2012年浙江工商大学信息学院830运筹学考研真题【圣才出品】
浙江工商大学研究生考试试题汇总
浙江工商大学研究生考试试题汇总一、名词解释——微观经济学部分1、稀缺替代效应价格歧视基尼系数2、宏观经济学价格效应完全竞争引致需求3、微观经济学恩格尔曲线垄断要素市场4、实证经济学吉芬商品垄断竞争双边垄断5、规范经济学总效用寡头地租6、机会成本基数效用自然垄断准租金7、边际分析序数效用斯威齐模型经济租金8、需求法则价格消费线古诺模型一般均衡9、收入效应收入消费线一级价格歧视局部均衡10、替代效应恩格尔系数二级价格歧视瓦尔拉斯定律11、需求曲线生产函数三级价格歧视超额需求12、供给法则生产要素交易费用布劳威尔不动点定律13、供给曲线短期产权契约曲线14、需求的变化长期科斯定理效用可能性边界线15、供给的变化边际产量不完备契约帕累托最优状态16、需求量的变化边际报酬递减规律企业制度帕累托最优条件17、供给量的变化等产量曲线委托-代理关系帕累托改进18、均衡等成本线激励机制生产可能性曲线19、需求弹性边际技术替代率机制设计福利经济学20、供给弹性规模报酬现代企业制度社会福利函数21、需求收入弹性规模经济非对称信息阿罗不可能性定理22、需求交叉弹性扩展线风险交换帕累托最优23、最高限价显性成本不确定性生产的帕累托最优24、最低限价隐形成本风险偏好市场失灵25、间接税正常利润风险中性外部性26、税收归宿经济利润逆向选择外部成本27、经济效率边际成本道德风险外部收益28、经济福利内在经济不对称信息科斯定律29、消费者剩余外在经济拍卖公共物品30、生产者剩余技术系数期望效用非竞争性31、社会总剩余包络线风险厌恶非排他性32、关税可变成本第一价格拍卖免费搭车者33、进口配额不变成本第二价格拍卖寻租行为34、帕累托最优内在不经济英国式拍卖委托-代理问题35、效用外在不经济荷兰式拍卖36、边际效用卡特尔要素需求37、消费者均衡价格领袖制边际生产力38、无差异曲线纳什均衡边际物质产品39、预算线占有均衡边际收益产量40、边际效用递减规律边际产品价值41、边际替代率递减规律边际要素成本42、收入效应洛伦兹曲线——宏观经济学部分1国内生产总值（GDP）有保证的增长率货币政策2国民生产总值（GNP）自然增长率公开市场业务3名义国内生产总值稳态法定准备金比率4实际国内生产总值资本深化挤出效应5最终产品新经济增长理论财政政策乘数6中间产品金融市场货币政策乘数7折旧货币比较优势理论8存货投资货币乘数直接标价法9净投资存款创造乘数间接标价法10净出口交易需求汇率制度11国民生产净值（NNP）投机需求固定汇率制12国民收入（NI）货币数量论浮动汇率制13个人收入（PI）流动性陷阱购买力平价14个人可支配收入（DPI）IS曲线利率平价15人均国内生产总值LM曲线绝对购买率平价16总投资凯恩斯区域国际收支17总支出古典区域内部平衡18总需求IS-LM模型外部平衡19总供给产品市场的均衡相对购买力平价20均衡产出总需求曲线IS-LM-BP模型21均衡收入总供给曲线BP曲线22消费函数劳动市场均衡实际增长率23平均消费倾向总生产曲线自动稳定器24边际消费倾向长期总供给曲线25平均储蓄倾向短期总供给曲线26边际储蓄倾向理性预期27乘数生产函数28投资乘数古典总供给曲线29政府支出乘数凯恩斯总供给曲线30税收乘数失业31政府转移支付乘数自然失业32平衡预算乘数摩擦性失业33对外贸易乘数结构性失业34通货紧缩缺口需求不足失业35通货膨胀缺口充分就业36加速原理自然失业率37加速系数通货膨胀38资本-产出比率无加速通货膨胀（NAIRU）39充分就业国民收入周期性失业40乘数-加速原理菲利普斯曲线41经济周期需求拉上型通货膨胀42经济增长成本推动型通货膨胀43全部要素生产率财政政策二、计算题部分1、已知商品市场的市场需求函数为Q d=12-2P，供给函数为Q s=20P（1）求均衡时候的消费者剩余。
2012浙江工商大学研究生入试日语专业基础真题
招生专业：翻译硕士日语笔译
考试科目：359日语翻译基础总分：150分考试时间：3小时
問題一.次の語句を日本語に訳しなさい。（１点×15＝15点）
１．马后炮
２．束手无策
３．对牛弹琴
４．自作自受
５．通宵
６．背黑锅
７．百闻不如一见
８．吹牛
９．外行
10．打折扣
文章2
从总体上说，加入WTO对各行各业的上市公司均会造成不同程度的冲击，结合上市公司业绩不佳影响市场信心的现状，业内人士指出，在未来几年内，上市公司将有一个更为明显的分化过程，市场竞争的“优胜劣汰”法则将发挥作用，只有经历了外国竞争者考验的上市公司，才能够在我国证券市场中生存下来。只有那些不但称强于国内市场，而且借我国加入WTO的契机，在国际市场大展宏图的上市公司，才能最终成为中国证券市场的蓝筹股，构筑市场健康发展的基石。
11．打发时间
12．家教
13．电梯
14．画蛇添足
15．畅销书
問題二.次の語句を中国語に訳しなさい。（１点×15＝15点）
１．弘法も筆の誤り
２．十八番
３．過ぎたるは猶及ばざるが如し
４．泣き面に蜂
５．以心伝心
６．お人好し
７．顔色をうかがう
８．過保護
９．気が利く
10．口が軽い
11．思いやり
12ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้舌を巻く
13．仕事をサボる
……
十、本協議書（添付書類を含む）は中国語と日本語で各2通づつ作成し双方の代表が署名捺印の上、同等の効力をもつものとする。
中国代表（印） 日本側代表（印）
中国×××人材培訓中心 新世界語学院
2012浙江工商大学研究生入法语真题
浙江工商大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试卷（A）卷招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学、英语语言文学考试科目：256法语总分：100分考试时间：3小时注意：请考生将答案写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上无效。
I. Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire (35 points):1. Il fait beau aujourd’hui, i l n’y a pas _____ nuage.A. unB. leC. deD. une2. Il y a en Chine de nombreux fleuves, _____ le Y angtsé, le Fleuve Jaune, etc.A. tel queB. telle queC. tels queD. telles que3. Je vais vous faire visiter l’université _______ je faisais mes études.A. oùB. queC. quiD. quand4. Je préfère qu’on ______ le taxi.A. prendB. prendsC. prendreD. prenne5. C’est bientôt son anniversaire, qu’est-ce qu’on pourrait _______ apporter ?A. leB. l’C. luiD. en6. Ils aident cette femme ______ ils ne la connaissent pas du tout.A. bien qu’B. puisqu’C. sans qu’D. à condition qu’7. Ils s’intéressent beaucoup ______ la musique.A. pourB. àC. deD. avec8. J’avais l’habitude de me promener le long ____ la Seine après le dîner.A. àB. surC. deD. dans9. Je n’aime pas ____ pain, je veux prendre ____ riz.A. le, duB. de, duC. du, leD. de, le10. Notre ami étranger va nous apprendre ____ chanter en anglais demain.A. deB. pourC. /D. à11. Où sont les voyageurs venus _____ France？A. de laB. deC. duD. au12. Aujourd’hui, je vais à l’école ______ pied.A. deB. pourC. àD. en13. Votre appartement est plus petit que _____.A. le notreB. le nôtreC. le votreD. le vôtre14. C’es t la ____ étudiante de notre classe.A. bonB. mieuxC. meilleurD. meilleure15. Maintenant on peut acheter des pommes en _____ saison.A. toutB. tousC. touteD. toutes16. Benoît nous a réservé une chambre dans _____ hôtel.A. ceB. cetteC. cesD. cet17. Tes _____ sont vraiment trop longs. Il te faut aller chez le coiffeur !A. cheveuxB. chevauxC. cheveuD. cheval18. – Tu aimes faire _____ sport ?– Oui, je joue _____ tennis.A. du ; duB. le ; duC. du ; auD. le ; au19. Nous _____ le français depuis plus de cinq ans.A. apprendB. apprendsC. apprenonsD. apprennent20. Il est _____ faible pour continuer son travail.A. tropB. siC. tantD. tellement21. – Est-ce que vous pensez à vos parents ?– Oui, _____.A. je leur pense souvent.B. je pense souvent à ils.C. je pense souvent à eux.D. je les pense souvent.22. J’ai beaucoup de livres ; mais vous en avez encore _____ que moi.A. autantB. mieuxC. plusD. moins23. _____ on a soif, on veut boire un peu d’eau.A. À cause deB. CommeC. Parce queD. Car24. Racontez-nous quelque chose _____ intéressant !A. d’B. deC. àD. pour25. C’est un écrivain peu célèbre _____ j’ai oublié le nom.A. dontB. queC. quiD. celui26. Hier soir, j’ai dîné avec un _____ ami.A. vieilB. vieuxC. ancienD. ancienne27. _____ retard de Pierre, j’ai manqué l’avion.A. Malgré leB. Grâce auC. Parce queD. À cause du28. Pardon monsieur, je _____ envoyer un télégramme pour l’Espagne, qu’est-ce que je doisfaire ?A. veuxB. voulaisC. voudraisD. voudrai29. J’aimerais savoir _____ s’est passé dans votre chambre cette nuit.A. quiB. ce quiC. queD. ce que30. Où étiez-vous pendant qu’il _____ ?A. a travailléB. travaillaC. travailleD. travaillait31. Eric a acheté une baguette et deux croissants _____ boulanger.A. auB. dans leC. chez leD. en32. V ous devez faire passer votre billet dans la machine à composter _____ dans le train.A. avant que vous montezB. avant que vous montiezC. avant d’être montéD. avant de monter33. Le Directeur veut que nous _____ tous présents à la soirée de demain.A. serionsB. seronsC. étionsD. soyons34. Ah, Michel, _____ voilà, le professeur t’attend à son bureau.A. tuB. vousC. toiD. te35. Nous cherchons un interprète qui _____ parler couramment deux langues étrangères.A. peutB. puisseC. pourraD. pourraitII. Compréhension écrite (20 points):Texte 1 Les sciencesParmi les sciences qui se sont développées depuis le début du vingtième siècle, certaines jouent un rôle essentiel dans toutes les activités de notre vie quotidienne. Il est difficile d’imaginer ce qui se produirait sur la terre si on supprimait tout d’un coup la moitié des machines qui ont étéinventées depuis cinquante ans. Grâce aux applications de la recherche scientifique, elles sont devenues capables de réaliser presque tout ce que font les hommes, beaucoup plus rapidement et souvent mieux qu’eux, et parfois de les remplacer.Les découvertes de la physique et de la ch imie ont transformé notre civilisation. L’électricité a complètement changé notre vie. Quant à l’électronique, elle apporte des solutions à la plupart des problèmes que nous rencontrons dans tous les domaines. Que ce soit dans l’industrie ou la médecine, les télécommunications ou l’enseignement, les transports ou le commerce, et même dans la musique, l’électronique a apporté au cerveau humain une aide précieuse pour organiser son travail et ses loisirs.36. « essentiel » signifie ici :A. importantB. secondaireC. quelconqueD. quelque37. «tout d’un coup » signifie :A. progressivementB. totalementC. subitementD. tout de suite38. « elles » remplace ici :A. toutes les activités de notre vie quotidienneB. les machinesC. les télécommunicationsD. les applications de la recherche scientifique39. « apporter des solutions à » veut dire :A. déciderB. transformerC. résoudreD. demander40. D’après le texte, parmi les sciences qui se sont développées depuis le début du vingtième siècle, laquelle est la plus remarquable ?A. la chimieB. le transportC. la médecineD. l’électroniqueTexte 2Famille, je vous aimeLa célèbre formule de Gide « Famille, je vous hais » a tendance à être remplacée aujourd’hui par « Famille, je vous aime ».Il fait bon vivre en famille puisque les jeunes quittent leur famille de plus en plus tard, parfois à 25 ans. Les jeunes pensent que les parents respectent leur vie personnelle, qu’ils les aident dans leurs études et qu’ils peuvent communiquer avec eux facilemen t.Avant quinze ans, les jeunes se sentent un peu étouffés, ils aimeraient être plus autonomes. Mais les parents veulent fournir à leurs enfants une protection contre l’environnement souvent agressif.Après 16 ans, l’âge difficile de l’adolescence, le dial ogue parents-enfants n’est plus aussi facile. On s’oppose assez souvent sur des problèmes matériels.Mais on s’entend (相处) bien quand même, les conceptions de la vie ne sont pas opposées et il est si pratique d’habiter chez ses parents plutôt que de payer un loyer. Quant aux parents, même s’ils trouvent souvent le réfrigérateur vide, ils ne sont pas mécontents d’avoir l’affection des enfants.41. Dans la phrase «la célèbre formule de Gide ‘Famille, je vous hais’» …, « formule » signifieici __________.A. solutionB. formationC. expressionD. programme42. Généralement, les jeunes quittent leur famille __________.A. avant 25 ansB. moins de 15 ansC. à l’âge de 25 ansD. à partir de 25 ans43. Dans la phrase « il fait bon vivre en famille », « il fait bon » signifie __________.A. il fait chaudB. il est utile deC. il fait un temps magnifiqueD. il est agréable de44. «L’âge difficile de l’adolescence », signifie __________.A. l’âge où les jeunes n’étudient plusB. l’âge où les jeunes ne rentr ent plus à la maisonC. l’âge où les jeunes se disputent plus souventD. l’âge où les jeunes ne veulent plus écouter leurs parents comme autrefois45. Pourquoi les jeunes se sentent un peu étouffés chez leurs parents ?A. Parce que les parents ne sont pas affectueux.B. Parce que les parents s’occupent trop d’eux.C. Parce qu’ils doivent payer un loyer.D. Parce que l’environnement est agressif.III. Traduisez les phrases suivantes en chinois (15 points) :46. Demain, c’est ton anniversaire, je te ferai une grande surprise.47. Quand on apprend une langue étrangère, il faut faire beaucoup d’exercices oraux, il ne suffit pas de faire seulement des exercices écrits.48. L’arrivée du Livre de Poche a été une véritable révolution culturelle dans les années 1950.49. En peu de temps tous les gens qui ne pouvaient s’acheter de livres parce qu’ils étaient trop chers ont pu enfin en acheter à faible prix.50. Les grands éditeurs français ont tout de suite lancé des collections avec un tirage important. IV. Traduisez les phrases suivantes en français (15 points) :51. 小时候，我和我父母一起住在一个小村子里。
浙江工商大学_运筹学2011年_考研专业课真题试卷
浙江工商大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试卷（A）卷招生专业：管理科学与工程
考试科目：830运筹学总分：150分考试时间：3小时
、、填空题（每个空格3分，共30分）
1．在单纯形法中，初始基可能由决策变量、、
三种类型的变量组成。
2．线性规划的可行域是一个，若其有最优解，必能在上获得。
3．如线性规划原问题有可行解且目标函数值无界，则其对偶问题。
4．对于3个产地4个销地的产销平衡运输问题，其基变量的个数是个；其中决策变量x23所对应的列向量P23 = .。
5．在目标规划中，如果要求某个目标约束恰好等于其期望值，则其目标函数应该为极小化。
6．在动态规划中，表明了一个阶段到下一阶段状态转移规律。
7．在任何图中，次（度）为奇数的顶点数目必为。
、、计算题（共50分）
1．已知线性规划的数学模型为：
答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效第 1 页（共 4 页）。
浙江工商大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试卷A卷招生专业英语
浙江工商大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试卷（A）卷招生专业：英语笔译、英语口译、日语笔译考试科目：448汉语写作与百科知识总分：150分考试时间：180分钟（答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。
）一、单项选择题（共40小题，每小题1分，共40分）1.关于汉字，下列说法中正确的是A．汉字是音节文字B．汉字记录的语音单位是音节C．汉字记录的语义单位是词语D．从书写形式上看，汉字是三维立体型文字。
2.“书本”一词的结构类型是A．并列 B．偏正 C．补充 D．陈述3.下列都属于述补短语的是A．好得很、吃不饱饭 B．浪费三小时、读一本C．买张票、打扫一下 D．看了两天、玩几圈4.关于“这饭我爱吃。
”和“打死他的猫。
”这两个句子的说法正确的是。
A．都是主谓句 B．分别是主谓谓语句、动词性非主谓句C．都是动词谓语句 D．分别是动词谓语句、动词性非主谓句5.“十一月，香港还是秋高气爽的季节，哈尔滨都草木皆冰了。
”运用的修辞手法是A．夸张 B．衬托 C．比拟 D．仿词6.下列各项中加点的词属于同音词的是A．水管．坏了管．他叫赛斯克 B．做练习．．练习．．发球C．红．苹果红．了脸 D．马路很宽．从宽．处理7.下列各句中不是倒装句的A．好猛啊，你！ B．滚蛋，你给我！C．飘起来雪花，忽然。
D．考这么好，你真强！8.“同心之言，其臭如兰。
”句中“臭”的意思是A．气味 B．臭味 C．闻味 D．香味9.“公子怒，染指于鼎，尝之而出。
”“染指”的意思是A．手伸到鼎中去染色 B．用鼎中的热水洗手C．用手在热水中蘸了蘸 D．用手指着鼎10.下列句中含有名词意动用法的是A．老臣病足，曾不能疾走。
B．夫人之，我可以不夫人之乎？C．夺之人者臣诸侯，夺之与者友诸侯。
D．晚来天欲雪，能饮一杯无？11.“我心伤悲，莫知我哀。
”句中的“莫”的词性和意义是A．副词，不 B．代词，没有人 C．副词，不要 D．形容词，天黑12.“范增数目项王。
2011年浙江工商大学信息学院830运筹学考研真题【圣才出品】
2011年浙江工商大学信息学院830运筹学考研真题招生专业：管理科学与工程考试科目：830运筹学一、填空题（每个空格3分，共30分）1．在单纯形法中，初始基可能由决策变量、______、______三种类型的变量组成。
2．线性规划的可行域是一个______，若其有最优解，必能在______上获得。
3．如线性规划原问题有可行解且目标函数值无界，则其对偶问题______。
4．对于3个产地4个销地的产销平衡运输问题，其基变量的个数是______个；其中决策变量x23所对应的列向量P23=______。
5．在目标规划中，如果要求某个目标约束恰好等于其期望值，则其目标函数应该为极小化______。
6．在动态规划中，______表明了一个阶段到下一阶段状态转移规律。
7．在任何图中，次（度）为奇数的顶点数目必为______。
二、计算题（共50分）1．已知线性规划的数学模型为：⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥≤+-≤++++=0,,532102..543max 321321321321x x x x x x x x x t s x x x Z 问题：(1)用单纯形法求该模型的最优解。
(8分)(2)当第一个约束条件变为3121222x x x ++≤时，问题的最优解如何变化？(7分)2．已知线性规划的数学模型为：12341341234max 25628..222120,(1,2,3,4)iZ x x x x x x x s t x x x x x i =+++++≤⎧⎪+++≤⎨⎪≥=⎩问题：(1)写出其对偶问题。
(7分)(2)已知其对偶问题最优解Y *=(4,1)，试用对偶理论求原问题的最优解。
（3分）3．试求解下面极小化指派问题：（10分）39237615669471034543196246C ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦4．求下图中A 到F 的最短路：（15分）三、应用题（共60分）1．某地区有三个化肥厂A1，A2，A3生产某种化肥，该地区有四个产粮区B1，B2，B3和B4需要该化肥。
浙江工商大学计算机技术综合2012年考研专业课初试真题
浙江工商大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试卷（B）卷
招生专业：软件工程、工程硕士（计算机技术领域）
考试科目：803 计算机技术综合总分：150分考试时间：3小时
第一部分：程序设计部分（共60分）
一、程序填空（20分）
1、给定程序中，函数fun的功能是将形参n中，各位上为偶数的数取出，并按原来从高位到低位相反的顺序组成一个新的数，并作为函数值返回。
例如，输入一个整数：27638496，函数返回值为：64862。
请在程序的下划线处填入正确的内容。
（1 0分）
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned long fun(unsigned long n)
{
unsigned long x=0;
int t;
while(n)
{
t=n%10;
if(__1__)
x=__2__;
__3__;
}
return x;
}
main()
{
unsigned long n=-1;
while(n>99999999||n<0)
{
printf("Please input(0<n<100000000): ");
scanf("%ld",&n);
}
printf("\nThe result is: %ld\n",fun(n));
}
答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效第1页（共 4 页）。
浙江工商大学运筹学830真题2003-2019
招生专业：管理科学与工程 考试科目：运筹学 考试时间：3 小时
一、填空题（每小题 4 分，共 28 分）
1、线性规划行问题的可行域为
，特殊情况下为
或
。
2、用单纯形法解线性规划问题时，目标函数中人工变量的系数为
，
附加变量的系数数为
。
3、单纯形法与对偶单纯形法的主要区别在于：迭代过程中，前者始终保持
系数列向量是
。
2．单纯形法中，要把数学模型化为标准型，须引入
是
或原约束为
，则必须引入
3．0-1 规划的隐枚举法的基本思想是从所有变量等于
得到一个可行解。
；若约束条件中附加变量的系数 ，以构成初始可行基。 出发，依次指定一些变量为 ，直到
4．目标规划中，d
i
和
d
i
分别表示
变量；对于第
i
个目标约束
的可行性，后者始终保持
的可行性。
4、分支定界法和割平面法的基本思路都是通过在原线性规划问题中不断
来缩小
，最终得到原问题的整数最优解。
5、目标规划中，d
i
和
d
i
分别表示
变量；对于第
i
个目标约束
fiX
d
i
d
i
bi
，如果希望
fi X bi
，则目标函数
为
。
6、序贯式算法的核心是序贯地
。
4． 对于 3 个产地 4 个销地的产销平衡运输问题，其基变量的个数是
个；其中决策变量 x23
所对应的列向量 P23 =
.。
浙江工商大学运筹学830真题2003-2019
一、 填空题（每个空格 3 分，共 30 分）
1． 在单纯形法中，初始基可能由决策变量、
、
三种类型的变量组成。
2． 线性规划的可行域是一个
，若其有最优解，必能在
上获得。
3． 如线性规划原问题有可行解且目标函数值无界，则其对偶问题
st. xj≥0,(j=1,2,3) 三、应用题（每题 15 分，共 60 分）
1、某商场售货员需求情况为：周一 15 分、周二 24 人、周三 25 人、周四 19
人、周五 31 人、周六 28 人、周日 28 人。规定售货员每周连续工作 5 天后再连
续休息 2 天。问：应如何安排售货员的作息时间，既满足工作需要，又使配备的
系数列向量是
。
2．单纯形法中，要把数学模型化为标准型，须引入
是
或原约束为
，则必须引入
3．0-1 规划的隐枚举法的基本思想是从所有变量等于
得到一个可行解。
；若约束条件中附加变量的系数 ，以构成初始可行基。 出发，依次指定一些变量为 ，直到
4．目标规划中，d
i
和
d
i
分别表示
变量；对于第
i
个目标约束
1、已知线性规划的数学模型为：（30 分）
minZ=3x1+2x2+x3 （1）用两阶段法求该模型的最优解；
x1+x2+x3≥2
（2）用对偶单纯形法求该模型的最优解
2x1+ x3 ≥5
（3）写出最优基 B 和 B-1；
xi≥0,(i=1,2,3) （4）价值系数 C3 在什么范围内变化可保持最优解不变？
浙江工商大学842法学综合2(含民法学总论、刑法学总论)2012--2019年考研专业课真题
超市辩称自己已将购物须知明显张贴于超市入口，须知上明确说明储物柜不得存放贵重物品
，否则丢失概不负责。因此，乙超市没有赔偿义务。后经公安机关查明，该储物柜挂锁早已锈
坏，很容易被撬开，不具备保险功能。
请用民法原理和相关法律分析：（1）购物须知是否属于合同的一部分？（2）购物须知中的
免责条款是否有效？（3）本案应如何处理？
8.疏忽大意的过失 9.犯罪中止 10.首要分子 11.集合犯 12.追诉时效
二、简答题（共10小题，每小题6分，共60分） 1.民事法律关系的概念和特征。 2.宣告失踪和宣告死亡的区别。
3.动产和不动产区分的法律意义。
4.可撤销可变更民事行为的种类。 5.代理关系中的几种连带责任。
6.危害行为的特征。
浙江工商大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试卷（A）卷
招生专业：法学理论、刑法学、宪法与行政法学、民商法学、诉讼法学、国际法学、 经济法学
考试科目：842 法学综合2 （含民法学、刑法学） 总分：150分 考试时间：3小时
一、名词解释（共10小题，每小题4分，共40分） 1.法人机关 2.浮动抵押权 3.债的保全 4.不真正义务 5.特殊侵权行为 6.罪责刑相适应原则 7.刑法的溯及力 8.犯罪对象 9.想象竞合犯 10.追诉时效的中断 二、简答题（共6小题，每小题8分，共48分） 1.简述可撤销民事行为的概念和特征。 2.简述用益物权的概念和特征。 3.简述债的履行的分类。 4.简述人身权的特征。 5.简述犯罪未遂的概念和特征。 6.简述普通累犯的概念和构成条件。
7.“不作为”的义务来源。 8.不构成共同犯罪的几种情况。 9.犯罪未遂的特征。
答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效
第1页 共2页
10.假释的条件。 三、论述题（共2小题，每小题15分，共30分） 1. 论述民法中未成年人行为的法律后果。 2. 论述我国刑法对老年人犯罪的特殊处遇原则。 四、案例分析（共4小题，每小题6分，共24分） 1.甲、乙、丙均为经营长途客运业的专业户，三人商定合伙经营跑运输，每人出 资20万元入伙，同时甲提出其业务经理丁善于管理，可以由丁以其管理才能入伙 ，不需要缴纳出资，乙、丙表示同意。四人一致同意由丁作为日常业务负责人。后 甲因其他事项提出退伙，并放弃在合伙中的份额，乙、丙、丁表示同意。3天后，丁 在运输中撞伤他人，须支付赔偿费60万元，为此引起纠纷。
(NEW)浙江工商大学信息学院《830运筹学》历年考研真题汇编
3．运输问题中
个变量构成基变量的充要条件是______。
4．在求最短路时，常用的算法有______、______和弗洛伊德算法。
5．目标规划中，偏差变量d+ 称为正偏差，表示决策值______目标值的 部分。
6．在动态规划中，指标函数分为______和______。
7．不含______和多重边的图称为简单图。
三、应用题（共50分） 1．（15分）有一个航运公司有5艘船，需停靠5个泊位，每艘船只能停 靠一个泊位，每个泊位只能停靠一艘船。已知不同船型停靠不同泊位的 费用如下表所示，问如何分配能使航运公司费用最少。
2．（15分）某地区生产苹果有4个产地，生产的苹果需销售到4个销 地，4个产地的产量、4个销地的销售量及单位产品的运费价格见下表所 示，问如何设计运输方案，使得总运费最小。
B1 B2 B3 B4 产量 A1 5 8 7 3 7 A2 4 11 9 7 8 A3 8 4 2 9 3 销量 6 6 4 2
三、应用题（共70分） 1．某鞋店出售橡胶雪靴，预计未来4个月市场需求量如下，每次订货只 有10、20、30、40、50几种，每种批量的价格为48、86、118、138、 160元，每月末库存不能超过40双，存贮费用按月末计算，每双0.2元， 考虑到四个月后市场风险较大，希望四个月后的库存为0，这四个月如 何订货，总花费最小（当前库存为0）。（16分）
月份 1 2 3 4 需求 40 20 30 40
2．某公司要将一批货从三个产地运到四个销地，有关数据如下表所 示。
B1 B2 B3 B4 供应量 A1 7 3 7 9 500 A2 2 6 5 11 400
A3 6 4 2 5 700 需求量 300 200 400 500
2012浙江工商大学研究生入试综合英语真题
浙江工商大学2012年研究生入学考试试卷（A）卷招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学、英语语言文学考试科目：615综合英语总分：150分考试时间：180分钟（所有答案请写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上的无效！）I.Vocabulary & Structure （30%）Directions:There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one that best completes the sentence. Writer your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.ernment decided to help companies ______ the crisis by offering them a low-interestloan.A.get throughB. get roundC. get off toD. get into2.He was annoyed with his girl friend for she had disposed ______ those old but valuable bookshis father left him.A.outB. awayC. inD. of3.To ______ further research is one important properties of a scientific theory.A. arouseB. advocateC. stimulateD. renew4. A good education should offer a ______ among the branches of knowledge that contribute toeffective thinking and wise judgment.A. balanceB. distributionC. combinationD. spread5.Yingluck Shinawatra, the new premier in Thailand, won the political support for her great______.A. intentionB. integrityC. instinctD. intensity6.The evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was ______ to the issue at hand.A. unreasonableB. irrelevantC. invalidD. irrational7.Obama spoke so ______ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.A. franklyB. emphaticallyC. loudlyD. convincingly8.Before purchasing the car, they gave it a thorough ______.A. inspectationB. observationC. reflectionD. check-in9.Susan enthusiastically joined the drama society but didn’t seem to ______, so she left.A. fit upB. fit outC. fit inD. fit in with10.He couldn’t tell ______ from a distance whether it was Sam or his brother.A. at largeB. in nameC. for sureD. in short11. People should learn to use their sense freely and ______, and develop positive attitudestowards themselves.A. creativelyB. intellectuallyC. conductivelyD. productively12. The government has to provide a very ______ explanation for the new medical care reform.A. understandingB. sophisticatedC. comprehensiveD. compulsory13. Richard Clayderman is a (n) ______musician who learned from his father when he was five.A. ancientB. giftedC. originalD. uncivilized14. The deal was finally made through the ______ of the local government.A. conventionB. insertionC. interventionD. interference15. There is no perfect policies concerning the education reform, and each of the proposed oneshas its own ______.A. frontiersB. limitsC. bordersD. limitations16. Ladies and gentlemen, the train to Xiamen will leave from _____ at 5:30 p.m.A. Platform FourB. the Platform FourC. Fourth PlatformD. the Four Platform17. I didn’t go to Susan’s gallery, for I didn’t like ______.A. those paintings of hersB. those her paintingsC. her those paintingsD. those paintings of her18. The apartments John has looked at so far were so expensive that he is better off ______ wherehe is.A. stayB. to stayC. stayingD. stayed19. No one would expect a 5-year-old boy to have walked ______ far, ten miles!A. /B. suchC. thatD. as20. Mary and her husband could hardly understand each other, ______?A. could sheB. could heC. couldn’t theyD. could they21. _______, you would not have recovered so quickly.A. Hadn’t you taken the doctor’s adviceB. Had you not taken the doctor’s adviceC. Had not you taken the doctor’s adviceD. Had you taken the doctor’s advice22. It was not until midnight ______ the assignment.A. that students finishedB. that students did not finishC. did students finishD. did students not finish23. The more we thought of the lost boy, ______ did we get worried.A. the moreB. the betterC. the mostD. the best24. You should always stick to the principle, ______ obstacles you may meet.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whoeverD. whatever25. In ancient China, thunder was believed to be a manifestation of the ______ of the gods.A. spiritB. powerC. wrathD. sorrow26. Nothing can ______ permanent happiness.A. insureB. ensureC. assureD. reassure27. Before the earthquake, many people may have an ______ feeling of impending disaster.A. uncannyB. intangibleC. ambiguousD. ambivalent28. For the pressure from purchasing a house, I’m getting awfully ______.A. economicB. thriftyC. stingyD. economical29. You cannot rely on those who ______ back from any commitment.A. shrinkB. shortenC. decreaseD. lessen30. Employers should ______ their workmen for injuries.A. composeB. compensateC. compriseD. encloseⅡ.Reading Comprehension (50%)Directions: Read the following 5 passages carefully, and choose the best answer to each question from the four choices given. Writer your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage A“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise,” said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While there’s no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn’t get the job done.Stress that you can manage may also boost immune function. In a study at the Academic center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they had control over the outcome. In the second, they weren’t in control: They had to sit through a gory video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downtown in the antibody.Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.“Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on Longevity, “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.”31. The passage is mainly about______.A. the benefits of manageable stressB. how to avoid stressful situationsC. how to cope with stress effectivelyD. the effects of stress hormones on memory32. The word “shun” most probably means______.A. cut down onB. stay away fromC. run out ofD. put up with33. We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that ______.A. people under stress tend to have a poor memoryB. people who can’t get their job done experience most stressC. doing challenging work may be good for one’s healthD. stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs34. In the experiment described in Paragraph 3, the video-watchers experienced a downturn in theantibody because______.A. the video was not enjoyable at allB. the outcome was beyond their controlC. they knew little about surgical proceduresD. they felt no pressure while watching the video35. Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that______.A. a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his bodyB. stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brainC. short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory functionD. a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stressPassage BIn sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, wanting prosperity and increasing social unrest led to the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.In the first category are consideration for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzania, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission.Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that, after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regular behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Provence, in France.Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castles from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess pure and dedicated love to a lady who should be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionablesociety had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of hi life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name.Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of harming or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest. You can easily think of dozens of examples of customs and habits in your own daily life which come under this heading.36. In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, the ruling families ______.A. tried to destroy the lower and middle classes using etiquetteB. discriminated against the lower classes using etiquetteC. tried to teach etiquette to the lower and middle classesD. put the middle and working classes into fenced enclosures37. In England, the upper classes ______.A. have always followed the French attitude to the lower classesB. accept the newly rich in spite of their lower-class mannersC. publish books on etiquette for the newly richD. seem to accept a newly rich person provided he makes some attempt to adjust toupper-class life38. Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: ______.A. practical rules, optional moral duties and formal complimentsB. formal compliments, basic moral duties and practical rulesC. optional moral duties, optional practical rules and artificial gracesD. rules, regulations and requirements39. The customs of young men bowing to show respect when passing the dwellings of their elderswas cited as a characteristic of ______.A. the ancient EgyptiansB. parts of TanzaniaC. England, about a century agoD. all societies40. The practical rules of etiquette, for example those governing table manners ______.A. are the same all over the worldB. sometimes vary according to time and circumstanceC. became unnecessary with the invention of the knife and forkD. are not liable to changePassage CA new policy on public rental housing is allowing more low- and middle-income families to apply for homes. But people without Beijing hukou --- permanent residence permits --- must wait for more details to be released before they can take advantage of the change.The policy, which took effect on Thursday, also pertains to larger local families with three or four members and allows residents without hukou to apply for those documents if they have worked in the city for an as yet undetermined number of years.“In addition to the amount of years they have been working in Beijing, a limit on annual income will be set later,” said an official from the Beijing Municipal Committee of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, who declined to be named, “b ecause some residents said it’s only fair that they should have the same restrictions as local families.”The precise restrictions on migrant people will vary by district depending on an applicant’s situation and the number of candidates and public rental units in the district. The districts will later release detailed guidelines.Some migrant workers had lost hope of being able to get government-subsidized housing because they feared they would not be eligible for it or that they would have to wait too long. “It’s too complicated and most of these units are far from the downtown, which means spending more time on the road, so I gave up,” said Zhang Lifeng, a technician renting an apartment near Zhongguancun with a friend.Yin Bocheng, director of the real estate research center at Fudan University, supports restricting applications according to the amount of time an applicant has spent on the job. “Because of the limited supply of these units, it’s necessary to narrow down the number of the applicants,” he said on Thursday. But the restrictions should be flexible and change according to different situations, Yin said. He added that although applicants might at first become eligible after three years, for instance, as the supply later gets larger and applicants fewer, that time could be shortened.41. Which one is TRUE in the following statements?A. Only a limited number of people can apply for public rental housing.B. Only low- and middle-income families can apply for public rental housing.C. All the migrant people can apply for public rental housing.D. All the residence in Beijing can apply for public rental housing.42. The restrictions on the migrant people for public rental housing are ______.A. a limit on annual incomeB. the number of the family memberC. the amount of time they have been working in BeijingD. A and C43. “E ligible” in Paragraph 5 means ______.A. to be legalB. toe have enough moneyC. to have the qualificationD. to have permanent residence permits44. According to the passage, which one is TRUE concerning the new policy?A. The new policy took effect all around Beijing in the same way.B. The new policy varied according to the district’s condition.C. The new policy varied according to the identity of the applicants.D. The new policy varied according to the applicants’ income.45. The purpose of setting the limitations is ______.A. to decrease the population of BeijingB. to solve the problem of supply limitationC. to decrease the population of applicantsD. to solve the problem of the migrants’ housingPassage DEvery year dozens of companies publish their lists of the world’s top universities, compiling masses of data from the universities as they go. The most influential are the Times Higher Education World Top 400, the QS World University Rankings, and the US News & World Report World’s Best Universities.One critic of the ranking system recently described them as “a high-stakes beauty contest.”Universities, especially those in developing countries, were told recently to avoid trying to keep up with Joneses. The comment came at a forum organized by UNESCO, the Institutional Management of Higher Education and the World Bank.“Instead of trying to conform to the prevailing monoculture approach to higher education by funneling scarce public funds to create flagship universities, governments should ignore rankings altogether,” forum participants were told. Sandro Calvani of the Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok agrees.“Asian universities manage knowledge on Asia better than the West and they do it in a way the West cannot see or does not wish to see,” Calvani said. He is an education expert and director of the institute’s ASEAN Regional Center of Excellence on Millennium Development Goals. In his view, many Western elite universities lack Asian expertise on sustainable development, global public good and human security concerns. “The Times and QS university rankings … do not take into consideration the relevant direct outreach work done in Asia by Asian universities to facilitate policy innovation and problem solving.”46. What does it mean by saying that the ranking system is “a high-stakes beauty contest”(in Paragraph 2)?A. Because its results are beautiful.B. There is always a beauty contest when some universities become top ones.C. It looks beautiful, but actually dangerous.D. The contest for top universities costs much money on the one hand and gets more on theother.47. “Keep up with Joneses” (in Paragraph 2) means ______.A. to maintain the same standards as othersB. to be at the same leave with the person named JonesesC. to be at the same leave with the university named JonesesD. to be at the same leave with the ranking system named Joneses48. Which one is TRUE about the Asia universities?A. Governments pay no attention to the ranking.B. Governments pay no money for the ranking.C. Governments pay limited money for education.D. Governments pay sufficient money for education.49. According to Sandro Calvani, governments should ignore rankings altogether, because _____.A. Western ranking is not fit for Asia universities who know more about Asia’s educationB. Western education is not worthy of attentionC. Western ranking is poor, for they cannot see the advantages of Asia universitiesD. Asia rankings are much better than western ones50. Western ranking systems, according to Calvani, are ______.A. biased in judging Asia universitiesB. insufficient in judging Asia universitiesC. proud when they look at Asia universities in a western wayD. content to judge Asia universitiesPassage EAuctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from the Latin “autic”, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called “sub hasta”, meaning “under the spear”, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle”: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning.Practically all goods can be sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, fruit, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and works of art. The auct ion rooms at Christie’s and Sotheby’s in London and New York are world famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by the buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with lot one and continue the numerical order; he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding.51.Auctioned goods are sold ______.A. for the highest price offeredB. at fixed pricesC. at prices lower than their true valueD. at prices offered by the auctioneer52. The end of bidding is called “knocking down” because _____.A. the auctioneer knocks on the tableB. the auctioneer names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goodsC. the goods are knocked down onto the tableD. the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer53. In the sentence “The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war”, the word“spoils” most probably means _____.A. useless goodsB. spearsC. various kind of foodD. property taken from the enemy54. In England a candle was used to burn at auction sales _____.A. because the auction sales took place at nightB. as a signal for the crowd to gatherC. to keep the auction room warmD. to limit the time when offers of prices could be made55. An auction catalogue gives buyers _____.A. the current market values of the goodsB. details of the goods to be soldC. the orders in which goods are to be soldD. free admission to the auction saleIII. Rhetorical Knowledge (30%)Directions:There are 15 sentences, each of which has a figure of speech, and there are four kinds of figure marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and writer your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.56. I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.A. anti-climaxB. climaxC. punD. hyperbole57. She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy.A. zeugmaB. simileC. epigramD. metaphor58. The mother is undergoing the joyful pain, and the painful joy of childbirth.A. alliterationB. antithesisC. oxymoronD. synecdoche59. --- I hope you’ll be reasonable in your terms.--- If you allow me, I will call your carriage for you.A. allusionB. assonanceC. euphemismD. zeugma60. One day I was packing for my trip, but I couldn’t fit everything into my suitcase; I bet mysuitcase would start crying if I stuff it anymore.A. punB. personificationC. epigraphD. analogy61. When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.A. hyperboleB. simileC. metonymyD. paradox62. A few hundred pounds of twenty dollar bills ought to solve that problem nicely.A. contrastB. understatementC. alliterationD. synecdoche63. She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule myhead.A. parodyB. metonymyC. ironyD. euphemism64. Where there is a will, there is a lawsuit.A. assonanceB. personificationC. parodyD. oxymoron65. It was another one of those Catch-22 situations, you’re damned if you do, and you are damnedif you don’t.A. allusionB. simileC. repetitionD. hyperbole66. The rain fell pitter-patter on the window the whole night.A. parallelismB. zeugmaC. ironyD. onomatopoeia67. The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder.A. understatementB. transferred epithetC. euphemismD. allusion68. My money and goods are as dear to me as life itself.A. simileB. metonymyC. hyperboleD. anti-climax69. The case snowballed into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history.A. antithesisB. onomatopoeiaC. metaphorD. zeugma70. That’s one small step for a man; one giant leap for mankind.A. repetitionB. antithesisC. alliterationD. assonanceIV. Proofreading & Error Correction (20%)Directions: The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE ERROR ONLY. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. Copy the relevant part (a word, a phrase or a sentence where an error is) on the ANSWER SHEET at first, and for a wrong word, underline it and write the correct one; for a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “۸” sign and write the word you believe to be missing; for an unnecessary word, cross it with a slash “/”.These days, Coca Cola is one of the symbol of America. But it’s come a long way from its humble start. The drink was discovered by John Pemberton, who lived in the southern state of Georgia. Pemberton was a retired US civil war officer who owned a drugstore and believed the healing potential of various plants. Coca Cola evolved from a product calling French Wine Cola. This was a mixture of Peruvian coca leaves, the purest wine and the kola nut. Pemberton said that the native South American Indians used the coca leaf frequently and they believed in its beneficial effects in the mind and body. This drink was very successful in the south of the US, particular in Pemberton’s home state of Georgia.However, in 1886, alcohol was banned in Atlanta. So, Pemberton has to replace the wine in the French Wine Cola for sugar syrup. He used the name Coca Cola to describe this new “sweet” recipe. The new Coca Cola drink was immediately so successful as French Wine Cola. And very soon, local business men were selling Coca Cola commercially around the country, giving Pemberton royalties of five cents for each gallon. Not until 1903, Coca Cola contained an estimated 9 milligrams of cocaine per glass. However, later, manufacturers started using coca leaves with the cocaine removing. Nowadays, Coca Cola uses a specially-grown, non-narcotic coca leaf. 71.____________72. ____________73. ____________74.____________75. ____________76. ____________77. ____________78. ____________79. ____________80. ____________V. Close (20%)Directions: In the following passage, there are 20 blanks. Choose one from the four choices A, B, C, and D, and make the meaning complete. Write the answers on the ANSWER SHEET.At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they’re bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net ___81___ to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, ___82___ the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets.。
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2012年浙江工商大学信息学院830运筹学考研真题
招生专业：管理科学与工程
考试科目：830运筹学
一、填空题（每个空格3分，共30分）
1．目标规划数学模型中的正、负偏差变量d+和d-分别表示决策值______或______目标值的部分。
2．常用的求解运输问题最优解的检验方法有______和______两种。
3．根据对偶问题的性质。
当原问题为______时，其对偶问题无可行解，反之，当对偶问题______时，其原问题或具有无界解或无可行解。
4．线性规划问题的每一个______对应可行域的一个顶点。
5．对于m个产地n个销地的产销平衡的运输问题，其基变量的个数是______，非基变量的个数是______。
6．用分枝定界法求解一个______的整数规划问题时，任何一个可行解的目标函数值是该问题目标函数值的下界。
二、判断题，错误的请改正（每题2分，共10分）
1．一旦一个人工变量在迭代中作为非基变量后，该变量及相应列的数字可以从单纯形表中删除，而不影响计算结果。
2．正偏差变量应取正值，负偏差变量应取负值。
3．用割平面法求解纯整数规划时，要求包括松弛变量在内的全部变量必须取整数值。
4．按最小元素法(或沃格尔法)给出的初始解，从每一空格出发可以找出不止一个闭回路。
5．指派问题矩阵的每个元素都乘以常数K，不影响最优指派方案。
三、计算题（共50分）
1．（15分）已知线性规划的数学模型为：
⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧≥≤≤+≤++=0
x x 3
x -x 122x 3x 42x x -.2x x 3z Max 212121212
1，st 问题：（1）用单纯形法求解该线性规划问题的最优解和最优值。
（10分）
（2）价值系数c 2在什么范围内变化可以保持最优解不变。
（5分）
2．（10分）已知线性规划问题为：
⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥≤+++≤+++++=0x ,x ,x ,x 12x 2x x 22x 8x x 2x .x 6x 5x x 2z Max 4
32143214314
321st 问题：（1）直接写出该线性规划的对偶问题。
（5分）
（2）若该线性规划的对偶问题最优解为)1,4y*（=
，求原问题的最优解和最优值（5分）
3．（10分）用隐枚举法求解0-1规划问题：
⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=≥++≥+++≥++++++=1
0x ,x ,x ,x 1
x x -x x 6x 4x 24x 2x -0x x x 4x -.x 4x 35x x 2z Min 43214321432143214
321或st 4．（15分）求解下列动态规划问题：
⎩⎨⎧≥≤++++=0x ,x ,x 10x 3x 42x .x 2x 9x 4z Max 3213212
3
21st 三、应用题（共50分）
1．（15分）有一个航运公司有5艘船，需停靠5个泊位，每艘船只能停靠一个泊位，每个泊位只能停靠一艘船。
已知不同船型停靠不同泊位的费用如下表所示，问如何分配能使航运公司费用最少。
2．（15分）某地区生产苹果有4个产地，生产的苹果需销售到4个销地，4个产地的产量、4个销地的销售量及单位产品的运费价格见下表所示，问如何设计运输方案，使得总运费最小。
3．（10分）某电视机厂装配普通和液晶两种电视机，每装配一台电视机需占用装配线1小时，装配线每周计划开动50小时。
预计市场每周液晶电视的销量是35台；普通电视机的销量是45台。
试建立目标规划模型，若该厂确定的目标为：
（1）充分利用装配线，每周计划开动不低于50小时；
（2）允许装配线加班，但加班时间每周尽量不超过10小时。
（3）装配电视机的数量尽量满足市场需要，因液晶电视利润高于普通电视机，取其权系数为2，普通电视机权系数为1。
4．（10分）求下图中网络的最大流和最小割集。
V s
V 1V t
V 5V 4
V 3(5,2)
(4,2)
(5,4)
(3,3)(2,2)(2,2)
(3,3)(3,0)(4,2)(5,5)(3,2)V 6
V 2五、证明题（共10分）
已知线性规划问题
⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥≤+≤+++=0x ,x ,x 1x -x 2x -2x x x -.x x z Max 3
213213212
1st 请根据对偶问题性质证明上述线性规划问题目标函数值无界。
浙江工商大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试初试
评分标准及参考答案(B)卷
科目代码:830
科目名称：运筹学
一、填空题（共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）
1．超过；不足；
2．闭回路法；对偶变量法
3．无界解；无可行解
4．基可行解
5．m+n-1；mn-(m+n-1)
6．极大化
二、判断题（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
1．√
2．X正、负偏差变量均应取正值，
3．√
4．X只能找出惟一的闭回路。
5．X指派问题矩阵的每个元素都加上常数K，不影响最优指派方案。