2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第82期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析B卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settleD.In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo does not work."
The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers5 rights.
1.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to（）.
2.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to（）.
3.The most effective complaint can be made by（）.
4.The phrase "live up to"(Line 1, Par1)in the context means（）.
5.The passage tells us（）.
问题1选项
plain personally to the manager
B.threaten to take the matter to court
C.write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase
D.show some written proof of the purchase to the store
问题2选项
A.a shop assist
B.a store manager
C.the manufacturer
D.a public organization
问题3选项
A.showing the faulty item to the manufacturer
B.explaining exactly what is wrong with the item
C.saying firmly that the item is of poor quality
D.asking politely to change the item
问题4选项
A.meet the standard of
B.realize the purpose of
C.fulfill the demands of
D.keep the promise of
问题5选项
A.how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item
B.how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
C.how to avoid buying a faulty item
D.how to deal with complaints from customers
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。

由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.”中文翻译为：“当消费者发现自己购买的物品有瑕疵或在其他方面达不到制造商所声称的那样时，首先应出示在某商场购买某商品的相关保单、记录或证明。

”可以得知D选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。

由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“A simple and common met hod used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled.” 中文翻译为“许多消费者使用的一种简单而普遍的方法是直接向商店经理投诉。

—般来说，消费者的投诉越高，问题就能越快得到解决。

”结合语境，B为正确答案。

3. 细节事实题。

由题干可以定位到文章中“Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements.” 中文翻译为“抱怨是最有效的，当它礼貌而坚定地进行时，尤其是当消费者能够证明所涉物品有什么问题时。

如果不能做到这一点，消费者最好通过提供具体信息来说明什么是错的，而不是做一般性的陈述。

”可以得知B选项符合题意。

4.词义猜测题。

由题干可以定位到文章中“When a consumer finds that an it em she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it.” 中文翻译为“当消费者发现自己购买的物品有瑕疵或在其他方面不像制造商所宣称的那样” 与前文的“faulty 瑕疵”都是表达商品的不达标。

A项“不辜负；达到……的标准”正确。

5.主旨大意题。

根据文章大意：顾客在购买了有瑕疵的商品后如何进行最有效的投诉可知B项“如何对有瑕疵的物品提出有效的投诉”。

2.
单选题
The politician is shrewd and deep; he was（）seldom on what he expected others to do for him. 问题1选项
A.transparent
B.explicit
C.prominent
D.conspicuous
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

A: transparent “透明的”；B: explicit “明确的；直言的”；C: prominent “突出的，显著地”；D: conspicuous “显著的”。

句意：这位政治家相当精明，城府深，他很少明确表示希望其他人能为他做些什么。

根据句意，B项最符合。

3.
单选题
The inauguration of the new president will be held at 8 o'clock（）.
问题1选项
A.sharply
B.right
C.prompt
D.punctually
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析题。

A: sharply “严厉地；锋利地”；B: right “立刻” ; C: prompt “迅速的；敏捷的”；D: punctually “准时地”。

句意：新总统的就职典礼将于8点准时举行。

根据前文“在八点”得知表示时间的准点，因此可知D为正确答案。

4.
单选题
Mechanization has gradually（）many of the ranching and agricultural jobs once available to the Indians, and few industries have been attracted to the area.
问题1选项
A.disposed
B.eliminated
C.discarded
D.terminated
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

A: disposed “处置”；B: eliminated “排除，消除；淘汰”；C: discarded “丢弃，抛弃”；D: terminated “结束；使终结”。

句意：机械化逐渐使印度淘汰了许多牧场和农业工作，而这地区很少吸引到工业。

结合此处语境，工业化应该是减少了农牧业工作，因此B为正确答案。

5.
单选题
The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest（） to everyone.
问题1选项
A.speculation
B.attribution
C.utilization
D.proposition
【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项speculation “思索，推测；做投机买卖”；B选项attribution “归属，归因”；C选项utilization “利用”；D选项proposition “主张，建议，陈述，命题”。

句意：英国的天气让人无法预测，因此它成为大家感兴趣和推测的对象。

根据句意，A选项正确。

6.
单选题
（）the advances of science the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.
问题1选项
A.As for
B.Except
C.Besides
D.Despite
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词。

A: as for “至于” ；B: except “除……之外”；C: besides “除……之外（还有）”；D: despite “尽管”。

句意：尽管科学不断发展，老年的疼痛无疑总是伴随着我们。

结合此处语境，D为正确答案。

7.
单选题
If I take this medicine twice a day it should（）my cold.
问题1选项
A.heat
B.cure
C.treat
D.recover
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

A: heat “使温暖，使发热” ；B: cure “治疗，治愈”；C: treat “对待；治疗”；D: recover “恢复；重新获得”。

句意：假如这种药我一天吃两次，它就可以治愈我的感冒。

结合此处语境，和感冒相关，故B为正确答案。

8.
单选题
The mayor is a woman with great and（）,therefore deserves our political and financial support.
问题1选项
A.intention
B.instinct
C.integrity
D.intensity
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项intention “意图，目的”；B选项instinct “本能，天性”；C 选项integrity “正直，完整”；D选项intensity “剧烈，强度”。

句意：市长是一位十分正直的女性，所以值得我们给予政治和经济上的支持。

A，B和D项不与with搭配，结合句意，C选项正确。

9.
单选题
（）the disappearance of the Mayan empire, there are still Mayans in the region in which they once inhabited. 问题1选项
A.Although
B.As
C.But
D.For
【答案】A
【解析】考查让步状语从句。

句意：尽管玛雅帝国消失，但是，他们曾经居住的地区仍然有玛雅人。

结合语境，“there are still Mayans仍然还有玛雅人”与“disappearance消失”是对比关系，后半句是完整的句子，故A为正确答案。

10.
单选题
The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally（）because of the bad weather.
问题1选项
A.set off
B.broke off
C.worn off
D.called off
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组。

A: set off “出发；（使）开始” ；B: broke off “突然停止”；C: worn off“磨损”；D: called off“取消”。

句意：原定于上星期五举行的运动会，由于天气不好，最终取消。

结合语境，可知D为正确答案。

11.
单选题
The rebirth of Japan from the ruins of World War II and its race to the year 2000 is the theme of Robert Guilian’s new book The Japanese Challenge. In developing this provocative subject, he has produced, practically, a manual that will be extremely helpful to anyone doing business with the Japanese. It is particularly recommended for the first-time visitor to the Land of the Rising Sun.
The analysis of the advance of modern Japan over the past 100 years since the Meiji era gives a most penetrating insight into the background and forces that have brought this fascinating country to where she now is the third economic power in the worlD.Will Japan become number one by the year 2000? This is the controversial question Guilian attempts to answer, and while doing so unfolds a composite chronicle of the factors that have contributed to Japan's amazing growth over the past twenty years, and that will support the drive toward the objectives of the next thirty years.
Mr. Guilian is the Far Eastern representative of Le Monde, and exhibits an intimate knowledge of the Japanese people and the reasons for their fanatical devotion to the doctrine of the past two decades; economic growth above all else. However, it fails to give full recognition to recent events that tends to question the ease with which the race will be run in the eighties and nineties. Japan is going through an evolution. We read in current newspapers about the Japanese housewife forsaking her traditional image of docility, and objecting to prices, quality, and service. The Japanese worker, who is becoming more offbeat has reached the point where he no longer wants to accept a low standard of living; even Japanese engineers have now been organized into collective bargaining groups. Japan is caught up in the spiral of wages rising more rapidly than productivity, and Japan of the Managers faces severe test as to whether an economic slowdown will prevail or the race will continue at the same unabated pace.
Mr. Guilian explains how the Government of the Managers has replaced the Government of the Generals, and has been able to maintain the national policy of industrial expansion and achieved "greatness without the bomb.” The Managers are convinced that in the future the only real power will be economic power, and that Japan cannot waste its strength in military battles or armament races.
He credits the leaders of the economy with early recognition of the fact that we will be bilged to live in a world that has been radically changed by the revolution of the highly scientific industries such as the petrochemical field and they quickly devoted the resources ceded for expansion in these capital-hungry industries.
He delves into the daring and unorthodox financial methods used by the Managers and the adventurous spirit of the bankers who are backed by the Bank of Japan. These policies supported the rapid acquisition of the latest patents, processes, and equipment, and the building of the most modern factories and plant. This has resulted in leadership in many segments of industry such as journalism, mass tourism, transportation, steel , ship-building, electronics, television, radio, cameras, watches, plastics, motorcycles, and perhaps on the horizon” automobiles. It is interesting to us chemical engineers and chemists that Mr. Guilian refers to huge ethylene production centers with their enormous towers and metal spheres as "the new shrines of the Japan of the year 2000, the prodigious temples of the god industry.”
The Japanese Challenge is recommended reading for those seeking an understanding of Japan, its history, politics, foreign policy, defense strategy, relations with Red China and Russia, Zaikai (big business groups), financial institutions, trading companies managers unions, educational standards, wage structure, technological developments, and the people themselves that keep the "bicycle economy" pressing onward in the economic race.
1.This article（）.
2.The reviewer's attitude towards the book is（）.
3.According to the author of this article（）.
4.According to the writer of the book the greatness without bomb will be achieved（）.
5.What is pr obably meant by “bicycle economy”?
问题1选项
A.is written by Robert Guilian.
B.is written by Martin M. Ramer.
C.is translated from French by Patrick O'Brian.
D.is written by Robert Guilian, translated by Patrick O5 Brian and reviewed by Martin M. Ramer.
问题2选项
A.skeptical
B.doubtful
C.that of approval
D.indifferent
问题3选项
A.productivity in Japan is developing more quickly than the wage raise
B.the wage raise and productivity are developing at the same speed.
C.the wage raise surpasses the production growth.
D.economic development will see a slowdown in the future in Japan.
问题4选项
A.through economic development at the expense of armament
B.through economic development in accordance with armament
C.through the replacement of the military government by the government of managers
D.through the implementation of correct policy in economic development
问题5选项
A.the development of bicycle industry
B.keeping the balance in the economic race
C.forging ahead in the economic race
D.independence and self-reliance in economic development
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。

通过题干关键词定位到原文第一句“The rebirth of Japan from the ruins of World War II and its race to the year 2000 is the theme of Robert Guilian’s new book The Japanese Challenge.”中文翻译：日本从第二次世界大战废墟中的重生及其到2000年的竞赛，这是罗伯特•吉利安新书《日本的挑战》的主题。

因此答案为选项A。

2.观点态度题。

通过题干定位到原文最后一段“The Japanese Challenge is recommended reading for those seeking an understanding of ...”，中文翻译：对于那些寻求理解……的人，《日本的挑战》推荐阅读。

可知最佳答案为C选项。

3.细节事实题。

根据选项内容定位到文章“Japan is caught up in the spiral of wages rising more rapidly than productivity.”，中文翻译：日本正处于工资增长速度超过生产率的螺旋上升中。

可知答案选择C“工资增长超过了生产增长”。

4.细节事实题。

根据题干关键词greatness without the bomb定位到文章 Mr. Guilian explains how the Government of the Managers has replaced the Government of the Generals, and has been able to maintain the national policy of industrial expansion and achieved "greatness without the bomb.” The Managers are convinced that in the future the only real power will be economic power, and that Japan cannot,waste its strength in military battles or armament races。

中文翻译为：吉利安先生解释了管理人的政府是如何取代将军政府的，以及如何能一直维持国家的工业扩张政策，实现“没有战争的伟大”。

管理者们相信，未来唯一的真正实力将是经济实力，日本不能在军事战争或军备竞赛中浪费自己的力量。

可知，D项符合题目描述。

5.词义猜测题。

根据题干可定位到原文“the people themselves that keep the‘bicycle economy’pressing onward in the economic race.”中文翻译为：那些在经济竞赛中继续推动“自行车经济”奋力向前的人。

综合可知。

C选项为正确答案。

12.
单选题
（）of this change is the appearance of the two books under review.
问题1选项
A.Indicative
B.Suggestive
C.Symptomatic
D.Expressive
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

A: Indicative “象征的；指示的；表明的”；B: Suggestive “提示的；暗示的”；C: Symptomatic “有症状的；症候的”；D: Expressive “表示的，有表现力的”。

句意：审查中的这两本书的出现反映了这个变化。

be indicative of “指示的；象征的；暗示的”,本句为表语前置，完全倒装。

因此A最合适。

13.
单选题
The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October,（）an outburst of interest.
问题1选项
A.flared
B.glittered
C.sparked
D.flashed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项flare“闪光，闪耀”；B选项glitter “闪闪发光，闪烁”；C选项spark “发动，激起”；D选项flash “闪光，闪现”。

句意：去年十月传到出版商那儿的215页的手稿激发起他们浓厚的兴趣。

根据句意，C选项正确。

14.
单选题
She was a great help to her family when her father suffered a mental（）and had to be hospitalized.
问题1选项
A.destruction
B.disaster
C.damage
D.collapse
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A: destruction “破坏，毁灭” ；B: disaster “灾难；不幸”；C: damage “损害”；D: collapse “崩溃；衰弱”。

句意：当她的父亲精神上受到伤害，不得不住院时，她对家人帮助很大。

根据句意，精神伤害应为mental damage，故C为正确答案。

15.
单选题
A new passenger liner is（）after through many hardships.
问题1选项
A.initiated
menced
unched
D.classified
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

A: initiated “开始；传授” ；B: commenced“开始；着手”；C: launched “发射；开展；使（船，尤指新船）下水”；D: classified “分类”。

句意：一艘新的客运班轮经过许多艰难困苦之后下水。

根据“passenger liner客轮”这一关键词可知C为正确答案。