牛津译林版8B Unit 2 Grammar (共52张PPT)

• I have had my breakfast.
• We have learnt English for 7years.
现在完成时的构成：
have/has + 动词的过去分词
注：动词过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化， 规则变化的动词过去分词与过去式是一样的，不 规则变化的动词须特殊记忆。
Game 2 : 火眼金睛－改错
• １. Where have you ever gone ? TheTaiwan ----Island .
been
• ２.We have been to the USA for many years . -• ３.-How many times have you been in Hong-shan Zoo ? -Twice .
Unit2 Traveling
Grammar
has known • 1.He _________ (know) the city since he was very young . Have seen • 2. _____ you ____ (see) my watch ? Yes,Isaw ___ (see)it on your desk five minutes ago . rained(rain) heavily . • 3. Last night ,it ______ did you _____ finish (finish) your work ? • 4. --When _____ -- Half an hour ago .
been to Great Wall twice. 3. Wehave _____________the It’s very beautiful.
have gone to /have been to
• I have been to Nanjing.我去过南京
（现在已经回来 在说话地方 回来了） • He has gone to Nanjing.我去南京了 （现在还没回来不在说话地方 没回来）
Exercises
• Tom 在哪儿？ 他去书店买书了。 -Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books. • 我在北京待了5年了。 I have been in Beijing for 5 years. • Jack 去过上海两次了 Jack has been to Shanghai twice.
• • • •
Exercises:
1 This TV programme started an hour ago.(be on) This TV programme has been on for an hour.
2 His father died two years ago.(be dead) His father has been dead for two years/since two years ago. 3 They joined the Chess Club a year ago.(be a member of) They have been a member of /been in the Chess Club for a year. 4 I borrowed the book about American history last week.(keep) I have kept the book about American history for a week. 5Peter bought the computer last year.(have) Peter has had the computer for a year/since last year.
before: 可用于各句式，位于句尾。
2）无标志词的：
e.g. He is not feeling well now. He has caught a cold.
I have lost the key. I can't go into my room.
3） so far, once/twice/ three times ,all one's life e.g. They have learnt 2000 words so far. Tom has seen the film twice. Her father has worked in the factory all his life. 4） in the past +一段时间 during the last +一段时间
曾经去过某地
到某地去了
在某地呆了多长时间
1. A: Where’s Jim, Li Lei? has gone to B: He ______________his school library.
been in 2. The Greens have _____________China for three years.
• 2.你曾经去过日本吗？没有，但我和我的父 母去过新加坡两次。
Have you ever been to Japan? No, I haven’t. But my parents and I have been to Singapore twice.
规则动词过去分词的构成
构成规则
1. 一般在动词后直接加-ed
例词
look play live hope stop
plan study carry
looked played lived hoped stopped
planned studied carried
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词， 直接加-d 3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的 重读闭音节词，先双写这 个辅音字母，再加-ed
4.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词， 先变“y”为“i”再加-ed
写出下列动词的过去分词：
work
like cry worked liked cried use used helped finished cooked arrived
help
finish cook arrive
stay
learn
stayed
e.g. They have built many high buildings in the past three years. Great changes have taken place in my hometown during the last two years
2. 表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作 或状态。
yet:
用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。 e.g. Have you found your lost book yet ? I haven't had breakfast yet. 多用于疑问句，问初次经历。 e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing? 用于否定句，位于have/has后 e.g. He has never argued with other people.
标志词:
1）for +一段时间
e.g. We have lived in this city for ten years.
2） since +过去点时间 since +一段时间+ago since +从句（从句用一般过去式）
e.g. He has worked here since 1990. She has taught in this school since two years ago. We have known each other since we met.
for or since
• • • • 1. We have lived here ____ since1990. 2. How long have you studied herefor ? ___ 5 years . 3. The boy has had a bad cold _____ since last night . 4. Mr. Huang has kept the books ______ a week since ago . since 5.I have taught in the school _____ I came here . 6.We have been friends for __ a long time . 7.We have been married since I was 25 years old. 8.The old man has been dead since ten years ago.
6 The rainstorm stopped the day before yesterday.(be over)
The rainstorm has been over for two days.
3. have / has been to
have / has gone to
have / has been in来自ever : never:
just :
多用于陈述句，位于have/has后 e.g. Lucy has just washed her clothes. e.g. I have read this book before. He hasn't been abroad before. Have you flown to Hainan before?
此外还有go, take, know, speak, swim等等。
现在完成时的用法：
1. 表示已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
1） 标志词: already: 多用于陈述句，位于have/has后，有时位于句末。
e.g. I have already finished my homework.
have been in a place for…
一直在某地或某地多长时间 She has gone to Nanjing . She has been in Nanjing for a week.
1、知道have/has been（to）、gone（ to）、been （in）三 之间的根本区别： have/has been to 表示当事人曾经去过某地 have/has been in 强调当事人在某地待过一段时间 have/has gone to 说话时当事人不在现场，去了某地 2、三者的常见用法 been (to) + 地点+次数 /ever never before been (in) + 地点 + 段时间/句子 gone (to) + 地点 already 3、共同点 当后跟地点是副词时，介词省略 have been/gone there
cost
read
3. ABA型 （过去分词与原形一致）
come become run came became ran come become run
4. ABB型 （过去分词与过去式一致）
bring find hear keep brought found heard kept brought found heard kept
learned
不规则动词过去分词的构成
1. 三个主要动词
is, am was were
be
are have/has do/does
been had
done
had
did
2. AAA型 （三者一致）
cut let put cut let put cut let put
cost
read
cost
read
to
in
• 4.- Where is your mother ?- She has been to ----America.
gone
• 1.我老师已经去上海了。他将一个星期之后 回来。 My teacher has gone to Shanghai. He will be back in a week.
make
made
made
此外还有leave, win, tell, spend, say，meet等等。
5. ABC型 （三者不一致）
eat ate eaten
give
write see get begin
gave
wrote saw got began
given
written seen gotten begun