亚洲：日本Noshiro Port工厂投入5亿日元用于项目扩展
日本名幸大陆软板产能全面转战越南
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国产化妆品品牌国际化战略研究【开题报告-文献综述-毕业论文】
本科毕业论文开题报告国际经济与贸易国产化妆品品牌国际化战略研究一、立论依据1.研究意义、预期目标目前，越来越多的国产化妆品品牌也已经意识到了提高品牌知名度和科技增值含量的重要性。
虽然国产化妆品进军国际市场发展滞后已是一个不争的事实，但这也说明拓展海外市场的空间极为广阔，是外贸发展潜在的增长点。
品牌的国际化打造不仅能在数量上实现外贸进出口新的扩张，而且能有效调整中国进出口产品结构。
因此准确定位国产化妆品，加速推动化妆品工业品牌国际化打造和转型升级的步伐对中国对外贸易今后的发展和壮大具有非常重要的意义。
本文通过对国产化妆品产业现状的分析，介绍化妆品产业的特点和品牌国际化打造的挑战，以佰草集和薇姿为例作对比分析研究，借鉴国外成熟品牌的国际化营销策略，在化妆品领域继承和发扬我国中医、中草药的精华，创建有中国特色的中草药化妆品，使国产化妆品品牌带有中国元素，为加大国产化妆品品牌的国际竞争力，加强品牌的国际化开拓提出借鉴之道和应变对策。
2.国内外研究现状（1）国外对品牌国际化的研究现状美国营销专家 La rry• Light（2004）指出，拥有市场比拥有工厂更为重要，而拥有国际市场的唯一办法就是拥有占统治地位的国际品牌。
品牌是企业的实力所在，如果没有自己的品牌，就谈不上发展。
片平秀贵（2003）也曾说品牌是继人力、物力、财力、信息之后的第五大经营资源的观点，而拥有一个国际性品牌则是一个企业的宝贵财产。
产品会陈旧，品牌则长盛不衰。
当前经济背景下，企业应立足于品牌国际化战略，并制定相应的对策积极实施“走出去”战略。
实践证明，国际知名企业的强大竞争力来自于它的品牌力量。
这些足以推动企业对品牌国际化的进一步研究，也必将启示我国企业去打造国际品牌, 研究品牌国际化及其所蕴含的产业价值。
Riesenbeck等（1991）通过对欧美品牌国际化企业的实证分析，指出品牌国际化可采取折中或混合策略，即不必在标准化与本土化之间采取一刀切的做法。
REPSOL_VETTING_PROCESS_AND_CRITERIA_2014_tcm11-689923
III. Effective Date
01 Aug 2014
Page 2 of 31
REPSOL VETTING PROCESS AND CRITERIA
IV. DEFINITIONS For the purpose of these procedures, the following definitions apply: Acceptable means the vessel can be used within the scope described above, and is the only rating that allows such use. This rating results from a favourable assessment based on information that we have deemed positive and sufficient. The rating of the vessel may be affected by relevant modifications concerning safety and operational systems, changes of name, technical operator, crew, flag, etc., as well as any incident, casualty or terminal negative feedback report, PSC detention or Memoranda or condition of Class. (See also “Vetting Assessment”.) Barge, for the purpose of these procedures, means a vessel carrying goods in rivers, inland navigation, lakes and ports, not sailing on open sea or bays and restricted by Flag Administration to inland water navigations. EBIS Barge: for the purpose of these procedures, means a vessel carrying goods in European rivers, not sailing on open sea or bay CAP (Condition Assessment Programme).- Independent and thorough scheme of inspections of the actual condition of a vessel. It is applicable as established in the present Vetting Process and Criteria and as defined in the Rules of the Classification Societies members of IACS. Cargo means any kind of material subject to a contract of transportation, mainly crude oil, oil products, chemical products, LPG, LNG, Lubricants, Liquid fertilizers and dry bulk cargoes. Charter Party means contract of affreightment signed between shipowner and charterer when hiring a vessel for the carriage of goods. Chief Officer and 2nd. Engineer terminology considered equivalent to 1st. Officer and 1st. Asst. Engineer for the purpose of these procedures. COA vessel means vessels included in a contract of affreightment to lift a fixed or determinable quantity of cargo of a specified type over a given period of time. EBIS the European Barge Inspection Scheme, is used to evaluate barges, tugs and dumb barges used to distribute oil and chemicals within Europe ESP (Enhanced Survey Programme).- It is applicable as established in SOLAS XI1/2 and as defined in Resolution A.744 (18). Heavy grade Oil: o o o crude oils, having a density at 15º C higher than 900 kg/m3; oils, other than crude oils, having either a density at 15º C higher than 900 kg/m3 or a kinematic viscosity at 50 º C higher than 180 mm2/s; or; bitumen, tar and their emulsions.
去哪儿网案例分析
去哪儿网案例分析目录一、内容概要 (3)1.1 背景介绍 (3)1.2 研究目的与意义 (4)1.3 研究方法与数据来源 (5)二、去哪儿网概述 (6)2.1 去哪儿网简介 (8)2.2 发展历程与业务模式 (9)2.3 核心竞争力分析 (10)三、去哪儿网成功因素分析 (11)3.1 产品与服务创新 (13)3.2 技术驱动的发展 (13)3.2.1 大数据与人工智能应用 (15)3.2.2 移动互联网战略 (16)3.2.3 云计算与大数据中心 (17)3.3 全球化布局 (19)3.3.1 国际化战略 (20)3.3.2 海外市场拓展 (21)3.3.3 合作伙伴关系建设 (23)四、去哪儿网面临的市场挑战与应对策略 (23)4.1 市场竞争加剧 (25)4.1.1 主要竞争对手分析 (26)4.1.2 市场份额变化 (27)4.2 法规政策调整 (28)4.2.1 旅游行业法规政策 (30)4.2.2 数据保护与隐私安全 (31)4.3 用户需求多样化 (32)4.3.1 用户行为分析 (33)4.3.2 个性化服务与体验优化 (34)五、去哪儿网的未来发展趋势与展望 (35)5.1 新兴技术与应用 (37)5.1.1 虚拟现实与增强现实技术 (38)5.1.2 无人驾驶与出行服务 (39)5.2 市场扩张与国际化战略 (40)5.2.1 新兴市场开拓 (41)5.2.2 国际合作与品牌输出 (43)5.3 社会责任与可持续发展 (44)5.3.1 环保与绿色出行 (45)5.3.2 社会公益项目参与 (46)六、结论 (48)6.1 研究总结 (49)6.2 管理启示与建议 (50)6.3 研究局限与未来展望 (52)一、内容概要本文档旨在深入剖析去哪儿网作为中国领先的在线旅游服务平台之一，其业务模式、运营策略及市场表现。
通过对其近期发展历程的详细回顾，结合行业背景和市场数据，我们将全面解析去哪儿网的竞争优势与挑战，并探讨其在未来旅游业发展中的潜在机遇。
商业实体店在日本的生存之道
商业实体店在日本的生存之道作者：宋志平来源：《商业文化》2019年第05期在全球电子商务持续升温的当下，日本的实体店不仅没有降温，还愈发显示出其价值感和生命力。
“活得好”的背后，是什么在支撑？1、让商场融入社会及城市机能大阪新开业EXPOCITY，是目前日本体量最大的综合体设施。
在约17.2万平方米的占地面积上，”EXPOCITY”配备了丰富的体验型休闲娱乐服务，8个大型娱乐设施和商业设施入驻，购物、娱乐、学习设施一体化。
日本最高的摩天轮、拥有日本最大imax屏幕的4d电影院，日本首个体验型英语教育设施EnglishVillage以及小羊肖恩主题娱乐天地等。
EXPOCITY还植入了最新科技和最新理念，将“娱乐”、“教育”、“购物”完美融合，让商场成为大阪北新娱乐的核心，全面融入居民生活。
GrandFront则整合了无数社会功能新业态，高科技实验室、大学研究所、品牌博物馆、创客空间、汽车主题馆、科技体验馆、展廊空间、沙龙空间等。
GrandFront融入各种社会功能，吸引更广区域的消费客群，增加消费粘性，如今已成为了大阪一大热门旅游地。
2、暖心的服务细节“人是万物的尺度”，这是普罗塔戈拉最著名的哲学观点。
实体业不会因为建设起来就有理由存在，而是应需而生，因为满足需求而被需要，才得以持续发展。
商业服务全部都是细节，“同一品牌同一款衣服在专卖店和百货店里面，本身是没有区别的，可是在商场的话，我能享受到更多附加服务。
听起来好像没什么了不起，不过这些细节真是让人暖心。
”具有坡度可以自动补货的货架、商业街间考虑太阳日照与阴雨天气设计的连廊，都在默默中传达着对顾客的尊重与体贴。
很多到日本考察过的企业，回国后也效仿增设了儿童手推车、急救药箱、手机加油站、宠物看管等服务设施，然而从内心感受出发，从细节上以顾客需求为视角的关注却还远远不够。
以人为本的精神在日本随处可见。
在专卖店买好东西，收银员在小票上盖好章便用吸油纸按在上面，吸走油墨，防止染色到其他物品;将包装好的商品递给客人之后，收银员还要走出柜台送一小段，然后接到下一个排队客人手中的物品，并引到柜台，继续收款、盖章、吸油、送别的流程;在餐厅就餐，营业区里的服务员一直在忙，却也能看到餐巾纸只剩半盒并及时塞满，保持整整齐齐，倘若看到酱油瓶、椅子偏离了原来的位置，也会及时复原。
HP LaserJet Pro CP1020 彩色打印机系列用户指南说明书
新代数控说明书
I n d e x產品規格 (3)產品機構 (4)機構尺寸圖(E Z2S) (4)板金開孔圖(E Z2S) (4)產品外觀圖(E Z2S) (5)E Z2S C O N N E C T E R介紹 (6)E Z2S接線示意圖 (7)I N:X1接腳定義&電氣介面 (8)O U T:Y1接腳定義&電氣介面 (9)H K接腳定義&電氣介面 (10)P1~P2接腳定義&電氣介面 (11)M P G接腳定義&電氣介面-1 (12)M P G接腳定義&電氣介面-2 (13)主軸接腳定義&電氣介面-1 (14)主軸接腳定義&電氣介面-2 (15)新代E Z S E R I E S數控系統規格 (16)服務據點 (17)S Y N T E C C N CE Z2S e r i e s產品規格新代ES系列控制器為低價車床控制器解決方案，內含2軸伺服控制、主軸以及手輪接口，面板前置CF讀卡機，16點I以及16點O與新代所有TB家族端子板、RIO子模組2軸伺服定位控制接口1個主軸Encoder接口，內含5V輸出1個手輪專用接口，內含A+.A-.B+.B-與外掛式手輪DI點與5V輸出面板前置cf card讀卡機輸入點數：16點(牛角接頭)輸出點數：16點(牛角接頭)第二面板專用接口(牛角接頭)外型尺寸：400mmx280mm後半部重新設計產品機構機構尺寸圖(EZ2S)板金開孔圖(EZ2S)產品外觀圖：(EZ2S)Top view Bottom ViewE Z2S C o n n e c t e r介紹P1、P2：伺服定位控制接口(D型15P)Spindle ENC：主軸ENCODER接口(D型15P)Spindle Command：主軸命令接口(歐規端子)MPG：手輪Encoder接口(D型15P)X1：輸入接口(20P牛角接頭)Y1：輸入接口(20P牛角接頭)HK：面板輸出入接口(26P牛角接頭)A、B：CF卡插槽Ｅｔｈｅｒｎｅｔ：網路線插孔ＫＥＹＢＯＡＲＤ：PS/2鍵盤接頭E Z 2S 接線示意圖I N:X1接腳定義&電氣介面外部輸入介面X1在EZ2S 控制器,有一組外部輸入接頭，可直接接至各種檢測感測器(如近接、微動開關等..)配合TB16IN使用，可簡化配線。
]锂离子电池用PVDF粘结剂调研资料
![]锂离子电池用PVDF粘结剂调研资料](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/3f19e8e24693daef5ef73dc1.png)
5.2 粘结剂表征手段 ................................................................................................................. 54
第 1 章 氟化工行业基本概况
1.1 氟化工产品
目录 第 1 章 氟化工行业基本概况......................................................................................................... 3 1.1 氟化工产品 ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 含氟聚合物 ............................................................................................................................ 3 第 2 章 PVDF 粘结剂在锂离子电池中的应用............................................................................ 10 2.1 锂离子电池粘结剂使用要求............................................................................................... 11 2.2 PVDF 的物理性能 ............................................................................................................... 12 2.3 聚合物的电化学稳定性....................................................................................................... 14 第 3 章 PVDF 粘结剂生产公司的信息调研................................................................................ 16 3.1 苏威(SOLVAY)集团............................................................................................................ 16 3.1.1 苏威（SOLVAY）集团公司简介 ............................................................................... 16 3.1.2 苏威集团产品线、事业群和海外分公司.................................................................... 17 3.1.3 苏威锂电用粘结剂信息(Solef ® PVDF) ..................................................................... 17 3.2 日本吴羽(Kureha)株式会社 ............................................................................................... 21 3.2.1 吴羽概况 ....................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.2 吴羽公司发展历程 ....................................................................................................... 21 3.2.3 全球分公司及网点布局 .............................................................................................. 22 3.2.4 吴羽公司事业部 ........................................................................................................... 25 3.2.5 吴羽 KF POLYMER 产品信息 .................................................................................... 25
DIN EN ISO 9227 (en)
September 2012Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 13No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 77.060!$~E,"1913409www.din.de DDIN EN ISO 9227Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres –Salt spray tests (ISO 9227:2012);English version EN ISO 9227:2012,English translation of DIN EN ISO 9227:2012-09Korrosionsprüfungen in künstlichen Atmosphären –Salzsprühnebelprüfungen (ISO 9227:2012);Englische Fassung EN ISO 9227:2012,Englische Übersetzung von DIN EN ISO 9227:2012-09Essais de corrosion en atmosphères artificielles –Essais aux brouillards salins (ISO 9227:2012);Version anglaise EN ISO 9227:2012,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 9227:2012-09©SupersedesDIN EN ISO 9227:2006-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.2708.12N o r m e n -D o w n l o a d -B e u t h -J O P P G m b H -K d N r .248840-L f N r .6307583001-2013-08-05 08:40DIN EN ISO 9227:2012-092A comma is used as the decimal marker.National forewordThis standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 156 “Corrosion of metals and alloys” (Secretariat: SAC, China) and has been adopted as EN ISO 9227:2012 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) within the scope of the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprüfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-01-71 AA Korrosion und Korrosions-schutz.The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 1456 DIN EN ISO 1456 ISO 1513 DIN EN ISO 1513 ISO 1514 DIN EN ISO 1514 ISO 2808 DIN EN ISO 2808 ISO 3613 DIN EN ISO 3613 ISO 3270 DIN EN 23270 ISO 3668 DIN EN ISO 3668 ISO 4527 DIN EN ISO 4527 ISO 4628-1 DIN EN ISO 4628-1 ISO 4628-2 DIN EN ISO 4628-2 ISO 4628-3 DIN EN ISO 4628-3 ISO 4628-4 DIN EN ISO 4628-4 ISO 4628-5 DIN EN ISO 4628-5 ISO 4628-8 DIN EN ISO 4628-8 ISO 7253 DIN EN ISO 7253 ISO 7599 DIN EN ISO 7599 ISO 8993 DIN EN ISO 8993 ISO 8994 DIN EN ISO 8994 ISO 10289 DIN EN ISO 10289 ISO 15528 DIN EN ISO 15528 ISO 17872DIN EN ISO 17872AmendmentsThis standard differs from DIN EN ISO 9227:2006-10 as follows: a) the standard has undergone minor revisions. Previous editionsDIN 50021: 1970-04, 1975-05, 1988-06 DIN 53167: 1972-08, 1985-12 DIN 45646: 1988-07DIN EN ISO 7235: 1995-09, 2004-02 DIN EN ISO 9227: 2006-10N o r m e n -D o w n l o a d -B e u t h -J O P P G m b H -K d N r .248840-L f N r .6307583001-2013-08-05 08:40DIN EN ISO 9227:2012-093National Annex NA(informative)BibliographyDIN EN 23270, Paints, varnishes and their raw materials — Temperatures and humidities for conditioning and testingDIN EN ISO 1456, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Electrodeposited coatings of nickel, nickel plus chromium, copper plus nickel and of copper plus nickel plus chromiumDIN EN ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples DIN EN ISO 1514, Paints and varnishes — Standard panels for testing DIN EN ISO 2808, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thicknessDIN EN ISO 3613, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Chromate conversion coatings on zinc, cadmium, aluminium-zinc alloys and zinc-aluminium alloys — Test methodsDIN EN ISO 3668, Paints and varnishes — Visual comparison of the colour of paintsDIN EN ISO 4527, Metallic coatings — Autocatalytic (electroless) nickel-phosphorus alloy coatings — Specification and test methodsDIN EN ISO 4628-1, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 1: General introduction and designation systemDIN EN ISO 4628-2, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 2: Assessment of degree of blisteringDIN EN ISO 4628-3, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 3: Assessment of degree of rustingDIN EN ISO 4628-4, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 4: Assessment of degree of crackingDIN EN ISO 4628-5, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 5: Assessment of degree of flakingDIN EN ISO 4628-6, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 6: Assessment of degree of chalking by tape methodDIN EN ISO 4628-7, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 7: Assessment of degree of chalking by velvet methodN o r m e n -D o w n l o a d -B e u t h -J O P P G m b H -K d N r .248840-L f N r .6307583001-2013-08-05 08:40DIN EN ISO 9227:2012-094DIN EN ISO 4628-8, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 8: Assessment of degree of delamination and corrosion around a scribe or other artificial defectDIN EN ISO 4628-10, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 10: Assessment of degree of filiform corrosionDIN EN ISO 7253, Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to neutral salt spray (fog) (withdrawn) DIN EN ISO 7599, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — General specifications for anodic oxidation coatings on aluminiumDIN EN ISO 8993, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Rating system for the evaluation of pitting corrosion — Chart methodDIN EN ISO 8994, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Rating system for the evaluation of pitting corrosion — Grid methodDIN EN ISO 10289, Methods for corrosion testing of metallic and other inorganic coatings on metallic substrates — Rating of test specimens and manufactured articles subjected to corrosion tests DIN EN ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — SamplingDIN EN ISO 17872, Paints and varnishes — Guidelines for the introduction of scribe marks through coatings on metallic panels for corrosion testingN o r m e n -D o w n l o a d -B e u t h -J O P P G m b H -K d N r .248840-L f N r .6307583001-2013-08-05 08:40EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORMEN ISO 9227May 2012ICS 77.060Supersedes EN ISO 9227:2006English VersionCorrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray testsEssais de corrosion en atmosphères artificielles - Essaisaux brouillards salins (ISO 9227:2012)Korrosionsprüfungen in künstlichen Atmosphären -Salzsprühnebelprüfungen (ISO 9227:2012)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 May 2012.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E U R O P ÉE N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O N EUR OP ÄIS C HES KOM ITEE FÜR NOR M UNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels© 2012 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 9227:2012: E(ISO 9227:2012)N o r m e n -D o w n l o a d -B e u t h -J O P P G m b H -K d N r .248840-L f N r .6307583001-2013-08-05 08:40Contents EN ISO 9227:2012 (E)DIN EN ISO 9227:2012-09 2PageForeword ..............................................................................................................................................................3 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................4 1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................5 2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 3 Test solutions .........................................................................................................................................6 3.1 Preparation of the sodium chloride solution ......................................................................................6 3.2 pH adjustment ........................................................................................................................................6 4.5 Collecting devices .................................................................................................................................8 4.6 Re-use .....................................................................................................................................................8 5 Method for evaluating cabinet corrosivity ..........................................................................................8 5.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................85.2 NSS test ..................................................................................................................................................9 5.3 AASS test ..............................................................................................................................................10 5.4 CASS test ..............................................................................................................................................11 6 Test specimens ....................................................................................................................................12 7 Arrangement of the test specimens...................................................................................................12 8 Operating conditions ...........................................................................................................................13 9 Duration of tests ..................................................................................................................................13 10Treatment of specimens after test .....................................................................................................14 11 Evaluation of results ...........................................................................................................................14 12Test report (1)Annex A (informative) Schematic diagram of one possible design of spray cabinet with meansfor treating fog exhaust and drain .....................................................................................................16 Annex B (informative) Complementary method for evaluating cabinet corrosivity using zincreference specimens ...........................................................................................................................18 Annex C (normative) Preparation of panels with organic coatings for testing ..........................................20 Annex D (normative) Required supplementary information for testing test panelswith organic coatings ..........................................................................................................................21 Bibliography (22)4 3.3 Filtration .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Apparatus ...............................................................................................................................................7 4.1 Component protection ..........................................................................................................................7 4.2 Spray cabinet .........................................................................................................................................7 4.3 Heater and temperature control ...........................................................................................................7 4.4 Spraying device .....................................................................................................................................7 65N o r m e n -D o w n l o a d -B e u t h -J O P P G m b H -K d N r .248840-L f N r .6307583001-2013-08-05 08:40ForewordThis document (EN ISO 9227:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 156 Corrosion of metals and alloys” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2012.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 9227:2006.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 9227:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 9227:2012 without any modification.“ EN ISO 9227:2012 (E)DIN EN ISO 9227:2012-093N o r m e n -D o w n l o a d -B e u t h -J O P P G m b H -K d N r .248840-L f N r .6307583001-2013-08-05 08:40IntroductionThere is seldom a direct relation between resistance to the action of salt spray and resistance to corrosion in other media, because several factors influencing the progress of corrosion, such as the formation of protective films, vary greatly with the conditions encountered. Therefore, the test results should not be regarded as a direct guide to the corrosion resistance of the tested metallic materials in all environments where these materials might be used. Also, the performance of different materials during the test should not be taken as a direct guide to the corrosion resistance of these materials in service.Nevertheless, the method described gives a means of checking that the comparative quality of a metallic material, with or without corrosion protection, is maintained.Salt spray tests are generally suitable as corrosion protection tests for rapid analysis for discontinuities, pores and damage in organic and inorganic coatings. In addition, for quality control purposes, comparison can be made between specimens coated with the same coating. As comparative tests, however, salt spray tests are only suitable if the coatings are sufficiently similar in nature.It is often not possible to use results gained from salt spray testing as a comparative guide to the long-term behaviour of different coating systems, since the corrosion stress during these tests differs significantly from the corrosion stresses encountered in practice.EN ISO 9227:2012 (E)DIN EN ISO 9227:2012-09 4N o r m e n -D o w n l o a d -B e u t h -J O P P G m b H -K d N r .248840-L f N r .6307583001-2013-08-05 08:401 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the apparatus, the reagents and the procedure to be used in conducting the neutral salt spray (NSS), acetic acid salt spray (AASS) and copper-accelerated acetic acid salt spray (CASS) tests for assessment of the corrosion resistance of metallic materials, with or without permanent or temporary corrosion protection.It also describes the method employed to evaluate the corrosivity of the test-cabinet environment.It does not specify the dimensions of test specimens, the exposure period to be used for a particular product, or the interpretation of results. Such details are provided in the appropriate product specifications.The salt spray tests are particularly useful for detecting discontinuities, such as pores and other defects in certain metallic, organic, anodic oxide and conversion coatings.The neutral salt spray test is the test method in which a 5 % sodium chloride solution in the pH range from 6,5 to 7,2 is atomized under a controlled environment. It particularly applies to:— metals and their alloys,— metallic coatings (anodic and cathodic),— conversion coatings,— anodic oxide coatings, and— organic coatings on metallic materials.The acetic acid salt spray test is the test method in which a 5 % sodium chloride solution with the addition of glacial acetic acid in the pH range from 3,1 to 3,3 is atomized under a controlled environment. It is especially useful for testing decorative coatings of copper + nickel + chromium, or nickel + chromium. It has also been found suitable for testing anodic coatings on aluminum.The copper-accelerated acetic acid salt spray test is the test method in which a 5 % sodium chloride solution with the addition of copper chloride and glacial acetic acid in the pH range from 3,1 to 3,3 is atomized under a controlled environment. It is useful for testing decorative coatings of copper + nickel + chromium, or nickel + chromium. It has also been found suitable for testing anodic coatings on aluminum.The salt spray methods are all suitable for checking that the comparative quality of a metallic material, with or without corrosion protection, is maintained. They are not intended to be used for comparative testing as a means of ranking different materials relative to each other with respect to corrosion resistance.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1514, Paints and varnishes — Standard panels for testing ISO 2808, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thicknessISO 3574, Cold‑reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualitiesISO 8407, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Removal of corrosion products from corrosion test specimensEN ISO 9227:2012 (E)DIN EN ISO 9227:2012-095N o r m e n -D o w n l o a d -B e u t h -J O P P G m b H -K d N r .248840-L f N r .6307583001-2013-08-05 08:40ISO 17872, Paints and varnishes — Guidelines for the introduction of scribe marks through coatings on metallic panels for corrosion testing3 Test solutions3.1 Preparation of the sodium chloride solutionDissolve a sufficient mass of sodium chloride in distilled or deionized water with a conductivity not higher than 20 µS/cm at 25 °C ± 2 °C to produce a concentration of 50 g/l ± 5 g/l. The sodium chloride concentration of the sprayed solution collected shall be 50 g/l ± 5 g/l. The specific gravity range for a 50 g/l ± 5 g/l solution is 1,029 to 1,036 at 25 °C.The sodium chloride shall contain less than 0,001 % mass fraction of copper and less than 0,001 % mass fraction of nickel, as determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry or another analytical method of similar sensitivity. It shall not contain more than 0,1 % of a mass fraction of sodium iodide, or more than 0,5 % of a mass fraction of total impurities calculated for dry salt.NOTE If the pH of the prepared solution at 25 °C ± 2 °C is outside the range 6,0 to 7,0, investigate the presence of undesirable impurities in the salt and/or the water.3.2 pH adjustment3.2.1 pH of the salt solutionAdjust the pH of the salt solution to the desired value on the basis of the pH of the sprayed solution collected.3.2.2 NSS testAdjust the pH of the salt solution (3.1) so that the pH of the sprayed solution collected within the test cabinet (4.2) is 6,5 to 7,2 at 25 °C ± 2 °C. Check the pH using electrometric measurement or in routine checks, with a short-range pH paper, which can be read in increments or 0,3 pH units or less. Make any necessary corrections by adding hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate solution of analytical grade.Possible changes in pH may result from loss of carbon dioxide from the solution when it is sprayed. Such changes can be avoided by reducing the carbon dioxide content of the solution by, for example, heating it to a temperature above 35 °C before it is placed in the apparatus, or by making the solution using freshly boiled water.3.2.3 AASS testAdd a sufficient amount of glacial acetic acid to the salt solution (3.1) to ensure that the pH of samples of sprayed solution collected in the test cabinet (4.2) is between 3,1 and 3,3. If the pH of the solution initially prepared is 3,0 to 3,1, the pH of the sprayed solution is likely to be within the specified limits. Check the pH using electrometric measurement at 25 °C ± 2 °C, or in routine checks, with a short-range pH paper which can be read in increments of 0,1 pH units or less. Make any necessary corrections by adding glacial acetic acid or sodium hydroxide of analytical grade.3.2.4 CASS testDissolve a sufficient mass of copper(II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl 2⋅2H 2O) in the salt solution (3.1) to produce a concentration of 0,26 g/l ± 0,02 g/l [equivalent to (0,205 ± 0,015) g of CuCl 2 per litre].Adjust the pH using the procedures described in 3.2.3.3.3 FiltrationIf necessary, filter the solution before placing it in the reservoir of the apparatus, to remove any solid matter which might block the apertures of the spraying device.EN ISO 9227:2012 (E)DIN EN ISO 9227:2012-09 6N o r m e n -D o w n l o a d -B e u t h -J O P P G m b H -K d N r .248840-L f N r .6307583001-2013-08-05 08:404 Apparatus4.1 Component protectionAll components in contact with the spray or the test solution shall be made of, or lined with, materials resistant to corrosion by the sprayed solution and which do not influence the corrosivity of the sprayed test solutions.4.2 Spray cabinetThe cabinet shall be such that the conditions of homogeneity and distribution of the spray are met. The upper parts of the cabinet shall be designed so that drops of sprayed solution formed on its surface do not fall on the specimens being tested.The size and shape of the cabinet shall be such that the collection rate of solution in the cabinet is within the limits specified in Table 2, measured as specified in 8.3.Preference shall be given to apparatus that has a means for properly dealing with fog after the test, prior to releasing it from the building for environmental conservation, and for drawing water prior to discharging it to the drainage system.NOTEA schematic diagram of one possible design of spray cabinet is shown in Annex A.4.3 Heater and temperature controlAn appropriate system maintains the cabinet and its contents at the specified temperature (see Table 2). The temperature shall be measured at least 100 mm from the walls.4.4 Spraying deviceThe device for spraying the salt solution comprises a supply of clean air, of controlled pressure and humidity, a reservoir to contain the solution to be sprayed, and one or more atomizers.The compressed air supplied to the atomizers shall be passed through a filter to remove all traces of oil or solid matter, and the atomizing pressure shall be at an overpressure of 70 kPa 1) to 170 kPa. The pressure should be 98 kPa ± 10 kPa.NOTE Atomizing nozzles can have a “critical pressure” at which an abnormal increase in the corrosiveness of the salt spray occurs. If the “critical pressure” of a nozzle has not been established with certainty, control of fluctuations in the air pressure within ±0,7 kPa, by installation of a suitable pressure regulator valve, minimizes the possibility that the nozzle will be operated at its “critical pressure”.In order to prevent the evaporation of water from the sprayed droplets, the air shall be humidified before entering the atomizer by passing through a saturation tower containing hot distilled water or deionized water at a temperature 10 °C above that of the cabinet. The appropriate temperature depends on the pressure used and on the type of atomizer nozzle and shall be adjusted so that the rate of collection of spray in the cabinet and the concentration of the collected spray are kept within the specified limits (see 8.3). In Table 1, guiding values are given for the hot-water temperature in the saturation tower at different pressures. The level of the water shall be maintained automatically to ensure adequate humidification.-B e u t h -J O P P G m b H -K d N r .248840-L f N r .6307583001-2013-08-05 08:40Table 1 — Guiding values for the temperature of the hot water in the saturation towerAtomizing overpressureGuiding values for the temperature, in °C, of the hot water in the saturation tower when performing the different salt spray tests kPa Neutral salt spray (NSS) and acetic acid salt spray (AASS)Copper‑accelerated acetic acidsalt spray (CASS)704561844663984864112496612650671405269The atomizers shall be made of inert material. Baffles may be used to prevent direct impact of the spray on the test specimens, and the use of adjustable baffles is helpful in obtaining uniform distribution of the spray within the cabinet. For this purpose, a dispersion tower equipped with an atomizer may also be helpful. The level of the salt solution in the salt reservoir shall be maintained automatically to ensure uniform spray delivery throughout the test.4.5 Collecting devicesAt least two suitable collecting devices shall be available, consisting of funnels made of chemically inert material, with the stems inserted into graduated cylinders or other similar containers. Suitable funnels have a diameter of 100 mm, which corresponds to a collecting area of approximately 80 cm 2. The collecting devices shall be placed in the zone of the cabinet where the test specimens are placed, one close to an inlet of spray and one remote from an inlet. They shall be placed so that only mist, and not liquid falling from specimens or from parts of the cabinet, is collected.4.6 Re‑useIf the cabinet has been used once for an AASS or CASS test, or has been used for any other purpose with a solution differing from that specified for the NSS test, it shall not be used for the NSS test.It is nearly impossible to clean a cabinet that was once used for AASS or CASS testing so that it can be used for an NSS test. However, in such circumstances, the equipment shall be thoroughly cleaned and checked using the method described in Clause 5, ensuring in particular that the pH of the collected solution is correct throughout the entire spraying period. After this procedure, the specimens to be tested are placed in the cabinet.5 Method for evaluating cabinet corrosivity5.1 GeneralTo check the reproducibility and repeatability of the test results for one piece of apparatus, or for similar items of apparatus in different laboratories, it is necessary to verify the apparatus at regular intervals as described in 5.2 to 5.4.NOTE During permanent operation, a reasonable time period between two checks of the corrosivity of the apparatus is generally considered to be 3 months.To determine the corrosivity of the tests, reference-metal specimens made of steel shall be used.As a complement to the reference-metal specimens made of steel, high-purity zinc reference-metal specimens may also be exposed in the tests in order to determine the corrosivity against this metal as described in Annex B.-B e u t h -J O P P G m b H -K d N r .248840-L f N r .6307583001-2013-08-05 08:40。
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NISSHINCHO，OMIRATel：0081-48-668-5055 Fax：0081-48-668-1243社长：荻谷弘康复资本金：1，500万日元老派从业人数：4人设立：1983年6月业务内容：冷冻蔬菜等农业产业加工品特色：中国贸易的多年的业务经验有专业商社（株）葵源六甲AOLGEN-ROKKOCORP地址：京都府京都市南区久世高田町126Tel：0081-75-931-5525 Fax：0081-75-931-5584社长：杉山正义资本金：1000万日元老派从业人数：3人设立：1993年3月业务内容：食品青山贸易（株）http/AOYAMA TRADECO,LTD地址：兵车县姬路市青山14641464，AOYAMA，HIMEJI，HYOGOTel：0081-792-66-6035 Fax：0081-792-67—4624 E-mail:aoyamaz@siluer.ocn.ne.jp社长：赵善云资本金：1000万日元从业人数：15人设立：1992年10月业务内容：化学品（株）本铺AKACHAN HONPOCO，LTD地址：大阪府大阪市中央区南本町3-3-213-3-21 MINAMI-HONMACHI，CHUO-KU，OSAKATel：0081-6-6251-0625 Fax：0081-6-6251-3340社长：小原正司资本金：19000万日元从业人数：2700人设立：1941年2月业务内容：进口生活用品及生产资料朝阳贸易（株）ASAHI TRADINGCO，LTD地址：东京都中央区八丁堀4-10-4 白铜第一HKUDODALLTLBLDG，4-10-4，HATTYOBORL，CHUO-KU，TOKYO Tel：0081-3-3351-0771 Fax：0081-3-3351-2344社长：华井满资本金：9600万日元从业人数：50人设立：1968年9月业务内容：原料羽毛，进出口食品原料及健康食品（株）亚细亚交易AJAKOEKICO，LTD地址：大分县别府市原町18-2418-24，HARA-MACHI，BEPPU，OITATel：0081-977-21-0888 Fax：0081-977-21-2048 E-mail：tukasaki@mocha.ocn.ne.jp社长：圜田展久资本金：2000万日元从业人数：3人设立：1972年5月业务内容：进口竹制品制药（株）ASGENPHARMACEUTICAL CO，LTDhttp/www.asgen.cojp地址：爱知县名古屋市东区泉2-28-22-28-2，IZUML，HLGASHI-KU，NAGOYATel：0081-52-9031-1212 Fax：0081-52-931-1331E-mail:asgen@asgen.co.jp社长：水墅昌树资本金：1000万日元从业人数：60人设立：1968年1月业务内容：中药材，中成药，化工医药品，食品原料（株）甘栗太郎AMAGURITARO CO，LTD地址：东京都千代田区神田松永町1111，MATSUNAGACHO，KANDA，CHIYODA-KU，TOKYO Tel：0081-3-3251-9021 Fax：0081-3-3251-9280社长：田中康则资本金：1280万日元从业人数：130人设立：1956年11月业务内容：天津甘栗（株）新井清太郎商店SEITARO ARAICO，LTD地址：神奈川县横浜市中区尾上町1-81-8，ONOE-CHO-NAKA-KU，YOKOHANATel：0081-45-681-6729 Fax：0081-45-662-2357社长：新井光世资本金：2000万日元从业人数：100人设立：1888年4月业务内容：香辛料，辣椒干，脱水蔬菜，植物生产品，柳腾制品，轻工品。
岩谷
「世の中に必要な人間となれ、世の中に必要なものこそ栄える」企業理念「世の中に必要な人間となれ、世の中に必要なものこそ栄える」は、創業者岩谷直治の事業哲学を表現したもので、ダーウゖンの「進化論」をヒントに、人も企業も狩猟型よりも息の長い農耕型の努力が必要だという思いが込められており、「世の中に必要とされるもの」が互いに扶け合うことに価値の基準を置き、社会や生活者の満足・CS（カスタマー・サテゖスフゔクション）を追い続けようというものです。
その象徴的な例がLPガス事業です。
主婦の台所労働を軽減しつつ家庭の燃料革命を進めてきたワタニのLPガスは、今や、暮らしに、事業に、ゕウトドゕに、緊急時に信頼できるクリーンエネルギーとして広くご利用いただいております。
この地球にやさしいLPガスは、日本全国のみならず中国、東南ゕジゕにまで届けられていますが、LPガスに続く究極のエネルギーとして、創業者岩谷直治が早くから事業化を提唱してきた液体水素というさらなるクリーンエネルギーの追求・実現へと発展しております。
他方「世の中に必要とされるもの」に応える社会貢献活動はきわめてユニークなもので、とくに岩谷直治記念財団は、資源・エネルギー分野における学術研究への助成と中国、東南ゕジゕからの留学生支援に顕著な実績を上げております。
また、NHK交響楽団との事業協力に基づく文化活動では、権威ある有馬賞やメセナ賞を受けるなど各界から高い評価を得ております。
「住みよい地球がワタニの願いです」――昭和45年に採択した企業スローガンは今も瑞々しく、ワタニの先見性と実行力がますます求められてくることと思います。
ガス＆エネルギーそれは、暮らしと産業を支え、社会の明日を拓いてきたみなもとです。
それは、何万年、何億年もかけて地球がつくってくれた、人類への贈り物です。
ガス＆エネルギー。
私たちワタニは、このかけがえのない資源を扱う企業として歩んできました。
英文投标书模板
英文投标书模板篇一:标书(英文版)样本及常用词汇标书中英文样本及常用词汇1. Tender1.1 Among the tender documents, tenderers shall fill out completely the Business Tender, Technical Tender, Tender List and Tender Quotation. The Quotation (all items in the Quotation shall be filled out except for the prices) and three copies (one Original and two Duplicates) of the Instructions to Quotations as well as the letter of guarantee from the bank of tenderers must be sealed separately, and be submitted together with the tender documents.1.2 The Attachment 6 to be submitted after the tender documents have been clarified the Original and Duplicate copies of the Quotation must be sealed separately in different envelops, on which the item names, tender codes, tenderer addresses, words of ‘Original’, ‘Duplicate’ and‘Item Price’ and ‘Confidential’ must be written. Ane-version of the Quotation (in WORD format) that is1separately sealed must be furnished at the same time.2. Tender Offers2.1 On the tender offer summary sheet and the item tender offer sheets, tenderers shall indicate clearly the unit price (if applicable) and the total price of the goods planned to be provided according to the Contract.2.2 Prices on the item tender offer sheet shall be filled out in the following manner:2.2.1 Goods provided from the People’s Republic ofChina:1) Price of delivering goods to the site, inclusive of the EXW (inclusive of VAT), transportation cost from factory to site, insurance premium, costs generated because of the delivery of goods, as well as other incidental expenses.2) Cost for technical services and trainingsThis item includes:A) Cost for technical service provided by the Seller’spersonnel:Expenses for on-site installation instruction, debugging, and inspectionB) Expenses for training the personnel of the Buyer3) In the tender price sheet, tenderers shall include the2unit prices of the attached parts and components, special tools and instrumentations that are listed in the Technical Specifications. Theprice of these goods shall be included into the tender sum, and shall be deliberated at the tender evaluation.4) Tenderers shall list separately parts and components that satisfy the recommended three years’ normaloperation, and quote their prices. The owner has the option to purchase these goods, and their expenses will be referred to at the tender evaluation.2.2.2 Goods provided outside the People’s Republic ofChina:1) Shanghai CIF berth terms (the price is inclusive of the packaging cost of equipments and documents, as well asunloading expenses in the destination). When offering, tenders may obtain insurance services from an eligible country of origin that is to the satisfaction of the People’sRepublic of China or the Buyer.2) Expenses for technical services and trainingsThis item includes:A) Expenses for technical services provided by the Seller: costs for on-site project installation instruction, debugging,3and testingB) Training expenses for the BuyerThe above A) and B) clauses refer to the expenses of the Selleritself and do not include the cost for Buyer’spersonnel for traveling abroad.Tenderers shall list and offer separately after the item tenderoffer sheet the cost per person per day for Buyer’spersonnel to attend designing communication meetings and factory inspection outside China and to receive trainings from Seller outside China. Expenses of the above three items will serve as references for Buyer when the Contract is signed, but will not be included into the tender sum. It is to make it convenient for Buyer to compare and choose from the combinations of the final contract price. It does not restrict the rights of Buyer to choose one quotation or the combination of several quotations to sign the Contract.3) In the tender price sheet, tenderers shall list the unit price of the required parts, components, special tools andinstrumentations that are listed in the Technical Specifications. The prices of these goods shall be included in the tender sum for tender evaluation.4) Tenderers shall list and quote separately parts and4components that satisfy the three years’ recommendednormal operation. The owner has the option to purchase these goods, the price of which will serve as reference for Tenderee at tender evaluation.2.3 Ex works (EXW), CIF, ‘carriage and insurance paidto’ (CIP) and other technical terms shall be construed according to the 2000 Paris version of International Chamber of Commerce Terms (Incoterms 2000).2.4 According to Clause 2.2 of the Notice, tenderers shall dividethe tender price into several parts, the sole objective of which is to make it convenient for Tenderee and Buyer to compare the tender documents, but will not restrict Buyer’srights to conclude the Contract according to any of the above terms.2.5 A tender price offered by a tenderer shall remain unchanged during the performance of the Contract, but shall not be modified because of any reasons. According to Clause 2.4 of the Notice, tender documents containing any adjustable prices will be rejected as non-responsive tenders.3. Tender CurrencyGoods and services to be provided by tenderers shall be quoted inthe currency of US dollar.54. Tender bond4.1 Tenderers shall submit a tender bond that is no less than 2% of the total sum of the tender offer. It shall be part of the tender.4.2 Tender bond is designed to protect Tenderee and Buyer fromlosses because of any actions of tenderers. In caseTenderee and Buyer suffers any losses because of any actions of tenderers, the tender bond will be confiscated according to Clause 15.7 of the Notice.4.3 The tender bond shall be in the tender currency and shall be in the following form:A bank that enjoys good reputation in or outside the People’s Republic of China issues a letter of guarantee and anirrevocable stand-by letter of credit in the form provided by the tender invitation documents or in a form that is acceptable to Tenderee, the valid period being thirty (30) days more than the valid period of the tender;4.4 Tenders to which a tender bond is not attached according to Clause 15.1 and 15.3 of the Notice shall be rejected as non-responsive tenders according to Clause 24 of6the Notice.4.5 Tender bonds of tenderers who fail in the tender will bereturned to tenders in full amount as soon as possible and no later than thirty (30) days after the expiration of the valid period of the tender as provided in Clause 16 of the Notice.4.6 The tender bond of the successful tenderer will be returnedafter the tenderer signs the Contract according to Clause 34 of the Notice and submits the performance bond according to Clause 35 of the Notice.4.7 Tender bond will be confiscated in case:1) Tenderers withdraw their tenders within the valid period of the tender as provided in the tender invitation documents; or2) The successful tenderer fails to sign the Contract within the prescribed period according to Clause 34 of the Notice; or3) The successful tenderer fails to submit the performance bondwithin the prescribed period according to Clause 35 of the Notice.5. Valid period of tender5.1 According to Clause 19 of the Notice, a tender remains validwithin the 180 days after the prescribed tender opening7date. Tenders with an ineligible valid period shall be rejected asnon-responsive tenders.6(Termination of Contract for Buyer’s Convenience6.1 Buyer may send a written notice to Seller at any time for itsown convenience to terminate all or part of the Contract. Thetermination notice shall indicate clearly that it is for Buyer’s convenience that the Contract is terminated, the scale to which the Contract is terminated, as well as the effective date of the termination.6.2 Buyer shall receive according to the original contract price and terms goods that Seller has completed and prepared for shipping within thirty (30) days after it receives the termination notice. For the restof goods, Buyer may:1) Accept only part of goods according to the original contractprice and terms; or2) Cancel the purchase to the remained goods, and pay Seller the amount agreed by both parties for part of the goods and services completed as well as materials and parts Seller has purchased.7( Dispute Settlement7.1 Both parties shall aim to settle any disputes concerning the Contract or the execution of the Contract8through consultation. In case any dispute cannot be settled within60 days after the consultation begins, it shall be brought to arbitration.7.2 Arbitration shall be held in Beijing or some other place within China by China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Committee (CIETAC) according to its arbitration rules and procedures. Except where both sides otherwise agree, the official language for arbitration shall be English.7.3 The arbitration award shall be final and has legal bindingforces to both sides.7.4 The cost for arbitration shall be borne by the losing party ifit is not otherwise ruled by the arbitration authority.7.5 During arbitration, except for the parts of the Contract that is under arbitration, other parts of the Contract shall continue to rule.8(Contract languages8.1 Except where both sides otherwise agree, the Contract languages shall be Chinese and English, and the Chinese version shall prevail. Correspondences between both sides concerning the Contract shall be written in the Contract languages.99(Applicable lawThe Contract shall be construed according to laws of thePeople’s Republic of China标书常用词汇:报价 quotation、采购 procurement、撤标 withdrawal of bid、承包商contractor、澄清要求 requests of clarification、迟到的标书 late bid、采购代理 procurement agent、采购公告 procurement notice、采购计划 procurement plan、采购决定 procurement decision、付款方式 methods of payment、工程范围scope of works、工程量清单 bill of quantities、工程量清单报价 priced bill of quantities、工期 days for construction、公开招标 open tendering、固定总价 fixed lump sum、分包商 subcontractor、封标 sealing of bid、货物清单 list of goods、计划完工日期 intended completion date、每投标人一标 one bid per bidder、评标标准 evaluation criteria、潜在的投标人potential bidder、施工机械 construction equipment,construction plant、实质性响应 substantial response, besubstantially responsive to、事后情况说明 debriefing、事后审查 post review、事前审查 prior review、适用法律 applicable law、授予合同 award of contract、替代方案 alternative solution、替代建议alternative proposal、两步法10招标 two-stage bidding、履约保证金 performance security、合格标准eligibility criteria、合格的投标人 eligible bidder、合同价格 contract price、合同金额 contract amount、核标 examination of bid、初步描述preliminary description、初步设计 preliminary design、错误纠正correction of error、单一招标或局限性招标 single or restricted tendering、通用条款 general terms and conditions、土建承包商 civil construction contractor、完工日期 date of completion, completion date、完税后交货 Delivered Duty Paid, DDP、违约赔偿 liquidated damages、现场参观 site visit、现场查勘 site survey、现场管理人员 site management personnel、现场技术人员 site technical personnel、响应性responsiveness、项目评估文件 Project Appraisal Document, PAD、项目时间表，项目计划 project schedule、修改标书 modification of bid、选择性招标 selective tendering、询价采购 shopping、银行保函 bank guarantee、应标response to the bidding documents、有限国际招标 Limited International Bidding, LIB、招标代理 bidding agency、招标附录 appendix to tender、招标公告 notification of bidding, tender notice、招标号 bidding no., tendering no、招标文件澄清 clarification of bidding documents、招标文件修改 amendment of bidding documents、招标资料表11bidding data sheet, tendering data sheet、招投标范围 scope of bid、争端解决 settlement of dispute、政府采购法government procurement law、政府采购协议 government procurement agreement、政府采购指令 government procurement directives、直接签订合同direct contracting、中标标准 award criteria、中标通知 notification of award, award of tender、注册地点 place of registration、专用条款special terms and conditions、准备投标书 preparation of bid, preparation of tender、资金来源 source of fund、资质信息qualification information、自营工程 force accounting、技术规范 specifications、监理 supervisor、建筑工程construction works、交货时间 delivery time、接受函 letter of acceptance、截止时间 deadline、截至日期 deadline、解释要求 requests of explanation、局限性招标 limited tendering、开标bid opening, tender opening, opening oftender、开标地点 place of bid opening、开工日期 date of commence、联营体 joint venture、投标保证金 bid security, tender security、投标保证金bid security、投标费用 cost of bidding、投标函 bid letter、投标价格 bid price、投标书澄清 clarification of bid、投标书的提交 submission of bid, submission of tender、投标书有效期 validity of bid、投标书有效期延长 extension of validity of bid、投标书语言12language of bid、投标书组成 documents comprising the bid、投标邀请 invitation for bids, invitation to tenders、投标有效性 bid availability、投标人合格性 eligibility of bidder、投标人须知 instruction to bidders, instruction to tenderers、投标人资质 qualifications of the bidder、投标书 bid, tender篇二:标书中英文翻译样本及常用词汇西安标书翻译:标书中英文翻译样本及常用词汇发布时间:2010-7-29 阅读次数:699 字体大小: 【小】【中】【大】西安标书翻译:标书中英文翻译样本及常用词汇1. 投标书Tender1.1 投标人应完整地填写招标文件中提供的商务投标书、技术投标书、投标一览表和投标报价表(包括投标报价汇总表和分项报价表)。
《建筑废弃物再生集料应用技术规范》标准全文
3 再生集料.........................................................................................................................................................3 3.1 一般规定.................................................................................................................................................3 3.2 技术要求.................................................................................................................................................3
标竿学习（Benchmarking）的原则在於和最佳实务（Best
一、引言 (2)二、產業概述 (2)三、關鍵成功要素分析 (3)3-1：策略規劃與領導 (3)3-1-1 DQLP品質領導流程 (4)3-1-2 策略發展流程 (5)3-1-3 創新學習的環境 (5)3-1-4 組織績效評估 (6)3-1-5 改進領導力 (7)3-1-6 企業哲學與責任 (7)3-1-7 環境安全與保障 (8)3-1-8 人力資源管理 (8)3-1-9 供應商合作 (8)3-2：資訊分析與共享 (8)3-2-1 績效管理 (9)3-2-2 資源配置 (9)3-3：顧客與市場聚焦 (10)3-3-1 顧客與市場知識管理 (10)3-3-2 傾聽與學習 (10)3-3-3 顧客焦點與評估 (11)3-3-4 矯正行動報告 (11)3-3-5 顧客滿意度 (12)3-3-6 績效評估 (12)3-4：人力資源管理 (12)3-4-1 工作系統 (13)3-4-2 報償與誘因 (13)3-4-3 員工教育、訓練與發展 (13)3-4-4 員工福利與滿意度 (14)3-5：作業流程管理 (15)3-5-1 流程設計 (15)3-5-2 品質與產品績效要求 (15)3-5-3 評估與改進流程 (16)3-5-4 支援流程 (17)3-5-5 供應商與合作流程 (17)3-5-6 流程改進 (18)策略意涵 (18)資料來源 (20)一、引言標竿學習（Benchmarking）的原則在於和最佳實務（Best practice）或世界級（world-class）的行業做比較，經過分析之後，將最佳實務整合至本身的作業流程之中，提升企業的競爭力。
標竿學習根據Michael J. Spendolini的說法可分為五個階段流程，首先第一個階段便是『決定向標竿學習什麼？』在此，針對汽車零組件業，本團隊遴選出在2000年榮獲美國國家品質獎（Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award）的Dana 汽車零件公司，旗下共有七個策略事業單位（Strategic Business units），其中獲獎的事業單位便是隸屬於汽車系統（Automobile System Group）的Spicer Driveshaft部門。
商场swot分析
20 0
0
15 3
45
13 1
13
12 2
24
10 2
20
10 2
20
8
-1
-8
7
1
7
5
1
5
共计
100
126
神经再生
评分
权衡评 分
0
0
3
45
1
願景
多元化賣場-休閒與便利 走進每一位顧客的生活中 長期低價，一次購足
建議
確實把握商品品質
企業願景＆建議 燦坤實業
願景
成為以顧客滿意為核心的服務產業 建議 完善的訓練制度以提供完善服務
企業願景＆建議 特力屋
願景பைடு நூலகம்
問的到、找的到、辦的到的顧客服務 創造優質居家環境 最短的時間內完成訂購或結帳流程
百貨批發零售業SWOT分析
機會（opportunity）
現代人的消費習慣 沒有營業時間限制 周邊環境 大型商場販賣品項多
百貨批發零售業SWOT分析
威脅（threat）
國外零售業具備國際通路與資金優勢 各國貿易協定使台灣企業擴張成本增加
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为什么要作市场分析
-不能量化市场细分 -不能量化市场营销目标 -不能建立可量化的市场营销目 标 -不能清楚的鉴别机会 -想要发展新的机会
2
1
高于平均水平，比大多数要好，质量要好
0 中等，目前没有问题，一般。
-1 存在一些问题，可以做的更好，没有改善。
属于较差，经常有问题，真的较差，需要多注意。
300
机会和威胁
200
BAA -C- B A
100
A、——目标区域 B、——有成功的机会或潜力 C、——高度风险
日企加速布局东南亚
日企加速布局东南亚作者：孙冰来源：《中国经济周刊》2014年第46期在柬埔寨首都金边，首相能来参加一家购物中心的开张实属罕见。
近日，日本永旺集团在当地投资的永旺购物中心的开张，现任首相洪森前来剪彩。
作为金边最大的商贸综合体，永旺购物中心拥有溜冰场、保龄球馆、电影院等娱乐设施。
对于洪森而言，这个购物中心是日本在柬埔寨投资的标志。
当然不仅在柬埔寨，目前几乎所有东南亚国家都在吸引日本企业的海外投资，日元正潮水般涌入东南亚各国。
日本发力投资东南亚基础设施在经历高速增长（见右图）后，2013年，日本在东南亚各国的投资总额翻了一番，达到2.3万亿日元（约240亿美元），这其中部分金额来自日企对当地企业的并购。
与此同时，日本企业将本用于国内投资的钱节省出来，筹集了约229万亿日元的资金池用于对东南亚地区的投资。
软银是日本的一家移动通信运营商和综合性的风险投资公司，主要致力于工厂产业的投资，包括网络和电信。
软银CEO孙正义刚刚凭借参股公司阿里巴巴的上市，身家涨至166亿美元成为日本首富。
今年10月22日，软银宣布对印度尼西亚电商Tokopedia投资1000万美元；东芝集团也宣布，计划5年内对东南亚投资10亿美元。
而早在2013年，三菱日联金融集团（日本最大的银行）就以5360亿日元收购泰国银行业巨擘大城银行72%的股份。
另据中新社今年10月20日报道称，日本政府已设立“海外交通·都市开发事业支援机构”，该机构可动用金额约为1100亿日元，将以日本企业对东盟诸国等东南亚市场的基础设施投资为中心开展支援工作。
《日本经济新闻》报道称，日本政府为上述机构的最大出资者，出资额为585亿日元，且为该机构担保约为510亿日元的资金；此外，包括日立、东芝、三井物产、三菱商社等50家日本企业则出资50亿日元；官民合资约为1100亿日元。
除此之外，日本银行业也瞄准了东南亚基础设施建设的融资缺口。
今年9月29日，据日本媒体报道，日本17家驻海外银行正融资5亿美元用于越南道路建设。
虹夕诺雅将全年提供无电子产品住宿
“虹夕诺雅”将全年提供“无电子产品住宿”“虹夕诺雅”品牌旗下的5家日本国内设施（轻井泽、京都、竹富岛、富士、东京）将全年提供“无电子产品住宿”。
“无电子产品住宿”是指客人暂时远离电脑、智能手机等电子设备，完全沉浸于自然中，感受当地文化的计划。
人们通过这样与自己相处的时间，身心得到放松，从而重新获得丰富的感知力。
无电子产品住宿最初以限时体验的方式于2014年开始，目的是要缓解近年来电子设备及互联网普及给人们身心带来的疲劳与压力，今后日本国内的“虹夕诺雅”酒店将全年提供这种体验服务。
据说，在一段时间内暂时远离电子设备，可以使人从日常的压力中得到解放，能够更加将注意力集中在现实世界的交流以及亲近自然上。
＊无电子产品住宿使客人进入压力释放状态，活动设置有体验自然与当地文化的“沉浸时间”、直面自我的“内省时间”两个部分。
＊参考：一般社团法人DIGITAL DETOX JAPAN无电子产品住宿的3个特色特色１置身于远离电子设备的空间与时间中为了营造一个远离电子设备的环境，入住时酒店会代为保管您的电子设备。
收纳客人电子设备的容器均为带有当地特色的盒子，例如带有轻井泽雕刻的文箱（虹夕诺雅轻井泽）或京都匠人手工制作的漆盒（虹夕诺雅京都）等。
虹夕诺雅轻井泽虹夕诺雅京都虹夕诺雅竹富岛虹夕诺雅富士虹夕诺雅东京特色２ 沉浸于自然及当地文化体验活动中酒店提供当地自然、文化体验活动，帮助客人忘却日常的繁忙。
通过向各个方面的专家及本地人士学习，您可以更深层次地理解当地自然与文化。
比如在虹夕诺雅 东京，就可以向曾在江户神田开设道场的师父学习剑术。
客人能够完全沉浸在练习中，抛开杂念，锻炼注意力集中能力和精神力量。
特色３ 通过与自己相处的时间重获活力酒店向客人提供与自己相处、内省的时间。
您能够直面释放压力后的自我，调节心情，重新找回丰富的感知力。
在虹夕诺雅 竹富岛，客人可以去往只有退潮时才会出现的小岛，在那里进行内省。
眺望着面前一望无际的大海，梳理自己的内心，重新找回活力。
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维普资讯
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维普资讯
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中国 Ｃ Ｎ ＨＩ Ａ
《 国木材节 约和代用技 术政 策大 纲》 中 面 向社 会 征 集 提 案
为了贯彻落实 国务院办公厅 转发发展 改革 委 等部 门关于加快推进木 材节约和代 用意见 的通知 》 （ 国办发＜ ０ ５ ５ 号） ２ ０ ＞ ８ 精神 ，国家发展改革委将会同 科技部等部门研 究制定 （ （ 中国木材节约和 代用技术