人教高中英语选修9 U2 Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending a (共56张PPT)

Seabirds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen.
Using the weather
To help identify the position of a stream or river when …
What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer?
Navigator
sea
nautical instruments
find new islands or continee sea.
3. Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they are used? 1) compass (in ancient China) 2) astrolabe 3) sextant 4) sea / nautical / marine chart
4. Which ones do you think are still used today? Sea charts are still used today.
Read about what navigation was like before modern instruments were used.
Kept close to the shore, used nature such as the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, to help them, and used some of the instruments including a compass, astrolabe, etc.
2. Which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude? Latitude, because it was used to measure how far you had traveled from land on a straight line. It was discovered a long time before longitude.
Using navigational instruments
1. Finding longitude the compass
2. Finding latitude the bearing circle (方位圆) the astrolabe (星盘) the quadrant (象限仪, 四分仪) the sextant (六分仪)
Using celestial bodies
to plot the positions to work out the latitude a special cloud formation which indicates there is land close by
Using wildlife
If seaweed was fresh and smelled strongly, the ship was close to land.
Marco Polo 1254--1324
He is the most famous westerner to travel the Silk Road and the only person to provide information about China to the outside world. In 1271 he set out to reach the Mongol Empire and then China. In 1295, he arrived back in Europe. Three years later he was imprisoned by the Genoese. While in prison, he told the story
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How did seamen explore the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position?
Using nature
Keeping alongside the coastline Using celestial bodies Using wildlife Using the weather Using the sea
of his travels to a fellow prisoner who wrote his adventures down. When his book was published it became a best-seller.
The Map of Marco Polo’s voyage
3. Sailors used _s_ea__c_u_r_r_e_n_ts__o_r_t_id_e_s_a_n__d_ _w_i_n_d_s_ to increase their speed.
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What skills did sailors use to explore the seas and discover new lands?
He is regarded as one of the world’s greatest explores and navigators.
The four basic instruments for navigation: compass, astrolabe, sextant and nautical chart.
_m_a_t_h_e_m__a_ti_c_a_l _ta_b_l_e_s_____
Write down the working principles of the following instruments. Bearing circle: to compare the height
of the sun now with the position of the sun at midday. Astrolabe: to compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun.
Using instruments
Read again and fill in the blanks. There were two methods to find longitude: 1. _m_e_a_s_u_r_in__g_t_im__e_a_n_d__s_p_e_e_d____ 2. _co_m__p_a_s_s_a_n_d__c_o_m_p__li_c_a_te_d_____
A navigator explores new routes across the sea.
the Arctic Ocean
the Atlantic Ocean
Christopher Columbus 克里斯托弗 ·哥伦布
the Indian Ocean
the Pacific Ocean
Vasco da Gama 瓦斯科 ·达伽马
2. A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _c_lo_u_d_s_,_f_r_es_h__s_e_a_w_e_e_d_,_n_e_s_ti_n_g_b__ir_d_s _r_e_tu_r_n_i_n_g__h_o_m_e__in__t_h_e_e_v_e_n_in__g_o_r_f_o_g__.
compass
astrolabe
sextant
nautical chart
Answer the questions. 1. How do you think seamen found their
way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented?
To direct their sailing
Using nature
Use the information to analyze the navigational skills and write the answers in your own words.
1. To find the ship’s position at sea a sailor used t_h_e__N_o_r_t_h_S_t_a_r_a_n_d__t_h_e_s_u_n_.
Explorer
land
use compass and landmarks
find new places within an already identified island or continent
An explorer discovers new places on land.
Look at these famous people. Are they navigators or explorers? What do you know about them?
James Cook 1728-1779
James Cook was the greatest Britain navigator. Cook joined in the Royal Navy in 1755. In 1768 he was promoted and sent to the Pacific where he surveyed Tahiti, New Zealand, and Australia. On his famous second expedition (1772-1775) he explored Antarctica. In 1776 he undertook his third and final
Zheng He Marco Polo James Cook
Zheng He 1371-1433
He led a large fleet to explore Southeast Asia, India and the Middle East in the Ming Dynasty. Altogether he made 7 voyages in the 15th century. He travelled more than 50,000 km and visited 30 countries new to China and developed many trade links. He is considered one of the earliest naval explorers in Chinese history.
人教版 选修 9 Unit 2 reading
Arctic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Question: How many oceans are there in the world?
What is a navigator?
Ferdinand Magellan 费迪南德 ·麦哲伦
voyage in which he explored the West Coast of North America and tried to locate a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
On this voyage he discovered the Hawaiian Islands, and sailed up the coast of North America through the Bering Straits to the Arctic Ocean. On his return he was killed by Hawaiian islanders.