人教版英语八上U5词汇讲解

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八上Unit 5
1. sitcom (= situation comedy) n. 情景喜剧(可数)
(1) situation n. 情况;形势(可数)
find sb. in a … situation 发现某人处于一个…的情况中
辨析:situation和condition
condition n. 条件;状况
(2) comedy n. 喜剧,喜剧片(可数)复数:comedies
2. news n. 新闻节目;新闻(不可数)
(1) 短语:a piece of news 一则新闻
(2) 扩展:newspaper n. 报纸(可数)
3. soap opera 肥皂剧(可数)
(1) soap n. 肥皂(可数) a bar of soap 一条/块肥皂
(2) opera n. 歌剧;戏剧(可数)Peking Opera 京剧
4. action movie 动作影片(可数)
(1) action n. 行动(不可数)take action 采取行动
词性转换:act v. 扮演;行动;行为n. 表演者act as 担任,担当actor n. 演员
actress n. 女演员
active adj. 活跃的,积极的take an active part in 积极参加
actively adv. 活跃地,积极地
activity n. 活动(复数:activities)
相同变形规则的单词:create v. 创造
creator n. 创造者
creative adj. 创造性的;有创造力的
creatively adv. 创造性地;有创造力地
creativity n. 创造力;独创性
(2) movie n. 电影(可数)
短语:see/ go to a movie 看电影
movie theater 电影院
5. cartoon n. 动画片;卡通片(可数)
(1) 短语:cartoon character 动画片人物
(2) 辨析:cartoon和cotton
cotton n. 棉花
6. film n. 电影;胶卷(可数)(= movie)
(1) 短语:see/watch a film 看电影
film festival 电影节
7. mind (U2已讲)
(1) v. 介意;对(某事)烦恼
用法:mind + n./v.-ing/从句
句型:Would you mind (sb.) doing sth.? 你介意(某人)做某事吗?
(2) n. 头脑;心智(不可数)
短语:mind map 思维导图
change one’s mind 改变主意
open one’s mind 开拓思维open-minded 思维开阔的
ke ep…in mind 牢记
in one’s mind 在某人看来
mind one’s own business 少管闲事
never mind 别在意,没关系(安慰别人或别人致歉时)
make up one’s mind to do sth. 决定做某事
8. stand
(1) v. 忍受(stand-stood-stood)
用法:stand + n./v.-ing 忍受做某事(常用于否定句、疑问句,强调不喜欢)(2) v. 站立
短语:stand up 起立
stand for 代表= mean
stand out 突出(outstanding adj. 杰出的)
stand by 做好准备;袖手旁观
stand still 站着不动
9. educational adj. 教育的;有教育意义的
(1) an education + n.
比较级:more educational 最高级:most educational
(2) educationally adv. 教育上地
(3) 词性转换:educate v. 教育educate sb. to do sth. 教育某人做某事
education n. 教育
educated adj. 受过教育的;有教养的
educator n. 教育家;教育工作者;教师
educationist n. 教育家;教育理论家
(4) 名词+al构成adj.
nature—natural person—personal education—educational tradition—traditional nation—national
center—central
environment—environmental
accident—accidental
music—musical
classic—classical
culture—cultural
profession—professional
10. plan n./v. 计划;打算
(1) 过去式:planned 现在分词:planning
(2) 用法:plan + to do = mean to do = be going to do = be about to do = intend to do 打算做某事
plan for sth. 为…制定计划
make a plan to do = plan to do
make a daily/weekly/monthly/yearly plan
11. hope n./v. 希望
(1) 用法:hope to do
hope for sth.
hope that + 句子
hope 与wish、expect的辨析:hope后面不能加sb.,wish和expect可以加;
hope表示容易实现的愿望,wish表示不容易实现的愿望。

(2) 短语:in the hope of/that…怀着…的希望
beyond hope 没希望的
Project Hope 希望工程
(3) 词性转换:hopeful adj. 有希望的
hopeless adj. 没有希望的;绝望的
12. find out 查明;弄清
(1) 过去式:found out
(2) find v. 找到;发现
find sb. doing/do sth.
find it adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
find sb./sth. adj.
(3) found v. 创立;创办
foundation n. 基金会
13. discussion n. 讨论;商量(可数)
(1) 短语:have a discussion with sb. about/on sth.
under discussion 正在讨论中
(2) discuss v. 讨论;商量
discuss sth. with sb.
(3) 近义词:debate v./n. 辩论
14. happen v. 发生;出现(无被动)
(1) 过去式:happened 现在分词:happening
(2) 短语:happen to do 碰巧做某事
happen to sb. 发生在某人身上
It happens/happened that…碰巧…
anything can/might happen 什么事都可能发生
make it happen 使它成真;美梦成真
(3) what happened/is happening 作宾语从句时,语序保持不变。

(4) 词性转换:happening n. 事件;发生的事情(常用复数)
(5) 近义词:take place 发生break out 爆发
15. expect v. 预料;期待
(1) 用法:expect (sb.) to do = look forward to doing
expect sth.
expect that…
be expected to = be supposed to = should
(2) 词性转换:expected adj. 预期的;预料的
unexpected adj. 出乎意料的
expectation n. 预料;期待
(3) 辨析:expect, except, expert和accept
16. joke n. 笑话;玩笑(可数)
(1) 短语:play a joke/trick on sb. 和某人开玩笑
tell a joke 讲笑话
(2) 近义词:trick n. 花招;把戏;恶作剧(可数)
(3) v. 开玩笑;说笑话= kid
joke about sth. 拿某事开玩笑
joke with sb. 和某人一起开玩笑
(4) 词性转换:joker n. 爱开玩笑的人;(大、小)王牌
17. meaningless adj. 毫无意义的;意思不明确的meaninglessly adv. 无意义地(1) mean v. 意思是;意味着;意欲;打算adj. 吝啬的;刻薄的
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
mean to do 打算做某事
过去式、过去分词:mean-meant-meant
近义词:refer to 指的是
(2) means n. 手段;方法(可数,复数means)
(3) meaning n. 意思;意义
the meaning of……的意义
have meaning to sb. 对某人有意义
(4) meaningful adj. 有意义的meaningfully adv. 有意义地拓展:以-ful和-less结尾的形容词
meaningful/ meaningless helpful/ helpless hopeful/ hopeless useful/ useless careful/ careless
colorful/ colorless
joyful/ joyless
regretful/ regretless
shameful/ shameless
harmful/ harmless
18. culture n. 文化;文明(不可数)
(1) 短语:traditional culture 传统文化
culture shock 文化冲击
(2) cultural adj. 文化的;文明的
cultural heritage 文化遗产
19. famous adj. 著名的;出名的
(1) 短语:be famous for 因…而出名
be famous as 作为…而出名
be famous in 在…出名
be famous to 被…熟知
(2) 近义词:known, well-known, popular
be well received in/among sb. 受到…欢迎
be popular with sb. 受…欢迎
(3) 词性转换:fame n. 名声;名气(不可数)
Hollywood Walk of Fame 好莱坞星光大道
20. appear
(1) v. 出现(实义动词+ adv./prep.短语)
e.g. Mickey Mouse first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Willie.
(2) v. 显得;看来(连系动词+adj./n./to do/ that…)
It appears that… = It seems that…
appear to be 好像是;仿佛= seem to be
(3) 反义词:disappear v. 消失
(4) 词性转换:appearance n. 外貌;外表;出现= look
in appearance adv. 在外表上
21. become v. 开始变得;变成
(1) 过去式、过去分词:become-became-become
(2) 用法:连系动词+ n./ adj. (填空时常用比较级)
相同用法的有:get, go, grow, turn (+颜色)
22. rich adj. 富有的;丰富的;油腻的;肥沃的;(颜色、气味等)浓重的
(1) 短语:the rich 有钱人;富人
be rich in 富有…;富含…= be full of = be filled with
(2) 反义词:poor adj. 贫穷的;可怜的;劣质的
be poor in 缺乏…= lack of = be short of
be poor at 不擅长
poverty n. 贫穷
(3) 近义词:wealthy adj. 富有的
wealth n. 财富
treasure n. 财富;财宝
fortune n. 财富;巨款
(4) enrich v. 丰富(及物)
23. successful adj. 获得成功的;有成就的
(1) 词性转换:success n. 成功(不可数)
succeed v. 取得成功;实现目标
successfully adv. 成功地;顺利地
(2) 短语:be successful in/at sth./doing 成功做成
succeed in sth./doing 成功做成= make it = manage to do
succeed as 成功成为
the secret to/of success 成功的秘诀
a big success/ hit 极大的成功/轰动
(3) 近义词:achieve v. 成功;获得;实现
achievement n. 成就;功绩
(4) 反义词:fail v. 失败;未能做成fail to do 未能做成某事= fail in doing/sth.
failure n. 失败
24. might v. 可能;可以
(1) 用法:情态动词may的过去式
表示最委婉的猜测 e.g. He might get there in time, but I’m not sure.
用于礼貌地提出建议 e.g. You might try calling the police.
用于礼貌地提出请求 e.g. Might I use your mobile phone?
(2) 常见的情态动词:
can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, have to
25. main adj. 主要的;最重要的
(1) mainly adv. 主要地,大体上
(2) 短语:main idea 主旨
main reason 主要原因
main purpose 主要目的
main dish 主菜
main character 主角
(3) 考情:main和mainly常出现在阅读主旨大意题的题目中
26. reason n. 原因;理由(可数)
(1) 用法:for this/the reason 由于这个原因
for no reason 毫无理由
the reason why…做某事的原因
the reason for sth./doing 做某事的原因
the reason is that…原因是…
have reason for/to do sth. 有理由去…
(2) 词性转换:reasonable adj. 合理的;公道的be reasonable to do 做某事是合理的
reasonless adj. 不合理的;不理智的
(3) 近义词:cause v. 造成;引起n. 原因;理由
excuse n. 借口
27. common adj. 普通的;常见的;共同的(U4已讲)
(1) 比较级、最高级:加er/est和加more/most均可,加more/most更常见
(2) commonly adv. 一般地;通常
uncommon adj. 不寻常的;罕见的
(3) 短语:have…in common 有共同之处
common sense 常识
(4) 考情:常出现在任务型阅读中,提问两者的相同点。

28. unlucky adj. 不幸的;不吉利的
(1) 比较级、最高级:unlucky-unluckier-unluckiest
(2) 近义词:unfortunate
(3) 词性转换:luck n. 运气;幸运
lucky adj. 幸运的
unluckily adv. 不幸地
(4) 短语:be unlucky to do 做某事是不吉利/不幸的
(5) 否定前缀un-
fair—unfair usual—unusual lucky—unlucky healthy—unhealthy happy—unhappy
easy—uneasy
safe—unsafe
tidy—untidy
able—unable
crowded—uncrowded
comfortable—uncomfortable
believable—unbelievable
expected—unexpected forgettable—unforgettable
29. lose v. 失去;丢失
(1) 过去式、过去分词:lose-lost-lost
(2) 短语:lose oneself in 沉迷于…;沉浸于…;专心致志于…= pay full attention to = focus on = concentrate on
lose control 失控
lose interest in 对…失去兴趣
lose face 丢脸
lose weight 减肥
lose one’s heart 灰心
lose one’s way 迷路
(3) 词性转换:loser n. 失败者
loss n. 失去cause a loss 造成损失
(4) 反义词:win v. 赢得;获胜
30. ready adj. 愿意的;准备好的
(1) 比较级、最高级:ready-readier-readiest
(2) 短语:be/get ready for sth. 准备好…
be/get ready to do 准备好做某事= be willing to do = be more likely to do 愿意做某事
ready to off 准备出发
ready to eat 即食食品
ready to use 现成的;马上可以使用的
31. simple adj. 简单的;易做的;朴素的
(1) 比较级、最高级:加er/est和加more/most均可
(2) 词性转换:simply adv. 简单地;仅仅;只;不过
simpleness n. 简单
32. dress up 装扮;乔装打扮
(1) 短语:dress up as/like 装扮成
(2) dress n. 连衣裙v. 给…穿衣服
get dressed 穿上衣服
dress sb./oneself 给某人/自己穿上衣服
dress in sth. 穿上…
dress down 穿着随便
(3) 辨析:dress, put on, wear和in
dress后面加sb.,表示“给某人穿上衣服”
put on后面加衣服,表示“穿上衣服”
wear后面也加衣服,但是表示“穿着”,强调状态
in后面通常加颜色,也可以加修饰词之后再加衣服,表示“穿着某种颜色的衣服”或“穿着…的衣服”
(4) up类短语总结:
bring up 养育;抚养
cheer up (使)变得高兴;振奋起来
clean up 打扫(或清除)干净eat up 吃光
drink up 喝光
end up 结束
fix up 修理;修补
hang up 挂断(电话)
hurry up 赶快
get up 起床
give up 放弃
grow up 成长;长大look up 查阅;抬头看
look up to 钦佩;仰慕
make up 编造;化妆
mix up 把…混合在一起
open up 打开
pick up 捡起;接电话;接(某
人)上车
put up 张贴;举起;搭起
ring up 打电话
set up 建立
stay up 熬夜
wake up 醒来
turn up 调高;出现
cut up 切碎
make up one’s mind 下定决心
dress up 装扮;乔装打扮
show up 出现;露面
build up 建立;增进
catch up 追上;赶上
warm up 热身
take up 开始做;着手做;占
据(时间、空间等)
come up with 提出;想出
put up with 忍受;容忍
33. take sb.’s place 代替;替换= take sb.’s position
(1) = take the place of sb.= take the position of sb.
(2) take的过去式、过去分词:take-took-taken
(3) 近义词:replace, instead of
(4) 区别:take place 发生
34. army n. 陆军;陆军部队
(1) 复数:armies
(2) 短语:join the army 参军
go into the army 参军
(3) arm n. 手臂;上肢v. 武装
arm oneself 武装自己
arm sb. with sth. 用某物武装某人
arm in arm 臂挽臂
arms n. 武器= weapon
(4) armed adj. 武装的;使用武器的
armed to the teeth 全副武装
(5) 拓展:air force 空军navy n. 海军
35. do a good job 干得好
(1) 近义词:well done
nice work
(2) 短语:do a good job in sth./doing 在某方面做得好。

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