中国古今官衔职称的翻译

现代官衔职称的翻译
1 正职头衔翻译法
1) 用chief表示的职衔
总司令Commander-in-chief
总编辑Editor-in-chief
总参谋长Chief of General Staff
总工程师Chief Engineer
总会计师Chief Account
总建筑师Chief Architect
总裁判Chief Referee
图书馆馆长Chief Librarian
首席法官Chief Judge
检察长Chief Procurator（Procurator ate 检察院）
总裁/首席执行官Chief Executive Officer（CEO）
首席财务官Chief Financial Officer（CFO）
首席记者Chief Correspondent
首席谈判代表Chief Negotiator
部Ministry
司厅/局/处/科长Chief/Head of the Department/Bureau/Division/Section 县/区/乡/镇长Country/District/Township/Town Chief/Head
2) 用general表示的职衔
总书记General Secretary
检察长Procurator-general
审计长Auditor-general
秘书长Secretary-general
总领事Consul-general（consulate 领事馆/ambassador 大使/embassy 大使馆）总经理General Manager
3) 用head来表示的职衔
总教练Head Coach
总厨Head Chef
护士长Head Nurse
村长Village Head
列车长Head of a Train Crew
4) 用president表示的职衔
国家主席President
中国科学院院长President of the Chinese Academy of Science
最高人民法院院长President of the Supreme People’s Court
（大学）校长President
中国人民银行行长President/Governor of the Chinese People’s Bank
协会/学会/理事会会长President of an association/society/council
5) 用chairman表示的职衔
人大常委会委员长NPC Chairman
政治协商会议主席CPPCC Chairman
中央军委主席Chairman of the Central Military Commission
政党主席Chairman of a Political Party
公司董事长Chairman of the Board of Directors
大学系主任Chairman/Dean/Head of a department
6) 用director表示的职衔
总政治部主任Director of the General Political Department
办公厅主任Director of the General Office
亚洲司司长Director of the Department of Asian Affairs
人民日报社社长Director of the People’s Daily
编译局局长Director of the Compilation and Translation Bureau 研究所所长Director of a research institute
博物馆馆长Director of a museum
7) 用commissioner表示的职衔
行/公署专员Commissioner
自治州州长Commissioner
公安局局长Police Commissioner
8) 用commander表示的职衔
执行主席Executive Chairman
行政/执行秘书Executive Secretary
9) 用senior表示的职衔
高级工程师Senior Engineer
高级编辑Senior Editor
高级讲师Senior Lecturer
10) 用executive表示的职衔
执行主席Executive Chairman
执行秘书Executive Secretary
11) 其他
总理Premier（中）；Prime Minister
国务委员State Councilor（State Council 国务院）
部长Minister
省长Provincial Governor
顾问Advisor
2 副职头衔翻译法
1) 与前缀vice搭配的头衔（president, premier, chairman, minister, governor…）副主席Vice Chairman
副总理Vice Premier
副部长Vice Minister
副领事Vice Consul
副省长Vice Governor
副校长Vice Principal
2) 与前缀Deputy搭配的职衔（chief, head, mayor, director）
副市长Deputy/Vice Mayor
副书记Deputy Secretary
副秘书长Deputy Secretary-general
副检察长Deputy Chief Procurator
副参谋长Deputy Chief of Staff
副处/科长Deputy Division/Section Chief
3) 与前缀Associate搭配的职衔
副教授Associate Professor
副研究员Associate Research Fellow
3 “兼”“代理”“名誉”的翻译方法
1) “兼”的翻译方法：在主职和兼职之间加上and concurrently
上海市委书记兼市长Party Secretary and Concurrently Mayor of Shanghai 2) “代理”用acting
代主席Acting President
3) “名誉”有时用honorary，有时用emeritus（荣誉退休的）
名誉主席Honorary Chairman
名誉校长Emeritus President
中国古代官职1品到5品翻译
一品
丞相the Prime Minister
相国the Premier
大司马Great Minister of War
大将军Great General
大都督Commander in Chief
太尉Grand Commandant
太傅Grand Preceptor
大司空Great Minister of Public Works
大司徒the Chief Minister of the Interior
二品
骠骑将军General of the Flying Cavalry
车骑将军General of Chariots and Cavalry
镇东大将军Great General Who Guards the East
镇南大将军Great General Who Guards the South
镇西大将军Great General Who Guards the West
镇北大将军Great General Who Guards the North
征东大将军Great General Who Assails the East
征南大将军Great General Who Assails the South
征西大将军Great General Who Assails the West
征北大将军Great General Who Assails the North
光禄大夫Imperial Minister of State
卫将军General of Martial Might
中军大将军Great General of the Central Army
上军大将军Great General of the Upper Army
三品
光禄勋Chief of Palace Administration
太常Master of Ceremony
尚书令Chief of Secretariat
执金吾Chief of the Capital Guard
安东将军General Who Stabilizes the East
安南将军General Who Stabilizes the South
安西将军General Who Stabilizes the West
安北将军General Who Stabilizes the North
平北将军General Who Pacifies the North
平东将军General Who Pacifies the East
平南将军General Who Pacifies the South
平西将军General Who Pacifies the West
前将军General of the Forward Army
后将军General of the Rear
左将军General of the Left
右将军General of the Right
中领军Commandant of the Central Army
四品
御史中丞Imperial Minister
中坚将军General Who is the Core of the Army
骁骑将军General of Valiant Cavalry
游击将军General of Guerrilla Warfare
积弩将军General in Charge of the Production of Crossbows 积射将军General in Charge of the Production of Bows
城门校尉Commander Who Guards Gate
典军中郎将Chief Imperial Corps Commander
积弩都尉Commandant in Charge of the Production of Crossbows 持节都尉Commandant Who Holds Tallies
副军中郎将Deputy Imperial Corps Commander
典铠都尉Commandant in Charge of Amors
抚军中郎将Imperial Corps Commander Who Uplifts the Army
武卫中郎将Imperial Corps Commander of the Military Guard
五品
符节令Officer in Charge of Tallies
鹰扬将军General Who Displays Owl’s Might
折冲将军General Who Oppresses the Enemy with Ferocity
伏波将军General Who Overcomes Adversity
破虏将军General Who Eliminates Barbarians
横海将军General Who Crosses the Ocean
楼船将军General in Charge of Navy
复土将军General Who Restores Territory
牙门将军Garrison Commander
偏将军Assistant General
裨将军Deputy General。