Figure-of-speech
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Figures of Speech
Youth is not a time of life； it is a state of mind；
it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees；
it is a matter of the will,
那男孩儿一抓到食物便狼吞虎咽般地吃了下去。
•The boy is shooting up fast.
这个小孩长得很快。
•Everything was bathed in the golden sunlight.
万物沐浴在金色的阳光下。
•Don’t monkey with the new book.
不要乱动那本新书。
物价是随着市面的普通萧条而低落的。
第16页，共50页。
2. 动词
• The sea was singing; The forests were dancing.
海在欢唱，林在舞动。
• The racing car strained impatiently at the starting line.
她对细节有照相机般的记忆力。
第12页，共50页。
more examples:
• the golden age
• stormy applause
• iron will
• a silver tongue
• a biting north wind
• 黄金时代
• 雷鸣般的掌声 • 钢铁般的意志
• 流利的口才
denotes one thing to refer to another with a similar quality. It makes a comparison between two unlike elements , but the comparison is implied, not expressed with the word as or like. For example, the world is a stage.
a quality of the imagination,
a vigor of the emotions； it is the freshness of the springs of life.
第1页，共50页。
What is figure of speech ?
A figure of speech is a use of a word
simile
9. My stomach was punishing me for not eating on
time.
personification
10. We regard it as a burning shame to have lagged behind. metaphor
第19页，共50页。
读书对于思想，好比运动对于身体一样重要。
•A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled.
说出的话犹如抛出的石，是收不回的。
第6页，共50页。
( 3 ) 动词seem，resemble (名词形式resemblance)， treat／honour／regard／consider／respect as， compare to，liken to，pass(胜过)，remind of，be similar to等。
The metaphor is also composed of the subject/tenor（本体）and the vehicle/reference （喻 体）.
第9页，共50页。
暗喻的表达形式
( 1 ) Nominal (n.) metaphors 名词型 •He is a walking dictionary.
第20页，共50页。
4. Metonymy （转喻）
• It is substituting the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated. (such as the crown can stand for a king, and the White House for the American government.)
3. The wind whistled throughout the day.
personification
4. The corridor was flooded with boys and
girls.
metaphor
5. The leaves danced their way through the lawn. personification
他根本不听— 同他讲话就好像同一堵墙讲话一样。
A home without love is no more than a body without a soul. 没有爱的家庭无异于一个没有灵魂的躯体。
第8页，共50页。
2. Metaphor （暗喻）
It is the use of a word which originally
第4页，共50页。
other comparative words:
( 1 ) 介词as…as，like，of等。 •They are as like as two peas.
他们两个长得一模一样。
•He has a heart of stone.
他有一副铁石心肠。
•He smokes 1ike a chimney（烟囱）.
Age is weak and cold 衰老无精打采 Youth is wild ,and Age is tame 青春矫健，衰老迟钝
--William Shakespeare In these lines Youth and Age are describled like two persons. •2. In prose(散文）it is also used, but not so often as in poetry.
➢ To understand the author’s intention better. ➢ To find out the common ways people
know the world and ways people express themselves. ➢ To appreciate the beauty, explicit or not, of the language. ➢ To learn how to achieve an effective communication.
第15页，共50页。
拟人的表现形式
1.名词或名词短语
•They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.
他们在海上迷失了方向，任凭风和天气的摆布。
•Prices are low in sympathy with the general depression.
那辆赛车站在跑道上急迫地紧张起来。
3.形容词
• But he just looked at her with his face. (也可以说是利用了移就transferred epithets )
第17页，共50页。
Exercises
1. They spent money like water. simile 2. He is an old woman. metaphor
第3页，共50页。
1. Simile (明喻)
• Definition
It is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like.
他是一本活词典. •A silver plate (The moon) is rising up in the sky. 一
个银盘在天边升起。
•She is an angel of a girl. 她是天仙般的女孩。 •He is a bag of wind. 他只说不干。
第10页，共50页。
( 2 ) Verbal metaphors 动词型 •The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it.
1. Usually simile consists of three parts，即本体(tenor 或subject)、喻体(vehicle或reference)和喻词(comparative word) 。如：
• My love is like a red , red rose.
↓
↓
↓
(tenor) (comparative word) (vehicle)
•Shakespeare compared the world to a stage．莎士 比亚把世界比作舞台。 •He treats his child as the apple in the eye.他把孩子 当成掌上明珠。
第7页，共50页。
( 4 ) 词组may／might as well…（as）(做…就好像做…)，no more／less…than／not any more …than(如同…一样) ，so speak／as it were (可以说，可以比 喻地说)。 He never listens—you might as well talk to a brick (as talk to him).
第11页，共50页。
( 3 ) Adjective metaphors 形容词型
•It is a thorny issue.
这是个棘手的问题。
•The girl is a dead shot.
这位姑娘是神枪手!
•He loves a rosy cheek.
他喜欢玫瑰色面颊。
•She has a photographic memory for detail.
第18页，共50页。
6. He has a heart of gold. simile
7. The watch kept warning them about the time left
for the race to end.
personification
8. He works 1ike a horse.
他抽烟很厉害。
第5页，共50页。
( 2 ) 连词as (犹如)，what (犹如)，as if, as though,
than, and, the way 等。
•Air is to man as water is to fish.
人离不开空气，犹如鱼离不开水。
•Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
• 刺骨的北风
第13页，共50页。
( 4 )Adverbial metaphors
副词/状语型
•He flatly refused us.
他坚决拒绝我们。
•Time passed at a snail’s pace.
时间过得很慢。
•They escaped by a hair’s breadth.
that diverges from its normal meaning,
or a phrase with a specialized meaning not bas ed on the literal meaning of the words in it.
第2页，共50页。
Why do we learn it?
他们死里逃生。
第14页，共50页。
3. Personification （拟人）
• It is to treat a thing or an idea as if it were human or had human qualities. 将某个事物或某种思想比喻为具有人类行为或人类特征 的过程。 •1. In poetry personification is very common. eg. Youth is hot and bold 青春生气勃勃
Youth is not a time of life； it is a state of mind；
it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees；
it is a matter of the will,
那男孩儿一抓到食物便狼吞虎咽般地吃了下去。
•The boy is shooting up fast.
这个小孩长得很快。
•Everything was bathed in the golden sunlight.
万物沐浴在金色的阳光下。
•Don’t monkey with the new book.
不要乱动那本新书。
物价是随着市面的普通萧条而低落的。
第16页，共50页。
2. 动词
• The sea was singing; The forests were dancing.
海在欢唱，林在舞动。
• The racing car strained impatiently at the starting line.
她对细节有照相机般的记忆力。
第12页，共50页。
more examples:
• the golden age
• stormy applause
• iron will
• a silver tongue
• a biting north wind
• 黄金时代
• 雷鸣般的掌声 • 钢铁般的意志
• 流利的口才
denotes one thing to refer to another with a similar quality. It makes a comparison between two unlike elements , but the comparison is implied, not expressed with the word as or like. For example, the world is a stage.
a quality of the imagination,
a vigor of the emotions； it is the freshness of the springs of life.
第1页，共50页。
What is figure of speech ?
A figure of speech is a use of a word
simile
9. My stomach was punishing me for not eating on
time.
personification
10. We regard it as a burning shame to have lagged behind. metaphor
第19页，共50页。
读书对于思想，好比运动对于身体一样重要。
•A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled.
说出的话犹如抛出的石，是收不回的。
第6页，共50页。
( 3 ) 动词seem，resemble (名词形式resemblance)， treat／honour／regard／consider／respect as， compare to，liken to，pass(胜过)，remind of，be similar to等。
The metaphor is also composed of the subject/tenor（本体）and the vehicle/reference （喻 体）.
第9页，共50页。
暗喻的表达形式
( 1 ) Nominal (n.) metaphors 名词型 •He is a walking dictionary.
第20页，共50页。
4. Metonymy （转喻）
• It is substituting the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated. (such as the crown can stand for a king, and the White House for the American government.)
3. The wind whistled throughout the day.
personification
4. The corridor was flooded with boys and
girls.
metaphor
5. The leaves danced their way through the lawn. personification
他根本不听— 同他讲话就好像同一堵墙讲话一样。
A home without love is no more than a body without a soul. 没有爱的家庭无异于一个没有灵魂的躯体。
第8页，共50页。
2. Metaphor （暗喻）
It is the use of a word which originally
第4页，共50页。
other comparative words:
( 1 ) 介词as…as，like，of等。 •They are as like as two peas.
他们两个长得一模一样。
•He has a heart of stone.
他有一副铁石心肠。
•He smokes 1ike a chimney（烟囱）.
Age is weak and cold 衰老无精打采 Youth is wild ,and Age is tame 青春矫健，衰老迟钝
--William Shakespeare In these lines Youth and Age are describled like two persons. •2. In prose(散文）it is also used, but not so often as in poetry.
➢ To understand the author’s intention better. ➢ To find out the common ways people
know the world and ways people express themselves. ➢ To appreciate the beauty, explicit or not, of the language. ➢ To learn how to achieve an effective communication.
第15页，共50页。
拟人的表现形式
1.名词或名词短语
•They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.
他们在海上迷失了方向，任凭风和天气的摆布。
•Prices are low in sympathy with the general depression.
那辆赛车站在跑道上急迫地紧张起来。
3.形容词
• But he just looked at her with his face. (也可以说是利用了移就transferred epithets )
第17页，共50页。
Exercises
1. They spent money like water. simile 2. He is an old woman. metaphor
第3页，共50页。
1. Simile (明喻)
• Definition
It is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like.
他是一本活词典. •A silver plate (The moon) is rising up in the sky. 一
个银盘在天边升起。
•She is an angel of a girl. 她是天仙般的女孩。 •He is a bag of wind. 他只说不干。
第10页，共50页。
( 2 ) Verbal metaphors 动词型 •The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it.
1. Usually simile consists of three parts，即本体(tenor 或subject)、喻体(vehicle或reference)和喻词(comparative word) 。如：
• My love is like a red , red rose.
↓
↓
↓
(tenor) (comparative word) (vehicle)
•Shakespeare compared the world to a stage．莎士 比亚把世界比作舞台。 •He treats his child as the apple in the eye.他把孩子 当成掌上明珠。
第7页，共50页。
( 4 ) 词组may／might as well…（as）(做…就好像做…)，no more／less…than／not any more …than(如同…一样) ，so speak／as it were (可以说，可以比 喻地说)。 He never listens—you might as well talk to a brick (as talk to him).
第11页，共50页。
( 3 ) Adjective metaphors 形容词型
•It is a thorny issue.
这是个棘手的问题。
•The girl is a dead shot.
这位姑娘是神枪手!
•He loves a rosy cheek.
他喜欢玫瑰色面颊。
•She has a photographic memory for detail.
第18页，共50页。
6. He has a heart of gold. simile
7. The watch kept warning them about the time left
for the race to end.
personification
8. He works 1ike a horse.
他抽烟很厉害。
第5页，共50页。
( 2 ) 连词as (犹如)，what (犹如)，as if, as though,
than, and, the way 等。
•Air is to man as water is to fish.
人离不开空气，犹如鱼离不开水。
•Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
• 刺骨的北风
第13页，共50页。
( 4 )Adverbial metaphors
副词/状语型
•He flatly refused us.
他坚决拒绝我们。
•Time passed at a snail’s pace.
时间过得很慢。
•They escaped by a hair’s breadth.
that diverges from its normal meaning,
or a phrase with a specialized meaning not bas ed on the literal meaning of the words in it.
第2页，共50页。
Why do we learn it?
他们死里逃生。
第14页，共50页。
3. Personification （拟人）
• It is to treat a thing or an idea as if it were human or had human qualities. 将某个事物或某种思想比喻为具有人类行为或人类特征 的过程。 •1. In poetry personification is very common. eg. Youth is hot and bold 青春生气勃勃