2010-2018年江苏扬州市中考英语真题专题汇编及详细答案：翻译句子

翻译句子
一．填空题（共41小题）
1．（2018•扬州）糖果含糖太多，对我们的牙齿有害．Candy contains too much sugar，which is harmful to our teeth．
【解答】糖果candy，不可数名词，包含contain，太多糖too much sugar，which关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，对…有害be harmful to…，根据句意"糖果含糖太多，对我们的牙齿有害"可知，主句和从句都要用一般现在时．
故答案为Candy contains too much sugar，which is harmful to our teeth．2．（2018•扬州）总体来说，这个产品满足了大部分顾客的需求．Generally speaking，this product meets the needs of most customers．
【解答】根据题干，可知总体来说Generally speaking；大部分顾客的需求the needs of most customers．时态为一般现在时，主要是三单式．
故答案为Generally speaking，this product meets the needs of most customers．3．（2018•扬州）记住，每个人都可以做点对保护环境有益的事情．Remember，everyone can do something that is good for the environment．
【解答】记住，每个人everyone，事情something，that引导定语从句，代替先行词something 在从句中做主语，对…有好处be good for，环境the environment，根据句意"记住，每个人都可以做点对保护环境有益的事情"可知，主句用祈使句，从句用一般现在时．
故答案为Remember，everyone can do something that is good for the environment．4．（2018•扬州）扬州位于江苏中部，以其悠久的历史和文化而闻名．Yangzhou is located in the central part of Jiangsu，and is famous for its long history and culture．
【解答】位于某地be located…是固定句型，在…中部in the central part of…，以…闻名be famous for…，悠久的历史和文化long history and culture．，根据句意"扬州位于江苏中部，以其悠久的历史和文化而闻名"可知，要用一般现在时．
故答案为Yangzhou is located in the central part of Jiangsu，and is famous for its long history and culture．
5．（2018•扬州）如果在这里建设一个新的机场，许多动物将失去家园．If a new airport is built here，many animals will lose their homes．
【解答】如果If，引导条件状语从句，新机场a new airport，建设build，失去家园lose one's
home，根据句意"如果在这里建设一个新的机场，许多动物将失去家园．"可知，主句要用一般将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，从句还要用被动语态．故答案为If a new airport is built here，many animals will lose their homes．6．（2017•扬州）昨天这个时候，我们正在上一节关于中国文化的课．We were having a lesson about Chinese culture at this time yesterday．．
【解答】答案：We were having a lesson about Chinese culture at this time yesterday．昨天那个时候at this time yesterday表达的是过去正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时was/were+doing，主语we，故were，have a lesson about Chinese culture 上一节关于中国文化的课；昨天的这个时候为at this time yesterday，故答案是We were having a lesson about Chinese culture at this time yesterday．
7．（2017•扬州）她无忧无虑，因为我们把她照顾得很周到．She never worries because we take good care of her．
【解答】答案：She never worries because we take good care of her．
首先分析句子的时态和结构：句子表述的是现在的情况，所以用一般现在时，动词"忧虑"是worry，"她无忧无虑"是She never worries，短语"把她照顾得很周到"是take good care of her，引导原因状语从句用连词because，故答案是：She never worries because we take good care of her
8．（2017•扬州）如果你砍伐这些树木，将会受到惩罚．You will be punished if you cut down these trees．．
【解答】答案：You will be punished if you cut down these trees．．
首先分析句子的时态和结构：这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，结合汉语用被动语态，一般将来时被动语态的构成是：主语+will be+动词的过去分词，"砍伐"是cut down，动词"惩罚"是punish，故答案是：You will be punished if you cut down these trees．
9．（2017•扬州）人生就像一场赛跑，你要么领先，要么落后．Life is like a race．You either take the lead or fall behind．
【解答】答案：Life is like a race．You either take the lead or fall behind．
首先分析句子的时态和结构：句子表述的是一般性的事实，所以用一般现在时，此处的"
像"用介词like，短语"要么…要么…"是either …or …，短语"领先"是take the lead，"落后"是fall behind，故答案是：Life is like a race．You either take the lead or fall behind
10．（2017•扬州）他说得太快，不能清楚地表达自己的想法．He spoke so fast that he couldn't express himself clearly．．
【解答】答案：He spoke so fast that he couldn't express himself clearly．．
首先分析句子的时态和结构：句子表述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，结合汉语用so…that…引导结果状语从句，"说得太快"是speak so fast，"不能清楚地表达自己的想法"can't express himself clearly．，故答案是：He spoke so fast that he couldn't express himself clearly．
11．（2016•扬州）我正在计划怎样度过这个假期．I am planning how to spend this holiday．【解答】答案：I am planning how to spend this holiday．
首先分析句子的时态和结构：根据汉语"正在计划"，可知句子表述的是正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时，构成：am/is/are+Ving形式，计划的英语表达法是plan，后面跟how+to do sth：怎样度过这个假期，翻译成how to spend this holiday，故答案是：I am planning how to spend this holiday．
12．（2016•扬州）在做这项工作前，他们有必要接受培训．It's necessary for them to receive training before doing the job．
【解答】答案：It's necessary for them to receive training before doing the job．
首先分析句子的时态和结构：句子表述的是一般性的事实，所以用一般现在时，短语"对某人来说有必要做某事"一般表示为是It's necessary for sb to do sth，接受培训为receive training，在做某事之前一般用before，"在做这项工作前"一般说成before doing the job，故答案是：It's necessary for them to receive training before doing the job．13．（2016•扬州）我妈妈离开家的时候忘记关灯了．When my mother left home，she forgot to turn off the lights．
【解答】答案：When my mother left home，she forgot to turn off the lights．
首先分析句子的时态和结构：根据汉语"我妈妈离开家的时候忘记关灯了"，可知句子表述的应该是发生在过去的一个动作，所以用一般过去时，短语"当…的时候"用when引导；
句中的"离开家"用短语leave表示，"忘记做某事"用forget to do sth表示，关灯的英语表达法是turn off the lights．故填：When my mother left home，she forgot to turn off the lights．14．（2016•扬州）上周，他被选中在那部电影中主演一名警察．Last week，he was chosen to star a policeman in that movie．
【解答】答案：Last week，he was chosen to star a policeman in that movie．
首先分析句子的时态和结构：根据短语"上周"，可知句子表述的是发生在过去的一个动作，所以用一般过去时，短语"上周"是last week；再根据"他被选中"可以判断句子应该用被动语态，即句子用一般过去时的被动语态，构成：were/was+动词的过去分词；选一般用choose表示，过去分词是chosen，"主演一名警察"的翻译为star a policeman，"在那部电影中"的说法是in that movie．故填：Last week，he was chosen to star a policeman in that movie．
15．（2016•扬州）沿着这条路走，你就会看到银行在你的左边．Walk along this road，and you will find the bank on your left．．
【解答】答案：Walk along this road，and you will find the bank on your left．
首先分析句子的时态和结构：这是一个指路的句型，前半部分一般用祈使句，短语"沿着"一般用walk along表示，后半部分表示将要发生的动作，所以用一般将来时，构成是will+动词原形，动词"看到"一般用find来表示，在你的左边一般说，on your left．故答案是：Walk along this road，and you will find the bank on your left．
16．（2015•扬州）那个女孩高兴时，不是唱歌就是跳舞．
When the girl is happy，she either sings or dances．
【解答】答案：When the girl is happy，she either sings or dances．这里是说客观事实用一般现在时，当…时候用when引导的时间状语从句，主语是the girl三单，开心be happy，结合主语，故When the girl is happy，主句主语she代替the girl，不是…就是…用either…
or…连接两对等成分，这里连接两个谓语，唱歌sing，三单sings，跳舞dance，三单dances，故答案是When the girl is happy，she either sings or dances．
17．（2015•扬州）他发现自己的房间乱七八糟．
He found his room in a mess．
【解答】答案：He found his room in a mess．这里是说过去的事情用一般过去时，发现某物怎么样用find+宾语+宾补，主语he，find的过去式found，宾语his room，用介词短语in a mess 混乱的，作为宾语补足语，故答案是He found his room in a mess．18．（2015•扬州）快下雨了，你最好关上窗户．
It's going to rain．you'd better close the windows．．
【解答】答案：It's going to rain．you'd better close the windows．结合句意是说快下雨了用一般将来时be going to do sth，主语是it，故is，下雨rain，故It's going to rain，最好做某事用had better do sth，主语you，关窗户close the windows，故答案是It's going to
rain．you'd better close the windows．
19．（2015•扬州）今天下午历史考试一结束，我们就去看电影．
We will go to the cinema as soon as the history exam ends this afternoon．
【解答】答案：We will go to the cinema as soon as the history exam ends this afternoon．这里是表示一…就…用as soon as引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现的规则，主句是我们就去看电影，用一般将来时will+动词原形，主语是we，去看电影go to the cinema，故We will go to the cinema，从句是今天下午历史考试一结束，用一般现在时，主语是the history exam 历史考试，三单，结束end，时间this afternoon，故答案是We will go to the cinema as soon as the history exam ends this afternoon．
20．（2015•扬州）你曾经梦想过八小时环游世界吗？
Have you ever dreamed to travel around the world in eight hours？．【解答】答案：Have you ever dreamed to travel around the world in eight hours？结合句意是说你曾经做过某事吗，用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，这里是一般疑问句，主语是第二人称you，故将have提到句首，曾经ever，梦想做某事dream to do sth，dream的过去分词dreamed，环游世界travel around the world，时间状语in eight hours，故答案是Have you ever dreamed to travel around the world in eight hours？
21．（2014•扬州）英式英语与美式英语有点不同．
British English is a little different from American English．．
【解答】British English is a little different from American English．
22．（2014•扬州）我们迫不及待地想知道考试结果．
We can't wait to know the result of the exam．
【解答】根据分析，答案为：We can't wait to know the result of the exam．23．（2014•扬州）我怀疑那个活动是否值得参加．
I doubt whether the activity is worth taking part in．
【解答】根据分析，答案为：I doubt whether the activity is worth taking part in．24．（2014•扬州）不要熬夜，否则你会在课上打瞌睡．
Don't stay up，or yu will feel sleepy in class．．
【解答】根据分析，答案为：Don't stay up，or yu will feel sleepy in class．25．（2014•扬州）David如此爱好阅读以至于他每天在这一方面花一小时．David is so crazy about reading that he spends an hour on it every day．
【解答】根据分析，完成句子需运用"so..that…"，"be crazy about reading"，"spend one hour on it"，时态为一般现在时，所以答案为David is so crazy about reading that he spends an hour on it every day．
26．（2013•扬州）在我们学校图书馆里有有几千本书．There are thousands of books in our school library．
【解答】答案：There are thousands of books in our school library．翻译注意点：因为句中有有几千本书，因此应该用there are来翻译；几千用thousands of，在我们学校图书馆用in．故此句应该翻译成：There are thousands of books in our school library．27．（2013•扬州）扬州园林（YangzhouGardens）不仅在中国出名，而且在全世界也很有名．Yangzhou Gardens are famous not only in China but also in the whole world．．【解答】答案：Yangzhou Gardens are famous not only in China but also in the whole world．首先本句说的是客观事实用一般现在时，主语是Yangzhou Gardens复数，说它有名，用famous，故YangzhouGardens are famous，再者不仅…而且…用not only …but also…结构，在中国in China，在全世界用in the whole world，故not only in China but also in the whole world，故答案是Yangzhou Gardens are famous not only in China but also in the whole world．
28．（2013•扬州）谁将应邀主持下周的演出？Who will be invited to host the next week's show？．
【解答】答案：Who will be invited to host the next week's show？邀请某人做某事应该用invite sb．to do sth；因为有下周的演出，因此应该用一般将来时；谁将应邀，因此应该用被动语态；故应该用一般将来时的被动语态来翻译，应该用一般将来时被动语态来翻译，一般将来时被动语态的构成：主语+will+be+动词的过去分词；主持应用动词host；
因此此句应该翻译成：Who will be invited to host the next week's show？29．（2013•扬州）在这个公园里，除非你有地图，否则很容易迷路．Unless you have a map，you will get lost easily in the park．．
【解答】答案：Unless you have a map，you will get lost easily in the park．根据汉语意思，除非…否则，我们联想到unless引导的条件状语从句，它遵循主将从现的规则，主句是你在这公园里容易迷路，用一般现在时，迷路用get lost，副词easily表示"容易地"修饰动词短语get lost，故you will get lost easily in the park，从句用一般现在时，故Unless you have a map，故答案是Unless you have a map，you will get lost easily in the park．
30．（2013•扬州）对我们来说，像以前那样经常见到这样的美景不容易了．It's not easy for us to see such beautiful views as often as before．
【解答】答案：It's not easy for us to see such beautiful views as often as before 首先根据中文判断出此句应用一般现在时去表达，并很容易联想到句型it is+adj for sb to do sth，这里是否定，在is 后加上not，"像以前那样"经常用as…as结构，as often as before，这样的美景用such beautiful views，故答案是It's not easy for us to see such beautiful views as often as before．
31．（2012•扬州）句子翻译
将下列句子译成英语，并将所译句子写在答题卡上标有题号的横线上．
76．多吃水果对我们的健康有益．Eating more fruit is good for our health
77．在周末我宁愿看书也不看电视．I would rather read books than watch TV at weekends 78．这个火车站从2008年起就投入使用了．This train station has been in use since 2008．79．他非常聪明，很快就算出了这道数学题．He was so clever that he worked out the maths problem quickly．
80．无论你去哪儿，我都愿意与你同行．Wherever you go，I‘d like to go with you．．【解答】76答案：Eating more fruit is good for our health；表达的是客观事实用一般现在时，be good for对…有益，动名词短语Eating more fruit作为主语，谓语动词用单数，故is，our health我们的健康，故答案是Eating more fruit is good for our health；
77答案：I would rather read books than watch TV at weekends．表达的是经常性的动作用一般现在时，宁愿…不愿…用would rather do sth than do sth，read books．
看书，watch TV看电视，在周末at weekends，故答案是I would rather read books than watch TV at weekends．
78答案：This train station has been in use since 2008．结合句意可知投入使用be in use发生在过去，持续了一段时间，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语火车站This train station三单，故has，be的过去分词been，since 2008自从2008年，故答案是This train station has been in use since 2008．
79答案：He was so clever that he worked out the maths problem quickly．表达的是过去的事情用一般过去时，表示如此…以至于用so/such…that，主语he，故was，cleaver形容词聪明的，故用so修饰，work out算出，the maths problem这道数学题，副词快速的quickly 修饰work out，故答案是He was so clever that he worked out the maths problem quickly．
80答案：Wherever you go，I‘d like to go with you．结合句意这里用wherever引导的让步状语从句，表示"无论哪里"，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主语you，故go．愿意做某事would like to do sth，go with sb与某人一起，故答案是Wherever you go，I‘d like to go with you．
32．（2011•扬州）谢谢你把字典借给我．Thanks for lending me the dictionary．【解答】答案：Thanks for lending me the dictionary；thanks for，为…谢；for是介词，后面用动名词形式；借出，lend；故填Thanks for lending me the dictionary．33．（2011•扬州）爸爸的建议对我来说很有价值．Father's suggestions are great valuable for/to me．
【解答】答案：Father's suggestions are great valuable for/to me．此句运用了主系表结构，father的名词所有格形式是father's，suggestion译为建议，是可数名词，此处应用复数形式，be valuable for/to sb译为对某人来说是有价值的，主谓一致谓语用复数形式are，故答案为：Father's suggestions are great valuable for/to me．
34．（2011•扬州）你知道这个火车站是什么时候建成的吗？Do you know when the Railway Station set up？．
【解答】答案：Do you know when the Railway Station set up？这是一个一般疑问句，也是一个主从复合句，when引导的宾语从句作动词know的宾语；set up建造，建立，故答案为：Do you know when the Railway Station set up？
35．（2011•扬州）直到他说话，我才发现他是扬州人．I didn't know he was from Yangzhou，until he said a word．
【解答】答案：该题考查固定短语not …until；根据句意"直到他说话，我才…"可知该句应用固定短语not …until表达；说话，speak/say a word；发现，find/konw；know的后面跟宾语从句；该句描述的是过去发生的事，用一般过去时态；故填：I didn't know he was from Yangzhou，until he said a word．
36．（2011•扬州）政府已经采取措施禁止酒后开车了．The government has already taken actions to stop people from driving after drinking．．
【解答】答案：The government has already taken actions to stop people from driving after drinking．根据已经，可知这个句子应该用现在完成时，现在完成时的结构是have/has+动词过去分词，在这里采取措施一般翻译成take actions，禁止酒后开车一般翻译成stop people from driving after drinking；stop sb from doing阻止某人做某事；The government 是
单数，后面应该用has．采取措施做某事翻译成taken actions to do sth，to引导的不定式作目的状语．故答案为：The government has already taken actions to stop people from driving after drinking．
37．（2010•扬州）为什么不和我们一起去钓鱼呢？Why not/Why don't you go fishing with us？．
【解答】答案：Why not/Why don't you go fishing with us？
根据汉语意思"为什么不和我们一起去钓鱼呢？"可知是一种提出建议的句型表示"为什么不…"可用why not/why don't you 后接动词原形，又知去钓鱼的英文表达为"go fishing""
和我们"的英文表达为"with us"在句中作伴随状语，故译为Why not/Why don't you go fishing with us？
38．（2010•扬州）语文老师经常鼓励我多读点书．The Chinese teacher often encourages me to do more reading/read more books．
【解答】答案：The Chinese teacher often encourages me to do more reading/read more books．根据汉语意思可知鼓励某人干某事可知用encourage sb to do sth，"读书"的英文表达为"do some reading""多读点书"的英文表达为"do more reading/read more books"，根据"经常"的英文表达为often，位于谓语动词前，表示经常性习惯性的动作，可用一般现在时，主语"
语文老师"是特指可译为"The Chinese teacher"，是第三人称单数，在一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，encourage的第三人称单数为encourages，故本句可译为The Chinese teacher often encourages me to do more reading/read more books．39．（2010•扬州）昨天这个时候他正在弹钢琴．He was playing the piano at this time yesterday．．
【解答】答案：He was playing the piano at this time yesterday．
根据汉语意思"昨天这个时候他正在弹钢琴"结合语境可知描述的是在过去某个时间正在进行和发生的动作，所以用过去进行时，其结构为主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其它，又知弹钢琴的英文表达为"play the piano""昨天这个时候"的英文表达为"at this time yesterday"根据主语是他"he"，为第三人称单数，故用was，套用结构可知，该句可译为He was playing the piano at this time yesterday．
40．（2010•扬州）对于年轻人来说学会团队精神很重要．It is very important for the young people to learn team spirit．．
【解答】答案：It is very important for the young people to learn team spirit．
根据汉语意思"对于年轻人来说学会团队精神很重要"可知句子表达"对某人来说做某事怎么样，"故用句型"It's+形容词+for sb+to do sth"，it作形式主语；又知年轻人的英文表达为the young people，重要的英文表达为important，学会团队精神的英文表达为learn team spirit．套用结构该句可译为It is very important for the young people to learn team spirit．41．（2010•扬州）如果明天下雨，我们就在家做作业．If it rains tomorrow，we will do our homework at home．．
【解答】答案：If it rains tomorrow，we will do our homework at home．
根据汉语意思可知该句是含有条件状语从句的复合句，结合句中提到的时间是"明天"tomorrow，可知主句是一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形，由if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，根据it作主语来表示天气，下雨的英文表达为"rain"在一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，rain的第三人称单数为rains，做作业的英文表达为do one's homework，根据主句中的主语是we"我们"，one's 用相应的物主代词our，故译为If it rains tomorrow，we will do our homework at home。