食品专业英语

17
Food English
Question for first paragraph
Which methods can be used to produce amino acids?
1. direct fermentation 2. biotransformation of precursors
excrete vt. 排泄；分泌 feedback 反馈
feedback inhibition 反馈抑制
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Neutral Nonpolar
Amino Acids
Food English
Amino Acid Glycine Alanine Valine Leucine Isoleucine Phenylalanine Tryptophan Methionine Cysteine Proline
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acyl acetyl
Food English
-yl 基
酰基 乙酰基
methyl 甲基 ethyl 乙基 propyl 丙基
group 基团
carboxyl 羧基 carbonyl 羰基
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Food English
EXERSICES
aminoacylase 氨基酰化酶 peptidase 肽酶 carboxymethyl- 羧甲基 ethyl alcohol 乙醇 tricarboxylic acid cycle
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TEXT
Food English
The first paragraph
They have a variety of uses as nutrients and flavours in the food and feed industries.
Table 1 indicates the annual demand, production methods and applications of amino acids in the food industry.
Cysteine 半胱氨酸←Methionine Tyrosine 酪氨酸 ← Phenylalanine Taurine 牛磺酸
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Food English
Indispensable (essential) amino acids (IDAA, EAA) 必需氨基酸
1. Isoleucine, Ile 异亮氨酸 2. Lysine, Lys 赖氨酸 3. Methionine, Met 蛋氨酸,甲硫氨酸 4. Valine, Val 缬氨酸 5. Leucine, Leu 亮氨酸 6. Tryptophan, Trp 色氨酸 7. Phenylalanine, Phe 苯丙氨酸 8. Threonine , Thr 苏氨酸
Cys C
[΄prəuli:n]
Pro P
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Neutral polar Amino Acids
Food English
Serine[΄seri:n] Threonine[΄ θri:ə ni:n] Tyrosine [΄tirəsi:n] Asparagine[æs`pərædзi:n] Glutamine [΄glu:təmi:n]
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TEXT
Food English
The first paragraph
Amino acids are produced using a range of technologies including direct fermentation, biotransformation of precursors, extraction of protein hydrolysates and chemical synthesis.
8
Food English
meta- 变化, 代谢
metabolic adj. 代谢作用的,新陈代谢的
metabolic rate 代谢率 metabolic activity 代谢能力 metabolic balance 代谢平衡
metabolite n. 代谢(产)物 metabolism n. 新陈代谢 metabolize v. 使代谢,使同化 metabolizable adj. 可代谢的
protein?
How many kinds of
essential amino acids in protein?
They are ???
20
8+1
5
Food English
New words
1. amino- 氨基的 amino group 氨基 -NH2 amino nitrogen 氨基态氮 amino acid
FOOD ENGLISH
Lesson 3 : AMINO ACIDS
Food English
Contents Questions
New words Text Exercises Homework
2
Food English
1 Which nutrients exist in food?
ANSWER is : Protein , Carbohydrate, Lipids, Water, Vitamins, Minerals
22
Food English
In this paragraph each production method had be made a brief
introduction.
Which method according to text may produce most types of amino acids??
using cells or enzymes
3. extraction of protein hydrolysates 4. chemical synthesis
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TFra Baidu bibliotekXT
Food English
The second paragraph
While fermentation or biotransformation processes have been developed for production of all amino acids except ..., not all of these processes are commercially viable.
关键酶
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Food English
Supplements
Essential amino acids (EAA) 必需氨基酸
Dispensable (nonessential ) amino acids (DAA, NEAA) 非必需氨基酸
Conditionally dispensable amino acids 条件非必需氨基酸
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TEXT
Food English
The second paragraph
Chemical synthesis is more economical for production of optically-inactive racemic mixture of D-and L-isomers,
iso- 等,同,异.(P126) isomer 同分异构体
在大量的生产中是可行的
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TEXT
Food English
The second paragraph
...are produced by purification of protein hydrolysates
purification 纯化 purifier 纯化装置 purify v. 纯化 purificant 净化剂
实际需要量
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野生种群
Food English
效应物
营养缺陷型突变体
Auxotrophic mutants, which lack the enzyme needed to form the regulatory effector metabolite (often the end product), may accumulate and excrete the metabolic intermediate which is the substrate for the eliminated enzyme
Dietary fiber (DF)
3
Food English
2 Which elements include in protein? carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen
Occasionally: sulphur
4
Food English
How many kinds of amino acids in
fermentation or biotransformation
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Food English
The last paragraph
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TEXT
Food English
代谢调节机制
终产物的阻 遏和抑制
Because of cell metabolic regulatory mechanisms, particularly end-product repression and inhibition, substantial levels of amino acids are rarely excreted by wild-type isolates.
TEXT
The first paragraph
Important amino acids with nonfood applications include Larginine, L-glutamine, Lhistidine, L-leucine, Lphenylalanine, L-tyrosine and Lvaline.
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Food English
2)New words precursor n. 前体；先驱 genus n. 种类、属
genera pl.
isolates n. 种群 mutant n. 突变异种 substrate n. 底物
ant. 终产物： end products
10
Food English
optical : 光学的 optically-inactive：无光学活性的
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TEXT
Food English
The second paragraph
氨基酰化酶
Processes involving amino acylase enzymes may be used to resolve these racemic mixtures.
底物
代谢中间物
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Food English
调节型突变体
End-product inhibition by the amino acid product of an unbranched biosynthetic pathway may be avoided by the development of regulatory mutants, (having an altered feedback-insensitive key enzyme, thus allowing accumulation of the particular amino acid).
15
Food English
Some phrases
flavour enhancer The first paragraph
风味加强剂
baking antioxidant
焙烤抗氧化剂
sweetener component
甜味成分
feed additive
食品添加剂
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Food English
Acidic A.A
Basic A.A
Aspartic acid Glutamic acid Lysine [΄laisi:n] Arginine [΄a:dзini(:)n] Histidine [΄histidi:n, -din]
Ser S Thr T Tyr Y Asn N Gln Q
Asp D Glu E Lys L Arg R His H
[glaisi:n]
Gly G
[ælə ni:n]
Ala A
[vali:n]
Val V
[lu:si:n, -sin]
Leu L
[aisəu′lu:si:n] Ile I
[ֽfenəl΄æləni:n] Phe P
[΄triptəfæn]
Try W
[me΄θai əni:n] Met M
[΄sistii:n]