英语五种基本句型详解
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英语句子可分为五种基本句型
1.Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
2. Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
3. Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语) 4. Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间 接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾 语) 5. Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾 语)+Complement(补语)
特别提醒
A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主 动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间 是被动关系。 B. 在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得), see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到), listen to (倾听),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等动词 后的宾语补足语如果为不定式, 则省掉”to”,但变为被 动语态时, 则要带”to”. e.g. We hear her sing next door. She is heard to sing next door .
句型一:主语+不及物动词
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念, 不需要宾 语及补语, 但有时可有副词, 介词短语等状语修饰语。 e.g. The rain stopped . The old man walks in the park .
句型一的扩展:
1.主语+不及物动词+状语 e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)
e.g. We are learning English .
Do you know him ? Your radio needs repairing .
句型四:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
_____
___
注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语 的后面常常接不定式结构
I'm happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.
句型三:主语+及物动词+宾语 及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语), 才可以表达一个完整的意念。
句型二 :主语+系动词+表语
系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名 词,介词短语等来补充说明主语
1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语) 2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语) __________ 3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语) _____ 过去分词做表语) 4.The question remained unsolved.( 5.The machine is _______ out of order.(介词短语做表语) _ 副词做表语) 6.The television was on.( 7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语) ____________ 8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语) _______ ___________ 9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语, 即:表语从句)
Give me the book, please.
特别提醒
A. 在此句型中, 通常是间接宾语(人)在前,直接宾语 (物)在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间 接宾语前应加上适当的介词。 e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her . Give the book to me , please . 直接宾语与间接宾语对调时,间接宾语前加介词to的动词 有: give, tell , lend , sell, teach , send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand 间接宾语前加介词for的动词有: buy, choose, get , make, order, sing, do , play
2. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式 e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停 下来稍作休息)
特别提醒
动词stop 可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动 词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表 示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时, 通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。
主语---系动词----表语
5.My father bought me a beautiful present.
主语---谓语---宾语---宾语
6.Why do you keep your eyes closed?
主语---谓语---宾语---宾语
7.Will you tell us an exciting story?
There be 句型
说明:此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成, 用以表达存在有。 它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于 谓语动词 be 之后。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一 致,有时态和情态变化。如:
现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were… 将来有 there will be…/there is /are going to be... 现在已经有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be... 肯定有 there must be …/there must have been... 过去一直有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
句型五:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 及物动词本身需要一个宾语外, 还需要一个名词, 形容词,副词, 动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语, 才能表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor. The news made us sad. She saw the thief steal into the shop . The teacher asked me to answer the question . I found the man stealing the money . I found my money stolen .
B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接 宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。 e.g. I handed it to our teacher . 不能说:I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时,可分为两种情况。 e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt . a. She was bought a skirt by her mother . b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
1. there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow, come,stand,sit,go, lie, remain, exist等不及物动 词:
Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door.
e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动 含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语 态。
1.The book sells well. 2.The window won't shut. 3.The pen writes smoothly. 4.Cheese cuts easily.
巩固性练习 请判断下列句子的结构类型
1.He is running.
主语---谓语 主语---loud voice from the upstairs made him angry. 3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions. 主语---谓语---宾语---宾语 4.She seemed angry.
主语---谓语---宾语---补语
主语---谓语---宾语---补语
8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
主语---谓语---宾语---补语
9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.
主语---谓语---宾语---补语
10.Can you push the window open?
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
2.谓语动词和主语保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room. 3.有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一 致: There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
1.Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
2. Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
3. Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语) 4. Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间 接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾 语) 5. Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾 语)+Complement(补语)
特别提醒
A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主 动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间 是被动关系。 B. 在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得), see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到), listen to (倾听),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等动词 后的宾语补足语如果为不定式, 则省掉”to”,但变为被 动语态时, 则要带”to”. e.g. We hear her sing next door. She is heard to sing next door .
句型一:主语+不及物动词
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念, 不需要宾 语及补语, 但有时可有副词, 介词短语等状语修饰语。 e.g. The rain stopped . The old man walks in the park .
句型一的扩展:
1.主语+不及物动词+状语 e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)
e.g. We are learning English .
Do you know him ? Your radio needs repairing .
句型四:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
_____
___
注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语 的后面常常接不定式结构
I'm happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.
句型三:主语+及物动词+宾语 及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语), 才可以表达一个完整的意念。
句型二 :主语+系动词+表语
系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名 词,介词短语等来补充说明主语
1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语) 2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语) __________ 3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语) _____ 过去分词做表语) 4.The question remained unsolved.( 5.The machine is _______ out of order.(介词短语做表语) _ 副词做表语) 6.The television was on.( 7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语) ____________ 8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语) _______ ___________ 9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语, 即:表语从句)
Give me the book, please.
特别提醒
A. 在此句型中, 通常是间接宾语(人)在前,直接宾语 (物)在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间 接宾语前应加上适当的介词。 e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her . Give the book to me , please . 直接宾语与间接宾语对调时,间接宾语前加介词to的动词 有: give, tell , lend , sell, teach , send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand 间接宾语前加介词for的动词有: buy, choose, get , make, order, sing, do , play
2. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式 e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停 下来稍作休息)
特别提醒
动词stop 可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动 词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表 示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时, 通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。
主语---系动词----表语
5.My father bought me a beautiful present.
主语---谓语---宾语---宾语
6.Why do you keep your eyes closed?
主语---谓语---宾语---宾语
7.Will you tell us an exciting story?
There be 句型
说明:此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成, 用以表达存在有。 它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于 谓语动词 be 之后。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一 致,有时态和情态变化。如:
现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were… 将来有 there will be…/there is /are going to be... 现在已经有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be... 肯定有 there must be …/there must have been... 过去一直有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
句型五:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 及物动词本身需要一个宾语外, 还需要一个名词, 形容词,副词, 动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语, 才能表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor. The news made us sad. She saw the thief steal into the shop . The teacher asked me to answer the question . I found the man stealing the money . I found my money stolen .
B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接 宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。 e.g. I handed it to our teacher . 不能说:I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时,可分为两种情况。 e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt . a. She was bought a skirt by her mother . b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
1. there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow, come,stand,sit,go, lie, remain, exist等不及物动 词:
Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door.
e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动 含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语 态。
1.The book sells well. 2.The window won't shut. 3.The pen writes smoothly. 4.Cheese cuts easily.
巩固性练习 请判断下列句子的结构类型
1.He is running.
主语---谓语 主语---loud voice from the upstairs made him angry. 3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions. 主语---谓语---宾语---宾语 4.She seemed angry.
主语---谓语---宾语---补语
主语---谓语---宾语---补语
8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
主语---谓语---宾语---补语
9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.
主语---谓语---宾语---补语
10.Can you push the window open?
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
2.谓语动词和主语保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room. 3.有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一 致: There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.