英语语法之虚拟语气

虚拟语气知识要点
一、语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事
情的看法和态度。

英语中有三种语气：
1.陈述语气：表示谓语动词表示的动作/状态符合客观现实。

2.祁使语气：表示号召、命令、建议、劝告、警告、禁止等。

3. 虚拟语气：表示动作/状态不是客观现实，而是愿望、假
设、推测等。

二、虚拟语气的构成
例：
○与将来的事实相反：
1.If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask
him some questions.
2.If there should be no air, there would be no living things.
3.If it wereto snow tomorrow, they couldn’t goout.
○与现在的事实相反：
1. If it rained now, I wouldnotgo shopping.
2. If I were a teacher, I wouldbe strict with my students.
3. If it werenot for their help, we shouldbe in a very difficult
position.
○与过去的事实相反：
1. If I hade yesterday, I wouldhaveseen him.
2. If we hadstarted earlier, we shouldnothavemissed the
train.
3. If she hadn’tbeen ill, she mighthavee.
***请注意三种特殊情况：
○上面的句子大多都可以改成倒装句，这时If就省略了，同学们要能识别出来。

如：
1. Should there be no air, there wouldbe no living things.
2. Were it not for their help, we shouldbe in a very difficult
position.
3. Had she not been ill, she mighthavee.
○错综时间条件句。

即，主句与从句所指的时间不一致。

1. If I were you, I wouldhavetaken his advice. (从句指现在，
主句指过去。

)
2. If I hadtaken my raincoat with me this morning,
I wouldnotbe wet now. (从句指过去，主句指现在。

)
○含蓄条件句。

即，虚拟的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中。

1. But for your advice, I couldnothavedone it so
successfully.
2. The change couldnothavetakenplace without the
open-door policy.
3. I was so busy then, otherwise, I wouldhavetold him the
answer.
4. We couldhavedone better under more favorable
conditions.
5. You shouldhavebeen here five minutes ago.
三、were 式虚拟
○It’s (about/high) time that … + 过去式
1. It’s time that I pickedup my daughter.
2. It’s high time we were going.
3. It’s high time that people learnt English.
○would/had rather that … + 过去式
1. I’d rather you went tomorrow.
2. I’d rather you were happy.
(***请注意：有时would rather 也会接过去完成时。

)
1.I’d rather you hadn’t said it.
2.I’d rather you had been present.
○
如：1. You looks as if you hadseen a ghost!
2. He talks as if he were an expert in economics.
3. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
(***请注意：as if/though 后的从句若表示真实情况时，用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。

如：It seems as if they know each other.)
○虚拟语气用在if only 引导的感叹句中，其后的时态根据具体情况而定。

如：
1. If only the driver didn’tdrive so fast!
2. If only I were a bird.
3. If only I hadtaken his advice.
○wish之后的虚拟语气较为复杂。

如：1. I wish I were you again.
2. I wish I couldhelp you.
3. My father wishes that he hadgone to university.
4. I wish I couldhavebeen there last year.
5. I wish that he wouldsettle down here.
四、be 式虚拟
○有些形容词之后的主语从句用should + 动词原形, should 可省略。

包括：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising, essential, imperative, advisable, desirable, possible, probable, astonishing, desired, suggested, requested, remended, ordered, proposal, decided, moved, incredible等。

如：
1. It is necessary that we(should) clean the room every day.
2. It will be desired/suggested/decided/ordered/requested
that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon.
○有些名词之后的主语从句用should + 动词原形, should 可省略。

如，It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you (should) be so careless.
○有些动词之后的宾语从句用should + 动词原形, should 可省略。

包括：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest, remend, plan, arrange, mand, require, think, expect, believe, suspect, urge等。

1. She suggested we (should) leave here at once.
2. The doctor ordered she (should) be operated.
○有些名词之后的表语/同位语从句用should + 动词原形, should 可省略。

包括：suggestion, proposal, plan,
motion, remendation, demand, order, desire, request,
requirement, insistence, advice, decision, idea等。

如：
1. My suggestion is that we (should) go there at once.
2. What do you think of the proposal that we (should) put
on a play at the English evening?
○for fear that, in case, lest等之后的状语从句用should + 动词原形, should 可省略。

如，He handled the instrument
with care forfear that it (should) be damaged.
***请注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”，suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。

如：
1. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied
with whatI had done for him.
2. He insisted that he was honest.
○I’m sorry/surprised/disappointed + 从句。

从句中的虚拟语气为“should + 动词原形”。

如;
I am sorry that he should bein such poor health.
真题回顾(共24题)
2004年（2题）
6. your advice yesterday, I would have missed the train.
A. Had I not taken
B. If I didn’t take
C. If I haven’t taken
D. Provided I didn’t take
25. It is high time that you the problem carefully about what
you will do in the future.
A. are studied
B. must study
C. studied
D. study
2005年（2题）
12. We are all for your proposal that the discussion .
A. be put off
B. was put off
C. will be put off
D. should put off
25. Mr. Smith would just rather we now, but we must go to
work.
A. not leave
B. d idn’t leave
C. are not to leave
D. won’t leave
2006年（5题）
23. I _____ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way. (含蓄条件句)
A. should arrive
B. would be arriving
C. could have arrived
D. arrived
29. I wouldrather you _____ to the party with her.
A. go
B. went
C. will go
D. has gone
33. It’shightime we _____ something to stop road accidents.
A. are doing
B. did
C. will do
D. do
35. It’s necessary that the problem _____ in some way or other.
A. is settled B has been settled
C. be settled
D. was settled
40. I wish you _____ here last night. All of us were waiting for
your arrival.
A. came
B. had e
C. e
D. will e
2007年（2题）
11. One of the requirements for a fire is that the
material to its burning temperature.
A. is heated
B. will be heated
C. be heated
D. would be heated
13. If he had been in better health, he more books.
A. can write
B. could have written
C. could write
D. have written
2008年（2题）
8.It’s high time about the traffic problem.
A. something was done
B. something is done
C. anything will be done
D. nothing to be done
21. I’m not surprised you failed the exam. You have worked
harder.(含蓄条件句)
A. should
B. must
C. would
D. ought
2009年（1题）
6. The teacher insisted that we our homework before 9
o’clock.
A. finished
B. had finished
C. finish
D. was finishing
2010年（2题）
10. I passed the test. I it without your help.
（含蓄条件句）
A. would not pass
B. wouldn’t have passed
C. didn’t pass
D. had not passed
20. It is necessary that he the task by the end of next week.
A. fulfill
B. will fulfill
C. will have fulfilled
D. fulfills
2011年（3题）
6. right now, she would get there on Sunday.
（虚拟语气的倒装）
A. Would she leave
B. If she leave
C. Were she to leave
D. If she had left
14. I don’t think it advisable that Tom to the job since he has
no experience.
A. is assigned
B. will be assigned
C. be assigned
D. has been assigned
37. for your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded.
（虚拟语气的倒装）
A. Hadn’t it been
B. Had it not been
C. If it had been
D. If it were
2013年（5题）
11. My advice is that she to apologize to him.
A. go
B. went
C. goes
D. has gone
15. If it too much trouble, I’d love a cup of tea.
（含蓄条件句）
A. isn’t
B. weren’t
C. wasn’t
D. hadn’t been
26. You didn’t take his advice. his advice,
you such a mistake.
A. Had you taken; wouldn’t have made
B. If you had taken; would make
C. Were you to take; shouldn’t have made
D. Have you taken; won’t have made
28. He asks that he an opportunity to explain why he’s refused
to go there.
A. is given
B. must give
C. should give
D. be given
29. I am sorry that he in such poor health.
A. are
B. shall be
C. were
D. should be
补充练习
1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.”“It’s time you .”
A. do
B. did
C. had
D. would
2. “I’ve told everyone about it.”“Oh, I’d rather you .”
A. don’t
B. hadn’t
C. couldn’t
D. wouldn’t
3. “Isn’t it about time you to do morning exercises?”“Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?”
A. begin
B. have begun
C. began
D. had begun
4. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if
I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
5. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise
he a goal.
A. had scored
B. scored
C. would score
D. would have scored
6. If only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not
suffer so much now.
A. lies
B. lay
C. had lain
D. should lie
7. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold
B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold
D. can freeze coldly
8. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she something she would regret later.
A. had said
B. said
C. might say
D. might have said
9. You didn’t let me drive. If we in turn, You so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get
B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
10. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if
it .
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
11. But for the help you gave me, I the examinations
A. would have passed.
B. would pass
C. wouldn’t have passed
D. wouldn’t pass
12. Zhang Lin was addicted to puter games during his last year
in high school, otherwise he a student of BeijingUniversity.
A. would have been
B. should be
C. has been
D. had been
13. ---- Any information about your son?
---- No. If only I those tough words to him.
A. didn’t say
B. hadn’t say
C. shouldn’t have said
D. couldn’t have said
14. It is important that we act out at once to protect the
environment.
A. would
B. should
C. will
D. can
15. John’s pale face suggested that he ill, and his parents
suggested that he a medical examination.
A. be, should have
B. was, have
C. should be, had
D. was, has
16. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he badly
wounded and that he at once.
A. should be; be operated on
B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated
D. was; be operated on
17. smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up
B. Had he given up
C. Did he give
D. If he gave up
18. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it
differently.
A. could express
B. would express
C. could have expressed
D. must have expressed
19. This printer is of good quality. If it break down within the
first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might
20. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think
we it without you.
A. can manage
B. could have managed
C. could manage
D. can have managed
（练习答案：BBCBDCADDC CABBBDBCBB）。