高级英语修辞手法总结

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英语修辞手法
1、Simile明喻
明喻就是将具有共性得不同事物作对比、这种共性存在于人们得心里,而不就是事物得自然属性.
标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。

例如:
1>。

He waslike acock who thoughtthe sunhad risento hear him crow、
2>、I wanderedlonely asa cloud。

3>。

Einstein only had a blanketon, as ifhe had just walkedou tofafairy tale、
2。

Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
隐喻就是简缩了得明喻,就是将某一事物得名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。

例如:
1〉。

Hope isa good breakfast, but itis a badsupper、
2>.Some books are to be tasted, othersswallowed, andsome few to bechewed and digested。

3、Metonymy借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说得事物,而使用另一个与之相关得事物名称、
I。

以容器代替内容,例如:
1>。

The kettleboils、水开了、
2〉。

Theroom sat silent、全屋人安静地坐着。

II。

以资料、工具代替事物得名称,例如:
Lend me your ears, please.请听我说、
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a plete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
VI、以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
Ihadthe muscle, andthey made money out of it、我有力气,她们就用我得力气赚钱。

4、Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般、
例如:
1>。

There areabout100 handsworking in his factory。

(部分代整体)她得厂里约有100名工人.
2〉、Heis theNewtonof thiscentury、(特殊代一般)
她就是本世纪得牛顿、
3〉。

The fox goes verywell withyour cap、(整体代部分)
这狐皮围脖与您得帽子很相配、
5、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法就是以视.听。

触.嗅、味等感觉直接描写事物、通感就就是把不同感官得感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。

通感技巧得运用,能突破语言得局限,丰富表情达意得审美情趣,起到增强文采得艺术效果。

比如:欣赏建筑得重复与变化得样式会联想到音乐得重复与变化得节奏;闻到酸得东西会联想到尖锐得物体;听到飘渺轻柔得音乐会联想到薄薄得半透明得纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里得“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫得歌声似得”。

例如:
1〉.Thebirds sat uponatree andpoured forththeir lily like voice。

(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出得声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似得声音.
2>、Taste the music of Mozart。

(用嗅觉形容听觉)
品尝Mozart得音乐、
6。

Personification拟人
拟人就是把生命赋予无生命得事物。

例如:
1〉。

Thenight gentlylays herhand atour fevered heads.(把夜拟人化)
2>。

Iwas very happyandcould hear the birds singing inthewoods。

(把鸟拟人化)
7。

Hyperbole夸张
夸张就是以言过其实得说法表达强调得目得.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如:
1〉。

Ibeg a thousand pardons、
2>、Love you.You are thewholeworld to me,and the moonand the stars.
3〉.Whenshe heard the badnews, a river of tearspouredout。

8、Parallelism 排比, 平行
这种修辞法就是把两个或两个以上得结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致得短语、句子排列成串,形成一个整体。

例如:
1〉。

No one can beperfectly free till all arefree; no one canbe perfectly moral till all are moral;no one can be perfectlyhappytill allare happy.
2>。

In thedays when all these thingsare to be answeredfor,I s ummon youandyours, to the last of yourbad race,toanswerfor
them。

Inthedayswhenallthese thingsare to beanswered for, Isummonyour brother,theworst ofyour bad race, to answerfor themseparately。

9。

Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅得方法表达粗恶,避讳得话、
例如:
1〉.He is out visitingthe necessary、??她出去方便一下.
2>、His relation with hiswife hasnot beenfortunate。

她与妻子关系不融洽。

3>.Deng Xiaopingpassedawayin 1997、(去世)
10、Allegory 讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”)
建立在假借过去或别处得事例与对象之上,传达暗示,影射或者讥讽现世各种现象得含义。

英文解释:anexpressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subjectby suggestive resemblances; an extended metapho r摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这就是一种源于希腊文得修辞法,意为"换个方式得说法"、它就是一种形象得描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味得就是两回事、
例如:
1〉。

Make the hay while the sun shines、
表层含义:趁着出太阳得时候晒草
真正意味:趁热打铁
2〉。

It’stimeto turn plough into sword.
表层含义:就是时候把犁变成剑
11、Irony反语
反语指用相反意义得词来表达意思得作文方式、如在指责过失、错误时,用赞同过失得说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难得说法。

例如:
1>。

Itwould be a fine thing indeed notknowingwhat time itwas in the morning。

早上没有时间观念还真就是一件好事啊(真实含义就是应该明确早上得时间观念)
2〉”Ofcourse, you only carrylarge notes, no small changeon you、"thewaiter saidto thebeggar、
12。

Pun 双关
双关就就是用一个词在句子中得双重含义,借题发挥。

作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到得幽默、滑稽效果。

它主要以相似得词形。

词意与谐音得方式出现.
例如:
1>、She is too lowforahigh praise, toobrownfor a fair praise and toolittle for a greatpraise、
2〉。

An ambassadorisanhonest man wholies abroadfor the good of his country、
3>。

If wedon’thang together,we shall hang separately、13、Parody 仿拟
这就是一种模仿名言。

警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意得修辞、例如:
1〉.Rome was notbuilt in a day,norin a year.
2>.A friend in need is afriend to beavoided.
3>。

Ifyou givea girlan inch nowadays shewill make address of it。

14、Rhetoricalquestion修辞疑问(反问)
它与疑问句得不同在于它并不以得到答复为目得,而就是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上得效果,其特点就是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈得肯定。

它得答案往往就是不言而喻得。

例如:
1>。

Howwas it possible to walk for an hour through the woods ands ee nothing worth ofnote?
2〉.Shall weallow those untruths to gounanswered?
15、Antithesis对照,对比,对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反得语句排在一起对比得一种修辞方法。

例如:
1>.Notthat Iloved Caeser less but that I lovedRomemore、
2〉。

You arestaying;Iam going、
3〉。

Give me liberty, orgive me death.
16、Paradox 隽语
这就是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理得意味深长得说法,就是一种矛盾修辞法。

、例如:
1>、More haste, lessspeed、欲速则不达
2>。

The child isthe fathertothe man、(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁瞧大,四岁瞧老。

17.Oxymoron反意法,逆喻
这也就是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调与得特征形容一个事物,以不协调得搭配使读者领悟句中微妙得含义.
例如:
1>、No light, but ratherdarkness visible。

没有光亮,黑暗却清晰可见
2>、The state of this house ischeerless wele、
18、Climax 渐进法,层进法
这种修辞就是将一系列词语按照意念得大小。

轻重。

深浅、高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点。

可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象。

例如:
1〉。

I amsorry, Iam so sorry, I am soextremely sorry。

2〉。

Eye had not seen norear heard, and nothing had touched hisheartofstone。

19。

Anticlimax渐降法
与climax相反得一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
例如:
1>、Onhis breast he wearshis decorations, at his sideaswor d,onhis feetapairof boots。

2>。

The duties of a soldier are to protect his country andpeel potatoes
20。

Rhetorical repetition
叠言这种修辞法就是指在特定得语境中,将相同得结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气与力量。

1、Itmust be created by the blood and the work of all ofuswho believe in the future, whobelievein manandhisgloriousman—made destiny、它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造得伟大命运具有信心得人得鲜血与汗水去创造。

2、..。

Because goodtechnique inmedicineandsurgery means morequickly—cured patients, lesspain, less discomfort, less
death, less diseaseand less deformity。

因为优良得医疗技术与外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人,更少痛苦,更少不安,更少死亡,更少疾病,与更少残废。

21、Onomatcpocia
拟声就是摹仿自然界中非语言得声音,其发音与所描写得事物得声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。

1、On theroot of theschool house somepigeonswere softly cooing、在学校房屋得屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着、
2、She brought me into touchwith everything that could be reachedor felt-—sunlight, the rustling of silk,the noisesofinsects, the creaking ofa door, thevoice of a lovedone、
她使我接触到所有够得着得或者感觉得到得东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时得沙沙声呀,昆虫得叫声呀,开门得吱嗄声呀,亲人得说话声呀、
22. Alliteration、
头韵法在文句中有两个以上连结在一起得词或词组,其开头得音节有同样得字母或声音,以增强语言得节奏感。

How and why he had cometo Princeton,New Jersey isastory
of struggle, success, andsadness.
23 Syllepsis: 一语双叙
It has two connotations。

ﻫ In the first case, itis a figure by which a wor d, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more w ords in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on o f them in grammar or syntax(句法)。

For example, He addressed you and me, a nd desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me。

)
In the second case, it a wordmay refer to two or more words in the same sentence。

For example, while hewas fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dyi ng, others stayed behindto pursue education and career。

(Here to losing one's l imbs inliteral; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad。

)
24、 Zeugma: 轭式搭配
It is a single word which ismade to modify or to govern two ormore word s in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, o r applying to them in different senses、 Forexample, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night。

(Here noon is not strong enoughto burn) 2 5。

Innuendo: 暗讽
It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundaboutway at something disparagingor uncomplimentary to the person or subject mentioned。

For example, the weatherman sai
dit would be worm、 Hemust takehis readings in a bathroom.
26。

Sarcasm: 讽刺ﻫ It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manne r, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked、 For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break t hrough。

27。

Apostrophe 顿呼
In this figure of speech, athing, place, idea or person (dead or ab
sent) is addressed as if present, listening and understandingwhat isbeing s
aid. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!
28。

Transferred Epithet转类形容词
It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) i
stransferred from the noun it should rightly modify to another to which it do esnot really apply or belong。

E、g、I spent sleepless nights on my project
1。

Simile: a figure of speech inwhich onethingis likenedtoanother, in such away as to clarifyandenhance animage、It isexplicitparison recognized bythe useof words like, as, seem,as if,as though, suchas。

e、g、Witwithout learning islike a treewithout fruit.
…andthe fattestwoman I haveever seen in mylifedozing in a
straight-backed chair。

It was as if a sackofgrain was supported b
yamatch box。

The pen to a writer is whata guntoa fighter。

We haveno more right to consumehappinesswithout producing it than to consume wealth without producingit。

Words and feather aretossedbythe wind。

When he moves, hislittle agilitysuggested a tamepanther withoutthe claws.
2。

Metaphor: afigure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a wordorphrase ordinarilyand primarily used of one thingis applied to another。

e、g。

The sunshineof happiness is madeup of very little beams.
(pare: Happiness is like sunshine: it ismade upof very little beams、)
Moneyis bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drown init、
Bewareof littleexpenses。

A small leakwillsinka greatship、
Ifall uponthe thorns of life!Ibleed。

His hostility melted、
Bythis timethe volcanic firesofhisnaturehad burnt down、3。

parallelism: comes from Greek, itmeanstobealongside one another、It put the words,phrases, clausesandsentencessimilarorcloseinmeaning, or structure alongsideone another、
e。

g。

withthis faith wewill be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to goto jail together…
It wasnot anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, norany of the emotions thatshe had been prepared for。

4、ﻩAntithesis:therhetorical opposingor contrastingof ideasby means of grammatically paralleled arrangement ofwords, clausesor sentences.
e、g。

when povertycomes inat thedoor, love flies out at the window、
Men make houses, women make home、
Wefound ourselves rich in goods,but ragged in spirit、
As forme: give me liberty or give me death.
5.allusion(典故,隐喻,):usuallyan implicit reference, perhaps to another work of lit eratureor art,to aperson or anevent、
e.g。

Your want your pound of flesh?
Inever believeuntilthen that any mealcould defeat me, but onthatday I met my waterloo.
6。

Anaphora:the rhetoricaldevice ofrepeating a wordorphra se at thebeginning of successive clausesorsentences、
eg. Let us be dissatisfieduntil America…Let us dissatisfied until slums…Le tusbe dissatisfied untilintegration…
7、Chiasmus(交错配列词): areversal in the orderof words in twoother
wiseparallel phrases
eg、Awell-educated man should know something of everything and eve rythingof something.
Anoptimistsees anopportunity in every calamity; a pessimist sees
acalamityin every opportunity、
Love makes timepass, time makes love pass。

8。

Parado x isa statement that appears tobe logicallycontradictory an dyetmay be true,thepurposeof which is to provoke fresh thought.
e。

g. More haste, lessspeed。

The Child is father of theMan
9。

Alliteration:头韵occurrence of the sameletter or soundat the beginning of two or morewords in succession
eg。

A misty morning mayhaveafine day.
He remained loyaltome through thick and thin。

Heis as proudas apeacock.
10、Transferred epithet : 修饰转换\移位修饰the transference of an adjective to
a noun to whichitis not whollyappropriate
eg。

Therewas a short, thoughtful silence.
Thisis the cheapestmarket in this country、
He closed his busylife at theage ofsixty.
11、Understatement: Understatement is used whena speakerwants toama keasituationseemless strong or importantthan it is。

Itis often, but not always, expressed bythe negationof the opposite.
eg。

Londonis not the cheapestplacein the world。

(London is exp ensive)
He's a littleon the oldside。

(Hernew husband isold)
Iwouldn'tsay ittasted great。

(Thefood isterrible)
12、Hyperbole: deliberate and obvious exaggerationusedfor effect.
eg。

Her wrinkles weigh more than she does!(she isvery old)
Myhistoryteacher's soold, he lived through everything w
e'velearned aboutancient Greece
I thinkof you a million times a day、
13。

Metonymy: (转喻)the kind offigure of speechinwhichthename of one thingis used in place of that of anotherassociated with or suggestedby it、
e、g. He is too fondofthe bottle.
The crown presided thenew year party inthe palace。

14。

Synecdoche:(提喻)in which aterm isusedinone ofthe following ways:
•Partof somethingis used to refer tothewhole thing or
•Athing (a ”whole") is used torefer to part ofitor
•A specific class of thing is used to refer toalarger,moregener al class, or
•A general class of thing is used to refertoa smaller, more specificclass, o r
•A materialisused torefer toanobjectcomposed of that m aterial,or
•Acontainer is used to refer toits contents.
Eg、Heearns hisbreadby writing。

Australia beat Canada at cricket、
He is the Newtonof thiscentury、
Hewas hurt andhe needed Band-Aid. (for any varietyof adhesivebandage)
She was dressedin silks、
Ps: 最后两种修辞比较容易混淆, synecdoche重点“部分代整体\整体代部分\材料代成品”。

Pps:如考试中出现句子中有两个或以上修辞,写出最有把握得一种即可。

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