汽车行业英文缩写2

OTS=off tooling samples 即全工装状态下非节拍生产条件下制造出来的样件用于验证产品的设计能力.（用于验证设计出来的产品是否符合客户要求，同时也是对生产工装的验证）同时OTS也可以叫模具样品。

LH 要求汇总书（一个项目的所有资料）
TPB 产品技术描述（图纸、技术供货条件等等）
DKM 数据控制模型（汽车形状1:1的基准样车）
PP认可=计划认可（决定投入批量生产）
BB认可=采购认可（对生产手段的投资认可）
D D认可=零件生产和供应认可（为零批量）
BMG 产品工程性能认可
EM 进行首批样件检验的首批样件，首批样件检验也称首批样件认可。

EMPB EMPB=首批样件检验报告（供货商对其样件检验的文件）
2TP两日生产（供货厂的批量预生产，用来验证批量能力）
PVS 生产试制批量
0S零批量（在批量生产条件下的总演习）
SF 批量认可（对批量生产的产品认可）
EPF 批（量供货）计划认可
KAF 集团路试验收（质量方面的批量认可）
SOP 生产启动（批量生产启动）
ME 市场导入（提供给销售商）
CAD 计算机辅助设计
COP 沿用件（与先前车型通用的零件）
CKD 全部拆散
SKD 部分拆散
HT 自制件
KT 外购件（外部供货厂生产的零件）
KD 售后服务
OTS 用批量生产的模具生产的零件
TE 技术开发部
PE （合资厂中的）产品工程部
TL 技术供货条件
TS 产品零件表
ZP 检查点
ZSB 总成
AEKO 产（品）改动的控制组织转载请注明出自六西格玛品质论坛
http: 英文缩写
ET
PT
ISIR
QFD 英文对照
Engineering Trial
Production Trial
Initial Sample Inspection Report
Quality Faction Deployment 中文对照工程试制生产试制初始样件测试报告品质机能展开FMEA
FTA
ES TEST
QDC
VDR
VES
NDS
NES
QIC
MQIC
L-PES
N-PES
U-PES
EES
EES-G
EES-S
SNP
CKD
TQM
SOP Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
Fault Tree Analysis
Engineering Specification Test
Quality Delivery Cost
Vender Design Review
Vehicle Evaluation System
Nissan Design Standard
Nissan Examinational Standard
Quality Information Center
Market Quality Information Center
Local parts-Prepared Evaluation System
Nissan new model-Prepared Evaluation System
Unit Prepared Evaluation System
Engine Evaluation System
Engine Evaluation System G(General)
Engine Evaluation System S(Static)
Standard Number of Package
Completed Knock Down
Total Quality Management
Start Of Production 潜在缺陷模式及后果分析故障树分析
工程测试质量交货成本外包零件设计审查
整车评价日产设计标准日产试验标准质量信息中心市场质量信息中心零件准备评价系统日产新车型准备评价系统新引擎（零件）准备评价系统引擎评价系统整体引擎评价系统静态引擎评价系统
标准数量包装
进口件全面质量管理
开始量产OSM- Outside of Material
OTC Over The Counter 非处方药，可在柜台上卖的药
PA Program Approval
pallet n. 托盘
Passenger Vehicle 乘用车
PAT- Program Attributes Team 产品属性小组
PDL Product Design Letter
PH Proportions&Hardpoints
PIPC- Perce ntage of In dexes with Process Capability 力指数百分比
PIST- Perce ntage of In specti on points Satisfy ing Tolera nc检测点满意工差百分比
PMT- Program Moudle Team 产品模块小组
PO Purchase Order
PPAP- Production Part Approval Process生产件批准程序
PPSR Production Preparation Status Report
PQA Process Quality Assurance
PR Program Readiness
Pre-Launch 试生产
price-driven costing 价格引导成本
Production Preparation-Final Nissan - PT2/Renault - PP Production Preparation-Initial Nissan - PT1/Renault - PPP3 Production Trial Run 试生产
Protype 样件
QFD Quality Funtion Deploy 质量功能展开
QFTT Quality Functional Task Team
QR- Quality Reject 质量拒收
QS Quality Standard
RAN Release Authorisation Number
reverse 倒车档
RFQ Request For Quotation 询价
RKD Reverse Knock Down
RLQ Receiving Lot Quantity
ROC Rate of Climb
ROI return on investment 报酬率
ROP Re-Order Point
RTO Required To Operate
SAIS Supplier Assessment & Improvement System
SC Strategic Confirmation/significant Charac
teristics
SDS- System/ Desig n Specificatio n系统/ 设计说明
second gear 二档
SFMEA System FMEA
Shipping Date 出货日、Invoice Date 发票日或On Board Date 装船日
Side Windshield 侧窗玻璃
SJ Strategic Intent
SNP Standard Number of Parts
1PP- First Phase of Production Prove-Ou第一次试生产
3C Customer顾客导向）、Competio n（竞争导向）、Compete nee （专长导向）4S Sale, Spare pai备件，Service, Survey（信息反馈
5S整理，整顿，清理，清洁，素养
8D- 8 Discipline
ABS Anti-lock Braking System
AIAG 美国汽车联合会
ANPQP Alliance New Product Quality Procedure
Apportionment 分配
APQP Advanced Product Quality Plan
Backlite Windshield 后窗玻璃
Benchmark Data 样件资料
bloodshot adj.充血的，有血丝的
BMW Bavarian Motor Works
SOW- state of work 工作申明
SPC Statistical Process Control
SQA Supplier Quality Assurance
SREA- Supplier Request for Engineering Approva供应商工程设计更改申请ST Surface Tranfer
STRS Supplier Test Report System
Subcontractor 分承包商
Sunroof Windshield 天窗玻璃
SUV Sports Utility Vehicle
TAG Test Aptitude Graphique
TCO Total Cost of Ownership 总持有成本
TCRA Total Cost Reduction Activity
TGR Things Gone Right
TGW Things Gone Worst
TM Techinical Manual
TPM Total Preventive Maintenance
TTO-Tool Try Out 工装验证
UOM Unit Of Measure
VES Vehicle uation System
VO- Vehicle Operation 主机厂
VPP- Vehicle Program Plan 整车项目计划
VQA Vehicle Quality Assurance
VTTO- Ven dor Tool Try-Out 供应商工装验证WERS- World Wide Engineering Release System WVTA Whole Vehicle Type Approval
凹坑concave
车床lathe
抽查试验spot check test
出厂试验delivery test
次品defective product
调幅amplitude modulation (AM)
调频Frequency Modulation
断差offset
对讲机interphone
法平面normal plane
翻车rollover
返工re-doing
防滑地板no-skid floor
仿真emulation
副作用side effect
改装厂refitting factory
隔热板heat shield
后围侧板rear wall side cover
划痕scratch
C.P.M Certified Purchasi ng man ger 认证采购经理人制度CB- Confirmation Build 确认样车制造
CC- Cha nge CutOff S 计变更冻结
CCSC- critical/significant characteristic
CCR Concern & Countermeasure Request
CCT Cross Company Team
Characteristics Matrix 特性矩阵图
COD Cash on Delivery 货到付现预付货款(T/T in advance) CP1- Confirmation Protype 1st 第一次确认样车
CP2- Confirmation Protype 2nd 第二次确认样车
Cpk 过程能力指数Cpk=Zmin/3
CPO Complementary Parts Order
Craftsmanship 精致工艺
Cross-f un cti onal teams 跨功能小组
CUV Car-Based Ultility Vehicle
D1:信息收集；8D
D2:建立8D小组；
D3：制定临时的围堵行动措施，避免不良品流出；
D4:定义和证实根本原因，避免再发；
D5:根据基本原因制定永久措施；
D6 :执行和确认永久措施；
D7：预防再发，实施永久措施；
D8 :认可团队和个人的贡献。

DCC Design Change Control
DFA- Desig n For Assembly面向装配的设计
DOE Desig n Of Exami natio试验设计
DQES Delivery Quality uation System
DTL Direct To Line
DVP&R Desig n Validate Pla n&Repor设计验证计划报告EDI electronic data interchange 电子数据交换
entire adj. 全部的,完整的,整个
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
ES Engin eeri ng Specification工程规格
ESI Early Supplier Inv olveme nt 供应商先期参与
Ex-Work（工厂交货）、FOB（船上交货）、FAS （船边交货）或CIF（运保费在内交货）FEU- Field uation Units用户市场实际体验与评估
first gear 一档
Flow Chart 流程图
FMEA Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
four-wheel drive 四轮驱动
FRG- Ford Reliability Guideli ne 福特可靠性指导
Front Windshield 前挡风玻璃
Tempered glass 钢化玻璃
front-wheel drive 前轮驱动
FSS- Full service supplie 全服务供应商
FTA Fault Tree Analysis
GD&T- Geometric Dime nsio ning & Tolera ncing 标准公差
GR&R Guage Repeatability & reproducibility量具的重复性和再现性grief-stricke n adj.极度忧伤的heavy rain 大雨high wi nd n.疾风
HTFB- Hard Tooli ng Fu nctio nal Build 工装集成调试与验证
IPO Individual Parts Order
ISIR Initial Sample Inspection Report
JIT Just In Time
KD- knocked down/ Semi Knock Down(SKD) /Completely Knock Down(CKD)
KO Kick-off
Laminated glass 夹层玻璃
LP－Lean Production 精益生产
LR Launch Readiness
LS Launch Support
LVPM Local Vendor Packaging Method MPV Multi-Purpose Vehicle 多用途汽车MRD
Material Required Date 假人dummy 间隙interstice 节点pitch point 油漆起结皮现象
skinning 扭矩torque
汽车总布置草图sketch for automobile layout 汽车总装配图automobile assembly drawing 汽油供给管gasoline feed pipe 汽油箱gasoline tank( petrol tank) 前围角板
front wall angle cover 轻型客车light bus 曲轴crankshaft 三类底盘three type chassis
上模upper die 甚高频very high frequency (VHF) 下模bottom die(counter die)
消声器silencer 选料上乘、做工精细be superior in material and excellent in workmanship 仪表板dash board
油门throttle
褶皱crimple
整车运输transportation of truck-load
总装final assembly
阻流板step,reflectro,baffle
最大扭矩转速speed at maximum torque
左对齐left justify
报废scrapping
皮纹grain
OTS OFF TOOL SAMPLE批量生产的工模器具制造出的样件
PVS Produktio ns Versuchs Serie比量试生产
TMA Trial Manufacturing Agreement
2TP 两日试生产，主要是验证供应商的批量供货能力
OS 零批量，是批量生产前的总演习，批产的全面验证
SOP Standard Operation 即批量生产Start-Of-Production
Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作程序
QSV Qualitaes-Sicheru ngs-Verei nbaru ng质量保证协议
BMG Bau-Muster-Genehmigung 产品工程样件性能检验认可
Null series 零批量
QSR 质量体系要求
Bias 偏差
DB Durability Build 样车阶段
lead time n. 订货至交货的时间
sink mark 缩痕
LRR launch readiness review
MRO Maintenance, Repair, and Operation
MTP- Make to print supplier 照图加工供应商
N/A- Not Applicable
NCDR Non-Conforming Delivery Report
NCMAR Non-Conforming Material Action Report
NDA Non Disclosure Agreement 保密协定
NDS Nissan Design Specification
NML Nissan Motor Ltd
NVH- System Noise, Vibration & Harshness系统噪音，振动及粗糙性
Front bumper 前保险杠
Rear bumper 后保险杠
Radiator grille 格栅
Headlamp 前大灯
Tail lamp-lift gate 尾灯-行李箱盖上
Tail lamp-quarter 尾灯-后侧围上
Front door trim panel 前门内饰板
Rear door trim panel 后门内饰板
Interior release handle bezel 内开手把手框Power controls bezel 电动车窗开关框Window interior capping 窗框饰条Exterior mirror 外后视镜
Body side moulding 防擦条
Cowl grille 通风格栅
Roof molding 车顶装饰条
Lift gate molding 牌照板支架
Lift gate handle 行李箱盖拉手Weather strip_door openings 门框胶条Weather strip_liftgate 行李箱胶条
A Pillar Trim A 柱
B Pillar Trim upper B 柱上
B Pillar Trim lower B 柱下
Front scuff Plate 前门槛条
Rear scuff plate 后门槛条
Back panel trim lower 行李箱门槛条Garnish trim-Quarter window
Cowl trim panel A 柱下
Lift gate upper trim 尾门内饰板上
Lift gate side trim 尾门内饰板中
Lift gate lower trim 尾门内饰板下
IP
Defroster panel 除霜盖板
Console 中控台
Steering column cover 方向机柱上下盖板Cluster 组合仪表
Carpet 前地毯
Trunk carpet 后地毯
Front seat 前座椅
2nd row seat 第二排座椅
burr（金属）flash（塑件）毛边
gap 间隙
defective products 不良品finished products 成品disposed products 处理品band-aid 创可贴scratch 刮伤
dents 压痕缩水Shrinkage
缩水Sink Mark
顶白Stress Mark
YC (Pote ntial Critical Characteristic潜在关键特性
YS (Pote ntial Sig nificant Characteristic潜在重要特性
Restriction of Hazardous Substances简称RoHS
SGS, BV, TUV, I ntertek, ETC BV-Bureau Verit法国国际检验局首检First article inspection
自检Self-inspection
全检100% inspection
巡检process audit
开箱检验out of box audit
出货检验out-going inspection
例行检验Routine checking
确认检验Confirming
全尺寸检验full dimension inspection
可靠性试验Reliability test
在线检验on-line inspection
线下检验off-line inspection
制造业英文词汇
总经理办公室General manager's office 模具部Tooling department
项目部Project department
品质部Quality department 计划部Plan department 制造部Manufacture department Keypad 产品部Keypad department IMD 产品部IMD department 五金部Metal stamping department 设计科Design section 冲压车间Stamping workshop 电镀车间Plating workshop 物控科Production material control section 计划科Plan section 仓务科Warehouse section 商务科Business section 品质规划科quality plan section IQC 科IQC section
IPQC科IPQC section
OQC科OQC section 检测中心measurement center
项目规划科Project plan section
项目XX科Project section XX
试模科Mold test section
成本科Cost section
设备科Facility section 采购科Purchase section 综合办General affairs office 编程科
Programming section 模具工程科Tooling engineering section 模具装配车间Mold
assembly workshop 文控中心Document control center (DCC) 注塑车间Injection
workshop 喷涂车间Spray painting workshop 装配车间Assembly workshop 总经理
General manager (GM) 经理manager
XX 部门经理Manager of XX department 原料库Raw material warehouse 半成品库
Semi-finished product warehouse 成品库Finished product warehouse 科长section
chief 主任chief 部门主管department head
主管,线长supervisor 组长Foreman, forelady 秘书secretary 文员clerk 操作员
operator 助理assistant 职员staff 二、产品超声波焊接ultrasonic welding 塑胶件
Plastic parts 塑材Raw parts 喷涂件Painted parts 装配件Assembly parts 零件
Component 原料Raw material 油漆Paint 稀释剂Thinner 油墨Ink 物料编号part
number
注塑模具injection mold 冲压模具Stamping tool 模架mold base 定模座板Fixed clamp plate
A 板A plate
B 板B plate
支承板support plate 方铁spacer plate 回位销Return pin 导柱Guide pin 动模座板
Moving clamp plate 顶针ejector pin 单腔模具single cavity mold 多腔模具multi-cavity
mold 浇口gate
合模力clamping force 锁模力locking force 开裂crack 循环时间cycle time 老化aging
螺杆screw
镶件Insert 主流道sprue 分流道runner 浇口gate 直浇口direct gate 点浇口pin-point gate 测浇口edge gate 潜伏浇口submarine gate 浇口套sprue bush 流道板runner plate 排气槽vent 分型线（面）parting line 定模Fixed mold 动模movable mold 型腔cavity 凹模cavity plate, 凸模core plate 斜销angle pin 滑块slide 拉料杆sprue puller 定位环locating ring
脱模斜度draft
滑动型芯slide core
螺纹型芯threaded core 热流道模具hot-runner mold 熔合纹weld line 三板式模具three plate mold 脱模ejection 脱模剂release agent 注射能力shot capacity 注射速率injection rate 注射压力injection pressure 保压时间holding time 闭模时间closing time 电加工设备Electron Discharge Maching 数控加工中心CNC machine center 万能铁床Universal milling machine 平面磨床Surface grinding machine 万能摇臂钻床Universal radial movable driller 立式钻床Vertical driller 倒角chamfer
键Key
键槽keyway
间距pitch
快速成型模Rapid protype tool (RPT)
四、品管
SPC statistic process control 品质保证Quality Assurance(QA) 品质控制Quality
control(QC) 巡检IPQC In-process quality control 校对calibration 环境试验
Environmental test 光泽gloss 拉伸强度tensile strength 盐雾实验salt spray test 翘曲
warp 比重specific gravity 疲劳fatigue 撕裂强度tear strength 缩痕sink mark 耐久性durability 抽样sampling 样品数量sample size
AQL Acceptable Quality level
批量lot size
抽样计划sampling plan 抗张强度Tensile Strength 抗折强度Flexural Strength 硬度Rigidity 色差Color Difference 涂镀层厚度Coating Thickness 导电性能Electric Conductivity 粘度viscosity 附着力adhesion 耐磨Abrasion resistance 尺寸Dimension （喷涂）外观问题Cosmetic issue 不合格品Non-conforming product 限度样板Limit sample
五、生产注塑机injection machine 冲床Punch machine
嵌件注塑Insert molding
双色注塑Double injection molding
薄壁注塑Thin wall molding
膜内注塑IMD molding ( In-mold decoration) 移印Tampo printing 丝印Silk screen printing 热熔Heat staking
超声熔接Ultrasonic welding (USW)
尼龙nylon
黄铜brass
青铜bronze
紫(纯)铜copper
料斗hopper
麻点pit
涂层coating
飞边flash
缺料Short mold
烧焦Burn mark
缩水Sink mark
气泡Bubbles
破裂Crack
熔合线Welding line
流痕Flow mark
银条Silver streak 黑条Black streak 表面光泽不良Lusterless 表面剥离Pelling 翘曲变形Deformation 脏圬Stain mark 油污Oil mark 蓝黑点Blue-black mark 顶白Pin mark 拉伤Scratch 限度样品Limit sample 最佳样品Golden sample 预热preheating 再生料recycle material 机械手Robot 机器人Servo robot 试生产Trial run; Pilot run (PR) 量产mass production 切料头Degate 产能Capacity 能力Capability
参数Parameter
二次加工Secondary process
六.物控
保质期shelf life
ABC分类法ABC Classification
装配Assembly
平均库存Average Inventory 批号Batch Number
批量生产Mass Production 提货单Bill of Lading
物料清单Bill of Material
采购员Buyer
检查点Check Point
有效日期Date Available
修改日期Date Changed
结束日期Date Closed
截止日期Date Due
生产日期Date in Produced 库存调整日期Date Inventory Adjust 作废日期D ate Obsolete
收到日期Date Received
交付日期Date Released 需求日期Date Required 需求管理Demand Management 需求Demand 工程变更生效日期Engineering Change Effect Date 呆滞材料分析Excess Material Analysis 完全跟踪Full Pegging 在制品库存In Process Inventory 投入/产出控制Input/ Output Control 检验标识Inspection ID 库存周转率Inventory Carry Rate 准时制生产Just-in-time (JIT) 看板Kanban 人工工时Labor Hour 最后运输日期Last Shipment Date 提前期Lead Time 负荷Loading 仓位代码Location Code 仓位状况Location Status 批量标识Lot ID 批量编号Lot Number 批量Lot Size
机器能力Machine Capacity 机器加载Machine Loading 制造周期时间Manufacturing Cycle Time 制造资源计划Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) 物料成本Material Cost
物料发送和接收Material Issues and Receipts 物料需求计划Material Requirements
Planning (MRP) 现有库存量On-hand Balance 订单输入Order Entry 零件批次Part Lot 零件编号Part Number (P/N) 零件Part 领料单Picking List 领料/ 提货Picking 产品控制Product Control 产品线Production Line 采购订单跟踪Purchase Order
Tracking 需求量Quantity Demand 毛需求量Quantity Gross 安全库存量Safety Stock
在制品Work in Process
零库存Zero Inventories
七.QS-9000中的术语
APQP Advaneed Product Quality所得税汇算清缴；Planning and Control Plan产品质量先期策划和控制计划
PPAP Production Part Approval Process生产件批准程序
FMEA Pote ntial Failure Mode and Effects An alysiS潜在失效模式及后果分析
MSA 税审;Measure System An alysis测量系统分析
SPC Statistical Process Contro统计过程控制
审核Audit
能力Capability
能力指数Capability Indices
控制计划Control Plans
纠正措施Corrective Action
文件Documentation
作业指导书Standard operation procedure(SOP);Work instruction
不合格品Nonconformance
不合格Nonconformity
每百万零件不合格数Defective Parts Per Million, DPPM
预防措施Preventive Action
程序Procedures
过程流程图Process Flow Diagram, Process Flow Chart
质量手册Quality Manual 质量计划Quality Plan 质量策划Quality Planning 质量记录Quality Records 原始数据Raw Data 反应计划Reaction Plan 返修Repair 返工Rework 现场Site 分承包方Subcontractors 产品product 质量quality 质量要求quality requirement 顾客满意customer satisfaction 质量管理体系quality management system 质量方针quality policy 质量目标quality objective 质量管理quality management 质量控制quality control 质量保证quality assurance
组织organization
顾客customer
供方supplier
过程process
服务service
设计与开发design and development:
特性characteristic
可追溯性trace ability
合格conformity
缺陷defect
纠正correction
让步concession
放行release
报废scrap
规范specification
检验inspection
试验test
验证verification
评审review
测量measurement
普通原因Common Cause 均值Mean
极差Range
稳定性Stability
计量型数据Variables Data 变差Variation
重复性Repeatability
再现性Reproducibility
稳定性Stability
线性Linearity
分辨率Resolution
过程更改Process change
质量功能展开QFD
外观项目Appearance Item
初始过程能力Preliminary Process Capability
材料清单Bill of Material
设计确认Design Validation
设计验证Design Verification
八.常用缩略词语
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
ANOVA 方差分析法Analysis of Variance
DFMEA 设计失效模式及后果分析Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis DOE 试验设计Design of Experiment
GR&R 量具的重复性和再现性Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility PFMEA 过程失效模式及后果分析Process Failure Mode and Effect Analysis QSR 质量体系要求Quality System Requirement
QFD 质量功能展开Quality Function Deployment
BOM 物料清单Bill of Material
Cpk 稳定过程的能力指数Capability for stable process LCL 下控制限Lower Control Limit
UCL 上控制限Upper Control Limit
LSL 工程规范下限Lower Specification Limit
X(—)--R 图均值一极差图Average-Range Chart
防错(POKA-YOKE)Mistake Proofing
ETA 预计到达Estimate to be arrive
PO 定单Purchase order
M/C 机器machine
RFQ 报价需求Request for quotation
MFI 熔融流动指数Melt flow index
FAI 全尺寸检测报告First article inspection
ALT 加速老化试验Accelerated life test
CRR 承认书Component review report
OT 加班Over time
CAP 矫正计划Corrective action plan
R&D 研发Research and Development
ASAP 尽快As soon as possible
ECN工程更改通知Engineering change notice
DCN 设计更改通知Design change notice
OTD 准时交货On time delivery
九.通用词语
确保ensure
构想construct
会签con-sign
功能Function
机构organization
外观appearance
适用apply to
作业流程Operation flow
附件attachment
商务人员business personnel
汇总summarize
指定相关人员designated personnel
新产品开发说明会new product development explanation meeting 拟定Prepare 委托entrust 认证qualify 电子档Soft copy 3D 文件3D database
移转Transfer
执行Conduct
XXX申请单XXX Application form
客户要求Customer requirement 启动Kick off
评估uation
作业员Operator 批准,承认Approval 合同评审Contract review 可靠性Reliability
相关的Relevant
程序Procedure
制程Process
流程图Flow chart
产品Product
生产Production
资材Logistics
责任Responsibility
跟进Follow-up
交付Delivery
汇总Summarize
外协加工subcontract 指定相关人员designated personnel 编号number 附件attachment
产品名称Description 周期循环时间Cycle time 模具号Mold No, 数量quantity ( Qt'y ) 备注remark
SAP号SAP No.
客户Customer
表单Form
初步的Preliminary
版本Version
根本原因Root cause
(喷漆)夹具Fixture
（设备）小夹具Jig 设备Equipment
设施Facility
送提交（样品）Submit
责任部门,责任人Responsible by
（大的）目标Objective （小的,具体的）目标Target 格式Format 上岗证Qualification card
需求Requirement
现场On site
查检表Checklist
试产pilot
增值税VAT---value-added tax
31 /。