current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no creditgiven 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill) to pay(in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率freeexchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hardcurrency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stockexchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stockbrokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格,票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券WallStreet 华尔街3、Credit 信贷short term loan 短期贷款long term loan长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务fundeddebt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、Pruduction 生产output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩5、Expenses 耗费cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overheadcosts 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenancecosts 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses分摊费用6、Profit 利润income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income,gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 税duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressivetaxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxableincome 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer纳税人tax collector 收税员8、Internal economic and trade orgnization国际经济与贸易组织China Council for the Promotion of InternationalTrade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association forthe Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会BritishCouncil for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union ofMarine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development,DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual EconomicAid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association,CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free TradeAssociation, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs andEconomic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community,WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries,OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries,OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic andMonetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American OrientalBanking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行TheChase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行UnitedBank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank ofTokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La CommunauteFinancieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金UnitedNations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织UnitedNations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Foodand Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织EconomicCommission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for LatinAmerica, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East,ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas ChineseInvestment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学TopOobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化TopPparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断accounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Kkinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件service 劳务set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表Sweezy model 斯威齐模型symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third—degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿Vvalue 价值value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量vector 向量visible hand 看得见的手vulgur economics 庸俗经济学Wwage 工资wage rate 工资率Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经学Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形welfare maximization 福利极大化Zzero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性zero economic profit 零利润。
经济学英语词汇
1、环境保护类单词沙尘暴Sand/dust storms生态失衡Disruption of ecological balance温室效应Greenhouse effect全球变暖Global warming 淡水资源短缺Shortage of fresh water环保意识Environmental awareness生态系统Ecosystem2、市场类单词国有企业state-owned enterprise私人企业private enterprise垄断市场monopolize the market偷税漏税tax evasion跨国集团multinational corporation贸易制裁trade sanction贸易壁垒trade barriers中国加入WTO China's entry into WTO西部大开发Go-West Campaign乱摊派乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge全球经济一体化integration with the global economyeconomic/financial crisis 经济/金融危机embezzlement of public funds 挪用公款demand exceeds supply/be in short supply 供不应求purchasing power 购买力share-holding system 股份制企业shareholders 股东stock exchange 股票交易市场bonds 债券interest rate利率fixed assets investment 固定资产投资gross national product(GNP) 国民生产总值drain of state owned assets 国有资产流失state-owned enterprise 国有企业private enterprise 私人企业debt/liabilities 债务commission 佣金，回扣monopolize the marke 垄断市场tax evasion 偷税漏税income tax of the individuals 个人所得税means of circulation 流通手段accounting-accountant 会计capital investment 资本投资capital regorganization 资产重组declare bankruptcy 宣布破产boycott foreign products 抵制外国产品revenue 财政收入expenditure 财务支出deficit 赤字net profit 净利润make profit 赢利boom/prosperity/thriving 繁荣declie/recession/depression 萎缩/衰退/萧条inflation 通货膨胀anti-dumping policy 反倾销政策budget 预算director of the board 董事长CEO(chief executive officer) 总裁franchise 特许经营chain store 连锁店logo 企业标志labor-intensive 劳动密集型mass production 大规模生产macroeconomics/microeconomics 微观/宏观经济学multinational corporation 跨国集团executive 管理/行政人员manufacturer 制造商quality control 质量管理after-sale service 售后服务trade sanction 贸易制裁trade barriers 贸易壁垒shortage of funds 资金短缺surplus 过剩merge r兼并deposit money 存款current account 活期帐户savings account 定期帐户clearance sale 清仓甩卖pay off debts 清偿债务integration with the global economy 全球经济一体化foundation 基金会China’s access to/entery into WTO 中国加入WTOwin the bid 中标registered trademark 注册商标franchised store 专卖店supplement a budget 追加预算overstock of finished productsECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着陆Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预Administrative measure 行政措施Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数Average price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信用膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY 国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision and operation of State assets 建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and responsibilities, separating ownership from daily management and adopting scientific management 产权清晰，责权明确，政企分开，管理科学Regulation on the supervision and management of the state-owned enterprises 国有企业监督管理条例Laws and regulations on the administration of state-owned property 国有资产管理法律法规Operate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，for its profits and losses, seek self-development and self-reliance 自我约束Uphold the principle of separating the functions of government from those of enterprises and alter the government’s role in economic management 坚持政企分开的原则，转变政府经济管理职能Safeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the overall quality of the State sector of the economy 提高国有经济的总体素质Concentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise groups发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Reform, reorganization and upgrading 改革，改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组，联合，兼并，股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation and sell-off 租赁，承包经营和出售Manage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible policy towards small ones 抓好大的，放活小的Give small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序，鼓励企业兼并，merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger or go bankrupt 允许亏损企业兼并或破产Dispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and management of enterprises切实加强企业经营管理Strengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extra budgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various channels 多渠道增资减债Strive to help enterprises eliminate losses and increase profits 抓好企业扭亏增盈Develop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises’ social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the technology 通过挖潜改造Mechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating the inferior 优胜劣汰机制Enjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage in export independently 给更多的生产企业自营出口权Protect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组Transform the enterprises’ management mechanismsof State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release small enterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can be turned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibility for one’s own p rofit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Encourage merger 鼓励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防止假破产Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职工ENTERPRISE AND COMPANY 企业和公司Central enterprise 中央企业Local enterprise 地方企业Backbone enterprise 骨干企业Large and medium enterprise 大中型企业State-owned enterprise 国有企业Enterprise solely funded by the State 国有独资企业State-owned firm 国有公司，国有企业Corporate enterprise 股份制企业Collective enterprise 集体企业Collective firm 集体企业，合作企业Township enterprise 乡镇企业Partnership enterprise 合伙企业Individual enterprise 个体企业Foreign-funded enterprise 外资企业Top 500 enterprises 最大500家企业Small business 小企业Primary industry 第一产业Secondary industry 第二产业Tertiary industry 第三产业Corporate Law 公司法Township Enterprise Law 乡镇企业法Independent legal entities 独立法人Board of directors 董事会Board of supervisors 监事会Shareholders conference 股东大会Entrepreneur 企业家Firm 公司，企业Company 公司Incorporation 公司Corporation 股份公司Group of enterprises 企业集团Conglomerate 企业集团，综合性大企业Company limited by shares 股份有限责任公司Controlling company 控股公司Holding company 控股公司Bank holding company 银行控股公司Company with limited liability 有限责任公司State-owned holding company 国家控股公司Public company 上市公司Private company 非上市公司Listed company 上市公司Overseas-listed company 境外上市公司Parent company 母公司Subsidiary company 子公司Group company 集团公司Large-scale industrial group 大型工业集团International conglomerate 跨国企业集团International corporation 跨国公司Multinational corporation 跨国公司Multinational market group 跨国市场集团Banking institution 金融机构Banking sector 银行部门Intermediary bank 中介银行Development bank 开发银行Commercial bank 商业银行Investment bank 投资银行Credit bank 信贷银行Cooperative bank 合作银行Mortgage bank 抵押银行Clearing bank 清算银行Credit union 信用社Non-bank financial institution 非银行金融机构Financing corporation 金融公司Securities company 证券公司Underwriting company 担保公司Loan and trust company 信托公司Insurance company 保险公司Life insurance company 人寿保险公司Utility company 公共事业公司MERGER AND ACQUISITION 兼并与收购Reorganization 重组Association 联合Merger 兼并Acquisition 收购Joint stock partnership 股份合作Leasing 出租Contract operation 承包经营Auction 拍卖Develop trans-regional and trans-industry enterprise groups 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Strategic acquisition 战略性收购Combination of enterprise 企业合并Concentric acquisition 集中收购Conglomerate merger 集团企业合并Consolidation by lease 租赁式合并Consolidation by merger 兼并式合并Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Stock merger 股票兼并Vertical acquisition 纵向收购Vertical merger 纵向兼并Vertical consolidation 纵向合并Vertical integration 纵向合并Horizontal merger 横向兼并Horizontal acquisition 横向收购Horizontal combination 横向合并，同行业合并Horizontal integration 横向联合Acquisition cost 收购成本Acquiring enterprise 收购方企业Corporate reorganization 公司重组Bankruptcy Law 破产法Bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第七章清算Bankruptcy code 11 --- reorganization 破产法第十一章重组Act of bankruptcy 破产法案Antitrust Law 反托拉斯法Bankruptcy court 破产法庭Bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人Bankruptcy notice 破产公告Bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产Declaration of bankruptcy 宣告破产Arrangement in bankruptcy court 破产法庭内的协调Arrangement out of bankruptcy court 不经破产法庭的协调Creditor’s equity 债权人权益Bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人Creditor’s meeting 债权人会议Creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人MARKET AND COMPETITION 市场和竟争Commodity market 商品市场Securities market 证券市场Bond market 债券市场Stock market 股票市场Futures market 期货市场Options market 期权市场Property rights market 产权市场Capital market 资本市场Free market 自由市场Labour market 劳动力市场Flea market 跳蚤市场Bear market 股票市场的熊市Bull market 股票市场的牛市Market competition 市场竟争Market development 市场开发Market forecast 市场预测Market potential 市场潜力Market risk 市场风险Market share 市场份额Seller’s market 卖方市场Buyer’s market 买方市场Market abroad 海外市场Marketability 市场能力Marketable 销路好的Marketing channel 销售渠道Marketing strategy 销售战略Competition market 竟争市场Perfect competition 完全竟争Imperfect competition 不完全竟争Low-level competition 低水平竟争Monopolistic competition 垄断竟争Competitor 竟争对手Natural monopoly 自然垄断International monopoly 国际垄断Market 市场bear market 股票市场的熊市bond market 证券市场bull market 股票市场的牛市capital market 资本市场emerging market economic 新兴市场经济majority market economic 成熟市场经济market abroad 海外市场market analysis 市场分析market approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的市场法market competition 市场竟争market demand price 市场需求价格market development 市场开发market economy country 市场经济国家market factor 市场因素market forecast 市场预测market index 市场指数market information 市场信息market investigation 市场调查market potential 市场潜力market quotation 市场行情market replacement cost 市场重置成本market research 市场调查，市场研究market risk 市场风险market share 市场份额，市场占有率market value method 市价法market-oriented 面向市场的market-to-cost method 市价成本法property right market 产权市场seller’s market 卖方市场social market economy 社会主义市场经济stock market 股票市场Marketing 营销，市场销售marketing channel 销售渠道，市场渠道marketing cost 销售成本marketing manager 市场销售经理markrting strategy 市场经营战略marketing system 市场体系relationship marketing 关系营销Asset, Liability And Equity 资产,负债和权益Asset management 资产管理Tangible assets 有形资产Intangible assets 无形资产Physical assets 实物资产Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Current asset losses in suspense 待处理流动资产损失Deferred assets 递延资产Other assets 其它资产Total assets 总资产Net assets 净资产Book value of the assets 资产的账面值Non-ledger assets 帐外资产Asset account 资产账户Asset disposal 资产处置Asset depreciation 资产折旧Asset inventory shorts 资产盘亏Asset inventory surplus 资产盘盈Asset retirement 资产报废Asset revaluation 资产重估Capital assets 资本资产Monetary assets 金融资产Mortgage assets 抵押资产Long-term assets 长期资产Liability 负债Liability account 负债账户Direct liability 直接负债Current liability 流动负债Liability out of book 账外负债Long-term liability 长期负债Book debt 账面负债Asset liability ratio 资产负债比Owner’s equity 所有者权益Equity account 权益账户Stockholders’ e quity 股东权益Preferred stock equity 优先股权益Cumulative preferred stock 积累优先股Non-cumulative preferred stock 非积累优先股Convertible preferred stock 可转换优先股Participating preferred stock 参加优先股Non-Participating preferred stock 非参加优先股Callable preferred stock 可赎回优先股Common stock equity 普通股权益Total equity 权益总额企业评价指标Assets Liabilities Ratio 资产负债率Quick Ratio 速动比率Current Ratio 流动比率P/E ratio 市盈率Current Liabilities to Net Worth 流动负债比净资产Total Liabilities to Net Worth 总负债比净资产Fixed Assets to Net Worth 固定资产比净资产Inventory Turnover Ratio 存货Assets to SalesSales to Net Working Capital 销售收入比流动资金净值Accounts Payable to Sales 应付帐款比销售收入Return on Sales(profit Margin)Return on Assets 资产收益率Return on Total Assets 总资产收益率Return o n Shareholder’s Equity 股东权益收益率Return on Investment 投资收益Return on Net Worth(Return on Equity) 净资产收益率收益表 INCOME STATEMENT销售收入Sales Revenue减：销售折扣与折让Deduct: Sales Discount & Allowance销售收入净值Net Sales Revenue减：销售税金Deduct: Tax on Sales销售成本Coat of Sales销售毛利Gross Profit from Sales减：管理费用Deduct: Administration Expenses财务费用Financial Expenses销售利润Profit from Sales加：其它业务利润Plus: Profit from Other Operations营业利润Operating Profits加：投资收益Plus: Investment Income营业外净收入Non-Operating Revenue以前年度利润调整Adjustment of Earning of Prior Years利润总额Total Profits(Before Tax)减：所得税Deduct: Income Tax净利润Net Profits合并资产负债表 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET 资产Assets流动资产Current Assets长期应收帐款Long-term Receivable长期投资Long-term Investment固定资产Fixed Assets原值Original Coat减：累计折旧Deduct: Accumulated Depreciation净值Net Worth在建工程Construction in-progress其它资产Other Assets资产总额Total Assets负债和权益 Liabilities & Equity负债Liabilities流动负债Current Liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities负债合计Total Liabilities少数股东权益Minority Interests权益Equity实收资本Paid-in Capital资本公积Capital surplus保留盈利Retained Earnings权益合计Total Equity负债和权益总额Total Liabilities & EquityBALANCE SHEET 资产负债表ASSETS 资产Cash and Equivalents 现金和视同现金Accounts Receivable 应收帐款Inventories 存货Other Current Assets 其它流动资产Total Current Assets 流动资产总计Gross Prop.,Plant & Equip. 财产，场房和设备原值Accumulated Depreciation 累计折旧Net property, Plant & Equip. 财产，场房和设备净值Other Assets 其它资产Total Assets 总资产LIABILITIES & EQUITY 负债和权益Debt in Current Liabilities 流动负债Accounts Payable 应付帐款Income Taxes Payable 应付所得税Other Current Liabilities 其它流动负债long-term Debt 长期负债Deferred Taxes 递延税金Other Liabilities 其它负债Minority Interest 少数股东权益Total Liabilities 总负债Preferred Stock Equity 优先股权益Common Stock Equity 普通股权益Total Stockholders’ Equity 股东权益总计Total Liabilities and Equity 负债权益总计Insurance保险credit insurance 信用保险insurance company 保险公司insurance coverage 保险范围insurance fund 保险基金insurance industry 保险业Bank银行all-purpose bank 通用银行bank account balance 银行存款余额bank balance sheet 银行财务状况表bank credit 银行信贷bank debt 银行债务bank discount rate 银行贴现率bank holding company 银行控股公司bank interest 银行利息bank line 银行信用额度bank loan 银行借款bank rate 银行贴现率bank reserve 银行准备金bank’s buying rate 银行买价bank’s call loan 银行同行拆借bank’s selling rate 银行卖价clearing bank 清算银行commercial bank 商业银行cooperative bank 合作银行mortgage bank 抵押银行Banking 金融，银行业banking institution 金融机构Banking Law 银行法banking sector 银行部门Check 检查，核对，支票check account 支票帐户check for transfer 转帐支票check up account 对帐Cheque 支票Credit 信用，信贷credit agency 信贷机构credit analysis 信用分析credit and loan 信贷credit bank 信贷银行credit capacity 信贷能力credit capital 信贷资金credit card 信用卡credit crisis 信贷危机credit rating 信用评级credit risk 信贷风险credit standing 商业信誉credit union 信用社rural credit cooperatives 农村信用社urban credit cooperatives 城市信用社Creditor 债权人creditor bank 债权银行creditor country 债权国creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人creditor’s equity 债权人权益creditor’s meeting 债权人大会secured creditors’ committee 有抵押债权人委员会unsecured creditors’ committee 无抵押债权人委员会Crisis 危机crisis export 转嫁危机crisis of confidence 信任危机Cumulative 累积的cumulative balance 累积余额cumulative preference share 累积优先股份Currency 货币currency crisis 货币危机currency devaluation 货币贬值currency revaluation 货币增值Discount 贴现，折扣，减价debt discount 债务贴现discount bank 贴现银行discount bond 按面值折价发行的债券discount cash flow 现金收支折现法discount factors 贴现系数表discount for cash 贴现discount interest 贴现利息discount liability 折价债务discount loan 贴现贷款discount market 贴现市场discount method 折扣方法discount of bill 票据贴现discount on share 股票折价discount on stock 股本折价discount rate 贴现率，折扣率discount securities 折扣证券Discounted 已贴现的，已折扣的discounted cash flow technique 现金流量折现法discounted present value 贴现后的现值Interest 利息，股利interest free deposit 无息存款interest free loan 无息贷款interest income 利息收益interest on principal 本息interest rate on deposits 存款利率interest rate risk 利率风险interest-rate cuts 利率下调interest-rate reductions 利率下调Loan 贷款，借贷，借款loan bank 贷款银行loan capital 借贷资本loan financing 贷款筹措loan fund 贷款基金loan guarantee 贷款担保loan interest 贷款利息loan receivable 应收贷款loan-deposit ratio 贷款存款比率allocations of special drawing rights 特别提款权分配额Duty关税Dumping 倾销dumoing code 反倾销法案dumoing duty 倾销税dumping export 倾销出口dumping price 倾销价格Duration 期限Duty 关税countervailing duty 分倾销性关税duty drawback 关税退税duty free 免税merger and acquisition兼并与收购Acquiring enterprise 购方企业Acquisition （公司间的）收购，获得acquisition agreement 收购协议acquisition approach 收购方法acquisition criteria 收购标准acquisition cost 收购成本acquisition price 收购价格acquisition process 收购过程acquisition program 收购程序acquisition value 购置价值friendly acquisition 善意收购(hostile takeover) 敌意收购internal acquisition team 内部收购小组international acquisition 国际收购Horizontal 水平的，横向的horizontal acquisition 横向收购horizontal combination 横向合并，同行业合并horizontal integration 横向联合horizontal merger 横向兼并Vertical 垂直的，纵向的vertical acquisition 纵向收购vertical consolidation 纵向合并vertical integration 纵向合并vertical merger 纵向兼并Leverage 杠杆作用，借贷机会Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Leveraged lease 杠杆租赁Bankrupt破产bankrupt’s assets 破产者的财产Bankruptcy 破产act of bankruptcy 破产法案arrangement in bankruptcy court 迫产法庭调解bankruptcy administrator 破产管理人bankruptcy amendment act 破产修正案bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第7 章（清算）bankruptcy code chapter 11--- reorganization 破产法第11章(重组）bankruptcy court 破产法院bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人bankruptcy judge 破产判决bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy notice 破产公告bankruptcy ordinance 破产条例bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产bankruptcy proceedings 破产程序bankruptcy rules 破产规定bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人declaration of bankruptcy 宣布破产bankrupt’s assets 破产者的财产Bankruptcy 破产act of bankruptcy 破产法案arrangement in bankruptcy court 迫产法庭调解bankruptcy administrator 破产管理人bankruptcy amendment act 破产修正案bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第7 章（清算）bankruptcy code chapter 11--- reorganization 破产法第11章(重组）bankruptcy court 破产法院bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人bankruptcy judge 破产判决bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy notice 破产公告bankruptcy ordinance 破产条例bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产bankruptcy proceedings 破产程序bankruptcy rules 破产规定bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人declaration of bankruptcy 宣布破产Bond债券，证券，公债bond broker 债券经纪人bond creditor 债券债权人bond discount 债券折价bond issue 债券发行bond market 债券市场bond premium 债券溢价bond rating agency 债券评级机构bond yield 债券收益callable bond 通知偿还债券convertible bond 可转换债券government bond 政府债券junk bond 拉圾债券listed bond 挂牌债券，上市证券mortgage bond 抵押债券municipal bond 市政债券preference bond 优先债券，优先股registered bond 记名债券treasury bond 国库债券unlisted bond 未挂牌债券，未上市证Business administration企业管理，工商管理business assets 营业资产business competition 商业竟争business credit 商业贷款business efficiency 经济效率business entity 企业实体business ethics 商业道德business license 营业执照business management 企业管理business performance 经营成绩business policy 经营方针business representative 商务代表business risk 经营风险business strength 业务实力business tax 营业税business valuation 经济评价，企业评估Centralization 集中管理方式，集中化centralization and decentralization 集中与分散Management 管理Manage 管理，经营Managrd 管理的，经营的Management 管理central management 集中管理enterprise’s management 企业管理management accounting 管理会计management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理management decision 管理决策management function 管理职能management qualitymanagement information system 管理信息系统personnel management 人事管理Manager 经理，管理人员，经营者accounting manager 会计主管assistant general manager 助理，副总经理general manager 总经理Managerial 管理的managerial decision-making process 管理决策程序managerial economics 管理经济学managerial know-how 管理专门知识Loan 贷款，借贷，借款loan bank 贷款银行loan capital 借贷资本loan financing 贷款筹措loan fund 贷款基金loan guarantee 贷款担保loan interest 贷款利息loan receivable 应收贷款loan-deposit ratio 贷款存款比率Capital资本，股本additional paid-in capital 追加股本金borrowed capital 借入资本business capital 企业资本capital account 资本帐户capital accumulation 资本积累capital appreciation 资本增值capital and liability ratio 资本负债比率capital appreciation 资本增值capital assets account 资本资产账户capital authorized 法定资本，核定资本capital budget 资本预算capital construction investment 基本建设投资capital cost 资本成本，资本费用capital credit certificate 资本信用证书capital deficit 资本亏损capital export country 资本输出国capital in cash 现金资本capital in budget 预算内资金capital increase 增资capital input 资本投入capital investment 资本投资capital lease 资产租赁capital loan 资本借贷capital loss 资本损失capital market rate 资本市场利率capital net worth 资本净值capital paid in 实收资本，已缴资本capital ratio 资本比率capital reorganization 资本重组，资本改组capital reserve 公积金，准备金capital shortage 资金短缺capital stock 股本，股金总额capital structure 资本结构capital surplus 公积金，资本盈余capital transfer tax 资本转移税capital turnover 资金周转，资本周转capital value 资本价值circulating capital 流动资本，流通资本commodity capital 商品资本constant capital 不变资本corporate capital 公司资本current capital 流动资本dead capital 呆滞资本disposable capital 闲置资本entity capital 自有资本financing capital 金融资本group capitals 集团资本idle capital 呆滞资本monetary capital 货币资本net working capital 净流动资金nominal capital 名义资本，额定资本original capital 原始投资private capital 私人资本production capital 生产资本return on capital 资本收益率share capital 股本venture capital 风险资本，投机资本weighted average cost of capital(WACC) 加权平均资本成本Capital-intensive 资本集约型的，资本密集型的Capitalization 资产化capitalization rate 资产化率capitalization ratio 资产构成比率Stock股票，股份American Stock Exchange(AMEX) 美国证券交易所New York Stock Exchange(NYEX) 纽约证券交易所stock acquisition 股票收购stock and bond 股票和债券stock authorized 额定股本stock averages 股份平均指数stock bonus 股份红利stock capitalization 股份资本化stock certificate 股票stock common 普通股stock dividend 股利，股息stock equity securities 股权证券stock exchange 股票交易所stock exchange firm 证券公司stock index 证券指数stock index futures 股票指数期货stock insurance company 股票保险公司stock ledger 存货簿，股东名册stock market credit 股票市场信用stock market quotation 股市行情stock merger 股票兼并stock option 股票购买权stock ownership 股权stock preferred 优先股stock premium 股票溢价stock purchase warrant 购股证stock transfer 股票转让stock-for asset reorganization 股票资产交换式重组stock-for stock reorganization 股票股票交换式重组voting stock 有投票权的股票NYSE New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所AMEX American Stock Exchange 美国证券交易所。
最全经济学英语词汇(打印版)
经济学英语词汇经济学英语词汇1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account) current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill) to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stockbrokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格,票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街3、Credit 信贷short term loan 短期贷款long term loan长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务fundeddebt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance,grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、Pruduction 生产output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩5、Expenses 耗费cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overheadcosts 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses分摊费用6、Profit 利润income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 税duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer纳税人tax collector 收税员8、Internal economic and trade orgnization国际经济与贸易组织China Council for the Promotion of InternationalTrade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association forthe Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会BritishCouncil for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union ofMarine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operationCouncil, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development,DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European CommonMarket 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual EconomicAid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association,CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free TradeAssociation, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs andEconomic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community,WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries,OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries,OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic andMonetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American Oriental第 3 页共9 页Banking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行TheChase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行UnitedBank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank ofTokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La CommunauteFinancieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金UnitedNations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织UnitedNations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Foodand Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织EconomicCommission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for LatinAmerica, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East,ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas ChineseInvestment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所Aaccounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginalproductivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型第 5 页共9 页efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions productionfunction 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Kkinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate ofsubstitution 边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate oftechnical substitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous productionfunction 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价第7 页共9 页monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件service 劳务set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表Sweezy model 斯威齐模型symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third—degree price discrimination第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿Vvalue 价值value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量vector 向量visible hand 看得见的手vulgur economics 庸俗经济学Wwage 工资wage rate 工资率Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经学Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形welfare maximization 福利极大化Zzero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性zero economic profit 零利润第9 页共9 页。
经济学基本词汇英文对照
经济学基本词汇英文对照1. 供需关系（Supply and Demand）在经济学中，供需关系是指商品或服务的供给量与需求量之间的关系。
当供给量大于需求量时，价格往往下降；反之，当需求量大于供给量时，价格则会上升。
2. 市场均衡（Market Equilibrium）市场均衡是指在一个市场中，商品的供给量和需求量达到平衡状态，此时商品的价格稳定。
3. 边际效用（Marginal Utility）边际效用是指消费者在消费过程中，每增加一单位商品所获得的额外满足感。
随着消费量的增加，边际效用逐渐递减。
4. 机会成本（Opportunity Cost）机会成本是指为了得到某种东西而放弃的其他最有价值的机会。
在做决策时，我们需要考虑机会成本。
5. 生产要素（Factors of Production）生产要素是指在生产过程中所使用的资源，主要包括劳动力、土地、资本和企业家精神。
6. 宏观经济学（Macroeconomics）宏观经济学研究的是整个国家或地区的经济总量、经济增长、通货膨胀、失业等经济现象。
7. 微观经济学（Microeconomics）微观经济学研究的是个体经济单位（如家庭、企业）在资源有限的情况下如何进行选择，以及这些选择如何影响市场价格和资源配置。
8. 总需求（Aggregate Demand）总需求是指一个国家或地区在一定时期内，所有消费者、企业、政府和外国购买者对最终产品和服务的需求总和。
9. 总供给（Aggregate Supply）总供给是指一个国家或地区在一定时期内，所有生产者愿意提供的最终产品和服务的总量。
10. 通货膨胀（Inflation）通货膨胀是指货币供应量增加，导致物价普遍上涨，购买力下降的经济现象。
11. 失业（Unemployment）失业是指有劳动能力并愿意工作的人未能找到工作的情况。
失业率是衡量一个国家或地区经济状况的重要指标。
12. 货币政策（Monetary Policy）货币政策是指中央银行通过调整货币供应量和利率等手段，以达到控制通货膨胀、促进经济增长等目标的政策。
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经济学词汇Llabour :劳动labour demand :劳动需求labour supply :劳动供给labour theory of value :劳动价值论labour unions :工会laissez faire :自由放任Lagrangian function :拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier :拉格朗乘数，land :土地law :法则law of demand and supply :供需法law of diminishing marginal utility :边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution :边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution :边际技术替代率law of increasing cost :成本递增法则law of one price :单一价格法则leader—follower model :领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs :最低成本的投入组合leisure :闲暇Leontief production function :列昂节夫生产函数licenses :许可证linear demand function :线性需求函数linear homogeneity :线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function :线性齐次生产函数long run :长期long run average cost :长期平均成本long run equilibrium :长期均衡long run industry supply curve :长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost :长期边际成本long run total cost :长期总成本Lorenz curve :洛伦兹曲线loss minimization :损失极小化1ump sum tax :一次性征税luxury :奢侈品Mmacroeconomics :宏观经济学marginal :边际的marginal benefit :边际收益marginal cost :边际成本marginal cost pricing :边际成本定价marginal cost of factor :边际要素成本marginal physical productivity :实际实物生产率marginal product :边际产量marginal product of capital :资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour :劳动的边际产量marginal productivity :边际生产率marginal rate of substitution :边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns :边际回报marginal revenue :边际收益marginal revenue product :边际收益产品marginal revolution :边际革命marginal social benefit :社会边际收益marginal social cost :社会边际成本marginal utility :边际效用marginal value products :边际价值产品market :市场market clearance :市场结清，市场洗清market demand :市场需求market economy :市场经济market equilibrium :市场均衡market failure :市场失败market mechanism :市场机制market structure :市场结构market separation :市场分割market regulation :市场调节market share :市场份额markup pricing :加减定价法Marshallian demand function :马歇尔需求函数maximization :极大化microeconomics :微观经济学minimum wage :最低工资misallocation of resources :资源误置mixed economy :混合经济model :模型money :货币monopolistic competition :垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation :垄断剥削monopoly :垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium :垄断均衡monopoly pricing :垄断定价monopoly regulation :垄断调控monopoly rents :垄断租金monopsony :买方垄断NNash equilibrium :纳什均衡Natural monopoly :自然垄断Natural resources :自然资源Necessary condition :必要条件necessities :必需品net demand :净需求nonconvex preference :非凸性偏好nonconvexity :非凸性nonexclusion :非排斥性nonlinear pricing :非线性定价nonrivalry :非对抗性nonprice competition :非价格竞争nonsatiation :非饱和性non--zero—sum game :非零和对策normal goods :正常品normal profit :正常利润normative economics :规范经济学Oobjective function :目标函数oligopoly :寡头垄断oligopoly market :寡头市场oligopoly model :寡头模型opportunity cost :机会成本optimal choice :最佳选择optimal consumption bundle :消费束perfect elasticity :完全有弹性optimal resource allocation :最佳资源配置optimal scale :最佳规模optimal solution :最优解optimization :优化ordering of optimization(social) preference :(社会)偏好排序ordinal utility :序数效用ordinary goods :一般品output :产量、产出output elasticity :产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter :参数Pareto criterion :帕累托标准Pareto efficiency :帕累托效率Pareto improvement :帕累托改进Pareto optimality :帕累托优化Pareto set :帕累托集partial derivative :偏导数partial equilibrium :局部均衡patent :专利pay off matrix :收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve :感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition :完全竞争perfect complement :完全互补品perfect monopoly :完全垄断perfect price discrimination :完全价格歧视perfect substitution :完全替代品perfect inelasticity :完全无弹性perfectly elastic :完全有弹性perfectly inelastic :完全无弹性plant size :工厂规模point elasticity :点弹性post Hoc Fallacy :后此谬误prediction :预测preference :偏好preference relation :偏好关系present value :现值price :价格price adjustment model :价格调整模型price ceiling :最高限价price consumption curve :价格费曲线price control :价格管制price difference :价格差别price discrimination :价格歧视price elasticity of demand :需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply :供给价格弹性price floor :最低限价price maker :价格制定者price rigidity :价格刚性price seeker :价格搜求者price taker :价格接受者price tax :从价税private benefit :私人收益principal—agent issues :委托--代理问题private cost :私人成本private goods :私人用品private property :私人财产producer equilibrium :生产者均衡producer theory :生产者理论product :产品product transformation curve :产品转换曲线product differentiation :产品差异product group :产品集团production :生产production contract curve :生产契约曲线production efficiency :生产效率production function :生产函数production possibility curve :生产可能性曲线productivity :生产率productivity of capital :资本生产率productivity of labor :劳动生产率profit :利润profit function :利润函数profit maximization :利润极大化property rights :产权property rights economics :产权经济学proposition :定理proportional demand curve :成比例的需求曲线public benefits :公共收益public choice :公共选择public goods :公共商品pure competition :纯粹竞争rivalry :对抗性、竞争pure exchange :纯交换pure monopoly :纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model :数量调整模型quantity tax :从量税quasi—rent :准租金Rrate of product transformation :产品转换率rationality :理性reaction function :反应函数regulation :调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent :租金rent control :规模报酬rent seeking :寻租rent seeking economics :寻租经济学resource :资源resource allocation :资源配置returns :报酬、回报returns to scale :规模报酬revealed preference :显示性偏好revenue :收益revenue curve :收益曲线revenue function :收益函数revenue maximization :收益极大化ridge line :脊线risk :风险Ssatiation :饱和，满足saving :储蓄scarcity :稀缺性second—degree price discrimination :二级价格歧视second derivative :--阶导数second—order condition :二阶条件service :劳务set :集shadow prices :影子价格short—run :短期short—run cost curve :短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium :短期均衡short—run supply curve :短期供给曲线shut down decision :关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point :关闭点single price monopoly :单一定价垄断slope :斜率social benefit :社会收益social cost :社会成本social indifference curve :社会无差异曲线social preference :社会偏好social security :社会保障social welfare function :社会福利函数socialism :社会主义solution :解space :空间stability :稳定性stable equilibrium :稳定的均衡Stackelberg model :斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis :静态分析stock :存量stock market :股票市场strategy :策略subsidy :津贴substitutes :替代品substitution effect :替代效应substitution parameter :替代参数sufficient condition :充分条件supply :供给supply curve :供给曲线supply function :供给函数supply schedule :供给表Sweezy model :斯威齐模型symmetry :对称性symmetry of information :信息对称Ttangency :相切taste :兴致technical efficiency :技术效率technological constraints ；技术约束technological progress :技术进步technology :技术third—degree price discrimination :第三级价格歧视total cost :总成本total effect :总效应total expenditure :总支出total fixed cost :总固定成本total product :总产量total revenue :总收益total utility :总效用total variable cost :总可变成本traditional economy :传统经济transitivity :传递性transaction cost :交易费用Uuncertainty :不确定性uniqueness :唯一性unit elasticity :单位弹性unstable equilibrium :不稳定均衡utility :效用utility function :效用函数utility index :效用指数utility maximization :效用极大化utility possibility curve :效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier :效用可能性前沿Vvalue :价值value judge :价值判断value of marginal product :边际产量价值variable cost :可变成本variable input :可变投入variables :变量vector :向量visible hand :看得见的手vulgur economics :庸俗经济学Wwage :工资wage rate :工资率Walras general equilibrium :瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law :瓦尔拉斯法则Wants :需要Welfare criterion :福利标准Welfare economics :福利经学Welfare loss triangle :福利损失三角形welfare maximization :福利极大化Zzero cost :零成本zero elasticity :零弹性zero homogeneity :零阶齐次性zero economic profit :零利润。