精品K12学习高考学习复习资料英语二轮复习 阅读理解基础选练(3)

四川彭山县2016高考英语阅读理解二轮基础选练（3）
【2015高考复习】阅读理解
Former Irish President Mary Robinson was just making a polite conversation with an Ethiopian (埃塞俄比亚的) teenager about her wedding day.The 16­year­old had already been married for a year.“She looked at me with the sa ddest eyes and said，‘I had to drop out of school，’ ” Robinson said in a telephone interview.“That conveyed to me the reality，” said Robinson，the first woman to serve as Ireland’s president and former U．N.High Commissioner for Human Rights.“Her life，as far as she is concerned，had more or less ended.”
Robinson said keeping girls in school was one of the most important things policymakers could do to address the coming challenges of an ever­increasing population，predicted by the United Nations to reach 7 billi on soon.“European countries are concerned about aging populations，but this is much less of an issue than the huge number of people which we are going to see over the next 40 years when the population goes from 7 billion to 9 billion，”she said.“Almost all o f that increase will be in poor developing countries，so that we have a very big challenge.”
Family planning experts worry in particular about the future population explosion in Sub­Saharan Africa.In May，the United Nations projected the world population would reach 9.3 billion in 2050 and 10.1 billion by 2100.Much of that growth will come from Africa，where the population is growing at 2.3 percent a year—more than double Asia’s 1 percent growth rate.If that rate stays consistent，which is not certain，Africa’s population will reach 3.6 billion by 2100 from the present 1 billion.
Joel Cohen，a professor of population studies at Rockefeller University and Columbia University in New York，said universal secondary education offered a way to reduce population in high birth rate regions.In addition to providing information about birth control，a secondary education teaches women to reduce their own fertility，improve the health of their children and allows them to move from a mindset of having many children in the hope tha t some will survive to improve the quality of each child’s life，Cohen wrote in the journal Nature.
【语篇解读】人口的快速增长困扰着世界。

有关人士指出，控制人口快速增长的一种方式就是提高女性的受教育水平，进而改变人们头脑中固有的传统生育观念。

1．In the first paragraph，the author introduces his topic by________.
A．giving an example
B．explaining the author’s opinions
C．describing the poor education system
D．coming straight to the topic
解析篇章结构题。

在本段中，作者以爱尔兰前总统Mary Robinson与埃塞俄比亚的一位已婚少女的交谈为例引入话题，所以A项正确。

答案 A
2．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Robinson is happy after talking to the Ethiopian girl.
B．Robinson is a successful expert in population studies.
C．Robinson is worried about the population growth.
D．Robinson encourages female education.
解析推理判断题。

第二段引号中的内容提到“欧洲国家担心出现人口老龄化问题，但与人口快速增长相比，这算不了什么。

几乎所有的人口增长都发生在发展中国家，这将是一个巨大的挑战。

”由此可推断她担心的是人口增长问题。

答案 C
3．What is Joel Cohen’s view about secondary education?
A．It provides basic knowledge of heahh.
B．It reduces aging population.
C．It makes people pay more attention to education.
D．It can change people’s parenting ideas.
解析推理判断题。

由最后一段的最后一句可知，Joel Cohen在《自然》杂志中写到中学教育可以改变人们的育儿理念。

答案 D
4．According to the passage，the most important way to control high population growth is_____.
A．let girls go away from Africa
B．keep girls in school
C．let young girls remain single
D．keep girls in families
解析细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句前半部分中的内容可知，控制人口快速增长的最重要的方式之一是让女孩儿上学。

答案 B
写人记事（阅读理解）由 (2013浙江宁波高三上期末)改编
I was a fat kid who grew into an overweight adult.I was constantly laughed at for being heavier than the other kids,leaving me feeling shy.I tried several diets,but none worked,and I ended up gaining weight.Another factor contributing to my weight gain was my love for cooking,especially rich,high-fat desserts,which I enjoyed preparing and,of course,eating.
When I finished high school at the age of 18,I weighed 215 cking the self-confidence to go to a new,faraway school,I decided to stay close to home instead of going away to college.I continued with my unhealthful eating habits and felt more miserable as the weight came on,but I did nothing about it except buy larger plus-size clothes.
My turning point came 10 years later at a friend’s New Year’s Eve party when I was at my all-time highest weight of 330 pounds.I caught my reflection in a mirror and the truth hit me: I was overweight and unhealthy,and unless I did something about it now,I would only get bigger and unhappier.
After leaving the party,I thought about my past weight-loss efforts and realized they didn’t work because they required me to give up foods I loved.Then I would constantly think about food and binge,abandoning the diet altogether.If I took a common-sense approach and ate smaller portions of all foods,I would be able to satisfy my hunger and not feel deprived.
My biggest challenge was finding a way to fit my passion for cooking into my healthier lifestyle.At first,I tried to stay away from the kitchen to prevent myself from thinking about food.The result: Food was all I thought about.There had to be some way to combine cooking with healthful eating.I found the solution after reading several low-fat cookbooks.With some trial and error,I could modify my favorite foods and make them low in fat,yet delicious.
The pounds started coming off,and when I started exercising(usually cardio and weight training five times a week),they seemed to melt away.I did n’t feel deprived,and I felt free to give my body the care and attention it deserved.
I lost 165 pounds over the next two years.I had many ups and downs,but I was determined to go on.Another challenge to me was not to beat myself up if I ate something that was unhealthy and to take it as a sign to abandon my healthful habits.Instead,I vowed to start again and always keep my goal in mind.
Thanks to losing weight and becoming fit I am in line with my body and myself.My dream is to help others realize the ease and benefits of low-fat cooking and eating.I’ve created and published a book of low-fat recipes(食谱) and run workshops and seminars(研讨会) on healthful eating.Now that I know what I can achieve when I set my mind to it,my dreams are no longer out of reach.I have finally found myself.
1.What factor contributed to the author’s failure in losing her weight at first?( )
A.Her laziness in starting exercising.
B.Her unwillingness to abandon low-fat desserts.
C.Her passion for cooking and unhealthy eating habits.
D.Her lack of maintenance tips.
2.What did the author do as she kept on gaining weight?( )
A.She tried a few low-fat diets.
B.She decided to stay away from home.
C.She bought herself clothes of larger sizes.
D.She could do nothing except that she felt deprived.
3.The author’s story tells us that .
A.it is important to have a balanced diet
B.cooking by oneself will make one healthy
C.trial and error is important in learning cooking
D.reading cookbooks will help to build up a good eating habit
4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?( )
A.She missed opportunity to attend college because of her shyness.
B.She didn’t attend the New Year’s Eve party because of her weight.
C.Her dream of becoming a beautiful girl came true after she lost weight.
D.She didn’t seriously consider losing her weight until she realized how fat she
was.
5.It can be concluded from the passage that .
A.you will live a healthy life if you cook yourself every day
B.you will feel deprived if one fails to give attention to your body
C.it is the most important thing for you to have some maintenance tips in order to keep fit
D.being overweight can not only be bad for your health but also bring you much trouble in your life
语篇解读:一个偶然的机会使一个因为随心所欲进食而导致体重严重超重的女孩改变了饮食的态度和方法,通过不懈的努力终于减肥成功。

答案及剖析:1.C细节理解题。

由第一段的...my weight gain was my love for cooking,especially rich,high-fat desserts,which I enjoyed preparing and,of course,eating可知,作者体重增加的原因是酷爱烹饪和吃高脂肪的甜点导致的,故选C项。

2.C 细节理解题。

由第二段的...as the weight came on,but I did nothing about it except buy larger plus-size clothes可知,随着作者体重的增加,她唯一能做的事情就是买更大号的衣服,故选C项。

其他三项均不符合文章的内容。

3.A 主旨大意题。

作者通过自己辛苦减肥的经历,告诉大家健康饮食的重要性。

最后一段的My dream is to help others realize the ease and benefits of low-fat cooking and eating表达了作者的愿望,故选A项。

4.D 细节理解题。

前两段提到作者虽然很胖,但一点也不注意饮食,在第三段提到参加朋友的新年聚会时看到镜子里肥胖且不健康的自己,猛然惊醒,故选D项。

由第二段的Lacking the self-confidence to go to a new,faraway school,I decided to stay close to home instead of going away to college可排除A项;由第三段的My turning point came 10 years later at a friend’s New Year’s Eve party...可排除B项;由最后一段的前两句话可排除C项。

5.D 推理判断题。

由全文内容可知,作者一开始由于肥胖而遭到别人嘲笑,因此变得不自信,而且也严重影响了身体健康,故选D项。

【疑难词汇解读】
1.deprived adj.被剥夺的;贫困的;缺少食物的
He had a deprived childhood.
他有过贫困的孩提时代。

2.out of reach 够不着,达不到
The ball was out of my reach.
我够不着这个球。

【长难句子分析】
既然我知道了当我专心做事的时候我会成功,我的梦想就不再遥远了。

阅读理解概述（2）题型探究
探究点一细节理解题
一、题型特点与命题方式
所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。

一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how 等提问)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。

抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型题的基础。

这类题型的题干常为：
When / Where did the story happen?
Which of the following statements is (not) correct?
Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?
Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?
All the statements are true except…
该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。

所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。

做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。

二、解题思路与应试技巧
细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。

通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：
1．对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。

把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。

2．词性或者语态的变化。

把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。

3．语言简化。

把原文中的复杂语言进行简化，成为正确答案。

4．正话反说。

把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。

干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。

干扰项有以下特征：
1．将原文内容扩大或缩小。

把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。

2．把未然当已然。

改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。

3．无中生有。

即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。

4．偷换概念。

把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。

5．文不对题。

这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。

下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。

1．直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节。

找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。

例1 【2011·全国卷Ⅰ】
Wanted, Someone for a Kiss
We’re looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM.You’ll work on the station’s music programmes.Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music.Please apply(申请) in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.
…
Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?
A．Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.
B．Mrs R．Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.
C．The Enterprise Shopping Centre.
D．Wealden District Council.
【解析】 A 直接细节题。

这则广告是招聘电台播音员的，因此A最合适。

例２【 2011·北京卷】As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that.I got a taste of that dream in 2001, when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday.
...
What happened to the author in 2001?
A．She flew an airplane.
B．She entered a competition.
C．She went on a hot air balloon ride.
D．She moved into a retirement community.
【解析】 C 直接细节题。

根据I got a taste of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday.可以选出最佳答案。

2．间接信息题
做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。

例3【 2011·北京卷】
…
On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom，I have a rule—no laptops, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.
…
Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with______.
A．the course material
B．others’ misuse of technology
C．discussion topics
D．the author’s class regulations
【解析】 D 间接细节题。

根据I have a rule—no laptops, iPads，phones，etc....some of them were not happy可知答案。

在这里我们需要把“rule”以及后面的some of them were not happy进行转换。

3．数字计算题
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。

具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。

文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。

解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。

例4 【 2011·辽宁卷】
...
According to the Coalition’s studies, of over two hundred million people living in the United States, up to three million are homeless—and the number is still growing…
How many people are homeless in the U．S.according to the Coalition’s studies? A．39% of the population.
B．200 million people.
C．About 3 million people.
D．About one­fifth of the population.
【解析】 C 细节理解题。

根据文中“...up to three million are homeless...”可知选C。

4．排列顺序题
这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。

做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。

例5 【2011·山东卷】
…
The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
…
Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5? A．scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair
B．computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
C．scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair
D．cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
【解析】 C 细节理解题。

根据This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.可知这种特殊的帽子接受来自大脑头皮的指令，然后传达给计算机，最后把指令传给轮椅。

5．图表图画题
在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，
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这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。

在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。

例6 【 2009·安徽卷】
The chart shows that from 2005 to 2008, ________.
A．the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 points
B．the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchanged C．the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decrease
D．the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase 精品K12学习资料。