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[美]R·格伦·哈伯德《宏观经济学》R.GlennHubbard,AnthonyP
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Macroeconomics R. GLENN HUBBARD COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY ANTHONY PATRICK O’BRIEN LEHIGH UNIVERSITY MATTHEW RAFFERTY QUINNIPIAC UNIVERSITY Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle RiverAmsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City So Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei TokyoAbout the AuthorsGlenn Hubbard Professor Researcher and Policymaker R. Glenn Hubbard is the dean and Russell L. Carson Professor of Finance and Economics in the Graduate School of Business at Columbia University and professor of economics in Columbia’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences. He is also a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research and a director of Automatic Data Processing Black Rock Closed- End Funds KKR Financial Corporation and MetLife. Professor Hubbard received his Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University in 1983. From 2001 to 2003 he served as chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers and chairman of the OECD Economy Policy Commit- tee and from 1991 to 1993 he was deputy assistant secretary of the U.S. Treasury Department. He currently serves as co-chair of the nonpar-tisan Committee on Capital Markets Regulation and the Corporate Boards Study Group. ProfessorHubbard is the author of more than 100 articles in leading journals including American EconomicReview Brookings Papers on Economic Activity Journal of Finance Journal of Financial EconomicsJournal of Money Credit and Banking Journal of Political Economy Journal of Public EconomicsQuarterly Journal of Economics RAND Journal of Economics and Review of Economics and Statistics.Tony O’Brien Award-Winning Professor and Researcher Anthony Patrick O’Brien is a professor of economics at Lehigh University. He received a Ph.D. from the University of California Berkeley in 1987. He has taught principles of economics money and banking and interme- diate macroeconomics for more than 20 years in both large sections and small honors classes. He received the Lehigh University Award for Distin- guished Teaching. He was formerly the director of the Diamond Center for Economic Education and was named a Dana Foundation Faculty Fel- low and Lehigh Class of 1961 Professor of Economics. He has been a visit- ing professor at the University of California Santa Barbara and Carnegie Mellon University. Professor O’Brien’s research has dealt with such issues as the evolution of the U.S. automobile industry sources of U.S. economiccompetitiveness the development of U.S. trade policy the causes of the Great Depression and thecauses of black–white income differences. His research has been published in leading journals in-cluding American Economic Review Quarterly Journal of Economics Journal of Money Credit andBanking Industrial Relations Journal of Economic History Explorations in Economic History andJournal of PolicyHistory.Matthew Rafferty Professor and Researcher Matthew Christopher Rafferty is a professor of economics and department chairperson at Quinnipiac University. He has also been a visiting professor at Union College. He received a Ph.D. from the University of California Davis in 1997 and has taught intermediate macroeconomics for 15 years in both large and small sections. Professor Rafferty’s research has f ocused on university and firm-financed research and development activities. In particular he is interested in understanding how corporate governance and equity compensation influence firm research and development. His research has been published in leading journals including the Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis Journal of Corporate Finance Research Policy and the Southern Economic Journal. He has worked as a consultantfor theConnecticut Petroleum Council on issues before the Connecticut state legislature. He has alsowritten op-ed pieces that have appeared in several newspapers including the New York Times. iii Brief Contents Part 1: Introduction Chapter 1 The Long and Short of Macroeconomics 1 Chapter 2 Measuring the Macroeconomy 23 Chapter 3 The Financial System 59 Part 2: Macroeconomics in the Long Run: Economic Growth Chapter 4 Determining Aggregate Production 105 Chapter 5 Long-Run Economic Growth 143 Chapter 6 Money and Inflation 188 Chapter 7 The Labor Market 231 Part 3: Macroeconomics in the Short Run: Theory and Policy Chapter 8 Business Cycles 271 Chapter 9 IS–MP: A Short-Run Macroeconomic Model 302 Chapter 10 Monetary Policy in the Short Run 363 Chapter 11 Fiscal Policy in the Short Run 407 Chapter 12 Aggregate Demand Aggregate Supply and Monetary Policy 448 Part 4: Extensions Chapter 13 Fiscal Policy and the Government Budget in the Long Run 486 Chapter 14 Consumption and Investment 521 Chapter 15 The Balance of Payments Exchange Rates and Macroeconomic Policy 559 Glossary G-1 Index I-1ivContentsChapter 1 The Long and Short of Macroeconomics 1WHEN YOU ENTER THE JOB MARKET CAN MATTER A LOT ........................................................ 11.1 What Macroeconomics Is About........................................................................... 2 Macroeconomics in the Short Run and in the Long Run .................................................... 2 Long-Run Growth in the United States ............................................................................. 3 Some Countries Have Not Experienced Significant Long-Run Growth ............................... 4 Aging Populations Pose a Challenge to Governments Around the World .......................... 5 Unemployment in the United States ................................................................................. 6 How Unemployment Rates Differ Across Developed Countries ......................................... 7 Inflation Rates Fluctuate Over Time and Across Countries................................................. 7 Econo mic Policy Can Help Stabilize the Economy .. (8)International Factors Have Become Increasingly Important in Explaining Macroeconomic Events................................................................................. 91.2 How Economists Think About Macroeconomics ............................................. 11 What Is the Best Way to Analyze Macroeconomic Issues .............................................. 11 Macroeconomic Models.................................................................................................. 12Solved Problem 1.2: Do Rising Imports Lead to a Permanent Reductionin U.S. Employment. (12)Assumptions Endogenous Variables and Exogenous Variables in EconomicModels ........................................................................................................ 13 Forming and Testing Hypotheses in Economic Models .................................................... 14Making the Connection: What Do People Know About Macroeconomicsand How Do They KnowIt .............................................................................................. 151.3 Key Issues and Questions of Macroeconomics ............................................... 16An Inside Look: Will Consumer Spending Nudge Employers to Hire................................ 18Chapter Summary and Problems ............................................................................. 20 Key Terms and Concepts Review Questions Problems and Applications Data Exercise Theseend-of-chapter resource materials repeat in all chapters.Chapter 2 Measuring the Macroeconomy 23HOW DO WE KNOW WHEN WE ARE IN ARECESSION ........................................................... 23Key Issue andQuestion .................................................................................................... 232.1 GDP: Measuring Total Production and Total Income ..................................... 25 How theGovernment Calculates GDP (25)Production and Income (26)The Circular Flow of Income (27)An Example of Measuring GDP (29)National Income Identities and the Components of GDP (29)vvi CONTENTS Making the Connection: Will Public Employee Pensions Wreck State and Local Government Budgets.................................................................... 31 The Relationship Between GDP and GNP........................................................................ 33 2.2 Real GDP Nominal GDP and the GDP Deflator.............................................. 33 Solved Problem 2.2a: Calculating Real GDP . (34)Price Indexes and the GDP Deflator (35)Solved Problem 2.2b: Calculating the Inflation Rate ..........................................................36 The Chain-Weighted Measure of Real GDP ....................................................................37 Making the Connection: Trying to Hit a Moving Target: Forecasting with “Real-Time Data” .................................................................................. 37 Comparing GDP Across Countries................................................................................... 38 Making the Connection: The Incredible Shrinking Chinese Economy ................................ 39 GDP and National Income .............................................................................................. 40 2.3 Inflation Rates and Interest Rates ....................................................................... 41 The Consumer Price Index .............................................................................................. 42 Making the Connection: Does Indexing Preserve the Purchasing Power of Social Security Payments ................................................................ 43 How Accurate Is theCPI ............................................................................................... 44 The Way the Federal Reserve Measures Inflation ............................................................ 44 InterestRates .................................................................................................................. 45 2.4 Measuring Employment and Unemployment .. (47)Answering the Key Question ............................................................................................ 49 An Inside Look: Weak Construction Market Persists.......................................................... 50 Chapter 3 The Financial System 59 THE WONDERFUL WORLD OFCREDIT ................................................................................... 59 Key Issue and Question .................................................................................................... 59 3.1 Overview of the Financial System ...................................................................... 60 Financial Markets and Financial Intermediaries ................................................................ 61 Making the Connection: Is General Motors Making Cars or Making Loans .................... 62 Making the Connection: Investing in the Worldwide Stock Market . (64)Banking and Securitization (67)The Mortgage Market and the Subprime Lending Disaster (67)Asymmetric Information and Principal–Agent Problems in Financial Markets...................68 3.2 The Role of the Central Bank in the Financial System (69)Central Banks as Lenders of Last Resort ..........................................................................69 Bank Runs Contagion and Asset Deflation ....................................................................70 Making the Connection: Panics Then and Now: The Collapse of the Bank of United States in 1930 and the Collapse of Lehman Brothers in2008 (71)3.3 Determining Interest Rates: The Market for Loanable Funds and the Market forMoney .......................................................................................... 76 Saving and Supply in the Loanable Funds Market ........................................................... 76 Investment and the Demand for Loanable Funds ............................................................ 77 Explaining Movements in Saving Investment and the Real Interest Rate (78)CONTENTS .。
[高中英语]2018版高中英语(人教版)必修4同步练习题：Unit 2 学业分层测评5
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学业分层测评(五)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．When asked to make some comments ________ the mine accident,the mayor of the city said much remained to be looked into before the whole thing was reported to the public.2．All her energies are ________(focus)upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.3．Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build ________ one's strength,but also develop one's character.4．We've always regretted________(sell)the farm.5．Kitty,take your umbrella.It can keep your skin free ________ being burnt.6．The ________(produce) of consumer goods has increased throughout the world.7．Her poor English often led ________ misunderstanding when she first went to England many years ago.8．So,in ________(summarize),we've got to try to get further funding.9．Does the virus cause damage ________ the system?10．A lot of poisonous waste from the ________ (chemistry) works polluted the river.【答案】 1.on 2.focused 3.up 4.selling/having sold 5.from/of 6.production7.to8.summary 9．to10.chemicalⅡ.完成句子1．那种颜色的电视价格已经被降到了1 000元.The price of that type of colour TV ________________.2．他一整天都在看电视.He ________________ all day.3．你最好让这片区域免受污染.You'd better keep this area ________________.4．他走了,留下我做剩下的所有工作.He left,________________ all the rest work.5．集中注意力学习是很重要的,尤其是在这样特殊的日子里.________________ is very important,especially on such particular days.【答案】 1.has been reduced to 1,000 yuan 2.has been watching television 3.free of pollution 4．leaving me to do 5.Focusing on your studyⅢ.阅读理解ALONDON (Reuters)—Organic (有机的) fruit,deliveredright to the doorstep.That is what Gabriel Gold prefers,and heis willing to pay for it.If this is not possible, the 26-year-oldcomputer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket buying organic food.“Organic produce is always better,” Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides (农药),and you are generally supporting family farms instead of largefarms.And more often than not it is locally grown and seasonal,so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the_organic_trend,and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.But how many shoppers really know what they are getting,and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce? Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences—but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.For example,small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products.And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet growing demand.“The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year,so it is a very fast-growing market,”said Sue Flock,a specialist in this line of business.【语篇解读】本文为一篇新闻报道.主要介绍了伦敦有机食品的需求量上升,使有机食品市场成为快速增长的市场.1．More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because ________.A．they are getting richerB．they can get the food anywhereC．they consider the food free of pollutionD．they like home-grown fruit【解析】细节理解题.由文章第一段信息Organic(有机的)fruit,delivered right to the doorstep.That is what Gabriel Gold prefers和第二段信息you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms和Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend可知D项正确.【答案】 D2．According to the text,most organic produce sold in Britain________.A．grows indoors all year roundB．is produced outside BritainC．is grown on family farmsD．is produced on large farms【解析】细节理解题.由文章第二段Gold所说的话The food is free of pesticides(农药),and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally grown and seasonal,so it is more tasty.可知C项正确.【答案】 C3．The underlined words“the organic trend” in the text probably mean “________”．A．growing interest in organic foodB．better qualities of organic foodC．rising market for organic foodD．higher prices of organic food【解析】词义猜测题.由短文最后一句可以看出,由于人们对organic food 越来越感兴趣,其需求量越来越大.【答案】 A4．What is the best title for this news story?A．Organic Food—Healthy,or Just for the Wealthy?B．The Making of Organic Food in BritainC．Organic Food—to Import or NotD．Good Qualities of Organic Food【解析】主旨大意题.有机食品的需求量上升,使有机食品市场成为快速增长的市场.所以,“Organic Food—Healthy,or Just for the Wealthy？”是比较恰当的题目.【答案】 ABAccording to a new study,putting preschoolers(学龄前儿童) in bed by 8 p．m.could reduce their chances of becoming overweight or obese later in life by half.Preschoolers are children around the age of 4 or 5.The World Health Organization says obesity can lead to serious long-term health problems like diabetes,heart disease and stroke.Researchers from the Ohio State University's College of Public Health have found that young children who go to bed after 9 p．m.are twice as likely to be obese later in life.The researchers wrote their findings in The Journal of Pediatrics.The lead author of the study is Sarah Anderson.She is an associate professor of epidemiology(流行病学)．Anderson says that,for parents,the results of the study support the importance of creating a bedtime routine.She says that having a usual bedtime routine is something “families can do to lower their children's risk” of becoming overweight.Researchers used data from 977 children for the study.These children are part of a larger project called the Study of Early Child Care and Youth De v elopment.The project follows healthy babies born in 1991 in 10 cities in US.When these children turned 15 years old,the researchers looked at their rates of obesity.Of those with the earliest bedtimes,only one out of 10 was obese.Of those who went to bed between 8 and 9 p．m.,16 percent became obese.And out of those with the latest bedtimes,23 percent became obese.The World Health Organization reported in 2014 that the number of overweight babies and young children worldwide had increased from 31 million in 1990 to 44 million in 2012.If that trend continues,the WHO warns,there will be 70 million obese children in the world by 2025.5．According to the passage,the risk of obesity________.A．can be cut by half if children go to bed by 9 p．m.B．can lead to low blood pressure,diabetes and heart diseaseC．is the highest at the age of 4 or 5D．is higher for those children who sleep late at night【解析】细节理解题.根据第一段中的“According to a new study,putting preschoolers in bed by 8 p．m.could reduce their chances of becoming overweight or obese later in life by half.”(根据一项新研究,在晚上八点前睡觉,能减少学龄前儿童变得超重的机会或者减少他们后期成为肥胖的一半的几率.)可推断出,那些晚睡的孩子更有可能变得肥胖.故选D.【答案】 D6．The underlined word “obese” in the first paragraph means ________.A．heavy B．lightC．fat D．slim【解析】词义猜测题.根据所在句意及其前的overweight(超重)可知,此处应指“肥胖”.故选C.【答案】 C7．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the research?A．The research is organized by the World Health Organization.B．The result shows that children sleeping before 8 p．m.have the lowest rate of obesity.C．The findings are based on the data provided by The Journal of Pediatrics.D．The research is funded(提供资金) by the Study of Early Child Care and Youth De v elopment.【解析】细节理解题.根据第一段中的“According to a new study,putting preschoolers in bed by 8 p．m.could reduce their chances of becoming overweight or obese later in life by half.”(根据一项新研究,在晚上八点前睡觉,能减少学龄前儿童变得超重的机会或者减少他们后期成为肥胖的一半的几率.)可知,八点之前睡觉的孩子变得肥胖的几率最低.根据第三段中的“Researchers from the Ohio State University's College of Public Health”可知,这项研究不是世界卫生组织主办的；根据第六段中的“Researchers used data from 977 children for the study.”可知,研究数据来自于977名儿童,并非来自于《儿童科学杂志》(The Journal of Pediatrics)；全文并没有提及研究资金的来源问题.故选B.【答案】 B8．What is the author's attitude towards the result of the research?A．Objective. B．Disappointed.C．Positive. D．Satisfied.【解析】推理判断题.通读全文可知,本文介绍了关于早睡能有效减少儿童肥胖风险的研究,作者客观介绍了研究结果及过程,没有发表自己的观点.objective 客观的.故选A.【答案】 AⅣ.阅读填句【导学号：10642030】What you do each morning affects your entire day.The choices that we repeatedly make determine the life we live.__1__·Manage your energy,not your time.If you think about it,you'll probably realize that you are better at doing certain tasks at certain times.For example, my creative energy is highest in the morning,so that's when I do my writing each day.However,I spend my afternoons on phone calls,and emails,which don't need my creative energy to be high.__2__ What task is that energy best suited for?·Prepare the night before.It is really necessary to spend a few minutes each night organizing your to-do list for tomorrow.When I do it,I'll outline the article I'm going to write the next day and develop a short list of the most important items for me to do.__3__·__4__Sounds simple,yet nobody does it.It took me a while to get over the urge(渴望) to open my inbox,but finally I realized that everything can wait a few hours.Nobody is going to email you about a true emergency (a death in the family,etc.),so leave your email alone for the first few hours of each day.·Turn your phone off.This reduces the urge to check text messages.This simple method reduces the possibility that you waste time on meaningless tasks.You've got 25,000 mornings.__5__A．Don't open email until noon.B．What will you do with each one?C．Leave your phone in another room.D．What type of energy do you have in the morning?E．Try your best to finish your work in the morning.F．It takes 10 minutes that night and saves 3 hours the next day. G．Here are the methods that I've found to get the most out of my morning. 【答案】1－5GDFAB。
爱丁堡大学市场营销
爱大（爱丁堡大学）商学院是世界为数不多的获得AACSB, EQUIS，AMBA三重国际认证的商学院。
而且Marketing是热度超高的英国留学专业，竞争相当之大，今天立思辰留学360给大家全面地介绍一下爱丁堡大学本科市场营销专业。
爱大市场营销主要研究各种大小规模的公立、私立、非营利性组织的管理实践和操作流程，以及所在的外界环境的变化。
通过系统的市场营销课程学习，以及范围更广的专业结构设置，让学生可以在商业领域有所专长。
爱丁堡大学的市场营销专业叫做MA Business with Marketing，UCAS code: N1N5，学制四年，为商学院开设的课程，毕业后获得MA荣誉学位。
第一年，你将有机会学习商业面临的全球挑战问题，另外也引入了商务管理的核心概念，包括战略、金融、市场营销、人才管理。
还将学习财务会计的入门课程 Accountancy 1A、管理会计的入门课程Accountancy 1B、其他包括其他科目内容的可选课程。
第二年，主要学习商业研究方法I，包括数据分析、市场与职业发展规划的入门。
也有机会从以下课程中选择学习：Innovation and Entrepreneurship; Business Economics; Principles of Finance; Applications of Finance; HR Management; International Business; Organisational Behaviour 2; Business Simulation; Business Analytics and Information Systems。
第三年，将会学习战略管理；商业研究方法 II，也就是运用与分析。
另外还有机会选择更专业的商务或营销课程来学习。
第四年，你将学习更深入的商业课程，包括一些市场营销课程，比方说品牌文化、客户行为、数字化营销、广告。
另外爱大商学院还提供大三出国交换学习机会，合作院校位于亚洲、澳洲、新西兰、美国、加拿大或者欧洲各地。
美国市场营销博士——耶鲁管理学院
小编给大家介绍一下市场营销博士，并为大家介绍三所美国大学，耶鲁大学、杜克大学、斯坦福大学。
市场营销博士：PhD in Marketing综合性大学的商学院50%以上都有市场营销博士PhD in Marketing，看一个统计数据：综合前60位的学校，只有19个没有市场营销博士：除了普林斯顿、加州理工、达特茅斯学院、约翰霍普金斯、布朗大学（没有商学院）、圣母大学、乔治城大学、塔夫茨大学、维克森林大学、威廉玛丽学院、里海大学、加州大学圣地亚哥分校、布兰迪斯大学、波士顿学院、伦斯勒理工、杜兰大学、加州大学圣芭芭拉分校、加州大学戴维斯分校、伍斯特理工学院；其中有些是商学院不设博士学位的。
市场营销博士经常和管理、金融、会计、物流管理、管理信息系统、经济学博士一起出现在商学院。
那现在咱们来PhD in Marketing看看研究些什么？★Yale University耶鲁大学耶鲁管理学院一、简介耶鲁管理学院成立与1976年，在金融、综合管理专业教学一流，每年超过1000人申请。
招生办从三方面评价申请者：1．学习能力和潜力；2．处理复杂实际的管理问题的灵感和能力，决策能力及与高效率协同工作或领导工作的能力；3．反映实现有效率的管理这种社会关键的活动的个人和职业目标。
二、培养目标研究型的学位，主要为大学培养研究型人才。
教授们的研究主要是建立市场模型帮助了解消费者喜好、营销和竞争策略，包括网络营销策略、新产品扩散、消费者行为、消费行为心理学。
有些学生研究数学模型、策略选择对公司行为的影响，有些研究行为科学来解释消费者的选择。
因此，我们需要学生具备很好的行为科学和数学、统计分析能力。
学生们经常选经济学院、心理学院、统计学院的课，还有部分社会学、政治科学、法学院的。
有2大方向：行为学方向、数学方向consumer behavior track (psychology-based) 消费行为学——基于心理学消费者行为心理学，消费者如何决定，如何对市场刺激作出反应。
Marketing Research
Marketing ResearchA research study to deteminehow to design a travel planSchool: Jilin University Of Finance & Economics Department: International MarketingGroup member: 付嘉,廖悦眉,肖明晓,罗正文,张萌,牛俊艳,王艳Student ID: 08071001 ( 36 , 19 , 29 , 08 , 32 , 06 , 16 ) Date : December , 2012Table of ContentsIntroduction (2)Background (2)Research Objectives (2)Limitations of the Study (2)Method (3)Method for collecting data (3)Sampling methods (3)Data analysis method (3)Findings and analysis (4)Definition of the informant (4)Attitude towards travelling (5)Motivation of travelers (7)Destination of travelers (7)Information (8)Tourism related matters (9)How long (9)When (10)Who would you like to travel with (10)How often (11)How much (11)The choice of transport (12)How far would you like to go (13)Where would you like to live when you travel (13)Main consideration for travel (14)The different attitude about travel between male and female. (15)The partner choice between male and female (15)Grade * State (16)Expenses* Transportation (16)Conclusions and Recommendations (18)Conclusions (18)Recommendations (18)IntroductionBackgroundIn recent years, the number of students’ self-service travel is increasing, however,the number of organized tour is falling; Jilin Comfort International Travel Service Co., Ltd. wants to understand the reasons for this situation, in order to design a better tourism projects to meet the travel needs of the students, which occupied the market for the company, to gain more benefits.Research ObjectivesTo predict the attitude of the Undergraduates on TravelingTo forecast college students consumption level in different travel servicesTo predict the important elements of the college students in the process of travel servicesTo identify college students' choice of tourist destinationsTo identify the purpose of university students travelLimitations of the StudyThe sample size is too small, the survey may not be representative. Haven't been able to survey all the universities.Grade of students surveyed are uneven, most of them are juniors. The representativeness of the data analysis is weak, because we only adopt the descriptive analysis and cross-analysis.MethodMethod for collecting data :Quantitative researchSampling methods:Random samplingDefinition of the Population:All the college students in Jilin Province. Sample Size: 50Sampling frame : Jilin Province Department of EducationSampling Unit:Jilin university studentsData analysis methodDescriptive analysis of data : Frequency analysisFindingsand analysisDefinition of the informantThis Survey contains 50 questionnaires.56% were male, women accounted for 44% ;Freshmen accounted for 4%, sophomores accounted for 24%, and 70% juniors ,2% seniors . The results showed that the majority of the informant are juniors.Attitude towards travelling72% of the informant are feel like to go out on a tour , these are the main target customers to the travel agency ,20% of the informant does not like to travel , even though,they could also be the potential customers.Have no time for college students in tourism is the biggest influence factors, and the second factor is cost too much. so the travel agency should choose the right time and try to lower the price for them ,in order to attract themGeneral state of holidaysNearly half of all college students are free during the holidays ,so the travel agency can choose suitable and special travel plans for college students.Motivation of travelersThe arrangement of the tourist attractions should mainly choose places that have a beautiful view of scenery. And the second option can be somewhere that can be relaxing, and have entertainment facilities such as park scenic spotsDestination of travelersUniversity students' tourist sites should mainly be the natural scenery , second is the scenic spots and historical sites.InformationCollege students always get travel information from the internet or heard from their relatives or friends, so the travel agency can put the advertisement mainly on theinternet ,besides they can also make some fan or some other practical small objects then give them to the customers who participate in the activities before ,so that their relaties or friends can know about the travel agency.Doutbt about the travel websiteMore than half of the respondents believed that the the travel site is less of safety, which is a major obstacle restricting network marketing.soAbout the construction of tourism website ,the travel agency should highlight the safetymanagementandperfectservice .in addition it also should be attractive,can let a person have desire.Tourism related mattersHow longMost students control their travel time in three or less than three days ,the longest is no more than a week, so it can provide a reference for travel agencies to develop travel schedule.The travel time of the college students shoule be controlled within a weekWhenMost of the students are willing to travel in the May Day, National Day period, thiswill be an important time for travel agencies to profit.Who would you like to travel withCollege students prefer to travel with some friends or lovers, so the travel agency candesignaspecialcorresponding travel route.How oftenThe majority of customer groups every year five times less travel, travel agents should be reasonable arrangements for travel time, strive to attract new customers and retain the customer base. How muchThe tourism spending gradient should be mainly in 500-2000 yuan .The choice of transportTravel vehicles should mainly be trains, and the motor car can also take a small part, because train saves more money. However, those who would like to spend more than ¥3000 are also willing to take the plane.How far would you like to goThe travel destination should be cities that surrounding the city where the university in or some cities that far away in the countryWhere would you like to live when you travelNo matter how much does the collegestudents pay, they are more willing tostay in family hotel. In addition tofamily hotel the one who would like tospend more than ¥3000 are also willingto choose the star hotel. In contrastthe one who doesn’t want spe nd morethan ¥3000 has no willingness to livein star hotel.Main consideration for travelForm the table and the figure we can see that security always come first then the cost ..The different attitude about travel between male and female.In contrast, boys seems more busy, but they are also more like to travel The partner choice between male and femaleThe partner choice basically the same between male and female Grade *StateExpenses* TransportationIn addition to the train the one who would like to spend more then ¥3000 are also willing to take the plane.Conclusions and Recommendations ConclusionsDevelop the college students travel market is entirely feasible. According to the characters of the college students’ life and study, traffic agency should develop appropriate tourist project. College students’ travel will certainly form a "blowout" tourism boom. The potential economic benefits must be excited to form a certain scale.Recommendationsenhance the added value of the traditional touristcombined with network technology to the formation of the new model of college students travelaccording to the demand for college students launched tourism products，we can design a tout to the other university for the university students as tourist attractions, to understand other university’s history, strengths and so on.Marketing in the campus.According to the characteristics of college students' access to information sources, tourist destination and the tourist enterprises should set up the new marketing concept. First in the college students' internal set up fixed tourism brand, to spread tourism culture, cultivate long-term and fixed market. In the transmission of the characteristics of strong, as long as the enterprisespreliminary get most of the college students' identity, can, on this basis, expanding influence and gain greater market. Then through the network technology help deepen the campus marketing effect and span. College students always get travel information from the internet or hear from their relatives or friends, so the travel agency can put the advertisement mainly on the Internet, in addition, they can also make some fan and small presents, then give them to the customers who participate in the activities before ,so that their relatives or friends can know about the travel agency.The arrangement of the tourist attractions should mainly choose places that have a beautiful view of scenery. And the second option can be somewhere that can be relaxing, and have entertainment facilities such as park scenic spots.。
哥伦比亚大学经济学硕士项目详细介绍
哥伦比亚大学经济学硕士工程详细介绍哥伦比亚大学经济学硕士工程详细介绍哥伦比亚大学简介简称哥大，位于美国纽约曼哈顿，是一所私立研究型大学、美国大学协会的十四所创始院校之一，也是常春藤盟校之一。
哥伦比亚大学拥有世界一流的法学院、商学院、医学院、新闻学院、国际关系学院、工程学院等。
哥大新闻学院颁发的普利策奖是美国新闻界的最高荣誉。
哥大是美国重要的研究机构之一，创造了脑机接口、激光、微波激射器、核磁共振。
完成果蝇实验成为现代遗传学的起。
证明地球板块构造学说。
二战时，____的曼哈顿方案诞生在哥大。
哥伦比亚大学名列2023U.S. News美国最正确大学排名第2名、2023U.S. News 世界大学排名第6名、2023软科世界大学学术排名第8名。
Master of Arts in Economics经济学硕士该工程每年招生75-85人，属于STEM工程，国际学生可以有额外的24个月的OPT时机。
该工程要求学生在3个学习内完成8门核心课程，以及至少9学分的选修课程，学生可以选择经济系之外其他院系的课程。
核心详细安排如下：Fall Semester：Ø Mathematical Methods for EconomistsØ Microeconomic Analysis IØ Macroeconomic Analysis IØ Econometrics ISpring Semester：Ø Microeconomic Analysis IIØ Macroeconomic Analysis IIØ Econometrics IISecond Fall Semester：Ø Research in Economics可选的选修课程包括：Ø GR5218 Advanced MicroeconomicsØ GR5220 Advanced MacroeconomicsØ GR5311 Economic Policy AnalysisØ GR5415 Advanced EconometricsØ GR5711 Financial EconomicsØ GR5911 International EconomicsØ GR5110 Fieldwork in Economics完成工程学习之后，学生将掌握进展应用经济学研究的工具，学生有才能：Ø通过定量的方法来解决经济问题Ø使用复杂的经济工具构建和测试经济模型Ø在业界找到高薪岗位Ø申请博士工程毕业生的就业行业和岗位主要有管理咨询类，经济资咨询类，金融机构，科技类企业，以及政府部门，中央银行和国际组织等，比方：埃森哲，贝恩资本，麦肯锡，AIG，高盛，瑞银，富国银行，中信集团，中金，中信证券，平安，中国人民银行，万达集团，华为等。
美国硕士留学费用究竟需要多少
美国硕士留学费用究竟需要多少美国硕士留学费用究竟需要多少美国留学费用一直是申请者关注的焦点，对于申请硕士的学生来说，更应该要考虑。
下面为大家准备了一些美国硕士留学费用，欢迎大家阅读!根据大学所在地(一般而言，我们把美国城市按照生活指数分为4级)第1级：指美国特大城市，如旧金山、纽约、费城、洛杉矶、波士顿、迈阿密、夏威夷、芝加哥、华盛顿首府等，其生活费为USD1，000～2，000/月。
(不包括买车、外出旅行、电话和娱乐等额外消费，以下类同。
)第2级：指美国大城市，如匹兹堡、西雅图、拉达斯、亚特兰大、奥斯汀、底特律等，其生活费为USD800～1000/月。
第3级：指美国南部、中西部、东南部一些州，如德州、威斯康星州，依利诺州、密歇根州、犹他州、科罗拉多州、乔治亚州、弗吉尼亚州、北卡罗来纳州等，其生活费为USD600～800/月。
第4级：俄克拉荷马州、密苏里州、路易斯安纳州、南卡罗来纳州等，其生活费为USD450～600/月。
根据大学性质(公立大学的收费一般低于私立大学。
一般私立大学学费每年约为USD25000～35000，一般公立大学学费每年约为USD10000～20000。
)美国硕士研究生学费和费用如下：一般私立大学：法学院、医学院、商学院和工学院，学费每年约为USD28，000～35，000社会科学院，学费每年约为USD25，000～30，000文科学院，学费每年约为USD25，000～32，000一般公立大学：法学院、医学院、商学院和工学院，学费每年约为USD13，000～20，000社会科学院，学费每年约为USD11，000～17，000文科学院，学费每年约为USD9，000～14，000学年各项费用预算：在做大学计划时，需要对选择的学校作一个费用预算，总预算应包括每个学年的各项费用，以下所列数据仅供参考。
学费和杂费：$20，000-$35，000学费是以一个学年计算，约从每年9月到来年5月，共9个月;有些大学还提供暑期课程(6月-8月)。
Market-research(ppt文档)
Market(ing) Research: Definition
The systematic design, collection, analysis and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation facing the organisation
research women’s sizes • 50,000 measurements taken • Women have “thicker waists, lower
busts and conical figures” • Shape of clothes was changed • Returns down to 27% (vs industry
•Result: new cover designs commissioned and in the first year sales rose 40%
Research at N.Brown
• High rate of returns in 1993 • Manchester University paid £100k to
HarperCollins found sales of Agatha Christie novels declining in 1985
•Quantitative & qualitative research commissioned
•Readers liked “niceness” of the crimes, but covers were gruesome and bloody
92 91 89 87 87
Pricing studies
王晓茹博士经济学家–CRA经济咨询公司，波士顿特聘经济学家和高级
王曉茹博士經濟學家–CRA經濟咨詢公司，波士頓特聘經濟學家和高級研究員–對外經濟貿易大學競爭法中心，北京美國律師協會國際法分會中國委員會聯席主席，國際反壟斷委員會副主席王曉茹博士是CRA經濟咨詢公司（Charles River Associates）的經濟學家，同時擔任對外經濟貿易大學競爭法中心的特聘經濟學家和高級研究員。
她主要從事與合並審查，知識產權，縱向限制，排他性行為，價格壟斷，等反壟斷經濟分析，以及訴訟案件的賠償損失評估。
她有廣泛的行業經驗，參與過多個行業的案件和調查，其中包括醫療保健、高科技、金融市場、制藥、航空以及消費品行業。
王曉茹博士向美國以及中國的反壟斷政府機構提交經濟分析報告，並經常就反壟斷問題用中文和英文發表文章和講話。
她還在美國國會聽証會上就反壟斷問題提供意見。
王曉茹博士擁有與亞洲監管機構共事的廣泛經驗。
她曾在中國反壟斷機構匯報案件的經濟分析研究，並為客戶的跨境業務包括涉及合並審查，反壟斷調查以及反壟斷訴訟的案件中提供咨詢服務。
王曉茹博士的客戶遍及亞洲、北美洲和歐洲。
她熟悉不同國家的文化和法律制度的差異，並為客戶在跨國界反壟斷問題中所面臨的挑戰提供切實可行的咨詢和建議。
王曉茹博士在美國芝加哥大學取得經濟學博士學位，在中國北京大學獲得經濟學學士學位。
她的母語是中文，並且英文流利。
王曉茹博士活躍於美國律師協會。
她同時擔任美國律師協會國際法分會中國委員會聯席主席以及國際反壟斷委員會副主席，並且是反壟斷分會的成員。
王曉茹博士榮獲美國律師協會國際分會2014年度委員會合作杰出獎。
近期發表演講∙“知識產權和標准化：規則、影響和未來”，在IEEE-SIIT第9屆信息產業的標准化和創新國際會議上參與專家討論，2015年10月，硅谷∙“公平合理無歧視（FRAND）的許可費率”，在中國知識產權法協會舉辦的知識產權和反壟斷論壇上參與專家討論， 2015年9月，北京∙“中國的創新和知識產權政策的新視角：証據如何說？”在 University of California, San Diego和美國專利商標局舉辦的會議上發表演講，2015年5月，聖地亞哥∙“中國反壟斷和知識產權往哪裡去？”, 在美國律師協會反壟斷分會第63屆春季會議上參與專家討論， 2015年4月，華盛頓∙“經濟學和經濟証據在不同體系之下的應用”, 在George Mason Law Review 舉辦的第18屆全球競爭法論壇上發表演講, 2015年2月，華盛頓∙“中國反壟斷執法的法律依據及監管背景”，在美中經濟與安全審查委員會召開的“中國的外商投資環境”國會聽証會上作証，2015年1月，華盛頓∙“從經濟學視角分析互聯網的競爭問題”，在中國工業與信息化部舉辦的“第三屆知識產權、標准和反壟斷法國家會議”上發表演講，2014年12月，北京∙“並購：本土化及全球化思考”，在紐約大學法學院和Concurrences聯合主辦的“新興與發展中國家反壟斷會議”專家討論上參與專家討論， 2014年，紐約∙“標准必要專利許可中的競爭問題”，在台灣公平貿易委員會發表演講，2014年8月，台北∙“從經濟學視角分析高科技產業中的競爭問題”，在中華經濟研究院發表演講，2014年8月，台北∙“標准必要專利與專利主張實體的新發展”，在美國律師協會反壟斷分會專家討論中發表演講，2014年7月∙“反壟斷在亞洲：中國--會議中的收獲”，在美國律師協會國際法分會的進行行專家討論，2014年6月∙“高科技產業中反壟斷訴訟的熱點問題”和“最惠國待遇條款案件的競爭分析”，在中國最高人民法院和對外經濟貿易大學合辦的“2014反壟斷法民事訴訟論壇”上進行專家討論，2014年5月，北京∙“濫用市場支配地位和反壟斷與知識產權的交叉”，在美國律師協會反壟斷法分會舉辦“反壟斷在亞洲：中國”會議上主持專題討論，2014年5月，北京∙“中國高科技產業中的縱向問題”，主持一場美國律師協會國際法分會、知識產權法分會的專題討論，2014年3月∙“互聯網產業的經濟學問題”，在對外經濟貿易大學舉辦的“信息與通訊技術行業中的濫用市場支配地位國際會議”上參與專家討論，2014年1月，中國，珠海∙“公平合理非歧視原則在亞洲的適用”，在美國律師協會知識產權分會進行專家討論，2013年11月∙“橫向並購審查的經濟學分析”，在湖南大學第一屆競爭法國際研討會上發表演講，2013年9月，長沙∙“反托拉斯問題中的經濟學重點”，在美國律師協會國際法部的首次中國獨立會議中進行演講並擔任大會籌備聯合主席，2013年9月，北京∙“中國商務部並購審查的經濟學分析”，在第五屆中國反壟斷法年會之“並購審查”主題討論上發表演講，2013年7月，北京∙“中國並購救濟的新發展”，在美國律師協會反托拉斯法部和國際部的專題討論上進行專家討論，2013年7月∙“知識產權和反壟斷法的相互影響：中美比較”，在美國商會組織的專家研討會上發表演講， 2013年6月, 華盛頓∙“反壟斷法的問題與展望：中美比較視閾”，在喬治華盛頓大學法學院召開的會議上進行的專家討論，2013年5月，華盛頓∙“解決中國在全球並購審查中的困惑”，在美國律師協會中國委員會和國際反托拉斯委員會舉辦的專家研討會上發表演講，2012年11月∙“與經濟學專家一起研究案件”，美國律師協會經濟委員會、聯合行動委員會、青年律師部反托拉斯法委員會組織的專家項目研討，2011年7月主要發表文章∙黃勇，王曉茹，張昕，“中國反壟斷法下的關鍵設施原則及其在知識產權領域的適用”，喬治梅森法律評論，即將出版，2015V ol. 22 (5) (英文)∙王曉茹，“中國反壟斷並購審查中的經濟分析”, 競爭政策研究, 2015年8月V ol. 1∙王曉茹，Harry Foster，“從經濟學角度看標准和FRAND原則在中國的執行”，反托拉斯執法雜志，2015年6月(英文)∙王曉茹，“從經濟學角度看高科技產業中的競爭問題”，經濟前瞻，2015，1（157）∙王曉茹，“中國商務部並購審查的經濟學分析概況”，美國律師協會並購委員會：門檻，2014年秋(英文)∙王曉茹，Ben Stearns，“專家視角：同四個或更多的競爭者的並購執法”，反托拉斯法實務，2014年5月(英文)∙黃勇，王曉茹，“橫向並購中單邊效應的經濟分析”，價格理論與實踐，2013（10）∙王曉茹，Joanna T sai ， Sandra Chan ，“中國背景下的並購救濟”，CPI Antitrust Chronicle ，2013年8月 (英文)∙王曉茹，“評估橫向並購競爭損害的經濟學方法”，反托拉斯法實踐，2013(英文)∙王曉茹，Sharon Pang，“論2012年中國商務部的競爭分析：經濟學視角”，CPI Antitrust Chronicle，2013年2月(英文)∙Joanna T sai，王曉茹，“中國的並購審查：競爭分析的概述”，美國律師協會：實時通訊，2012(英文)∙王曉茹，“2011年舉報賠償案件（Qui T am）的趨勢及2012年的展望”，法律360,2012年2月8日(英文)∙Glenn Mitchell，王曉茹，“中國強調經濟學分析在批准希捷收購三星硬盤交易中的作用”，熱點問題，2012年1月(英文)∙王曉茹，“舉報賠償案件（Qui Tam）的趨勢”，法律360，2011年7月26日(英文)∙Alision Oldale，王曉茹，“一知半解亦為害：黃頁產業中的價格控制”，歐洲競爭法評論，2004年10月(英文)榮譽與獎勵∙美國律師協會國際分會2014年度委員會合作杰出獎∙社會科學研究委員會應用經濟學獎，1999—2000∙芝加哥大學世紀獎學金，1995—1998∙芝加哥大學遠東獎學金，1995—1998。
美国约翰霍普金斯大学硕士研究生教育特点探寻
美国约翰·霍普金斯大学硕士研究生教育特点探寻邹青美国第一所研究型大学约翰·霍普金斯大学(The Johns Hopkins University)成立于1876年，同年该校设立了研究生院，这是美国研究生教育形成的标志。
本文旨在通过对约翰·霍普金斯大学硕士研究生教育的起源、理念和特点进行研究，探寻美国硕士研究生教育的形成与发展模式，以期进一步探索越来越普及的国内硕士研究生教育的特点及其发展趋势。
霍普金斯大学作为西半球第一所研究型大学,是仿照威廉·洪堡等人所倡导的以柏林洪堡大学为代表的德国大学模式所建立的研究教育机构。
同时，霍普金斯大学也是美国第一所以讨论班方式授课、第一所分专业录取本科生的大学，其理念和模式对后来的美国大学产生了巨大的影响。
作为一所世界顶级的著名私立大学，霍普金斯大学是美国大学协会(Association of American Universities，简称AAU，亦译为北美大学联盟)的创始校之一。
美国国家科学基金会(National Science Foundation, United States)连续33年将该校列为全美科研经费开支最高的大学。
截止目前，该校的教员与职工共有36人获得过诺贝尔奖。
作为一所专注于扩展知识、研究生教育和鼓励研究风气的新式研究型大学，霍普金斯大学拥有怎样的研究生教育体系？随着时代变迁，霍普金斯大学的研究生教育历经了怎样的变化？霍普金斯大学创立之时，美国的研究生教育非常的落后，该校第一任校长丹尼尔·吉尔曼（Daniel Gilman）认识到，必须建立并改进美国研究生教育制度。
他率先把重点放在研究生教育上，强调本科教育与研究生教育相结合才能更有利于促进学校科研的发展，为社会提供高素质的人才。
为了保证研究生教育制度的实施，他采取了以下的办法：首先，抓好本科生的教育工作。
其次，推行“访问讲座制”。
让社会上的著名学者来校做讲座，这样既解决了本校教师的不足，又把各种思想引进自己的学校。
journal of marketing research 投稿经验
journal of marketing research 投稿经验Journal of Marketing Research(JMR)是市场营销领域的重要学术期刊之一，以下是投稿JMR的一些经验和建议：1. 确定主题：JMR 接受各种与市场营销相关的主题，如消费者行为、营销策略、市场研究方法等。
在投稿之前，请确保您选择的主题是JMR所接受的，并且您已经阅读了该期刊中已发表的相关论文。
2. 撰写论文：JMR要求论文结构清晰、逻辑性强、论证严谨，且论文必须使用英文撰写。
在撰写论文时，请注意以下几点：- 确保您的论文符合JMR的格式要求，如字数、引用格式等。
- 论文应具有可读性，避免使用过于复杂或冗长的句子。
- 论文需要有足够的理论基础和实证支持，避免仅凭主观意见或缺乏理论基础的实证研究。
3. 准备材料：JMR要求提交完整的论文、摘要、关键词和作者简介等材料。
请确保您提交的所有材料都符合期刊要求，并使用正确的格式。
4. 选择审稿人：JMR要求作者选择合适的审稿人，以保证审稿的专业性和客观性。
在选择审稿人时，请考虑以下因素：- 审稿人应具有相关的学术背景和专业知识。
- 审稿人应熟悉JMR的格式要求和评审标准。
- 审稿人应能够为您的论文提供有价值的反馈和建议。
5. 提交论文：JMR接受在线投稿，作者需要按照期刊的要求提交论文和材料。
在提交论文后，作者将收到确认邮件，并可以在期刊官网上跟踪论文的状态。
6. 等待审稿：JMR的审稿周期较长，通常需要数月时间。
在等待审稿期间，作者需要耐心等待，并做好对审稿意见的回应和修改工作。
7. 修改论文：JMR要求作者根据审稿意见进行修改，并提交修改后的论文。
在修改论文时，请注意以下几点：- 修改后的论文应符合JMR的格式要求。
- 修改后的论文应充分考虑审稿意见，并进行相应的修改和完善。
- 修改后的论文应保持其原有的风格和结构，并尽可能保留原始数据和结果。
总的来说，投稿JMR需要有充分的准备和耐心，同时也需要遵循期刊的要求和流程，以保证论文的专业性和可读性。
英美报刊文章阅读精选本第五版课文翻译
Lesson4 Is an Ivy League Diploma Worth It？花钱读常春藤名校值不值？1.如果愿意的话，施瓦茨（Daniel Schwartz）本来是可以去一所常春藤联盟（Ivy League）院校读书的。
他只是认为不值。
2.18 岁的施瓦茨被康奈尔大学（Cornell University）录取了，但他最终却去了纽约市立大学麦考利荣誉学院（City University of New York’s Macaulay Honors College），后者是免费的。
3.施瓦茨说，加上奖学金和贷款的支持，家里原本是可以付得起康奈尔的学费的。
但他想当医生，他觉得医学院是更有价值的一项投资。
私立学校医学院一年的花费动辄就要 4 万 5 美元。
他说，不值得为了一个本科文凭一年花 5 万多美元。
4.助学贷款违约率日益攀升，大量的大学毕业生找不到工作，因此越来越多的学生认定，从一所学费不太贵的学校拿到的学位和从一所精英学校拿到的文凭没什么区别，并且不必背负贷款负担。
5.Robert Pizzo 越来越多的学生选择收费较低的公立大学，或选择住在家里走读以节省住房开支。
美国学生贷款行销协会（Sallie Mae）的一份报告显示，2010 年至 2011 学年，家庭年收入 10 万美元以上的学生中有近 25%选择就读两年制的公立学校，高于上一学年12%的比例。
6.这份报告称，这样的选择意味着，在 2010 至 2011 学年，各个收入阶层的家庭在大学教育上的花费比上一年少 9%，平均支出为 21,889 美元，包括现金、贷款、奖学金等。
高收入家庭的大学教育支出降低了 18%，平均为 25,760 美元。
这份一年一度的报告是在对约1,600 名学生和家长进行问卷调查后完成的。
7.这种做法是有风险的。
顶级大学往往能吸引到那些已经不再去其他学校招聘的公司前来招聘。
在许多招聘者以及研究生院看来，精英学校的文凭还是更有吸引力的。
市场调研Marketing researchPPT精品文档
• Avoid negatives
• Avoid hypotheticals
• AvoiLeabharlann words that could be misheard
• Use response bands
• Use mutually exclusive categories
• Allow for ‘other’ in fixed response questions
Slide 6.5
Step 1: Define the problem
• Define the problem • Specify decision alternatives • State research objectives
5 Kotler, Keller, Brady, Goodman, Hansen, Marketing Management, 2nd edition © Pearson Education Limited 2013
Slide 6.6
Step 2: Develop the research plan
Data sources
Research approach
Research instruments
Sampling plan
Contact methods
6 Kotler, Keller, Brady, Goodman, Hansen, Marketing Management, 2nd edition © Pearson Education Limited 2013
Research instruments
➢ Questionnaires ➢ Qualitative measures ➢ Technological devices
美国芝加哥大学市场营销硕士专业申请要求
美国芝加哥大学市场营销硕士专业申请要求
学校名称：美国芝加哥大学(芝加哥) University of Chicago (Chicago)
所在位置：美国，5801 South Ellis Avenue Chicago, IL 60637 (773) 702-1234
创建时间：1890
QS排名：14
USNEWS排名：3
学费：42783
录取率：0.132
芝加哥大学University of Chicago
芝加哥大学市场营销系目前有全职教授近三十人，研究领域主要集中在消费者行为和经济定量分析法两个分支，具体包括：消费者偏好、消费者需求与决策、定价、促销、产品设计/定位和销售渠道管理等方向。
芝加哥大学市场营销系目前提供工商管理硕士和博士两级学位项目。
申请芝加哥大学市场营销系硕士需要提交以下材料：GMAT成绩、商学院申请表格、申请文书、本科成绩单、毕业证书、学位证书、两封推荐信和个人简历。
除此之外，国际学生还需要提交TOEFL或IELTS 成绩，博士申请者则需要提交GRE或GMAT成绩。
工商管理硕士分三轮申请，最终截止日期是3月10日，申请费为200美元。
博士申请的截止日期为1月1日，申请费为65美元。
学术英语(管理)含课后答案Unit2
Unit 2 Marketing
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Beyond text
—
4 Cs vs. 4 Ps With the birth of the Customer age in the 1990s Robert F. Lauterborn proposed the 4 Cs to replace 4 Ps.
In summary, marketing is: a) discovering and giving consumers what they want and need, and b) doing this at a profit.
Translate these definitions of Marketing.
The 4 Ps Theory in Marketing
• Professor Jerome McCarthy of Michigan State University wrote a book in the 1950s and defined the 4 Ps of marketing: product, place, price and promotion. • Prof. Philip Kotler of Northwestern University further established the 4P's theory of marketing mix in his 1967 book Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Control (1st Edition)
推出新产品歇业发货品牌经理电子商务网站unit2marketingtextbcriticalreadingandthinkingspecializedvocabularyvirtualtestdriveindepthadsglobalpowerhousebeautycarehealthcarehomecareheadquarterssuperiorproducts深度广告具有全球影响力的企业美容护肤品医疗保健品家用护理品企业总部虚拟试驾卓越产品unit2marketingtextbcriticalreadingandthinkingspecializedvocabularyproductdevelopmentglobalexpansionrangeofproductdominateacategoryiconicbrandsdiscountstoreproducttestinglocation全球扩张系列产品在某一品类中占据主导地位偶像级品牌折扣店产品测试试销试用等产品开发选址unit2marketingtextbcriticalreadingandthinkingspecializedvocabularyupccodeoffshoremanufacturingoutdoorbillboardstorewindowdisplaylogooverlybrandedsubbrands离岸制造户外广告牌橱窗展示标识徽标品牌建设过度的子品牌通用产品码
市场推广类大学生自我介绍英语
市场推广类大学生自我介绍英语Hello, my name is [Your Name] and I am a student majoring in Marketing at [Your University]. I am passionate about the world of marketing and advertising, and I am eager to apply my knowledge and skills in real-world settings.Throughout my academic journey, I have gained valuable insights into consumer behavior, market research, branding, and digital marketing strategies. I have also actively participated in various marketing projects and internships, where I have honed my skills in creating effective marketing campaigns and engaging with target audiences.I believe that my strong analytical skills, creativity, and attention to detail make me a valuable asset in the field of marketing. I am a team player who thrives in collaborative environments and enjoys brainstorming innovative ideas to drive business growth and brand recognition.In my free time, I enjoy keeping up with the latest marketing trends and developments, as well as exploring new ways to connect with consumers in a digital age. I am excited about the opportunities that lie ahead in the dynamic and ever-evolving world of marketing, and I am eager to contribute my enthusiasm and expertise to make a positive impact in theindustry.Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to further discuss how my skills and experiences align with the goals of your organization.。
霍哲(1)
2011年10月26日上午，国际著名公共管理专家——马克· 霍哲（Marc Holzer）教授，与学院师生共聚外经贸楼211-1会议室，举行了一场公共管 理和政府绩效主题的学术座谈会。公共管理学院政府绩效评估研究中心胡 税根教授主持了座谈会，参加本次会议的有新泽西州立大学（又名罗格斯 大学）公共事务和行政管理学院的张亚红副教授，浙江大学公共管理学院 的许法根副教授、韩昊英副教授和政府管理系吴金群副主任，以及公管学 院的博士和硕士研究生共20余人。 上午9：30点，在 大家一片欢迎的掌声 中，马克· 霍哲教授在 胡税根教授的陪同下， 来到了座谈会的现场， 并与大家亲切问候。 作为主持人的胡教授， 简单介绍了马克· 霍哲 教授，在场的每位师 生也热情地做自我介 绍。简短的熟悉后，
Holzer research has been recognized by both Rutgers and his peers. He was named a Rutgers Board of Governors Professor of Public Administration in 2006, and is a recipient of the university's Human Dignity Award. He received the Rutgers Board of Trustees Award for Excellence in Research (2001), and his national awards include the Charles H. Levine Memorial Award for Demonstrated Excellence in Teaching, Research and Service to the Community, 2000; the Donald Stone National ASPA Achievement Award, 1994; and the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration Excellence in Teaching Award, 1998.
市场调查用英语怎么说
市场调查用英语怎么说市场调查就是指运用科学的方法，有目的地、有系统地搜集、记录、整理有关市场营销的信息和资料，分析市场情况，了解市场现状及其发展趋势，为市场预测和营销决策提供客观的、正确的资料。
那么你知道市场调查用英语怎么说吗?接下来跟着店铺来学习一下吧。
市场调查的英语说法1：market research市场调查的英语说法2：market survey市场调查的相关短语：市场调查与预测 market research and forecasting市场调查研究员 Market research analysts班级市场调查组 Class market research group建筑市场调查 Construction Market Survey市场调查咨询经理 marketing research manager市场调查的英语例句：1. A market researcher called at the house where he was living.一位市场调查人员造访了他的住处。
2. Market research showed that 93% of the viewing public wanted a hit film channel.市场调查表明93%的观众希望有一个播放热门影片的频道。
3. A new all-woman market research company has been set up to find out what women think about major news and issues.一家清一色由女性组成的市场调查公司成立了，其目的是调查女性对于重大新闻事件的看法。
4. "What does your market research consist of?"— 'Well. the thing is. it depends on our target age group.'“你的市场调查有哪些内容?”“嗯，这个嘛，要视我们的目标年龄群体而定。
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boxes, hidden cameras
Focus on: Experiments
Experiments
• Involve manipulated independent variables
– provide insight into cause and effect
• Qualitative
– richness, depth of understanding – directional, not quantified results – depth interviews, focus groups
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Types of variables
• Independent variable
information as a byproduct of other activities
The Largest Market Research
Firms 2019
Firm
1997 Revenue 1997 Rank 1996 Rank
A C Nielson Corp $1,392MM
1
1
(20% US)
– collages – thick description – in-home observation
Market research: the bottom line
• Market research defined--reprise
– Collection and organization of information to be used for marketing decision making
A glossary of research terms
• Types of data • Types of studies • Type of variables
Types of data
• Secondary data
– collected for another purpose – there is always relevant data available – sources of secondary data
Architectural Digest 2019 Rate Card Survey: Last page
Focus on: Observation
Observation
• Data collected by recording information • Avoid bias from contact that influences
• Data collected with surveys and observation • Package design tests, ad copy tests, test
markets
Sampling: an aside
• Population • Census versus sample • Types of samples
• Reader’s Digest direct mail system
– tailored mailings based on expected response and expected profitability
– uses purchase data, survey data, purchased lists
$285
(75% US)
$268MM
(9 % US)
5
6
6
5
Source: Advertising Age May 25, 2019
Market research suppliers: types of services
• Custom research • Syndicated research
IMS Health
$981MM
(40% US)
2
2
IRI (Information Resources Inc.)
Nielson Media
$456MM
(80% US)
$359MM
(all US)
3
3
4
4
VNU Marketing Info. Services
Research International
Examples of market research problems
• Target market selection • Product studies • Pricing studies • Distribution studies • Promotion studies • Sales research
name tests
Focus on: Surveys
Surveys
• Data collected by asking questions • Art and science of asking questions • Descriptive technique that yields:
– averages: potato chip consumption – relationships: is potato chip consumption
Who does market research?
• Managers or market researchers in the firm producing the product (clients)
• Market research firms (suppliers) • Advertising agencies (agencies) • Organizations that produce market research
– purchase patterns and income
Focus on: Focus Groups
Focus groups
• Most frequently used qualitative method • Involves moderated group discussion • Typically 1.5 hours • Example usage: product concept testing,
• Primary data
– collected to answer the current question
Types of studies
• Quantitative
– quantity data: amounts, means, percentages – surveys, experiments, observation methods
• Market research, to be useful,
– focuses on manager’s problems – answers the right questions – affects decision making
observation, experiments • Sampling • Market research in 2019
What is market research?
• Collection and organization of information to be used for marketing decision making
related to age? to income?
Interviewer-administered questionnaires
• Personal interview surveys • Telephone surveys
Self-administered questionnaires
• Mail surveys • Fax surveys • Computer surveys
– a variable that has an effect on another – a predictor or explanatory variable
• Dependent variable
– a variable that is affected by another
• Examples:
• Provides linkages among:
– customer demos, media habits, purchases
• Split cable experiments
Market research in the late 1990s: brand anthropology
• Developing new ways to understand brand meaning in consumers
Market Research
Professor Lawrence Feick University of Pittsburgh
Outline
• Definition: what is market research? • Examples of market research problems • Who does market research? • Glossary: types of data, studies, variables • Focus on focus groups, surveys,
Avoid interviewer bias
Protect respondent an on ym ity
Radisson Hotels Customer Satisfaction Survey
Radisson Hotels Customer Satisfaction Survey