考研英语(一)-55_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

考研英语(一)-55
(总分70, 做题时间90分钟)
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.
In the United States, the first day-nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the 1 half of the 19th century; most of 2 were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day nursery movement received great 3 during the First World War, when 4 of manpower caused the industrial employment unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established 5 in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship. 6 the number of nurseries in the U. S. also rose 7 ,
this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, 8 , Federal, State, and
local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 9 the day-nurseries, chiefly by 10 them and by inspecting and
regulating the conditions within the nurseries.
The 11 of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day-nurseries in almost all countries, as women were 12 called upon to replace men in the factories. On this 13 the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, 14 $ 6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and **munities 15 this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than
100,000 children were being cared 16 in day-care centers receiving Federal 17 . Soon afterward, the Federal government 18 cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later 19 them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 20 at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
1.
A latter
B late
C other
D first
分值: 0.5
答案:A
[解析] 上下文语义+词汇辨析
[解析] 从第一句话中知道第一家日托幼稚园于1854年成立，而各地的幼稚园
在此后相继建起，故排除D。

latter是late比较级的变体，来自古英语，指在顺序上较后。

later为late的比较级，指在时间上较迟。

the later part of the 19th cent 了指19世纪晚些时期，而the latter part of the 19th century则指19世纪的后半世纪。

由此分析可知，本题的答案为A。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
2.
A those
B them
C whose
D whom
分值: 0.5
答案:B
[解析] 代词及关系代词的用法
[解析] 该句前用分号与前句隔开，表明其应是独立的句子，而非作为上句的从句。

故只有B合适。

若用those，则应引导一个定语从句。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
3.
A impetus
B input
C imitation
D initiative
分值: 0.5
答案:A
[解析] 上下文语义关系+名词词义辨析
[解析] 该句意为：在一战期间欧美的幼稚园的发展受到了极大的推动。

A项代入后符合句意，使整个句子连贯且具有正确意义，故本题的答案是A。

其他三项不合句意。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
4.
A sources
B abundance
C shortage
D reduction
分值: 0.5
答案:C
[解析] 上下文语义关系+名词词义辨析
[解析] shortage是“缺乏，不足的数量，缺陷，短缺”，而reduetion是“减少，降低”的意思。

此句意为“因为劳动力的______使得工厂雇用了数量空前的女性”，四个选项中只有C项代入后符合逻辑，故C为正确答案。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
5.
A hardly
B entirely
C only
D even
分值: 0.5
答案:D
[解析] 副词词义辨析
[解析] 此句意为“在某些欧洲国家______在军火工厂里也建立幼稚园”，四个选项代入后只有D项符合句意，其余选项均不够贴切。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
6.
A Because
B As
C Since
D Although
分值: 0.5
答案:D
[解析] 连词的用法
[解析] 结合上下文可知空格处缺少一个表示转折的连词，A、B、C三项均无此意。

此句意为“尽管美国的幼稚园的数量也急剧增长，但它们完全没有受到政府任何形式的资助”。

故本题的答案是D项。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
7.
A unanimously
B sharply
C predominantly
D militantly
分值: 0.5
答案:B
[解析] 副词词义辨析
[解析] 空格前的词是rose，所在句的意思是“美国幼稚园的数量也______增长”，所填副词是用来修饰rise(增长)的，四个选项中只有B项符合句意，表示“急剧增长”。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
8.
A therefore
B consequently
C however
D moreover
分值: 0.5
答案:C
[解析] 连词的用法
[解析] 结合上下文可知此处应填一表示转折的词。

本句意为“但是，在一战结束后的数年中，联邦政府、各州和当地政府逐渐着手实行控制日托所的政策”。

故however为正确答案。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
9.
A over
B in
C at
D about
分值: 0.5
答案:A
[解析] 固定搭配
[解析] control over为习惯搭配，表示“对……有控制，抑制”。

over亦可换成of。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
10.
A formulating
B labeling
C patenting
D licensing
分值: 0.5
答案:D
[解析] 上下文语义关系+动词词义辨析
[解析] 从上下文意思来推断，此处应指“……主要是给日托所颁发执照并检查和规范其内部条件”，license“特准，核发执照”，故D正确。

其他三项均不符合句意。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
11.
A outset
B outbreak
C breakthrough
D breakdown
分值: 0.5
答案:B
[解析] 名词词义辨析
[解析] 空格后面出现的是the Second World War(第二次世界大战)，这里指的是二战的爆发。

指“战争的爆发”用outbreak。

所以本题的答案是B项。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
12.
A again
B thus
C repeatedly
D yet
分值: 0.5
答案:A
[解析] 上下文语义关系+副词辨析
[解析] 第4空格处的句意指出“第一次世界大战期间，由于劳动力的短缺使工厂雇用了数量空前的妇女。

”而第二次世界大战的爆发又一次使得妇女取代工厂的男劳动力。

atgain表示“再一次、又一次”，故本题的答案是A项。

SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
13.
A. circumstance
B. occasion
C. case
D. situation
A B C D
分值: 0.5
答案:B
[解析] 习惯搭配
[解析] on this occasion为习惯搭配，意为“在这个时机，此时”；circumstance“环境，情势”，通常与in或undei，连用。

case与in连用，in this case表示“若是这样的话”；situafion“状况，事态，情势”，亦与in连用。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
14.
A regulating
B summoning
C allocating
D transferring
分值: 0.5
答案:C
[解析] 动词词义辨析
[解析] 本句意为“美国政府……在1942年7月______600万美元以支持日托所计划”。

拨出钱款常常用allocate，四个选项中也只有C项代入后符合文意。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
15.
A expanded
B facilitated
C supplemented
D compensated
分值: 0.5
答案:C
[解析] 逻辑关系+动词词义辨析
[解析] 该句意为“许多州和地方社区纷纷出资——联邦政府的资助”，空格前是“许多州和地方社区”，空格后是“联邦政府的资助”，四个选项中，能使空格前后关联起来后语意正确的只有C项，该句意为“许多州和地方社区纷纷出资补充联邦政府的资助”，C为正确答案。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
16.
A by
B after
C of
D for
分值: 0.5
答案:D
[解析] 固定搭配
[解析] eare for是固定搭配，意为“照顾，养活”。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
17.
A pensions
B subsidies
C revenues
D budgets
分值: 0.5
答案:B
[解析] 近义词辨析
[解析] 空格所在句讲的是孩子们在日托中心受到良好的照顾，日托中心接收来自于联邦政府的补助金，联邦政府给日托中心的不是“养老金”，更不是“收入”、“预算”，给的只能是“补助金”，四个选项中只有B项符合句意。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
18.
A prevalently
B furiously
C statistically
D drastically
分值: 0.5
答案:D
[解析] 副词词义辨析
[解析] 本句指出“此后不久，联邦政府大幅削减这项开支，后来则完全取消了”。

所填副词是要修饰cut down(削减)的，四个选项中只有D项符合句意。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
19.
A abolished
B diminished
C jeopardized
D precluded
分值: 0.5
答案:A
[解析] 上下文语义关系+动词词义辨析
[解析] 由18题可知，联邦政府后来把这项开支完全取消了。

A项abolish含有“取消”这层意思，B项则是“减少”意思，并非消失，C、D两项明显不合句意，故本题的正确答案是A。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
20.
A nurseries
B homes
C jobs
D children
分值: 0.5
答案:C
[解析] 语意逻辑关系
[解析] 此句开头有however一词，表明尽管政府在战后缩减甚至取消用于建立托儿所的开支，但是预计的大多数职业母亲会在战后离开她们的工作岗位的情况并未出现，而只有少部分人放弃了工作，故选C。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1
Nobody ever went into academia to make a fast buck. Professors, especially those in medical-and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory tower, as university administrators wake up to **mercial potential of academic research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues.
The profits are impressive: the Association of University Technology Managers surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a
combined $ 576 million from patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically. Schools like Columbia
University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to corporations, particularly pharmaceutical and high-**panies.
Now Columbia is going retail on the Web. It plans to go beyond the typical "dot. edu" model, free sites listing courses and professors" research interests. Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will be spun off as an **pany. The site will provide free access to educational and research content, say administrators, as well as advanced features that are already available to Columbia students, such as a simulation of the construction and architecture of a French cathedral and interactive
3-D models of organic chemicals. Free pages will feel into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and seminars, and related books and tapes. Columbia executive vice provost Michael Crow imagines "millions of visitors" to the new site, including retirees and students willing to pay to tap into this educational resource. "We can offer the best of what"s thought and written and researched," says Ann Kirschner, who heads the project. Columbia also is anxious not be aced out by some of the other for-profit "knowledge sites," such as About. com and Hungry Minds. " If they capture this space," says Crow, "they"ll begin to cherry-pick our best faculty. "
Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the researcher, the department and the university, and Web profits would work the same way, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who doesn"t? Will universities provide more support to researchers working in
profitable fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?
"If there"s the perception that we might be making money from our efforts, the authority of the university could be diminished," worries Herve Varenne, a cultural anthropology professor at Columbia"s education school. Says Kirschner: "We would **promise the integrity of the university. "Whether the new site can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is clear. It"s going to take the best minds on campus to find a new balance between profit and purity.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
1.
In the past, if you want to make fast money, you should work
in______.
A academia
B ivory tower
C company
D medical field
分值: 2
答案:C
[解析] 事实细节题
[解析] 文中第一段提到，过去人们要挣大钱就不会去学术界，因为他们的收入只是在企业工作的同行的一小部分。

所以，要赚钱就去公司。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
2.
The word "aggressively" ( Line 4, Paragraph 2 ) most probably
means______.
A harmfully
B carelessly
C desperately
D boldly
分值: 2
答案:D
[解析] 词义猜测题
[解析] 文中第二段讲到，现在学校的收人可观，而且具有很强的增长势头。

一些学校已大胆地把发明卖给了公司。

因为这种做法还没有成为一种潮流，所以是大胆的，故D项是正确答案。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
3.
According to the text, the traditional feature of the Web of Columbia is______.
A offering free access to the advanced features that are available to Columbia"s students
B free page will feed into profit-producing page
C providing the expertise of the teachers on the profit site
D offering free sites listing courses and professors" research interests
分值: 2
答案:D
[解析] 事实细节题
[解析] 文章第三段讲到，哥伦比亚大学正在通过互联网进行零售。

它计划超越典型的网站免费列出课程和教授们研究兴趣的“dot．edu”模式，这说明传统的特征是D选项。

其他都是网站的新计划。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
4.
Besides the delight of most people for the profit, some______.
A worry that the professors are not reliable
B think this tendency may be terrible
C hope the university to give more support to researchers who work for profit
D show mercy to the scholars toiling in the musty area
分值: 2
答案:B
[解析] 事实细节题
[解析] 文章第四段提到，好多人对这种利润很满意，另外一些人则对这种趋势深感忧虑。

他们担忧的是，一位从自己研究中获利的教授和不从研究中获益的教授是否同样可信呢?大学会为从事可赢利领域的研究者提供比从事冷门研究者更多支持吗?所以B选项正确。

其他都是对忧虑的错误理解。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
5.
The author uses the words of the professor Herve Varenne and Kirschner to show______.
A if the faculties all try to make money the university will have no authority
B the new site may not add to the growing profits
C there exist some problems behind the profit
D new balance between profit and purity will be the best opinion
分值: 2
答案:C
[解析] 事实细节题
[解析] 文中第五段提到两个人的话，“如果我们存在可以通过努力挣钱从中牟利的这种观念的话，大学的权威性可能会降低，”和“我们在大学的廉正方面永远不会妥协”。

引用这两个人的话是为了表明大学在为赚到钱而兴奋的同时，背后也存在着问题——威信和清廉。

Text 2
That rapscallion who leaps off the monkey bars, landing smack onto an innocent 3-year-old bystander, and skips off, giggling all the while? According to a new paper out of Israel, he may not feel all that bad about the incident. The study, conducted by Dr. In bal Kivenson Bar-On at the University of Haifa, shows that high levels of fearlessness in 3-and 4-year-olds is strongly associated with aggression and a lack of sympathy. This news will likely surprise risk-loving America, where parents typically beam with pride when their undaunted child mounts the big slide.
Fearlessness is a far-end point on the spectrum of what psychologists call the "approach and withdrawal dimension"—people"s tendency to approach new stimuli (to gain information and acquire new skills ) and withdraw from unfamiliar stimuli (to avoid danger). Striking the right balance is considered crucial to man"s survival. But what about
preschoolers"? There"s a clear downside, Dr. Kivenson Bar-On discovered, after she observed lots of preschool play and machinations. In total, she documented 80 children at preschool, home and in the lab, measuring their propensity for fearlessness and other social and emotional characteristics at the beginning and end of one year. Fearlessness was measured by observing reactions to various fright-inducing situations: separation from parents, the roar of a vacuum cleaner, a jack-in-the-box and the like. Those who displayed greater levels of fearlessness, the study found, had no trouble recognizing facial expressions of anger, surprise, happiness and sadness in other children—but they had a hard time identifying fear. Over all, they were "emotionally shallow" and showed lower levels of sympathy. They took advantage of friends and lacked regret over inappropriate conduct. "These findings," the paper explains, "
suggest that fearlessness in preschool constitutes a clear risk
factor for developmental pathways that lead to problems in morality, conscience development, and severe antisocial behaviors. " At the same time, fearless children tended to be highly sociable. "One of
the most interesting findings was that we could discriminate between friendliness and sympathy," Dr. Kivenson Bar-On said. "These kids are curious, easygoing and friendly, but they have a hard time
recognizing emotional distress in others. "
Jamie Ostrov, a psychology professor at the State University at Buffalo who studies aggression, says that children at the extreme end of the fearless spectrurn "may be charming, but they"re also highly manipulative and deceptive and skilled at getting their way—even at age 3 or 4. " It could be that fearless children need stronger
distress cues to active their autonomic nervous systems, limiting
their ability to detect distress cues in others. It seems to be, if I"m not worried about this, you can"t be, either. But should we be?
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
1.
The example of the first paragraph is to______.
A quote the research that the children of high levels of fearlessness are lack of empathy
B illustrate the children strongly associated with aggression
and a lack of sympathy exist
C criticize children in reckless behavior and moral deficiency
D emphasize the necessity of the research
分值: 2
答案:A
[解析] 推理判断题
[解析] 由题干即可定位至第一段。

在首句讲述了一个“小流氓”的恶行后，然
后第二句讲“根据以色列的一篇文章，他不会觉得这是多么恶劣的一件事”，说明了该事例是为了引出研究，故A选项正确，而且文中后面也重点在讲述该研究，也印证了A选项。

B选项逻辑上没有错误，但只是简单事例总结，没能说明事例存在的原因。

C选项以偏概全。

D项文中未提及，没有证据可以表明这个研究是非进行不可。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
2.
As for the result of the research, American parents may be______?
A approving
B welcome
C a little unhappy
D indifferent
分值: 2
答案:C
[解析] 事实判断题
[解析] 文中提到美国的只有第一段末，可知答案必出于此。

文中说，这个新闻会让热殛冒险的美国人惊讶，那里的父母的孩子百折不挠地爬上一个大滑梯的时候，他们会非常高兴和骄傲。

孩子百折不挠爬上大滑梯，可以对应研究中提到的无畏；而根据研究，无畏的孩子往往是“aggresson and a lack of sympathy”，这是负面评语，自然会让美国父母感到不愉快，故c正确。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
3.
According to the second paragraph, we may know______.
A fearless children are easy to live
B fearless children"s character downside
C fearless children are not sensitive to fear
D fear children are hard to distinguish different kinds of look
分值: 2
答案:C
[解析] 事实判断题
[解析] 选项A过度推断，第二段三句提到“(在进取和躲避)求取适当的平衡对人类的生存是至关重要的”，说明两者不可偏颇，故A错误。

根据第二段三、四、五这三句间的顺承关系，可知，适当的平衡是孩子品性中的另一方面，B 偷换概念。

第二段最后一句说，分辨出恐惧对于他们(无畏的孩子)是困难的。

C 选项是该句的同义转述。

D项过度推断，文中说无畏的孩子更易分辨各种表隋，并不代表胆小的孩子难以分辨，可能只是无畏的孩子分辨能力稍强些而已。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
4.
According to Dr. Kivenson Bar-On, fearless children______.
A have no sympathy
B will have anti-social tendency
C get well along with others
D are foxy
分值: 2
答案:C
[解析] 事实细节题
[解析] Dr．Kivenson Bar-On出现在第二、三段，其中第三段末句提到“这些孩子非常好奇，随和并且友好，但是他们也很难认识到他人的情绪困扰。

”说明C选项是正确的。

第三段首句提到无畏的孩子呈现较低水平的同情心，不是说没有同情心，所以A错误。

B选项没有根据。

文中虽然在第三段首句提到无
畏的孩子利用朋友，第四段也说到具有欺骗性，但若说诡计多端，则过于牵强附会，故D错误。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
5.
The fearless children are not easy to perceive others" sad mood because______.
A they"re more aggressive and deceptive
B they are more lack of sympathy
C they themselves are difficult to have the sad mood
D they are not good at watching others
分值: 2
答案:C
[解析] 事实细节题
[解析] 题目是最后一段中“limiting their ability to detect distress cues in others”的替换，可定位至此。

在该分句之前，文中提及无畏的孩子需要更强的悲伤暗示，说明是因为他们自身比较难于悲伤，所以才不易察觉别的孩子的悲伤，故C选项正确。

该段最后一句的反问也说明了这一点。

A、B、D 选项虽在文中多次提及，但均属答非所问。

Text 3
Back in the 1870s, Charles Darwin"s cousin Francis Galeton wanted to define the face of a criminal. He assembled photographs of men convicted of heinous crimes and made a composite by lining them up on a single photographic plate. The surprise: everybody liked the villain, including Galton himself. He reasoned that the villainous irregularities he supposed belonged to criminal faces had disappeared in the averaging process. In the next century, scientists began to show reliably that **bined digitally on computers were likable—more so than the individual faces from which they **posed. Although people clearly admire the long legs of Brazilian model Ana Hickmann or Dolly Parton"s breasts, in general humans like averages.
Researchers confirmed that humans judge real faces by their differences or similarities from a norm. But they also found that the
norm can change quickly: When researchers showed 164 people sets of 100 computer-generated faces representing a slow transition from male to female—and from Japanese to Caucasian—it turned out that the
test subjects" idea of what constitute an "average" face shifted depending on the first face they saw. When they were flashed a super masculine face first, more faces on the spectrum impressed them, by contrast, as female. The masculine face had, in effect, set a standard. From then on, other faces had to be more masculine in order to rate as belonging to the gender. The study noted a similar shift using a scale of faces moving from surprise to disgust.
The authors, who published their results in the journal Nature, conclude that in real life we also quickly change ore" perception of the midpoint—what"s normal—depending on what we see. We may not be aware that our judgment has changed; we simply see differently, says Michael Webster, a psychologist at the University of Nevada in Reno and coauthor of the study.
One implication is that individual and social attitudes toward what"s acceptable, and what"s beautiful, change over time. "If you look at plastic-surgery trends, in the 1950s and 1960s you saw little upturned noses," notes Harvard psychologist Nancy Etcoff, author of the book Survival of the Prettiest : The Science of Beauty. "Now the noses are broader and the lips are plumper. We"re seeing images from around the globe, and it"s changing our idea of the average. " So if you"re unhappy with some aspect of your face, **fort: beauty is a moving target.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
1.
Francis Gahon"s test shows that______.
A people prefer average faces to those with conspicuous features
B sometimes evil persons have more attractive appearance
C it is hard to distinguish between criminals and ordinary people
D the result of trying to read faces is a shock to average people
分值: 2
答案:A
[解析] 推理判断题
[解析] 首段第四句指出高尔顿的研究结果表明：应属于罪犯面孔的那些反常的邪恶特征已在这种平均化的过程中消失了。

结合首段末句“总的来说人们还是喜欢具有平均标准相貌的人”可以推断出与具有明显特征的面孔相比，人们对平均化的面孔更感兴趣，故A为答案。

首段第三句指出大家都喜欢具有合成面孔的恶棍。

但这并不是说邪恶的人具有出众的相貌，排除B项。

首段解释人们
喜欢那张合成面孔的原因：邪恶特征消失了。

这与C项内容无关，排除。

第三句中出现了surprise，这与shock程度不同，排除D项。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
2.
By mentioning the experiment in the second paragraph, the author implies that______.
A our definition of what"s normal varies with gender
B our focus of attention varies with gender and age
C our definition of what"s average changes over time
D our focus of attention is distracted when interfered
分值: 2
答案:C
[解析] 推理判断题
[解析] 第二段首句是对首段的总结，起到承上启下的过渡作用。

接下来第二句提出一个新观点：标准可以迅速地改变。

然后以一个面孔展示试验为例来证明此观点，这是英文典型的行文脉络：提出观点，进行沦述。

C项与该段观点内容一致，故为答案。

本段主旨与性别无关，排除A项和B项。

这里没有提到关注点在受到干扰的情况下如何发生变化，排除D项。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
3.
If researchers want the subjects to regard more faces as male, they should present______.
A a more masculine face first
B a more feminine face first
C a less masculine face first
D a less feminine face first
分值: 2
答案:B
[解析] 推理判断题
[解析] 第二段第四句解释了实验结果：如果首先在他面前闪现的是一张极富阳刚气的面孔，那么对比之下，这组面孔中就会有更多的面孔让他们觉得是女子的脸。

由此可以推断，如果想让人们认为更多的面孔是男人的脸，则首先应该让人们看一张极富女人味的脸，故B为答案。

A项的结果是让人们觉得更多的面孔是女人的脸，排除。

这里没有涉及首先让人们看到男人阳刚气不足和女人味不足的脸会有什么样的结果，排除C项和D项。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
4.
The word "perception" in the third paragraph probably means______.
A observation
B standard
C performance
D understanding
分值: 2
答案:D
[解析] 语义理解题
[解析] 第三段首句给出了研究结论：我们在实际生活中也依自己所看到的迅速改变着我们对于中点“标准的事物”的perception。

第二句中出现了．judgment和see differently，从上下文语义关系可以看出，这与：perception属于语义场同现，意思相近，因此可以判断perception为“看
法，理解”之意。

故D为答案。

首句中提到了what we see，observation与此同义，属于重复，不符合语义关系，排除A项。

同理，standard与what"s normal为同义替换，排除B项。

of后面的宾语为midpoint，pmformance放在句中，语义不通，排除C项。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
5.
We can infer from the last paragraph that______.
A upturned noses will soon be considered beautiful
B defects in facial features may someday be appealing
C plastic-surgery is a well-developed industry
D people should be confident of their appearance
分值: 2
答案:B
[解析] 推理判断题
[解析] 该段末句指出：因此，如果你对自己脸部的某个部分感到不满意，不要为此忧虑，因为美的标准随时都在改变。

通过段中提到的20世纪50年代和60年代流行的“稍稍上翘的鼻子”和现在的“宽鼻子”可以推断出B项内容。

“上翘的鼻子”是20世纪五六十年代的审美标准，排除A项。

末段第二句提到“整形手术”，但并未就其发展状况进行评论，排除C项。

这里只是告诉人们不必为自己面貌的缺陷而担心，并未鼓励人们对自己的长相自信，D项为过度
推断，排除。

Text 4
Social-networking sites offer users easy ways to present idealized images of themselves, even if those ideals don"t always square with their real-world personalities. Psychology researcher Soraya Mehdizadeh has discovered a way to poke through the offline-online curtain: she has used Faeebook to predict a person"s level of narcissism and self-esteem.
Mehdizadeh, who conducted the study as an undergraduate at Toronto"s York University, gained access to the Faeebook accounts of 100 college students and measured activities like photo sharing, wall postings and status updates; she also studied how frequently users logged on and how often they remained online during each session. Her findings were published recently in Cyberpsyehology, Behavior and Social Networking.
After measuring each subject using the Narcissism Personality Inventory and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Mehdizadeh, who graduated from York this past spring, discovered narcissists and people with lower self-esteem were more likely to spend more than an hour a day on Facebook and were more prone to post self-promo-tional photos
( striking a pose or using Photoshop, for example). Narcissists were also more likely to showcase themselves through status updates (using phrases like "I"m so glamorous I bleed glitter") and wall activity (posting self-serving links like " My Celebrity Look-alikes" ).
Self-esteem and narcissism are often interrelated but don"t always go hand in hand. Some psychologists believe that narcissists--those who have a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, a need for admiration, as well as a lack of sympathy--unconsciously inflate their sense of
self-importance as a defense against feeling inadequate. Not enough empirical research has been produced to confirm that link, although Mehdizadeh"s study seems to support it. Because narcissists have less capacity to sustain intimate or long-term relationships, Mehdizadeh thinks that they would be more drawn to the online world of virtual friends and emotionally **munication.
Although it seems that Facebook can be used by narcissists to fuel their inflated egos, Mehdizadeh stops short of proclaiming that excessive time spent on Faeebook can turn regular users into narcissists. She also notes that social-networking sites might ultimately be found to have positive effects when used by people with low self-esteem or depression. "If individuals with lower self-esteem are more prone to using Facebook," she says, "the question becomes, " Can Facebook help raise self- esteem by allowing patients to talk to each other and help each other in a socially interactive environment?" I don"t think it"s necessarily a bad thing that people with low self-esteem use Facebook. "
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
1.
Facebook"s users______?
A like to hide themselves
B maybe show the characters that are different from the real ones
C (are more likely to) upload the modified photos
D are often used as the research
分值: 2
答案:B
[解析] 事实判断题
[解析] 文章首段提到，社交网站可以让用户呈现自己理想的一面，尽管这些理想品质不一定与他们真实的自己符合；脸谱作为一个社交网站，自然同样也具
有这些特性，故B选项正确。

后续的麦迪扎德的研究也证明了这一点。

A选项
以偏概全，虽然这些用户表现了与真实自己不符的一面，可也并非是喜欢隐藏自己。

C选项偷换概念，文中第二段提及的是自卑与自恋者更可能这样做。

D选项过度推断。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
2.
which of the following is used for predicting a person"s level of narcissism and self-esteem?
A Activities the subjects take apart in
B Frequency of the experimental object
C Frequency of the experimental object"s renewing photos
D The contents of the log of the experimental object
分值: 2
答案:B
[解析] 事实细节题
[解析] 文中第一段末句提到，麦迪扎德预测一个人自恋和自负的程度通过poke through the offline-online curtain，第二段又具体提到麦迪扎德通过记录上传照片、修改签名、状态更新、登录频率、以及每次登录后的在线时长等相关信息判别实验对象是否自卑或自恋，可知B选项为正确选项，A、C、D
对这些进行了偷梁换柱。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
3.
Narcissists may______.
A be online for a long time
B only upload the photos of their own
C own the strong sympathy
D be self-serving
分值: 2
答案:A
[解析] 事实判断题
[解析] 第三段讲述的是自恋者和自卑者在脸谱上的一些共有行为特征，所以可以从本段找到答案。

其中A选项是原文中“pend more than an hour a day on Facebook”的同义替换，是正确选项。

B选项曲解文意，原文中“self-promotional”的照片和自己喜欢的照片不等同。

C和D文中没有体现。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
4.
According to the views of psychologists (Para 4, line 2), narcissists would______.
A make themselves feel adequate
B show their differences
C obtain the respect of others
D defense against feeling insufficient
分值: 2
答案:A
[解析] 事实细节题
[解析] 由题干可以定位到第四段二行，原文中说明自恋者的自我膨胀感是为了“defense against feeling inadequate”，A选项是其同义替换。

本题重点
是对inadequate的理解，inadequate没有自信的意思，故D选项不正确。

B选项在文中未提及。

第四段二行提到了“a need fbr admiration”，是膨胀自我重要感的一个目的，但并非全部，只有A选项概括全面。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
5.
Mehdizadeh may think that______.
A Facebook will make people abnormal
B people with low self-esteem could increase their confidence by Facebook
C Facebook is socially interactive environment
D narcissists with lower self-esteem don"t like to communicate mood
分值: 2
答案:C
[解析] 推理判断题
[解析] 末段三句提到，‘can ntcebook help raise self-esteem by allowing patio nets to talk to each 12thm’and help each other in a socially interactive environment?’，可知Facebook是一个socially interactive environment，C选项是正确选项，结合全文来看，在Facebook
中也可以与virtual friends互动，也证明了这一点。

而同样由末段三句，可知Facebook是否能提高people with low self-esteem的信心尚属不确定，故B错误。

A选项属反向干扰，末段首句提到长时间呆在Facebook上不会把正常人变自恋。

D选项曲解原文，文中第四段末句提到在网络中不需要太多情感的
交流，不代表白恋者不喜欢情绪的交流。

Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to
fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Seismologist David Oppenheimer of" the U. S. Geological Survey Earthquakes Hazards Team explains (as told to Katherine Harmon) : Traditional geothermal drilling bores into hot rock such as sandstone that has water or steam trapped in its pore spaces and natural fractures. When a drilled hole intersects these fractures, the water flashes into steam because of the sudden drop in pressure-like。